EP3346124B1 - Fuel injector - Google Patents

Fuel injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3346124B1
EP3346124B1 EP18152426.5A EP18152426A EP3346124B1 EP 3346124 B1 EP3346124 B1 EP 3346124B1 EP 18152426 A EP18152426 A EP 18152426A EP 3346124 B1 EP3346124 B1 EP 3346124B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
needle
electrical
injector
valve body
seat
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EP18152426.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3346124A1 (en
Inventor
Philippe Legrand
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Delphi Technologies IP Ltd
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Delphi Technologies IP Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
    • F02M65/005—Measuring or detecting injection-valve lift, e.g. to determine injection timing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/005—Arrangement of electrical wires and connections, e.g. wire harness, sockets, plugs; Arrangement of electronic control circuits in or on fuel injection apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injector provided with a device for detecting the position of the needle.
  • a fuel injector conventionally comprises a needle controlled in opening and closing as a function of the pressure prevailing in a control chamber, which pressure is a function of the position of a control solenoid valve. These small displacements are carried out at high speed and, the regularly increased performances now require for an optimal piloting a feedback on the actual position of the needle.
  • Devices are known in which a sensor is arranged on the injector, or even an injector in which the surfaces of the components of the body are electrically insulated so that a measurement of electrical resistance can be carried out between two elements of the body of the injector .
  • These complex and expensive devices have not yet proven their industrial realism and it is advisable to propose a simple and effective device.
  • the present invention proposes to at least partially solve these problems by proposing a fuel injector comprising a nozzle and a control valve, the injector body comprising inter alia the valve body and the nozzle body as well as a high guide which is an independent part arranged between the nozzle body and the valve body and in which are arranged a needle movable between a fully open position and a closed position and, a metal spring compressed between a bearing surface integral with the high guide and a shoulder of the needle, the spring permanently urging the needle towards the closed position, the injector being arranged so that in use the injector body is in electrical contact with the electrical ground.
  • the nozzle includes the nozzle body, the top guide and a bottom guide, a valve body seat and injection holes, and also the needle that extends between a first end provided with a needle seat and a second end forming the head of the needle, the needle being arranged sliding between the high guide and the low guide and being able to move between the closed position in which the seat needle is in contact with the valve body seat, fuel injection is prevented and, the fully open position in which the needle seat is away from the valve body seat injection is possible.
  • the high guide and the valve body together define a control chamber in which the needle head is located, the movements of the needle being a function of pressure variations in the control chamber so that in the fully open position PO, the top of the needle head is in contact with a wall of the control chamber, said wall forming the ceiling of the control chamber.
  • the injector is furthermore provided with a device for locating the position of the needle in which an electrical circuit is closed when the needle is in the fully open position and also when the needle is in the closed position, the needle then being in electrical contact with ground, the circuit being open in any other intermediate position of the needle, the needle not being grounded.
  • the device for locating the position of the needle for generating a variable electrical signal representative of the position of the needle comprises electrical insulation of the surfaces of the needle or of the injector body which may be in contact. '' with each other, except the needle seat and the valve body seat, the top of the needle head and the ceiling of the control chamber and, the support shoulder of the spring on the needle and the bearing surface integral with the high guide.
  • Said electrical connection further comprises an annular disc interposed between the spring and the top guide, one face of said disc being said bearing surface of the spring and, the interface between the annular disc and the top guide being electrically insulated, the needle passing through a central opening of the annular disc so that in the fully open position the head of the needle is in contact with the ceiling of the control chamber.
  • the high guide is provided with a conduit passing right through it, a connecting tab being shaped to extend from the annular disc into said conduit.
  • the electrical connection further comprises an intermediate connection link extending through said conduit passing through the valve body to an end connected to the annular disc, which conduit is sealed and electrically insulated.
  • the circuit further comprises an electrical connection extending from the spring at an end external to the injector, such as a terminal of a connector, so that an electrical measurement can be carried out between said external end and the ground.
  • a fuel injector 10 here a diesel injector although the invention is fully transposable to a gasoline or any other fuel injector, l injector 10 generally doing part of an injection system 12 comprising several injectors 10.
  • the description will detail the elements of the invention and will remain more succinct and general as to the surrounding elements.
  • the injector 10 extends along a main axis A and comprises, from bottom to top, in the conventional and non-limiting sense of the figures, a nozzle 14 comprising a needle 16 arranged in a nozzle body 18 then a control valve 20 arranged in a valve body 22 then an actuator 24 arranged in an actuator body 26.
  • the nozzle bodies 18, valve body 22 and actuator body 26 are held integral with each other by an injector nut 28 which is supported on a shoulder of the nozzle body 18 and is screwed onto the actuator body 26, the valve body 22 being sandwiched between the other two bodies, the three bodies and the nut forming the body of the injector 29.
  • the nozzle body 18 includes an internal axial bore 30 extending from an upper end, where it widens slightly in a deep countersink in part to define a control chamber 32, up to a low end 34 which closes in a point so as to form a conical valve body seat 36 making it possible to control the access of fuel to injection holes 38 extending through the conical wall of the nozzle body 18. Between the control chamber 32 and the valve body seat 36, the bore 30 forms a high cylindrical guide 40 and a low cylindrical guide 42 between which the needle 16 is arranged axially sliding.
  • top and “bottom” are used here not only with reference to the orientation of the figure, but also with reference to the usual name assigned to these elements by professionals.
  • the needle 16 is generally cylindrical and extends axially A between a needle head 44, at the top of the figure, and a pointed end 46, at the bottom of the figure, forming a needle seat 48 cooperating with the seat valve body 36 of body 18.
  • the needle head 44 opens into the control chamber 32.
  • the head 44 has a diameter d44, smaller than the rest of the needle 16, and extends upwards from a shoulder 50 to a surface top of head 52.
  • the body of the control valve 22 is conventionally arranged above the nozzle body 18 so the lower face 54 of the valve body forms in its central part the ceiling 56 of the control chamber 32.
  • a metal spring 58 bears against the shoulder 50 of the needle so as to permanently urge the needle 16 towards a closed position PF in which the needle seat 48 is in sealed contact against the valve body seat 36 of the body.
  • the valve body 22 is moreover conventionally provided with a bore 60 opening onto a wide space 62, a magnetic armature and valve stem assembly 64 being conventionally slidably mounted in the bore 60, said assembly 64 generally having the shape of a T, the upper bar representing a magnetic armature and the vertical leg representing a valve stem.
  • valve body 22 Parallel to the bore 60, the valve body 22 is traversed right through by a through conduit 66 shown on the right in the section of the figure 3 although, as will be explained further on, the duct could be made at another location on the valve body 22, provided that it opens right through.
  • the actuator body 26 conventionally arranged above the control valve 20 is provided with a complementary duct 68 arranged so as to align with the opening duct 66 of the valve body and to extend up to a connector 70 arranged at the top of the actuator body 26.
  • the injector 10 is moreover conventionally provided with a fuel circulation circuit 72 which on the one hand allows the supply of high pressure fuel via a high pressure circuit 74, brought from an inlet mouth to the holes of injection 38 and, on the other hand, the recirculation of fuel to a low pressure tank via a low pressure circuit 76.
  • the high pressure circuit 74 notably comprises a bypass channel 78 leading to the control chamber 32, chamber 32 from which the low pressure circuit 76 starts again via an evacuation channel 80 controlled during opening and closing by the control valve 20.
  • the actuator 24 When the actuator 24, typically an electromagnet, is electrically supplied, it attracts the magnetic armature 64 which opens the evacuation channel 80 and allows the fuel trapped in the control chamber 32 to be evacuated to the low pressure circuit 76.
  • the pressure in the control chamber 36 then drops and the needle 16 moves in the bore 30 of the nozzle body 18 towards a fully open position PO in which the needle seat 48 is remote from the body seat of valve 36, so as to allow the injection of fuel via the injection holes 38, and in which the apex 52 of the head needle is in contact with the ceiling surface 56 of the control chamber 32.
  • the magnetic armature and valve stem 64 assembly is pushed back by a valve spring to a position in which the discharge channel 80 is closed, which retains in the control chamber 32 the high pressure fuel that gets there.
  • the pressure in the control chamber 32 then rises and, the needle 16, pushed back by the spring 58 and by the pressure in the control chamber 32 moves to the closed position PF in which, the needle seat 48 is in tight contact against the valve body seat 36, so as to prevent fuel injection and in which the apex 52 of the needle head is distant from the ceiling surface 58 of the control chamber.
  • the injector 10 further comprises a device 82 for locating the extreme positions of the needle.
