EP3354811A1 - Verfahren für die thermische und akustische isolation des aktiven typs von gebäuden und nach diesem verfahren hergestelltes gebäude - Google Patents

Verfahren für die thermische und akustische isolation des aktiven typs von gebäuden und nach diesem verfahren hergestelltes gebäude Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3354811A1
EP3354811A1 EP17153206.2A EP17153206A EP3354811A1 EP 3354811 A1 EP3354811 A1 EP 3354811A1 EP 17153206 A EP17153206 A EP 17153206A EP 3354811 A1 EP3354811 A1 EP 3354811A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building
channels
volume
external
mantles
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP17153206.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Enrico ROSASCO
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to EP17153206.2A priority Critical patent/EP3354811A1/de
Publication of EP3354811A1 publication Critical patent/EP3354811A1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/0023—Building characterised by incorporated canalisations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B1/3211—Structures with a vertical rotation axis or the like, e.g. semi-spherical structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B2001/327—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised of a number of panels or blocs connected together forming a self-supporting structure

Definitions

  • This invention aims to provide a method of active and dynamic thermal and acoustic insulation for buildings, as well as buildings manufactured using this method.
  • the current thermal insulation technique for buildings is typically passive, in that it calls for the insertion of thermal and acoustic insulation materials, with predefined dimensional and physical characteristics, into the floor level and the side and upper surfaces of the building envelope, to reduce heat loss to the surroundings as much as possible, while simultaneously preventing heat, cold and noise from entering the rooms of the buildings.
  • This invention introduces a thermal and acoustic insulation system for large or small-scale buildings, characterised by two suitably spaced enveloping layers, never in contact with one another.
  • These layers can be parallel (for buildings with flat walls), "offset” using a numeric parameter (in the case of regular and/or irregular curved walls), or in a variable free-form, whether mobile or with either increased or decreased separation, including point-to-point modification between the two layers (ME, MI), or a modification of the positioning of a one layer in relation to the other.
  • they contain a single, hermetically sealed, volume.
  • the volume enclosed by all the walls creates a unique, undivided geometric continuity for each building or complex of buildings, if placed in contact with each other.
  • the two layers can be produced in different materials of differing thicknesses, and different materials of differing thicknesses can be used in the same layer.
  • suitable materials offer their own advantages, chosen according to weather conditions, the specific characteristics of the building or the material type. For example, to allow for the production of one or both layers, in their entirety or in sections, in a transparent material that encourages the greenhouse effect, thereby increasing the temperature of the fluid within the enclosed volume.
  • the enclosed volume which encompasses a fluid (air, gas, etc.), can be fully open (i.e. undivided) or divided into the most appropriate manner.
  • divisions can be longitudinal, creating “subdivisions”, or horizontal, creating “layers”, using bulkheads or ducts of various materials, fixed or movable in both directions, changing the position or the geometry, and thus the shape and the volume, acting as structural flow conveyors, creating channels, whether integral with the layer (as a grouped band of channels) or totally autonomous in the materials of the layer, hermetic or otherwise in terms of the volume (VO).
  • channels can be placed horizontally, vertically, radially, or diagonally relative to the building, with the option of a different layout for each level, in varied dimensions, mobile and variable in number, both per subdivision and per level.
  • the aforementioned ducts can also intersect according to various formats; their path is not obliged to remain on the same level, but has the possibility to jump between them, with alternations dictated by the project requirements and opportunities.
  • the process described above has the aim of collecting, through the layers, all the different temperatures present in each point of the entire building, bringing them together through a convective motion, either natural or encouraged by fans, of the fluid present in the single volume, possibly divided by flow conveyors into multiple subdivisions or levels.
  • the temperature differences in the various points of the two layers can be generated in many ways.
  • the sun acts on the outer layer
  • internal walls can be affected by independent heating systems or the presence of people.
  • the system may include one or more containers of water or other fluid placed inside the building, preferably in contact with the walls, so as to act as heat absorption and release devices, collecting heat from the walls and releasing it during the cooler hours.
  • the windows and doors to the building can be constructed normally, creating a small discontinuity but not preventing the convective movement of the fluid, or special doors and windows can be created, positioned carefully within the design, consisting of a double layer, mirroring the construction of the entire wall system.
  • the layers of the windows will be made of a transparent material, such as glass or plastic.
  • a transparent material such as glass or plastic.
  • Fluid migration may also take place in both directions.
