EP3352903B1 - Device for the comminution of materials - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for crushing materials according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

It was known in the prior art for the comminution of components made of mixtures of substances, or of objects composed of different materials, such as metal parts, glass, rubber, wood, polymers, fibrous materials, composite materials or the like, in particular for the purposes of economic recycling , use impact reactors in which the components are crushed by impact stress by means of impact elements. For example, from the document EP 0 859 693 B1 a vertical mill is known which has a cylindrical base body as a housing for an impact chamber and a rotatable rotor therein, the height of the rotor in the base body being adjustable and having exchangeable impact elements releasably accommodated at its wing-shaped ends as impact bodies. From the EP 1 721 674 B1 a vertical mill is known in which it is proposed to mount at least one ejection flap on the cylindrical side or on the bottom of the vertical mill. An external sieve should preferably be replaced by an ejection flap. The drive is arranged outside the impact chamber. From the GB 866 638 B1 a crushing device is also known.

The definition of a vertical mill results from the vertically rotating driven axle for the impact tool.

The above devices and methods have proven themselves in principle, with the starting materials to be comminuted generally having little or no moisture, usually occurring as surface moisture due to storage in the open air.

The above devices are only suitable to a limited extent for the comminution of food that has been stored for a long time or materials that have a higher basic or inherent moisture content and partially free water. Especially with a mixed crushing of different materials in packaging, the previously separated contents together and/or with the packaging itself contribute to the formation of hazardous, galvanic or even explosive mixtures.

The above methods and devices are only suitable to a limited extent or not at all for such an extreme application.

The object of the present invention is to provide a device with which material flows, preferably with a high moisture content and/or metallic content, can be comminuted, with wear resistance and any safety specifications being able to be observed.

The invention is based on a device for comminuting materials that preferably contain moisture, comprising a housing for forming an impact chamber with a rotating impact means driven therein by a preferably vertically aligned axis, the housing of the impact chamber being a base plate, a cover, a connecting plate Wall, and an inlet and an outlet opening is arranged.

The materials can contain mixed plastics and metals with biogenic components. These can consist, for example, of foodstuffs that have been stored for a long time, which are to be separated from their packaging and, for example, are to be recycled in a biogas plant.

The solution to the problem for the device is that
A trough made of at least one layer of plastic is arranged in the impact chamber at least along the base plate and a wear plate is arranged on the other side of the layer of plastic.

• einfache Stahlkonstruktion des Grundkörpers,
• Schutz der Stahlkonstruktion von tribologischen Einwirkungen, insbesondere vor Säure und Korrosion
• Vereinfachte Reinigung
• Selbstreinigungswirkung
• Sicherer Vermeidung der Bildung eines galvanischen Elements zwischen Grundkörper, Verschleißschicht und/oder den eingegebenen Stoffströmen.

The following advantages result from the invention:

• simple steel construction of the base body,
• Protection of the steel structure from tribological effects, especially from acid and corrosion
• Simplified cleaning
• self-cleaning effect
• Reliable avoidance of the formation of a galvanic element between the base body, wear layer and/or the input material flows.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the trough and/or the wearing plate can be designed in multiple parts. The joints are preferably connected and sealed with a material bond. This ensures that the housing is separated from the impact chamber, particularly in the case of a material flow with a metallic component or liquids that could trigger a galvanic reaction. Provision is preferably made for the trough to enclose the entire impact chamber. Depending on the application, however, it may be sufficient to use the base plate and part of the wall in the direction of the cover to form the trough.

In the case of a multi-part trough and a multi-part wear plate, the joints of the trough segments and the wear plates can be arranged essentially at a distance from one another. This increases the sealing effect and minimizes wear and tear at the joints, seams or welds.

Provision can preferably be made for the trough and/or the wear plate to be designed in one piece and arranged as an opening plate in the area of the outlet opening on the base plate. This opening plate can preferably almost contain the opening angle of the outlet opening and is therefore simple and easy to replace.

A harder material than the material of the housing can preferably be arranged for the wear plate, for example Hardox 400 or Hardox 600. Hardox is the manufacturer's designation of a wear plate.

As an alternative or in combination, the wear plate and/or the trough can be arranged with an outward gradient in the area of the outlet opening. This allows liquid to exit the impingement space without difficulty.

Alternatively or in combination, the trough, the wear plate and/or the opening plate can be arranged at least partially in the area of the base plate with a gradient in the direction of the outlet opening. Here, too, a self-cleaning effect is to be made possible in that the liquids present can automatically exit the device, in particular when the device is at a standstill. In conjunction with a manual or automated flushing, it is thus possible to prevent residues in the device from being able to trigger odours, gases or other chemical reactions when the device is not in operation.

Alternatively or in combination, the trough and/or the wearing plate can be arranged in the area of the base plate with a gradient from the wall in the direction of the axis. This embodiment also serves the self-cleaning effect and also prevents accumulations at the transition between the base plate and the wall.