  • the device 82 is an electrical circuit 84 making it possible to carry out an electrical measurement ME between a terminal 86 of the connector and the mass M at which the nozzle body 18, the valve body 22, the actuator body 26 and the injector nut 28.
  • the electrical circuit 84 includes an electrical connection 88 which extends from the terminal 86 to the spring 58, then the spring 58 itself, then the needle 16 to the needle seat 48 and finally, the nozzle body 18 from valve body seat 36 to earth M.
  • the electrical circuit 84 includes the electrical connection 88 of the terminal 84 to the spring 58, then the spring 58 itself, then the needle 16 to its top 52 of the head, then the valve body 22 from the ceiling 56 from the control chamber to ground M.
  • An injection cycle includes not only a main opening during which the needle 16 travels the entire displacement between the two extreme positions, but also brief openings during which the needle 16 leaves the closed position PF but n 'achieved not the fully open position PO and stops at an intermediate position Pi called the ballistic position.
  • the needle seat 48 is remote from the valve body seat 36 and the apex 52 of the needle head is remote from the ceiling 56 of the control chamber so that the electrical circuit 84 is open.
  • the electrical measurement ME carried out is then different from that carried out when the circuit 84 is closed.
  • the electrical measurement made is related to the electrical control of the actuator.
  • the circuit 84 when the circuit 84 is closed, if the actuator is electrically supplied then the needle is in the fully open position PO and if, the actuator is not supplied, the needle 16 is in the closed position PF and, if the actuator is electrically powered only to command only a brief opening, then, the circuit 84 initially closed, opens when the needle leaves the closed position PF then, the circuit 84 closes again which indicates that the needle 16 has returned to the closed position PF without fully opening.
  • the injector 10 is shown diagrammatically according to an electrical circuit 84 comprising, between the terminal 86 and the ground M, the needle 16 shown diagrammatically as a switch in parallel with which an insulation resistance Ri is placed.
  • the insulation resistance Ri has a value typically greater than 100 kOhms so that in the closed position PF the electrical resistance of the circuit 84 is zero and, that in the open position PO the electrical resistance of the circuit 84 is equal to the insulation resistance Ri.
  • the injector 10 is connected to an ECU computer comprising a fixed electrical resistance Re, significantly lower than the insulation resistance Ri, it may for example be chosen a fixed resistance Re whose value is between 10 and 50 kOhms , for example 20 kOhms, two other electrical resistors R1, R2, and, an electrical voltage comparator.
  • the comparator terminal On the terminals of the voltage comparator arrive on the one hand a first reference electrical voltage whose level is a function of the combination of the two other electrical resistors R1, R2, and, on the other hand, a second voltage varying according to the open or closed state of the circuit 84. To vary this second electrical voltage, the comparator terminal is also connected to the terminal 86 of the injector 10. Thus, in the closed position PF this terminal receives a voltage zero because it is connected to earth M and, in the open position PO, this same terminal receives a non-zero voltage greater than the reference electrical voltage. The change thus perceived by the voltage comparator informs of the position of the needle 16.
  • a measurement of the current passing through the electrical circuit of the injector would make it possible to identify the open position PO or closed position PF of the needle.
  • the electrical circuit 84 comprises on the one hand the electrical insulation of the surfaces of the needle 16 capable of being in contact with the nozzle body 18.
  • the surfaces S1 and S2 guided respectively in the top 40 and bottom guides 42 are coated with an Rie insulating surface coating.
  • the known deposits are aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, amorphous carbon "DLC", there are also plastic materials with high mechanical properties, alternatively electrical insulation of surfaces can be achieved by methods surface oxidation or surface nitriding.
  • the needle seat 48, the top 52 of the head and the shoulder 50 against which the spring 58 rests remain electrically conductive and devoid of Rie insulating coating, but these surfaces may have other surface coatings as long that they are electrically conductive.
  • a possible alternative is to isolate almost all of the needle by reserving only the three surfaces mentioned above.
  • the insulating coating Rie covers the corresponding surfaces of the nozzle body 18, in particular the top 40 and bottom guides 42, or even the surfaces of the nozzle body and the surfaces of the needle. In this case, at deposition, it will sometimes be preferred to arrange insulating sleeves added in the bores.
  • the electrical connection 88 of the electrical circuit 84 includes a top link 90 which extends through the actuator body 26 in the complementary conduit 68 and, through the valve body 22 in the through conduit 66, then a disc-shaped member 92 arranged between the valve body 22 and the nozzle body 18.
  • the disc 92 is provided with an opening 94 arranged just above the control chamber 32, the opening 94 being central in the example of the figure 3 .
  • the opening 94 is slightly smaller than the control chamber 32 so that the disc extends towards the inside of the control chamber, around the ceiling 56.
  • This peripheral extension 96 is sufficient for its lower face 98 serve as a bearing face for the spring 58 which is therefore compressed between this bearing face 98 and the shoulder 50 of the needle.
  • the opening 94 is wide enough so that in the fully open position PO of the needle 16, the head 44 can pass through the opening 90 without touching the edge thereof and come into contact with the ceiling 56 of the control chamber 32.
  • the disc 92 is a metal disc whose two opposite faces are electrically insulated Rie with the exception of the bearing face 98 of the spring and, of course of the connection with the top link 90 which remain electrically conductive.
  • the opposite faces of the disc 92 may be electrically conductive, but in this case, it is the faces of the valve body and of the nozzle body in contact with the disc 92 which must be electrically insulated.
  • the disc 92 is provided with other complementary openings in particular so as not to block the high pressure circuit 74 leading to the control chamber 32 or to the injection holes 38.
  • openings necessary for the fuel circulation circuits as well as two symmetrical openings 120 for positioning the nozzle body 18 relative to the valve body 22. It is known to precisely position the valve body and the nozzle body by means of centering pins. This solution can be extended in the context of the present invention, the pins passing through said positioning openings 120 to be arranged in the nozzle body and in the valve body in complementary blind bores. These pins must then be electrically isolated from the disk 92.
  • the trims which it is known to produce for the same purpose in the faces of the valve body and of the nozzle body are advantageously replaced by these large openings 124 in the disc 92.
  • the side walls of the control chamber can be electrically insulated so as not to risk creating a short circuit between an intermediate turn of the spring 58 and said wall.
  • the principle of the second mode is identical to that of the first mode, however, the second embodiment is distinguished mainly by the very structure of the injector 10 in which the top guide 40 is an independent part 100 arranged between the nozzle body 18 and the valve body 22 and kept fixed by the compression exerted by the injector nut 28.
  • the top guide 100 guides the needle head 44 through a guide bore 102 and, in combination with the body valve 22, said guide bore 102 defines the control chamber 32.
  • the low guide 42 is close to the needle 48 and valve 36 seats and, the electrically isolated surfaces are, in the non-limiting example chosen, limited to the guide surfaces S1, S2.
  • the needle 16 is provided with an annular protuberance the upper face of which, directed towards the needle head, plays a role similar to the shoulder 50 of the first embodiment, shoulder 50 against which the spring 58 is in press and urge the needle 16 towards the closed position PF.
  • the spring 58 is therefore arranged under the top guide 100, and no longer in the control chamber 32, and it is compressed against said shoulder 50.
  • the high guide 100 is further provided with a through conduit substantially parallel to the guide bore 102, conduit through which extends an intermediate connection link 104 which can be either integrated into the high link 90 and simply extend it as far as under the top guide 100, be independent of the top link 90 and be connected to it.
  • the electrical circuit 84 comprises a disc piece 106 comprising a disc 108 provided with a central opening 110, annular disc 108 from which extends a connection tab 112.
  • the annular disc 108 is arranged between the top guide 100 and the spring 58, the needle 16 extending through the opening 110.
  • the underside 114 of the disc serves as a bearing surface for the spring 58 while the connecting tab 112 conforms to the profile of the high guide 100, as shown on the figure 5 , to join the intermediate connection link 104 under the top guide 100.
  • the disc part 106 is metallic and coated with an electrical insulating coating Rie, with the exception of the bearing surface 114 of the spring and the end of the tab 112 electrically connected to the intermediate connection link 104.
  • the intermediate connection link 104 takes the form of a rigid pin extending in a straight line parallel to the main axis A and the tab 112 is only a small protrusion of the annular disc 108.
  • the disc part 106 could even replace the disc part 106 by a simple washer whose internal diameter would be sufficient to allow the needle 16 to pass, and the external diameter would be large enough to receive the intermediate connection 104 while retaining a passage section sufficient for the fuel not generating restriction and pressure drop.
  • the washer is devoid of lug.
  • the electrical circuit 84 is closed and includes the top link 90 and the intermediate connection link 104, then the disc piece 106, then the spring 58, then the needle 16 to the needle seat 48 and finally the nozzle body 18 from the valve body seat 36 to the mass M.
  • the electrical circuit 84 is also closed and it includes the top link 90 and the intermediate connection link 104, then the disc piece 106, then the spring 58, then the needle up to at the top 52 of the head, then the valve body 22 from the ceiling 56 of the control chamber to the ground M.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA

L'invention est relative à un injecteur de carburant pourvu d'un dispositif de détection de la position de l'aiguille.The invention relates to a fuel injector provided with a device for detecting the position of the needle.

ARRIERE-PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUE DE L'INVENTIONTECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Un injecteur de carburant comprend classiquement une aiguille pilotée en ouverture et en fermeture en fonction de la pression régnant dans une chambre de contrôle, laquelle pression est fonction de la position d'une électrovanne de contrôle. Ces petits déplacements s'effectuent à grande vitesse et, les performances régulièrement accrues nécessitent maintenant pour un pilotage optimal un retour d'information quant à la position réelle de l'aiguille. On connait des dispositifs dans lesquels un capteur est agencé sur l'injecteur, voire un injecteur dans lequel les surfaces des composants du corps sont électriquement isolées de sorte qu'une mesure de résistance électrique puisse être réalisée entre deux éléments du corps de l'injecteur. Ces dispositifs complexes et couteux n'ont pas encore prouvés leur réalisme industriel et il convient de proposer un dispositif simple et efficace.A fuel injector conventionally comprises a needle controlled in opening and closing as a function of the pressure prevailing in a control chamber, which pressure is a function of the position of a control solenoid valve. These small displacements are carried out at high speed and, the regularly increased performances now require for an optimal piloting a feedback on the actual position of the needle. Devices are known in which a sensor is arranged on the injector, or even an injector in which the surfaces of the components of the body are electrically insulated so that a measurement of electrical resistance can be carried out between two elements of the body of the injector . These complex and expensive devices have not yet proven their industrial realism and it is advisable to propose a simple and effective device.

RESUME DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention se propose de résoudre au moins partiellement ces problèmes en proposant un injecteur de carburant comprenant une buse et une vanne de contrôle, le corps de l'injecteur comprenant entre autres le corps de la vanne et le corps de la buse ainsi qu'un guide haut qui est une pièce indépendante agencée entre le corps de buse et le corps de vanne et dans lequel sont agencés une aiguille mobile entre une position entièrement ouverte et une position fermée et, un ressort métallique comprimé entre une surface d'appui solidaire du guide haut et un épaulement de l'aiguille, le ressort sollicitant en permanence l'aiguille vers la position fermée, l'injecteur étant agencé de sorte qu'en utilisation le corps d'injecteur soit en contact électrique avec la masse électrique.The present invention proposes to at least partially solve these problems by proposing a fuel injector comprising a nozzle and a control valve, the injector body comprising inter alia the valve body and the nozzle body as well as a high guide which is an independent part arranged between the nozzle body and the valve body and in which are arranged a needle movable between a fully open position and a closed position and, a metal spring compressed between a bearing surface integral with the high guide and a shoulder of the needle, the spring permanently urging the needle towards the closed position, the injector being arranged so that in use the injector body is in electrical contact with the electrical ground.

La buse comprend le corps de buse, le guide haut et un guide bas, un siège de corps de vanne et des trous d'injection et, également l'aiguille qui s'étend entre une première extrémité pourvue d'un siège d'aiguille et une seconde extrémité formant la tête de l'aiguille, l'aiguille étant agencée coulissante entre le guide haut et le guide bas et pouvant se déplacer entre la position fermée dans laquelle le siège d'aiguille est en contact avec le siège de corps de vanne, l'injection de carburant étant empêchée et, la position entièrement ouverte dans laquelle le siège d'aiguille est éloigné du siège de corps de vanne l'injection étant possible.The nozzle includes the nozzle body, the top guide and a bottom guide, a valve body seat and injection holes, and also the needle that extends between a first end provided with a needle seat and a second end forming the head of the needle, the needle being arranged sliding between the high guide and the low guide and being able to move between the closed position in which the seat needle is in contact with the valve body seat, fuel injection is prevented and, the fully open position in which the needle seat is away from the valve body seat injection is possible.

Le guide haut et le corps de vanne définissent ensemble une chambre de contrôle dans laquelle se trouve la tête de l'aiguille, les déplacements de l'aiguille étant fonction des variations de pression dans la chambre de contrôle de sorte qu'en position entièrement ouverte PO, le sommet de la tête de l'aiguille est en contact avec une paroi de la chambre de contrôle, ladite paroi formant le plafond de la chambre de contrôle.The high guide and the valve body together define a control chamber in which the needle head is located, the movements of the needle being a function of pressure variations in the control chamber so that in the fully open position PO, the top of the needle head is in contact with a wall of the control chamber, said wall forming the ceiling of the control chamber.

L'injecteur est de plus pourvu d'un dispositif de repérage de la position de l'aiguille dans lequel un circuit électrique est fermé lorsque l'aiguille est en position entièrement ouverte et également lorsque l'aiguille est en position fermée, l'aiguille étant alors en contact électrique avec la masse, le circuit étant ouvert en toute autre position intermédiaire de l'aiguille, l'aiguille n'étant pas à la masse.The injector is furthermore provided with a device for locating the position of the needle in which an electrical circuit is closed when the needle is in the fully open position and also when the needle is in the closed position, the needle then being in electrical contact with ground, the circuit being open in any other intermediate position of the needle, the needle not being grounded.

Le dispositif de repérage de la position de l'aiguille permettant de générer un signal électrique variable et représentatif de la position de l'aiguille comprend l'isolation électrique des surfaces de l'aiguille ou du corps d'injecteur pouvant se trouver en contact l'une avec l'autre, à l'exception du siège d'aiguille et du siège de corps de vanne, du sommet de la tête de l'aiguille et du plafond de la chambre de contrôle et, de l'épaulement d'appui du ressort sur l'aiguille et la surface d'appui solidaire du guide haut. Ladite liaison électrique comprend de plus un disque annulaire interposé entre le ressort et le guide haut, une face dudit disque étant ladite surface d'appui du ressort et, l'interface entre le disque annulaire et le guide haut étant électriquement isolée, l'aiguille passant au travers d'une ouverture centrale du disque annulaire de sorte qu'en position entièrement ouverte la tête de l'aiguille soit en contact avec le plafond de la chambre de contrôle.The device for locating the position of the needle for generating a variable electrical signal representative of the position of the needle comprises electrical insulation of the surfaces of the needle or of the injector body which may be in contact. '' with each other, except the needle seat and the valve body seat, the top of the needle head and the ceiling of the control chamber and, the support shoulder of the spring on the needle and the bearing surface integral with the high guide. Said electrical connection further comprises an annular disc interposed between the spring and the top guide, one face of said disc being said bearing surface of the spring and, the interface between the annular disc and the top guide being electrically insulated, the needle passing through a central opening of the annular disc so that in the fully open position the head of the needle is in contact with the ceiling of the control chamber.

De plus, le guide haut est pourvu d'un conduit le traversant de part en part, une patte de liaison étant conformée pour s'étendre depuis le disque annulaire jusque dans ledit conduit.In addition, the high guide is provided with a conduit passing right through it, a connecting tab being shaped to extend from the annular disc into said conduit.

La liaison électrique comprend de plus un lien de connexion intermédiaire s'étendant au travers dudit conduit traversant le corps de vanne jusqu'à une extrémité connectée au disque annulaire, lequel conduit est étanche et électriquement isolé.The electrical connection further comprises an intermediate connection link extending through said conduit passing through the valve body to an end connected to the annular disc, which conduit is sealed and electrically insulated.

Le circuit comprend de plus une liaison électrique s'étendant du ressort à une extrémité extérieure à l'injecteur, telle une cosse d'un connecteur, de sorte qu'une mesure électrique puisse être réalisée entre ladite extrémité extérieure et la masse.The circuit further comprises an electrical connection extending from the spring at an end external to the injector, such as a terminal of a connector, so that an electrical measurement can be carried out between said external end and the ground.

DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESDESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Un mode de réalisation de l'invention est maintenant décrit par l'intermédiaire des figures suivantes.

  • La figure 1 est une section axiale d'un injecteur selon un premier mode de réalisation qui ne fait pas parti de l'invention, l'injecteur étant en position fermée.
  • La figure 2 est l'injecteur de la figure 1 en position ouverte.
  • La figure 3 est une section axiale magnifiée de l'injecteur de la figure 1.
  • La figure 4 est une section axiale magnifiée d'un injecteur selon un second mode de réalisation qui fait partie de l'invention.
  • Les figures 5 et 6 sont deux alternatives de réalisation d'un composant de l'injecteur de la figure 4.
  • La figure 7 est une vue isométrique du disque agencé dans l'injecteur de la figure 3.
  • La figure 8 est un schéma électrique représentatif de l'invention.
An embodiment of the invention is now described by means of the following figures.
  • The figure 1 is an axial section of an injector according to a first embodiment which is not part of the invention, the injector being in the closed position.
  • The figure 2 is the injector of the figure 1 in the open position.
  • The figure 3 is a magnified axial section of the injector of the figure 1 .
  • The figure 4 is a magnified axial section of an injector according to a second embodiment which forms part of the invention.
  • The Figures 5 and 6 are two alternative embodiments of a component of the injector of the figure 4 .
  • The figure 7 is an isometric view of the disc arranged in the injector of the figure 3 .
  • The figure 8 is an electrical diagram representative of the invention.