  • the speed difference generated by the convective motion inside the channels should cause the Venturi effect, naturally creating at least a partial vacuum(e.g. in the channels positioned on the level bordering the interior of the building), ensuring that the entire process will better perform its thermal insulation function for the implementation of the objective expressed above.
  • Vacuums offer the best thermal and acoustic insulation, and if particular conditions do not result in a successful Venturi effect, the use of mechanical means of suction is an option-such as pumps or even a household vacuum cleaner-acting on a single channel or all at the same time, having connected them in series. Having a single volume of fluid enveloping the entire building allows for a vacuum to be created very easily, either naturally through the channel system or through simple mechanical action applied to the entire volume or an equally effective channel level.
  • a dedicated channel level can be installed, alongside the other channel levels described above, directly in contact with the outside, with nozzles/valves, mobile or driven by natural pressure, in the walls of the channels bordering the external surface affected by the wind.
  • a Venturi effect can be generated on the level of the channels placed on the outside of the building, as set out above, with the aid of the wind speed, creating a depression and then a suction of air to the outside, generating a vacuum in the channels placed on the outside level.
  • the two layers may be spaced through the use of magnetic forces, to keep the inner layer stable, levitating within the outer layer.
  • the method can develop applications in the production of electrical energy, for example, by exploiting the convective motion of air ( Fig. 16 ) through micro turbines (TU), thereby generating electrical energy.
  • this invention offers a system of thermal and acoustic insulation for buildings that can be defined as active and dynamic, proposing the construction of the building with at least two layers, an outer layer and an inner layer.
  • the outer layer can be formed by a plurality of adjacent annular channels, placed on the most suitable vertical surfaces.
  • the annular channels have a lower section, measuring, for example, about 1/2 - 1/4 of the perimeter of each annular channel, located below ground level so as to be sheltered from the weather and to be subject to the effects of the temperature of the soil itself i.e. geothermal energy.
  • the annular channels also feature an exposed section, affected by the sun and the atmospheric temperature changes in terms of day and night and summer and winter.
  • the annular channels of the outer layer are filled with a gaseous fluid (e.g. air, etc.) that, because of the temperature difference between the upper exposed section and the lower, not exposed section of the annular channels, is subjected to a convective motion, the speed and direction of which varies during day and night-time hours.
  • a gaseous fluid e.g. air, etc.
  • the channels of the outer layer are made with one or more materials with good conductive properties and/or thermal permeability, such as aluminium, so that the fluid circulating is better subjected to the aforementioned temperature differences.
  • At least one inner layer also formed by multiple closed annular channels, in which air undergoes dynamic rarefaction to a greater or lesser extent, exploiting the circulation of the fluid in the outer layer, from which circulation suction can be derived, either through means similar to those of the Venturi effect or through the suction of small electric pumps, fed by the production and accumulation of electrical energy activated by the circulation of the fluid in the rings of the outer layer and/or from other possible renewable energy sources, including wind power, solar cells and the Seebeck effect, or through the application of a Stirling engine, generators in air or water channels, and/or others.
  • a toroidal-shaped building (E) is illustrated, formed by the revolution about vertical axis (1), of a circular or polygonal figure (2 ), placed on an ideal vertical plane which contains said axis (1), which is in turn outside of the circle or polygon (2).
  • the toroidal building is formed by a plurality of annular structures (A), of which plan views show a circular crown shape with wedge-shaped segments, with the widest portion (B) defining the outer diameter of the building and the narrowest portion (B') defining the inner diameter of the toroidal building (E), as the various sectors or segments (A) are reciprocally fixed in consecutive and adjacent areas (C) (see below).
  • each segment (A) comprises at least one external annular channel (3) and at least one internal annular channel (4), reciprocally superimposed, and of which the external annular channel (3) is in contact with the atmosphere and is made wholly or at least partly facing outwards, with suitable materials for the collection and transmission of thermal solar energy to the inner walls of the same channel (3).
  • additional channels can be reciprocally positioned adjacent to and/or within the aforementioned channels, made up, for example, of bundles of tubes which can circulate the liquid, connected in series and/or in parallel.
  • these bundles of tubes can be placed on the inner wall of the inner layer and/or on the outer wall of the outer layer, in order to create more convective movement.
  • the internal channels (4) may be staggered in relation to the external channels (3), rather than perfectly centred, as in the example in Figure 4 , so that a channel (4) touches two consecutive sections of each pair of adjacent external channels (3) in equal parts.
  • air may be present, without excluding the use of specific gases or other fluids as indicated below.
  • the building (E), made in the manner described, will be provided with input and output doors (D) and windows (W) to allow for air renewal and for daylight to enter the building; these doors and windows ( Fig. 1 ) may be affected by the channels (3 and 4), or the latter may be located outside and on the perimeter of the doors and windows (D and W).