Alternatively or in combination, at least one depression can be arranged in the wear plate and/or in the plastic on the impact chamber side in the area of the base plate to form a channel, with the channel preferably being in operative connection with the outlet opening by means of a gradient. By designing a channel, the features described above can be reinforced or the self-cleaning effect can be introduced.

Alternatively or in combination, the axis can be inclined relative to the base plate and/or the axis can be arranged essentially perpendicular to the alignment of the gradient in the direction of the outlet opening.

Of course, it can also be provided that the invention is used in a comparable striking device with a horizontally arranged axis. Of course, the invention can also be used in cutting devices according to the teaching and can meaningfully protect the impact space or the outer shell.

Alternatively or in combination, compensating pieces, preferably made of the same material, can be arranged between the wear plate of the wall and the wear plate of the base plate. This is particularly advantageous when there is a gradient in the area of the base plate. In this case, the wear plates can nevertheless be manufactured uniformly and only the compensating pieces that are easy to handle or produce require a special geometry.

Alternatively or in combination, an elevation, preferably in the form of a cone, can be arranged in the area where the axle passes through the base plate, the trough and/or the wear plate in the direction of the impact chamber. The elevation creates a seal against a liquid in the impact chamber or supports an existing seal between the axle and the base plate in its effect.

In this context, it is preferably provided that the surface of the elevation or the cone is arranged in the area of the striking tool plane-parallel to the plane of the rotational movement of the striking tool. This prevents materials from becoming trapped between the rotating impact tool and the base plate.

Alternatively or in combination, it can be provided that the joints between the wear plates are used as channels.

Alternatively or in combination, overlaps or tongue and groove connections can be arranged at the joints between the wear plates to prevent moisture or other substances from penetrating between the wear plates or between the wear plates.

Details and exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the attached drawings.

Figur 1

schematisch einen Schnitt durch eine Vorrichtung mit einer vertikal angeordneten angetriebenen Achse zur Rotation eines Schlagwerkzeuges in einen durch ein Gehäuse definierten Prallraum,

Figur 2

eine mögliche Ausführungsform des Aufbaus des Gehäuses, der Wanne und der Anordnung der Verschleißbleche und

Figur 3

eine Draufsicht auf die auf der Bodenplatte angeordneten Verschleißbleche und zwei zugehörige Schnitte durch den Aufbau der ersten Schicht aus Kunststoff und der darauf angeordneten Verschleißbleche.

In the drawings shows:

figure 1

schematically shows a section through a device with a vertically arranged driven axis for rotating a striking tool in an impact chamber defined by a housing,

figure 2

a possible embodiment of the structure of the housing, the tub and the arrangement of the wear plates and

figure 3

a plan view of the wear plates arranged on the base plate and two associated sections through the structure of the first layer of plastic and the wear plates arranged thereon.

figure 1 shows a schematic section through a device with a vertically arranged axis 12, driven by a drive 14, for rotating an impact tool 13 in an impact chamber 11 defined by a housing 1. The housing consists essentially of a base plate 2, a cover 10 and a this connecting wall 3. Provision is preferably made for an inlet opening 15 for the material flow to be arranged in the cover 10 and an outlet opening 16 for the comminuted material to be arranged between the base plate 2 and the wall 3. The wall 3 can be cylindrical or polygonal. Inside the impact chamber 11 a layer of plastic is arranged on the base plate 2 and then on the base plate 2 at least on the lower parts of the wall 3 to form a trough 4 . To show a preferred gradient, the trough is drawn in at an angle in the direction of the outlet opening 16 in the area of the base plate 2 . An adjustable slide (not shown) is provided in the outlet opening 16 and regulates the throughput or the quantity of material exiting from the impact chamber 11 .

In figure 2 the proposed structure of the layers applied within the housing 1 can be found using the example of a trough 4 enclosing the entire impact chamber 11 . To protect the pan 4 and to minimize wear, there is a wear plate 5 on the pan 4 on the rebound chamber side arranged. The wear plate 5 is only designed according to the requirements inside the impact chamber 11, with the dashed line indicating the more optional area.

The production preferably takes place as follows. First, the impact chamber is lined from the inside with suitable molded pieces (trough segments) made of plastic, which are welded together. The trough segments 17 are adjusted as required and depending on the design of the trough (cf. figure 1 ) selected and have joints 19 on. Particularly preferably, the tub segments 17 made of plastic already have the necessary gradient, as proposed in the various features according to the invention. The material is preferably welded or glued at the joints between the shaped pieces. The wearing plates 5, likewise as segments, are then placed on the molded plastic pieces in the impact chamber 11 and arranged there in their appropriate position. Most preferably, the geometry of the segments of the wear plates will hold them in place. Particularly preferably, these can also be glued to the plastic at certain points or fixed in some other way.