DESCRIPTION DES MODES DE REALISATION PRÉFÉRÉSDESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Selon les figures 1, 2 et 3, est décrit un premier mode de réalisation de qui ne fait pas partie de l'invention se rapportant à un injecteur 10 de carburant, ici un injecteur diesel bien que l'invention soit intégralement transposable à un injecteur essence ou de tout autre carburant, l'injecteur 10 faisant généralement parti d'un système d'injection 12 comprenant plusieurs injecteurs 10. La description détaillera les éléments de l'invention et restera plus succincte et générale quant aux éléments environnants.According to figures 1, 2 and 3 , is described a first embodiment of which is not part of the invention relating to a fuel injector 10, here a diesel injector although the invention is fully transposable to a gasoline or any other fuel injector, l injector 10 generally doing part of an injection system 12 comprising several injectors 10. The description will detail the elements of the invention and will remain more succinct and general as to the surrounding elements.

L'injecteur 10 s'étend selon un axe principal A et comprend, de bas en haut, selon le sens conventionnel et non limitatif des figures, une buse 14 comprenant une aiguille 16 agencée dans un corps de buse 18 puis, une vanne de contrôle 20 agencée dans un corps de vanne 22 puis un actionneur 24 agencé dans un corps d'actionneur 26. Les corps de buse 18, corps de vanne 22 et corps d'actionneur 26 sont maintenus solidaires les uns des autres par un écrou d'injecteur 28 qui prend appui sur un épaulement du corps de buse 18 et se visse sur le corps d'actionneur 26, le corps de vanne 22 étant pris en sandwich entre les deux autres corps, les trois corps et l'écrou formant le corps de l'injecteur 29.The injector 10 extends along a main axis A and comprises, from bottom to top, in the conventional and non-limiting sense of the figures, a nozzle 14 comprising a needle 16 arranged in a nozzle body 18 then a control valve 20 arranged in a valve body 22 then an actuator 24 arranged in an actuator body 26. The nozzle bodies 18, valve body 22 and actuator body 26 are held integral with each other by an injector nut 28 which is supported on a shoulder of the nozzle body 18 and is screwed onto the actuator body 26, the valve body 22 being sandwiched between the other two bodies, the three bodies and the nut forming the body of the injector 29.

Le corps de buse 18 comprend un alésage axial 30 intérieur s'étendant depuis une extrémité supérieure, où il s'élargit légèrement en un lamage profond pour définir en parti une chambre de contrôle 32, jusqu'à une extrémité basse 34 se refermant en pointe de sorte à former un siège de corps de vanne 36 conique permettant de contrôler l'accès de carburant à des trous d'injection 38 s'étendant au travers de la paroi conique du corps de buse 18. Entre la chambre de contrôle 32 et le siège de corps de vanne 36, l'alésage 30 forme un guide cylindrique haut 40 et un guide cylindrique bas 42 entre lesquels l'aiguille 16 est agencée axialement coulissante. Les termes « haut » et « bas » sont ici utilisés non seulement en référence à l'orientation de la figure, mais également en référence au nom habituel attribué à ces éléments par les professionnels.The nozzle body 18 includes an internal axial bore 30 extending from an upper end, where it widens slightly in a deep countersink in part to define a control chamber 32, up to a low end 34 which closes in a point so as to form a conical valve body seat 36 making it possible to control the access of fuel to injection holes 38 extending through the conical wall of the nozzle body 18. Between the control chamber 32 and the valve body seat 36, the bore 30 forms a high cylindrical guide 40 and a low cylindrical guide 42 between which the needle 16 is arranged axially sliding. The terms "top" and "bottom" are used here not only with reference to the orientation of the figure, but also with reference to the usual name assigned to these elements by professionals.

L'aiguille 16 est globalement cylindrique et s'étend axialement A entre une tête d'aiguille 44, en haut de la figure, et une extrémité pointue 46, en bas de la figure, formant un siège d'aiguille 48 coopérant avec le siège de corps de vanne 36 du corps 18. Tel qu'observable sur la figure 3, la tête d'aiguille 44 débouche dans la chambre de contrôle 32. La tête 44 a un diamètre d44, plus faible que le reste de l'aiguille 16, et s'étend vers le haut depuis un épaulement 50 jusqu'à une surface de sommet de tête 52.The needle 16 is generally cylindrical and extends axially A between a needle head 44, at the top of the figure, and a pointed end 46, at the bottom of the figure, forming a needle seat 48 cooperating with the seat valve body 36 of body 18. As observable on the figure 3 , the needle head 44 opens into the control chamber 32. The head 44 has a diameter d44, smaller than the rest of the needle 16, and extends upwards from a shoulder 50 to a surface top of head 52.

Le corps de la vanne de contrôle 22 est classiquement agencé au-dessus du corps de buse 18 aussi la face inférieure 54 du corps de vanne forme-t-elle en sa partie centrale le plafond 56 de la chambre de contrôle 32.The body of the control valve 22 is conventionally arranged above the nozzle body 18 so the lower face 54 of the valve body forms in its central part the ceiling 56 of the control chamber 32.

Dans la chambre de contrôle 32, un ressort 58 métallique est en appui contre l'épaulement 50 de l'aiguille de sorte à solliciter en permanence l'aiguille 16 vers une position fermée PF dans laquelle le siège d'aiguille 48 est en contact étanche contre le siège de corps de vanne 36 du corps.In the control chamber 32, a metal spring 58 bears against the shoulder 50 of the needle so as to permanently urge the needle 16 towards a closed position PF in which the needle seat 48 is in sealed contact against the valve body seat 36 of the body.

Le corps de vanne 22 est, par ailleurs, classiquement pourvu d'un alésage 60 ouvrant sur un espace large 62, un ensemble armature magnétique et tige de vanne 64 étant classiquement monté coulissant dans l'alésage 60, ledit ensemble 64 ayant globalement la forme d'un T, la barre supérieure représentant une armature magnétique et la jambe verticale représentant une tige de vanne.The valve body 22 is moreover conventionally provided with a bore 60 opening onto a wide space 62, a magnetic armature and valve stem assembly 64 being conventionally slidably mounted in the bore 60, said assembly 64 generally having the shape of a T, the upper bar representing a magnetic armature and the vertical leg representing a valve stem.

Parallèlement à l'alésage 60, le corps de vanne 22 est traversé de part en part par un conduit débouchant 66 représenté à droite dans la section de la figure 3 bien que, comme cela sera expliqué plus avant le conduit pourrait être réalisé en un autre endroit du corps de vanne 22, pourvu qu'il débouche de part en part.Parallel to the bore 60, the valve body 22 is traversed right through by a through conduit 66 shown on the right in the section of the figure 3 although, as will be explained further on, the duct could be made at another location on the valve body 22, provided that it opens right through.

Le corps d'actionneur 26 classiquement agencé au-dessus de la vanne de contrôle 20 est pourvu d'un conduit complémentaire 68 agencé de sorte à s'aligner sur le conduit débouchant 66 du corps de vanne et à s'étendre jusqu'à un connecteur 70 agencé en haut du corps d'actionneur 26.The actuator body 26 conventionally arranged above the control valve 20 is provided with a complementary duct 68 arranged so as to align with the opening duct 66 of the valve body and to extend up to a connector 70 arranged at the top of the actuator body 26.

L'injecteur 10 est de plus classiquement pourvu d'un circuit de circulation 72 du carburant qui d'une part permet l'amenée du carburant haute pression via un circuit haute pression 74, amenée depuis une bouche d'entrée jusqu'aux trous d'injection 38 et, d'autre part la recirculation de carburant vers un réservoir basse pression via un circuit basse pression 76. Le circuit haute pression 74 comprend notamment un canal de dérivation 78 conduisant à la chambre de contrôle 32, chambre 32 d'où repart le circuit basse pression 76 via un canal d'évacuation 80 contrôlé en ouverture et fermeture par la vanne de contrôle 20.The injector 10 is moreover conventionally provided with a fuel circulation circuit 72 which on the one hand allows the supply of high pressure fuel via a high pressure circuit 74, brought from an inlet mouth to the holes of injection 38 and, on the other hand, the recirculation of fuel to a low pressure tank via a low pressure circuit 76. The high pressure circuit 74 notably comprises a bypass channel 78 leading to the control chamber 32, chamber 32 from which the low pressure circuit 76 starts again via an evacuation channel 80 controlled during opening and closing by the control valve 20.