  • doors and windows Fig. 1
  • the large temperature difference between the part of the external channels (3) that is exposed to the sun and the part of the channels (3) that is buried is such that a convective motion is automatically triggered, generating internal air circulation, for example in the direction indicated by the arrows (F1) in Figure 2 .
  • the air at lower temperatures is reclaimed by the buried sections of the external channels (3) and rises toward the exposed, warmer sections of the same channels (3), creating an initial reduction of the heat towards the internal space of the building (E).
  • the channels (3 and 4) of each segment (A) of the building (E), have an hourglass-shaped bottleneck (X), as shown in Figure 7 , which causes the flow of air that circulates by convection in the channels (3) to increase speed and decrease pressure, so much so a small opening (6) between the channels (3 and 4) is created in this area (X); the external channel (3), for the Venturi effect, tends to draw air from the internal channel (4), emptying it, as indicated by the arrows (F2) in Figure 8 , significantly improving the thermal insulation qualities of the coating formed by the internal channels (4).
  • the vacuum creates the best conditions for both thermal and acoustic insulation.
  • FIG 8 the aforementioned opening between the channels (3 and 4) in said bottleneck (X) is labelled as 6, and 106 indicates a unidirectional valve that intercepts said opening (6), and which is activated by an servocontrol (7) through which the valve (106) can be brought from the closed position to the open position and vice versa.
  • the servocontrol (7) is connected to an interface (8) governed by a microprocessor (9), which receives information related to the outside temperature and the temperature inside the building (E) from at least two thermometers (10 and 11), and which is connected to at least one anemometer (12) that detects the direction and intensity of the air flow in at least one external channel (3), and which is preferably also connected to at least one vacuum switch (13) which detects the degree of depression in at least one internal channel (4).
  • a microprocessor (9) which receives information related to the outside temperature and the temperature inside the building (E) from at least two thermometers (10 and 11), and which is connected to at least one anemometer (12) that detects the direction and intensity of the air flow in at least one external channel (3), and which is preferably also connected to at least one vacuum switch (13) which detects the degree of depression in at least one internal channel (4).
  • the invention also offers the constructive possibility illustrated schematically in Figure 10 , according to which the internal channels (4) are not in communication with the external ones as in the previous hypothesis, but are connected together by means of a manifold (14), involving at least a small electric pump (15) which sucks air from the same channels (4) and discharges it to the outside atmosphere through the duct (16) and a check valve (17).
  • the processor (9) will be paired with software that, in relation to the internal and external temperature variations of the building and/or other parameters, will automatically activate the opening and closing of the aforementioned unidirectional valves (106, 106') or automatically activate or deactivate the aforementioned electric pump for the vacuum (15) or to enable or disable the hydraulic pump for the forced circulation of hot liquid in the radiant tubes (5) of the external channels (3), to ensure building automation with the best thermal and acoustic efficiency that can be attained through the various means available.
  • the same software can also be used to control the automatic and temporary opening of the windows (W) to ensure the necessary ventilation of the building's interior volume, while respecting the optimum thermal and acoustic performance of the entire system.
  • the invention also offers the application of the principle of active and dynamic insulation, first demonstrated for a toroidal-shaped building, for diverse architectural styles-including traditional-such as that shown in Figure 9 , where the part of the building exposed to the atmosphere is labelled E", while the part of the building submerged in the ground (S) is labelled E'''.
  • the building (E'') is in this case formed by two parallel rows of adjacent annular structures (2', 2'') in the form of an isosceles trapezium, with the larger bases positioned at the inside and at the ridge of the double sloping roof (Hi and H2).
  • the annular structures (2', 2'') are formed by external channels (3) and internal channels (4), as in the solution demonstrated with reference to the preceding figures.
  • the external channels 3 can be equipped with bottlenecks transversally or in the direction of the depth, to create the aforementioned Venturi effect for the removal of air from the internal channels (4), or it may be advantageous to apply the solution described with reference to Figure 8 to the same end, which does not require the presence of such bottlenecks. It is therefore understood that the invention offers numerous variants and modifications in terms of construction, without abandoning the principle of the invention, as described and illustrated, and as claimed below. In the claims, the references given in brackets are purely indicative, and do not limit the scope of protection of the claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP17153206.2A 2017-01-26 2017-01-26 Verfahren für die thermische und akustische isolation des aktiven typs von gebäuden und nach diesem verfahren hergestelltes gebäude Withdrawn EP3354811A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP17153206.2A EP3354811A1 (de) 2017-01-26 2017-01-26 Verfahren für die thermische und akustische isolation des aktiven typs von gebäuden und nach diesem verfahren hergestelltes gebäude

