EP3436683B1 - Fuel injector - Google Patents
Fuel injector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3436683B1 EP3436683B1 EP17712989.7A EP17712989A EP3436683B1 EP 3436683 B1 EP3436683 B1 EP 3436683B1 EP 17712989 A EP17712989 A EP 17712989A EP 3436683 B1 EP3436683 B1 EP 3436683B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- needle
- injector
- electric
- upper guide
- nozzle body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000031968 Cadaver Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
- F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
- F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/005—Arrangement of electrical wires and connections, e.g. wire harness, sockets, plugs; Arrangement of electronic control circuits in or on fuel injection apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
- F02M51/0635—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding
- F02M51/0642—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding the armature having a valve attached thereto
- F02M51/0653—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding the armature having a valve attached thereto the valve being an elongated body, e.g. a needle valve
- F02M51/0657—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding the armature having a valve attached thereto the valve being an elongated body, e.g. a needle valve the body being hollow and its interior communicating with the fuel flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
- F02M61/12—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type characterised by the provision of guiding or centring means for valve bodies
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
- F02M65/005—Measuring or detecting injection-valve lift, e.g. to determine injection timing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/24—Fuel-injection apparatus with sensors
- F02M2200/245—Position sensors, e.g. Hall sensors
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to the field of fuel injectors and more precisely to an injector equipped with means for detecting the position of the needle.
- a fuel injector conventionally comprises a needle controlled in opening and closing as a function of the pressure prevailing in a control chamber, which pressure is a function of the position of a control solenoid valve. These small movements are carried out at high speed and, the regularly increased performance now requires, for optimal control, feedback on the actual position of the needle.
- Devices are known in which a sensor is arranged on the injector, or even an injector in which certain surfaces of the components of the body are provided with resistive coatings so that an electrical resistance measurement can be carried out between two elements of the injector. .
- the injector comprises resistive surface coatings arranged on a plurality of part contact surfaces, and wherein the overall electrical resistivity of the injector between the body of the solenoid actuator and the body of the injector varies by at least three distinct ohmic values intermittently depending on the kinetics of the injection needle of the injector.
- a difficulty in the proposed systems is related to the complexity and the number of resistive surface coatings on several contact surfaces between the injector parts.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a fuel injector allowing detection of the position of the needle in a simple, robust and inexpensive manner.
- a means for detecting the position of the needle comprises a first electrical connection in contact with the second end of the needle so as to bring it to a predetermined electrical potential.
- the needle is mounted in the nozzle body so that it can move therein while being electrically isolated from the nozzle body, except for the nozzle seat region, so that the needle is in position. electrical contact with the nozzle body only in closed position.
- the needle thus acts as a switch which allows or prohibits the passage of current from the needle head (second end) to the nozzle body, which is generally connected to ground (or fixed at a determined potential, different from the potential of the first electrical connection).
- the only needle position allowing detection current to flow is the closed position PF.
- the injector is designed so that as soon as the needle rises, current no longer flows from the needle to the nozzle body (either directly or indirectly).
- the injector according to the invention has the great advantage of simplicity combined with efficiency. It requires only a minor modification to the injector design, while still allowing access to the fundamental data of the moment of opening and closing of the injector needle, essential for the management of the injector. injection into the engine.
- the top guide is preferably an insert comprising a guide bore for the needle and installed at the inlet of the nozzle body.
- the top guide forms the end piece of the first electrical connection, which allows the needle to be brought to the desired potential; it is assembled with the nozzle body so as to be electrically isolated from the latter.
- the nozzle body, the top guide element, the valve and the actuator are superimposed inside an injector body extending in the axis of the needle, the body nozzle being in electrical contact with the injector body; while the top guide, the valve and the actuator are in electrical contact with each other, but isolated from the injector body.
- control valve body and the actuator body are electrically isolated at their periphery from the injector body.
- This electrical insulation can be done by any suitable means, by putting a coating around the control valve body and the actuator body during their manufacture, by making an internal coating of the injector body, at the appropriate places, or else. adding the insulation when assembling the injector.
- the needle is guided to at least one location on the nozzle body between the top guide and the seat.
- the surfaces of the nozzle body in contact with the needle, called guide surfaces, are advantageously provided with an electrically insulating coating.