Lorsque l'actionneur 24, typiquement un électroaimant, est électriquement alimenté, il attire l'armature magnétique 64 ce qui ouvre le canal d'évacuation 80 et permet au carburant prisonnier de la chambre de contrôle 32 de s'évacuer vers le circuit basse pression 76. La pression dans la chambre de contrôle 36 baisse alors et l'aiguille 16 se déplace dans l'alésage 30 du corps de buse 18 vers une position entièrement ouverte PO dans laquelle le siège d'aiguille 48 est éloigné du siège de corps de vanne 36, de sorte à permettre l'injection de carburant via les trous d'injection 38, et dans lequel, le sommet 52 de la tête d'aiguille est en contact avec la surface plafond 56 de la chambre de contrôle 32.When the actuator 24, typically an electromagnet, is electrically supplied, it attracts the magnetic armature 64 which opens the evacuation channel 80 and allows the fuel trapped in the control chamber 32 to be evacuated to the low pressure circuit 76. The pressure in the control chamber 36 then drops and the needle 16 moves in the bore 30 of the nozzle body 18 towards a fully open position PO in which the needle seat 48 is remote from the body seat of valve 36, so as to allow the injection of fuel via the injection holes 38, and in which the apex 52 of the head needle is in contact with the ceiling surface 56 of the control chamber 32.

Lorsque l'actionneur 24 n'est pas alimenté, l'ensemble armature magnétique et tige de vanne 64 est repoussé par un ressort de vanne vers une position dans laquelle le canal d'évacuation 80 est fermé ce qui retient dans la chambre de contrôle 32 le carburant haute pression qui y arrive. La pression dans la chambre de contrôle 32 remonte alors et, l'aiguille 16, repoussée par le ressort 58 et par la pression dans la chambre de contrôle 32 se déplace vers la position fermée PF dans laquelle, le siège d'aiguille 48 est en contact étanche contre le siège de corps de vanne 36, de sorte à interdire l'injection de carburant et dans lequel, le sommet 52 de la tête de l'aiguille est éloigné de la surface plafond 58 de la chambre de contrôle.When the actuator 24 is not supplied, the magnetic armature and valve stem 64 assembly is pushed back by a valve spring to a position in which the discharge channel 80 is closed, which retains in the control chamber 32 the high pressure fuel that gets there. The pressure in the control chamber 32 then rises and, the needle 16, pushed back by the spring 58 and by the pressure in the control chamber 32 moves to the closed position PF in which, the needle seat 48 is in tight contact against the valve body seat 36, so as to prevent fuel injection and in which the apex 52 of the needle head is distant from the ceiling surface 58 of the control chamber.

L'injecteur 10 comprend de plus un dispositif 82 de repérage des positions extrêmes de l'aiguille.The injector 10 further comprises a device 82 for locating the extreme positions of the needle.

Le dispositif 82 est un circuit électrique 84 permettant de réaliser une mesure électrique ME entre une cosse 86 du connecteur et la masse M à laquelle se trouvent le corps de buse 18, le corps de vanne 22, le corps d'actionneur 26 et l'écrou d'injecteur 28.The device 82 is an electrical circuit 84 making it possible to carry out an electrical measurement ME between a terminal 86 of the connector and the mass M at which the nozzle body 18, the valve body 22, the actuator body 26 and the injector nut 28.

Lorsque l'aiguille 16 est en position fermée PF, figure 1, le circuit électrique 84 comprend une liaison électrique 88 qui s'étend de la cosse 86 au ressort 58, puis le ressort 58 lui-même, puis l'aiguille 16 jusqu'au siège d'aiguille 48 et enfin, le corps de buse 18 depuis le siège de corps de vanne 36 jusqu'à la masse M.When the needle 16 is in the closed position PF, figure 1 , the electrical circuit 84 includes an electrical connection 88 which extends from the terminal 86 to the spring 58, then the spring 58 itself, then the needle 16 to the needle seat 48 and finally, the nozzle body 18 from valve body seat 36 to earth M.

Lorsque l'aiguille 16 est en position entièrement ouverte PO, figure 2, le circuit électrique 84 comprend la liaison électrique 88 de la cosse 84 au ressort 58, puis le ressort 58 lui-même, puis l'aiguille 16 jusqu'à son sommet 52 de tête, puis le corps de vanne 22 depuis le plafond 56 de la chambre de contrôle jusqu'à la masse M.When the needle 16 is in the fully open position PO, figure 2 , the electrical circuit 84 includes the electrical connection 88 of the terminal 84 to the spring 58, then the spring 58 itself, then the needle 16 to its top 52 of the head, then the valve body 22 from the ceiling 56 from the control chamber to ground M.

Dans ces deux positions extrêmes PO, PF, le circuit électrique 84 est fermé et une mesure électrique peut être réalisée, ladite mesure étant significative d'une position extrême. Un cycle d'injection comprend non seulement une ouverture principale au cours de laquelle l'aiguille 16 parcours l'intégralité du déplacement entre les deux positions extrêmes, mais également des ouvertures brèves au cours desquelles l'aiguille 16 quitte la position fermée PF mais n'atteint pas la position entièrement ouverte PO et s'arrête en une position intermédiaire Pi dite position balistique.In these two extreme positions PO, PF, the electrical circuit 84 is closed and an electrical measurement can be carried out, said measurement being significant of an extreme position. An injection cycle includes not only a main opening during which the needle 16 travels the entire displacement between the two extreme positions, but also brief openings during which the needle 16 leaves the closed position PF but n 'achieved not the fully open position PO and stops at an intermediate position Pi called the ballistic position.

En position balistique le siège d'aiguille 48 est éloigné du siège de corps de vanne 36 et le sommet 52 de la tête d'aiguille est éloigné du plafond 56 de la chambre de contrôle de sorte que, le circuit électrique 84 est ouvert. La mesure électrique ME réalisée est alors différente de celle réalisée lorsque le circuit 84 est fermé.In the ballistic position the needle seat 48 is remote from the valve body seat 36 and the apex 52 of the needle head is remote from the ceiling 56 of the control chamber so that the electrical circuit 84 is open. The electrical measurement ME carried out is then different from that carried out when the circuit 84 is closed.

Pour distinguer les positions d'aiguille, la mesure électrique réalisée est mise en relation avec la commande électrique de l'actionneur. Ainsi, lorsque le circuit 84 est fermé, si l'actionneur est électriquement alimenté alors l'aiguille est en positon entièrement ouverte PO et si, l'actionneur n'est pas alimenté, l'aiguille 16 est en position fermée PF et, si l'actionneur n'est électriquement alimenté que pour ne commander qu'une ouverture brève, alors, le circuit 84 initialement fermé, s'ouvre lorsque l'aiguille quitte la position fermée PF puis, le circuit 84 se ferme à nouveau ce qui indique que l'aiguille 16 est revenue en position fermée PF sans s'ouvrir entièrement.To distinguish the needle positions, the electrical measurement made is related to the electrical control of the actuator. Thus, when the circuit 84 is closed, if the actuator is electrically supplied then the needle is in the fully open position PO and if, the actuator is not supplied, the needle 16 is in the closed position PF and, if the actuator is electrically powered only to command only a brief opening, then, the circuit 84 initially closed, opens when the needle leaves the closed position PF then, the circuit 84 closes again which indicates that the needle 16 has returned to the closed position PF without fully opening.

Selon la figure 8 est maintenant succinctement décrit un exemple de circuit électrique permettant l'acquisition et la mesure du signal représentatif de la position de l'aiguille 16.According to figure 8 An example of an electrical circuit allowing the acquisition and measurement of the signal representative of the position of the needle 16 is now briefly described.

L'injecteur 10 est schématisé selon un circuit électrique 84 comprenant, entre la cosse 86 et la masse M, l'aiguille 16 schématisée telle un interrupteur en parallèle duquel est placée une résistance d'isolation Ri. La résistance d'isolation Ri a une valeur typiquement supérieure à 100 kOhms de sorte qu'en position fermée PF la résistance électrique du circuit 84 est nulle et, qu'en position ouverte PO la résistance électrique du circuit 84 vaut la résistance d'isolation Ri.The injector 10 is shown diagrammatically according to an electrical circuit 84 comprising, between the terminal 86 and the ground M, the needle 16 shown diagrammatically as a switch in parallel with which an insulation resistance Ri is placed. The insulation resistance Ri has a value typically greater than 100 kOhms so that in the closed position PF the electrical resistance of the circuit 84 is zero and, that in the open position PO the electrical resistance of the circuit 84 is equal to the insulation resistance Ri.

De plus, l'injecteur 10 est connecté à un calculateur ECU comprenant une résistance électrique fixe Re, nettement inférieure à la résistance d'isolation Ri, il pourra par exemple être choisi une résistance fixe Re dont la valeur de situe entre 10 et 50 kOhms, par exemple 20 kOhms, deux autres résistances électriques R1, R2, et, un comparateur de tension électrique.In addition, the injector 10 is connected to an ECU computer comprising a fixed electrical resistance Re, significantly lower than the insulation resistance Ri, it may for example be chosen a fixed resistance Re whose value is between 10 and 50 kOhms , for example 20 kOhms, two other electrical resistors R1, R2, and, an electrical voltage comparator.