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EP17153206.2A EP3354811A1 (de) 2017-01-26 2017-01-26 Verfahren für die thermische und akustische isolation des aktiven typs von gebäuden und nach diesem verfahren hergestelltes gebäude

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EP17153206.2A Withdrawn EP3354811A1 (de) 2017-01-26 2017-01-26 Verfahren für die thermische und akustische isolation des aktiven typs von gebäuden und nach diesem verfahren hergestelltes gebäude

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4006856A (en) 1974-03-27 1977-02-08 Aktiebolaget Svenska Flaktfabriken Arrangement for utilizing solar energy for heating buildings
US4244519A (en) 1978-03-31 1981-01-13 Zornig Harold F Solar heated and cooled building
US4299066A (en) * 1980-02-25 1981-11-10 Thompson Virley P Dome structure having at least one environmentally isolatable compartment
US4468902A (en) * 1978-01-16 1984-09-04 Pryce Wilson Multi-walled structures for controlled environmental use
EP0479308A2 (de) * 1990-10-05 1992-04-08 Michael Demuth Gebäude

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4006856A (en) 1974-03-27 1977-02-08 Aktiebolaget Svenska Flaktfabriken Arrangement for utilizing solar energy for heating buildings
US4468902A (en) * 1978-01-16 1984-09-04 Pryce Wilson Multi-walled structures for controlled environmental use
US4244519A (en) 1978-03-31 1981-01-13 Zornig Harold F Solar heated and cooled building
US4299066A (en) * 1980-02-25 1981-11-10 Thompson Virley P Dome structure having at least one environmentally isolatable compartment
EP0479308A2 (de) * 1990-10-05 1992-04-08 Michael Demuth Gebäude

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