figure 3 shows a top view of the wear plates 5 arranged on the base plate 2 and two associated sections through the structure of the first layer made of plastic and the wear plates 5 arranged thereon. The reference number for the wear plate 5 is not shown on each wear plate in order to maintain clarity. In the area of the outlet opening 16, which has an opening angle 21, a preferably one-piece opening plate 8 is arranged, through which the material and especially residual liquid can escape without any problems. This orifice plate is preferably suitable for forming a gradient G as a result of being mounted on the trough or as a result of its geometry, which is shown with arrows and is intended to correspond to the direction of flow of a liquid. In this exemplary embodiment there is also an outer ring of wear plates 5 which are arranged on the wall 3 . In the section on the top left, one can see that these wear plates 5 form a gradient G away from the wall 3 through the trough 4 and/or through their geometry 5 . There is also an inner ring of wear plates 5. A channel 7 can be arranged between the outer and inner ring of wear plates 5, which runs all the way to the outlet opening 16 and/or the opening plate 8 and, above all, leads residual liquid out of the impact chamber 11 in the direction of the outlet opening 16 when it is at a standstill or during cleaning. As can be seen in the section on the left, the trough 4 preferably has a basic gradient of, for example, 1° in the direction of the outlet opening. As described, the inclination or gradient of the wear plates 5 can vary in this regard. The inner rim of the wearing plates can have a gradient in the direction of the channel 7, as shown.

In the middle of the base plate 2 there is the axle 12, which is preferably guided in the area of the passage through an elevation in the trough. This survey can be designed as a cone 6 and is shown more clearly in the lower sectional view. The cone 6 can be covered with wear plates 5 (not shown). Preferably, the surface 18 of the cone is coplanar with the plane of rotation of the impact tool to prevent materials being trapped between the cone and the impact tool.

By way of example, joints 19 between tub segments 17 of tub 4 , which are covered by dashed lines, are shown at the top left. These are preferably located differently than the joints 18 of the wear plates 5.

In the lower sectional view, the compensating pieces 20 are also shown, which can be arranged between the wear plates 5 of the wall 3 and the wear plates 5 of the base plate 2 in order to compensate for any angles or gradient specifications from the trough. It is then advantageously possible to use wear plates 5 which are uniform and therefore simpler and easier to produce.

List of references P1503:

1

Housing

2

bottom plate

3

wall

4

tub

5

wear plate

6

cone

7

gutter

8th

opening plate

9

joint

10

lid

11

baffle

12

axis

13

whipping agent

14

drive

15

intake port

16

exhaust port

17

tub segment

18

surface

19

junction of 4

20

compensating piece

21

opening angle

G

gradient

Claims (15)

1. Device for comminuting materials preferably containing moisture, comprising a housing (1) for forming an impact chamber (11) having a rotating striking means (13) driven therein by means of a preferably vertically aligned shaft (12), wherein a base plate (2), a cover (10), a wall (3) connecting the latter, and an inlet and an outlet opening (15 and 16) are arranged as housing (1) of the impact chamber (11),
   characterized in that
   a trough (4) consisting of at least one layer of plastic is arranged in the impact chamber (11) at least along the base plate (2) and a wear plate (5) is arranged on the other side of the layer of plastic.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the trough (4) and/or the wear plate (5) is formed in several parts and preferably the abutment points are sealed by material bonding.
3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in the case of a multipart trough (4) and a multipart wear plate (5), the abutment points (19) of the trough segments (17) and of the wear plates (5) are arranged essentially at a distance from one another.
4. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the region of the outlet opening (16) on the base plate (2), the trough (4) and/or the wear plate (5) is/are arranged, preferably in one piece as an opening plate (8).
5. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a harder material than the material of the housing (1) is arranged for the wear plate (5).
6. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the region of the outlet opening (16) the wear plate (5) and/or the trough (4) are arranged with a gradient (G) towards the outside.
7. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least partially the trough (4), the wear plate (5) and/or the opening plate (8) are arranged in the region of the base plate (2) with a gradient (G) in the direction of the outlet opening (16).
8. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trough (4) and/or the wear plate (5) is/are arranged in the region of the base plate (2) from the wall (3) with a gradient (G) in the direction of the shaft (12).
9. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one depression in the wear plate and/or in the plastic (5) is arranged on the impact chamber side in the region of the base plate (2) to form a channel (7), wherein the channel (7) is preferably in operative connection with the outlet opening (16) by means of a gradient (G).
10. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that compensating pieces (6), preferably made of the same material, are arranged between the wear plate (5) of the wall (4) and the wear plate (5) of the base plate (2).
11. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the region of the passage of the shaft (12) through the base plate (2) on the trough (4) and/or the wear plate (5) in the direction of the impact chamber (11) an elevation, preferably in the form of a cone (6), is arranged.
12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the surface (21) of the elevation or of the cone (6) in the region of the striking means (13) is arranged plane-parallel to the plane of the rotational movement of the striking means (13).
13. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft (12) is arranged inclined with respect to the base plate (2) and/or the shaft (12) is arranged substantially perpendicularly to the orientation of the gradient (G) in the direction of the outlet opening (16)
14. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abutment points (9) are arranged between the wear plates (5) as channel (7).
15. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that overlaps or tongue-and-groove joints are arranged at the abutment points (9) between the wear plates (5).

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