Aux bornes du comparateur de tension arrivent d'une part une première tension électrique de référence dont le niveau est fonction de la combinaison des deux autres résistances électriques R1, R2, et, d'autre part, une seconde tension variant en fonction de l'état ouvert ou fermé du circuit 84. Pour faire varier cette seconde tension électrique, la borne du comparateur est également reliée à la cosse 86 de l'injecteur 10. Ainsi, en positon fermée PF cette borne reçoit une tension nulle car elle se trouve reliée à la masse M et, en position ouverte PO cette même borne reçoit une tension non nulle et supérieure à la tension électrique de référence. Le changement ainsi perçu par le comparateur de tension informe de la position de l'aiguille 16.On the terminals of the voltage comparator arrive on the one hand a first reference electrical voltage whose level is a function of the combination of the two other electrical resistors R1, R2, and, on the other hand, a second voltage varying according to the open or closed state of the circuit 84. To vary this second electrical voltage, the comparator terminal is also connected to the terminal 86 of the injector 10. Thus, in the closed position PF this terminal receives a voltage zero because it is connected to earth M and, in the open position PO, this same terminal receives a non-zero voltage greater than the reference electrical voltage. The change thus perceived by the voltage comparator informs of the position of the needle 16.

De manière alternative une mesure du courant passant dans le circuit électrique de l'injecteur permettrait d'identifier la position ouverte PO ou fermée PF de l'aiguille.Alternatively, a measurement of the current passing through the electrical circuit of the injector would make it possible to identify the open position PO or closed position PF of the needle.

Le circuit électrique 84 est maintenant détaillé. Il comprend d'une part l'isolation électrique des surfaces de l'aiguille 16 susceptibles d'être en contact avec le corps de buse 18. Ainsi les surfaces S1 et S2 guidées respectivement dans les guides haut 40 et bas 42 sont revêtues d'un revêtement de surface isolant Rie. Parmi les dépôts connus se trouvent le nitrure d'aluminium, l'oxyde d'aluminium, le carbone amorphe « DLC », on trouve également des matériaux plastiques à hautes propriétés mécaniques, alternativement l'isolation électrique des surfaces peut être réalisée par des procédés d'oxydation de surface ou nitruration de surface. On peut également envisager des douilles additionnelles agencées autour de l'aiguille, ou dans le corps d'injecteur. Par contre, le siège d'aiguille 48, le sommet 52 de tête et l'épaulement 50 contre laquelle s'appuie le ressort 58 restent conducteurs électriques et dépourvus de revêtement isolant Rie mais, ces surfaces peuvent avoir d'autres revêtements de surface tant qu'ils sont électriquement conducteurs.. Une alternative possible est d'isoler la quasi-totalité de l'aiguille en ne réservant que les trois surfaces ci-dessus mentionnées. Dans une autre alternative le revêtement isolant Rie revêt les surfaces correspondantes du corps de buse 18, notamment les guides haut 40 et bas 42, voire les surfaces du corps de buse et les surfaces de l'aiguille. Dans ce cas, au dépôt, il sera parfois préféré l'agencement de douilles isolantes rapportées dans les alésages. D'autre part, la liaison électrique 88 du circuit électrique 84 comprend un lien haut 90 qui s'étend au travers du corps d'actionneur 26 dans le conduit complémentaire 68 et, au travers du corps de vanne 22 dans le conduit débouchant 66, puis un membre en forme de disque 92 agencé entre le corps de vanne 22 et le corps de buse 18. Le disque 92 est pourvu d'une ouverture 94 agencée juste au-dessus de la chambre de contrôle 32, l'ouverture 94 étant centrale dans l'exemple de la figure 3. L'ouverture 94 est légèrement moins grande que la chambre de contrôle 32 de sorte que le disque s'étend vers l'intérieur de la chambre de contrôle, au pourtour du plafond 56. Cette extension périphérique 96 est suffisante pour que sa face inférieure 98 serve de face d'appui au ressort 58 qui est donc comprimé entre cette face d'appui 98 et l'épaulement 50 de l'aiguille. Par ailleurs l'ouverture 94 est suffisamment large pour qu'en position entièrement ouverte PO de l'aiguille 16, la tête 44 puisse passer au travers de l'ouverture 90 sans en toucher le bord et venir en contact avec le plafond 56 de la chambre de contrôle 32.The electrical circuit 84 is now detailed. It comprises on the one hand the electrical insulation of the surfaces of the needle 16 capable of being in contact with the nozzle body 18. Thus the surfaces S1 and S2 guided respectively in the top 40 and bottom guides 42 are coated with an Rie insulating surface coating. Among the known deposits are aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, amorphous carbon "DLC", there are also plastic materials with high mechanical properties, alternatively electrical insulation of surfaces can be achieved by methods surface oxidation or surface nitriding. One can also consider additional sockets arranged around the needle, or in the injector body. On the other hand, the needle seat 48, the top 52 of the head and the shoulder 50 against which the spring 58 rests remain electrically conductive and devoid of Rie insulating coating, but these surfaces may have other surface coatings as long that they are electrically conductive. A possible alternative is to isolate almost all of the needle by reserving only the three surfaces mentioned above. In another alternative, the insulating coating Rie covers the corresponding surfaces of the nozzle body 18, in particular the top 40 and bottom guides 42, or even the surfaces of the nozzle body and the surfaces of the needle. In this case, at deposition, it will sometimes be preferred to arrange insulating sleeves added in the bores. Furthermore, the electrical connection 88 of the electrical circuit 84 includes a top link 90 which extends through the actuator body 26 in the complementary conduit 68 and, through the valve body 22 in the through conduit 66, then a disc-shaped member 92 arranged between the valve body 22 and the nozzle body 18. The disc 92 is provided with an opening 94 arranged just above the control chamber 32, the opening 94 being central in the example of the figure 3 . The opening 94 is slightly smaller than the control chamber 32 so that the disc extends towards the inside of the control chamber, around the ceiling 56. This peripheral extension 96 is sufficient for its lower face 98 serve as a bearing face for the spring 58 which is therefore compressed between this bearing face 98 and the shoulder 50 of the needle. Furthermore, the opening 94 is wide enough so that in the fully open position PO of the needle 16, the head 44 can pass through the opening 90 without touching the edge thereof and come into contact with the ceiling 56 of the control chamber 32.

Plus spécifiquement, le disque 92 est un disque métallique dont les deux faces opposées sont électriquement isolées Rie à l'exception de la face d'appui 98 du ressort et, bien sûr de la connexion avec le lien haut 90 qui demeurent électriquement conductrices. Alternativement, les faces opposées du disque 92 peuvent être électriquement conductrices mais, dans ce cas, se sont les faces du corps de vanne et du corps de buse en contact avec le disque 92 qui doivent être électriquement isolées.More specifically, the disc 92 is a metal disc whose two opposite faces are electrically insulated Rie with the exception of the bearing face 98 of the spring and, of course of the connection with the top link 90 which remain electrically conductive. Alternatively, the opposite faces of the disc 92 may be electrically conductive, but in this case, it is the faces of the valve body and of the nozzle body in contact with the disc 92 which must be electrically insulated.

Tel que cela est particulièrement visible sur l'exemple non limitatif de la figure 7, le disque 92 est pourvu d'autres ouvertures complémentaires notamment pour ne pas obturer le circuit haute pression 74 conduisant à la chambre de contrôle 32 ou aux trous d'injection 38. On peut distinguer des ouvertures nécessaires aux circuits de circulation du carburant ainsi que deux ouvertures symétriques 120 de positionnement du corps de buse 18 par rapport au corps de vanne 22. Il est connu de positionner avec précision le corps de vanne et le corps de buse au moyen de pions de centrage. Cette solution peut être reconduite dans le cadre de la présente invention, les pions passant au travers desdites ouvertures de positionnement 120 pour s'agencer dans le corps de buse et dans le corps de vanne dans des alésages borgnes complémentaires. Ces pions doivent alors être électriquement isolés du disque 92. Cependant, tel que cela est représenté sur la figure 7, il est possible de réaliser lesdites ouvertures de positionnement 120 en pratiquant des découpes diagonales puis en rabattant perpendiculairement et de part et d'autre du disque 92 des portions triangulaires formant des coins de centrage 122 aptes à s'engager complémentairement dans lesdits alésages borgnes et remplaçant ainsi avantageusement les pions de centrage. Ces coins de centrages doivent également être isolés électriquement de sorte à ne pas créer de liaison électrique entre le disque 92 et le corps de vanne ou le corps de buse. Alternativement, d'autres découpes peuvent amener à réaliser d'autres formes de protubérances de centrage.As is particularly visible in the nonlimiting example of the figure 7 , the disc 92 is provided with other complementary openings in particular so as not to block the high pressure circuit 74 leading to the control chamber 32 or to the injection holes 38. We can distinguish openings necessary for the fuel circulation circuits as well as two symmetrical openings 120 for positioning the nozzle body 18 relative to the valve body 22. It is known to precisely position the valve body and the nozzle body by means of centering pins. This solution can be extended in the context of the present invention, the pins passing through said positioning openings 120 to be arranged in the nozzle body and in the valve body in complementary blind bores. These pins must then be electrically isolated from the disk 92. However, as shown in the figure 7 , it is possible to produce said positioning openings 120 by making diagonal cuts then by folding down perpendicularly and on either side of the disc 92 triangular portions forming centering corners 122 able to engage complementarily in said blind bores and thus advantageously replacing the centering pins. These centering corners must also be electrically insulated so as not to create an electrical connection between the disc 92 and the valve body or the nozzle body. Alternatively, other cuts can lead to other forms of centering protuberances.

De plus, compte tenu des très hautes pressions, plusieurs milliers de bars, susceptibles de régner dans l'injecteur, il est également possible d'améliorer l'étanchéité autour du disque 92 en réalisant dans le disque 92 de larges ouvertures 124 permettant ainsi de réduire la surface du disque 92 soumise aux efforts de serrage entre le corps de buse 18 et le corps de vanne 22 et, en conséquence, d'augmenter les pressions de contact permettant d'avoir une meilleure étanchéité autour des canaux haute pression et de la chambre de contrôle.In addition, given the very high pressures, several thousand bars, which may reign in the injector, it is also possible to improve the seal around the disc 92 by making large openings 124 in the disc 92, thus making it possible to reduce the surface of the disc 92 subjected to the clamping forces between the nozzle body 18 and the valve body 22 and, consequently, increase the contact pressures allowing better sealing around the high pressure channels and the Control Chamber.

Dans ce cas les détourages qui qu'il est connu de réaliser dans le même but dans les faces du corps de vanne et du corps de buse sont avantageusement remplacés par ces larges ouvertures 124 dans le disque 92.In this case, the trims which it is known to produce for the same purpose in the faces of the valve body and of the nozzle body are advantageously replaced by these large openings 124 in the disc 92.

Dans une alternative complémentaire, les parois latérales de la chambre de contrôle peuvent être isolées électriquement de sorte à ne pas risquer de créer de court-circuit entre une spire intermédiaire du ressort 58 et ladite paroi.In a complementary alternative, the side walls of the control chamber can be electrically insulated so as not to risk creating a short circuit between an intermediate turn of the spring 58 and said wall.

Un second mode de réalisation qui fait partie de l'invention est maintenant décrit, en référence aux figures 4, 5 et 6, et par voie de différence avec le premier mode en conservant les numéros de référence des éléments communs.A second embodiment which forms part of the invention is now described, with reference to figures 4 , 5 and 6 , and by way of difference from the first mode while keeping the reference numbers of the common elements.

Le principe du second mode est identique à celui du premier mode, cependant, le second mode de réalisation se distingue principalement par la structure même de l'injecteur 10 dans lequel le guide haut 40 est une pièce indépendante 100 agencée entre le corps de buse 18 et le corps de vanne 22 et maintenue fixe grâce à la compression exercée par l'écrou d'injecteur 28. Le guide haut 100 guide la tête d'aiguille 44 au travers d'un alésage de guidage 102 et, en combinaison avec le corps de vanne 22, ledit alésage de guidage 102 définit la chambre de contrôle 32.The principle of the second mode is identical to that of the first mode, however, the second embodiment is distinguished mainly by the very structure of the injector 10 in which the top guide 40 is an independent part 100 arranged between the nozzle body 18 and the valve body 22 and kept fixed by the compression exerted by the injector nut 28. The top guide 100 guides the needle head 44 through a guide bore 102 and, in combination with the body valve 22, said guide bore 102 defines the control chamber 32.

Comme cela est observable, le guide bas 42 est proche des sièges d'aiguille 48 et de vanne 36 et, les surfaces électriquement isolées sont dans, l'exemple non limitatif choisi, limitées aux surfaces de guidage S1, S2. Par ailleurs, l'aiguille 16 est pourvu d'une protubérance annulaire dont la face supérieure, dirigée vers la tête d'aiguille, joue un rôle similaire à l'épaulement 50 du premier mode de réalisation, épaulement 50 contre lequel le ressort 58 est en appui et sollicite l'aiguille 16 vers la position fermée PF. Le ressort 58 est donc agencé sous le guide haut 100, et non plus dans la chambre de contrôle 32, et il est comprimé contre ledit épaulement 50.As can be observed, the low guide 42 is close to the needle 48 and valve 36 seats and, the electrically isolated surfaces are, in the non-limiting example chosen, limited to the guide surfaces S1, S2. By elsewhere, the needle 16 is provided with an annular protuberance the upper face of which, directed towards the needle head, plays a role similar to the shoulder 50 of the first embodiment, shoulder 50 against which the spring 58 is in press and urge the needle 16 towards the closed position PF. The spring 58 is therefore arranged under the top guide 100, and no longer in the control chamber 32, and it is compressed against said shoulder 50.

Le guide haut 100 est de plus pourvu d'un conduit traversant substantiellement parallèle à l'alésage de guidage 102, conduit au travers duquel s'étend un lien de connexion intermédiaire 104 qui peut être soit intégré au lien haut 90 et simplement le prolonger jusque sous le guide haut 100, soit indépendant du lien haut 90 et être connecté à celui-ci.The high guide 100 is further provided with a through conduit substantially parallel to the guide bore 102, conduit through which extends an intermediate connection link 104 which can be either integrated into the high link 90 and simply extend it as far as under the top guide 100, be independent of the top link 90 and be connected to it.

En-deçà du guide haut100, le circuit électrique 84 comprend une pièce discale 106 comprenant un disque 108 pourvu d'une ouverture centrale 110, disque annulaire 108 duquel s'étend vers l'extérieur une patte de liaison 112. Le disque annulaire 108 est agencé entre le guide haut 100 et le ressort 58, l'aiguille 16 s'étendant au travers de l'ouverture 110. La face inférieure 114 du disque sert de surface d'appui au ressort 58 tandis que la patte de liaison 112 se conforme au profil du guide haut 100, tel que montré sur la figure 5, pour rejoindre le lien de connexion intermédiaire 104 sous le guide haut 100. La pièce discale 106 est métallique et revêtue d'un revêtement isolant électrique Rie, à l'exception de la surface d'appui 114 du ressort et de l'extrémité de la patte 112 électriquement connectée au lien de connexion intermédiaire 104.Below the top guide 100, the electrical circuit 84 comprises a disc piece 106 comprising a disc 108 provided with a central opening 110, annular disc 108 from which extends a connection tab 112. The annular disc 108 is arranged between the top guide 100 and the spring 58, the needle 16 extending through the opening 110. The underside 114 of the disc serves as a bearing surface for the spring 58 while the connecting tab 112 conforms to the profile of the high guide 100, as shown on the figure 5 , to join the intermediate connection link 104 under the top guide 100. The disc part 106 is metallic and coated with an electrical insulating coating Rie, with the exception of the bearing surface 114 of the spring and the end of the tab 112 electrically connected to the intermediate connection link 104.

Dans une alternative représentée en figure 6, le lien de connexion intermédiaire 104 prend la forme d'un pion rigide s'étendant en ligne droite parallèlement à l'axe principal A et la patte 112 n'est qu'une petite excroissance du disque annulaire 108. On pourrait même remplacer la pièce discale 106 par une rondelle simple dont le diamètre intérieur serait suffisant pour laisser passer l'aiguille 16 et, le diamètre extérieur serait suffisant grand pour recevoir la connexion intermédiaire 104 tout en conservant une section de passage suffisante pour le carburant ne générant pas de restriction et de chute de pression. Dans ce cas la rondelle est dépourvue de patte.In an alternative represented in figure 6 , the intermediate connection link 104 takes the form of a rigid pin extending in a straight line parallel to the main axis A and the tab 112 is only a small protrusion of the annular disc 108. We could even replace the disc part 106 by a simple washer whose internal diameter would be sufficient to allow the needle 16 to pass, and the external diameter would be large enough to receive the intermediate connection 104 while retaining a passage section sufficient for the fuel not generating restriction and pressure drop. In this case the washer is devoid of lug.

Lorsque l'aiguille 16 est en position fermée PF, le circuit électrique 84 est fermé et comprend le lien haut 90 et le lien de connexion intermédiaire 104, puis la pièce discale 106, puis le ressort 58, puis l'aiguille 16 jusqu'au siège d'aiguille 48 et enfin le corps de buse 18 depuis le siège de corps de vanne 36 jusqu'à la masse M.When the needle 16 is in the closed position PF, the electrical circuit 84 is closed and includes the top link 90 and the intermediate connection link 104, then the disc piece 106, then the spring 58, then the needle 16 to the needle seat 48 and finally the nozzle body 18 from the valve body seat 36 to the mass M.

Lorsque l'aiguille 16 est en position entièrement ouverte PO le circuit électrique 84 est également fermé et il comprend le lien haut 90 et le lien de connexion intermédiaire 104, puis la pièce discale 106, puis le ressort 58, puis l'aiguille jusqu'au sommet 52 de la tête, puis le corps de vanne 22 depuis le plafond 56 de la chambre de contrôle jusqu'à la masse M.When the needle 16 is in the fully open position PO the electrical circuit 84 is also closed and it includes the top link 90 and the intermediate connection link 104, then the disc piece 106, then the spring 58, then the needle up to at the top 52 of the head, then the valve body 22 from the ceiling 56 of the control chamber to the ground M.

RÉFÉRENCES UTILISÉES.REFERENCES USED.

1010
injecteurinjector
1212
système d'injectioninjection system
1414
busenozzle
1616
aiguilleneedle
1818
corps de busenozzle body
2020
vanne de contrôlecontrol valve
2222
corps de vannevalve body
2424
actionneuractuator
2626
corps d'actionneuractuator body
2828
écrou d'injecteurinjector nut
2929
corps de l'injecteurinjector body
3030
alésagebore
3232
chambre de contrôleControl Chamber
3434
extrémité basselow end
3636
siège de corps de vannevalve body seat
3838
trous d'injectioninjection holes
4040
guide hauthigh guide
4242
guide baslow guide
4444
tête d'aiguilleneedle head
4646
extrémité pointuepointed end
4848
siège d'aiguilleneedle seat
5050
épaulementshoulder
5252
sommet de tête d'aiguilleneedle head top
5454
face inférieure du corps de vanneunderside of valve body
5656
plafond de la chambre de contrôlecontrol room ceiling
5858
ressortspring
6060
alésage principal du corps de vannemain bore of valve body
6262
espace plus large pour l'armaturewider space for frame
6464
ensemble armature magnétique et tige de vannemagnetic armature and valve stem assembly
6666
conduit débouchant dans le corps de vanneconduit opening into the valve body
6868
conduit complémentaire dans le corps d'actionneurcomplementary duct in the actuator body
7070
connecteurconnector
7272
circuit de circulation du carburantfuel circulation system
7474
circuit haute pressionhigh pressure circuit
7676
circuit basse pressionlow pressure circuit
7878
canal de dérivationbypass channel
8080
canal d'évacuationdrainage channel
8282
dispositif de repérage de la position de l'aiguilleneedle position marking device
8484
circuit électriqueelectrical circuit
8686
cossepod
8888
liaison électriqueelectrical connection
9090
lien de connexionconnection link
9292
membre en forme de disquedisc-shaped member
9494
ouverture centrale du disquecentral disc opening
9696
extension périphériqueperipheral extension
9898
face d'appui du ressortspring support face
100100
guide haut indépendanthigh independent guide
102102
alésage de guidage du guide hauttop guide guide bore
104104
lien de connexion intermédiaireintermediate connection link
106106
pièce discaledisc piece
108108
disque annulaireannular disc
110110
ouverture centrale du disquecentral disc opening
112112
patte de liaisonconnecting lug
114114
surface d'appui du ressortspring support surface
120120
ouvertures de positionnementpositioning openings
122122
coins de centragecentering corners
124124
larges ouvertureswide openings
AAT
Axe principalMain axis
d44d44
diamètre de têtehead diameter
PFPF
position fermée de l'aiguilleclosed needle position
POPO
position entièrement ouvertefully open position
PiPi
position intermédiaireintermediate position
MM
massemass
MEME
mesure électriqueelectrical measurement
RieLaugh
revêtement isolant électriqueelectrical insulating coating
ECUECU
calculateurcalculator
ValimValim
tension d'alimentationsupply voltage
RiRi
résistance d'isolementinsulation resistance
ReRe
résistance électriqueelectrical resistance
R1 / R2R1 / R2
autres résistances électriquesother electrical resistances

Claims (2)

  1. Fuel injector (10) comprising a nozzle (14) and a control valve (20), feed body of the injector (29) comprising, among other things, the body of the valve (22) and the body of the nozzle (18) as well as a top guide (100) which is an independent part arranged between the nozzle body (18) and the valve body (22) and in which there are arranged a needle (16) that is mobile between a fully opened position (PO) and a closed position (PF) and, a metal spring (58) compressed between a bearing surface (114) integral to the top guide (100) and a shoulder (50) of the needle (16), the spring (58) permanently stressing the needle (16) towards the closed position (PF), the injector (10) being arranged so that, in use, the injector body (29) is in electrical contact with the electrical ground (M),
    the nozzle (14) comprising the nozzle body (18), the top guide (100) and a bottom guide (42), a valve body seat (36) and injection holes (38) and, also comprising the needle (16) which extends between a first end (46) provided with a needle seat (48) and a second end forming the head (44) of the needle, the needle (16) being arranged to slide between the top guide (100) and the bottom guide (42) and being able to be displaced between the closed position (PF) in which the needle seat (48) is in contact with the valve body seat (36), the injection of fuel being prevented, and, the fully opened position (PO) in which the needle seat (48) is separated from the valve body seat (36), injection being possible,
    the top guide (40) and the valve body (22) together defining a control chamber (32) in which the head (44) of the needle is located, the displacements of the needle (16) being a function of the pressure of variations in the control chamber (32) such that, in fully opened position (PO), the top (52) of the head (44) of the needle is in contact with a wall (56) of the control chamber, said wall forming the ceiling (56) of the control chamber,
    the injector (10) is also provided with a device (82) for registering the position of the needle in which an electrical circuit (84) is closed when the needle (16) is in fully opened position (PO) and also when the needle (16) is in closed position (PF), the needle (16) then being in electrical contact with the ground (M), the circuit (84) being opened in any other intermediate position (Pi) of the needle (16), the needle (16) not being connected to the ground (M), in which
    the device (82) for registering the position of the needle making it possible to generate a variable electrical signal (S) that is representative of the position of the needle (16) comprises electrical insulation (Rie) of the surfaces of the needle (16) or of the injector body (29) that can be in contact with one another, apart from the needle seat (48) and the valve body seat (36), from the top (52) of the head of the needle and from the ceiling (56) of the control chamber (32) and from the shoulder (50) by which the spring (58) bears on the needle (16) and the bearing surface (114) integral to the top guide (100), the electrical link (84) also comprising an annular disc (108) interposed between the spring (58) and the top guide (100), a face of said disc (108) being said bearing surface (114) of the spring (58) and, the interface between the annular disc (108) and the top guide (100) being electrically insulated (Rie), the needle (16) passing through a central aperture (110) of the annular disc (108) so that, in fully opened position (PO), the head (44) of the needle is in contact with the ceiling (56) of the control chamber and,
    in which the top guide (100) is provided with a duct passing right through it, a link tab (112) being conformed to extend from the annular disc (108) into said duct,
    characterized in that
    the electrical link (84) also comprises an intermediate connection link (104) extending through said duct passing through the valve body (22) to an end connected to the annular disc (108), which duct is sealed and electrically insulated.
  2. Fuel injector (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein the circuit (84) also comprises an electrical link (84, 90, 92, 104, 106) extending from the spring (58) to an end (86) outside the injector, such as a terminal (86) of a connector (70), so that an electrical measurement (ME) can be between said outside end (86) and the ground (M).
EP18152426.5A 2014-07-22 2015-07-08 Fuel injector Active EP3346124B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1457078A FR3024183B1 (en) 2014-07-22 2014-07-22 FUEL INJECTOR
PCT/EP2015/065583 WO2016012242A1 (en) 2014-07-22 2015-07-08 Fuel injector
EP15736450.6A EP3172429B1 (en) 2014-07-22 2015-07-08 Fuel injector

Related Parent Applications (2)

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EP15736450.6A Division EP3172429B1 (en) 2014-07-22 2015-07-08 Fuel injector
EP15736450.6A Division-Into EP3172429B1 (en) 2014-07-22 2015-07-08 Fuel injector

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EP3346124A1 EP3346124A1 (en) 2018-07-11
EP3346124B1 true EP3346124B1 (en) 2020-06-17

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JP (1) JP6516386B2 (en)
CN (1) CN106662055B (en)
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US10502172B2 (en) 2019-12-10
US20170268473A1 (en) 2017-09-21
JP2017524864A (en) 2017-08-31
FR3024183B1 (en) 2019-07-26
EP3346124A1 (en) 2018-07-11
WO2016012242A1 (en) 2016-01-28
JP6516386B2 (en) 2019-05-22
CN106662055B (en) 2019-04-23
EP3172429A1 (en) 2017-05-31
EP3172429B1 (en) 2018-06-06
CN106662055A (en) 2017-05-10
FR3024183A1 (en) 2016-01-29

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