- the first electrical connection extends from the top guide to an external electrical connection means, to facilitate the electrical connection of this end of the circuit.
- the connection of the nozzle can be obtained simply by screwing it to a support part connected to ground (or to another potential).
- the first electrical connection can be made by an insulated wire extending from the external electrical connection means to the top guide.
- the first electrical connection is made by an insulated wire extending from the external electrical connection means to the actuator body, and the electrical connection continuing by electrical contact with the valve body and the top guide.
- the first electrical connection is made by an insulated wire extending from the external electrical connection means to the valve body, the electrical connection continuing by electrical contact with the top guide.
- the detection circuit defines an electrical path crossing the first electrical connection with the top guide and the needle, to pass, via the seat to the nozzle body.
- the nozzle seat is coated with a resistive layer having a predetermined resistance, which allows the resistance of the seat contact to be calibrated.
- the figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of the invention relating to a fuel injector 10, here a diesel injector although the invention can be fully transposed to an injector for petrol or any other fuel, the injector 10 generally forming part of a injection system comprising several injectors.
- a fuel injector 10 here a diesel injector although the invention can be fully transposed to an injector for petrol or any other fuel, the injector 10 generally forming part of a injection system comprising several injectors.
- the description will detail the elements of the invention and will remain more succinct and general as regards the surrounding elements.
- the injector 10 extends along a main axis A and comprises, from bottom to top, in the conventional and non-limiting sense of the figures: a nozzle 12 comprising a needle 14 arranged in a nozzle body 16; a top guide element 18; a control valve 20 comprising a valve body 22 in which is arranged a fuel passage with seat and a closure member; an actuator 24 comprising an actuator body 26 accommodating a fixed coil and a movable magnetic armature.
- the control valve 20 and the actuator 24 may be of the conventional type and are therefore not described in detail.
- the nozzle body 16, top guide 18, valve body 22 and actuator body 26 are held integral with each other by any suitable means.
- an injector body 28 in the form of a nut resting on a shoulder of the nozzle body 16 and screwing on the actuator body 26, the valve body 22 being sandwiched between the two. other bodies. It is also possible to have at the top, as is the case here, a separate injector body part, called the injector holder body 28a, accommodating the control valve and the actuator, onto which the body is screwed. injector 28. The injector body is therefore formed by the parts 28 and 28a.
- the nozzle body 16 includes a stepped internal axial bore, extending from an upper end, where it has a large diameter, to a lower end that tapers off to form a tapered nozzle body seat 32. making it possible to control the access of fuel to the injection orifices 34 extending through the conical wall of the nozzle body 16.
- the bore 30 forms, in two places, a bottom cylindrical guide 36 at the bottom. level of which the needle 14 comprises a projecting annular section 38 sliding in the bottom guide 36.
- the passage of the fuel at the level of this bottom guide is made for example through one or more calibrated orifice (s) or groove (s) (straight or helical) in the annular groove 38.
- the guide of the needle 14 in the upper part is obtained by the top guide 18, which is an independent part arranged between the nozzle body 16 and the valve body 22 and held fixed by the assembly of the parts of the injector, in particular by the axial compression exerted by the injector nut.
- the top guide 18 guides the top portion of the needle 14, called the needle head 42, through a guide bore 44.
- the needle head 42 in combination with the valve body 22 and the bore of the needle. guide 44 define a control chamber 46.
- top and bottom are used here not only with reference to the orientation of the figure, but also with reference to the usual name given to these elements by professionals.
- the needle 14 is generally cylindrical and extends axially A between the needle head 42, at the top of the figure, and a pointed end 48, at the bottom of the figure, forming a needle seat 50 cooperating with the seat body 32 nozzle body 16.
- the bottom guide 36 is close to the needle 50 and nozzle body 32 seats.
- the needle 14 is provided with an annular protuberance 52 whose upper face 54, directed towards the needle head 42, provides a bearing surface for a spring 56 urging the needle 14 towards its closed position PF in which the needle point 48 rests on its seat 32 and closes the injection orifices 34.
- the spring 56 is arranged under the top guide 18 and it is compressed against the lower surface 58 of the top guide.
- the injector 10 is more conventionally provided with a fuel circulation circuit which, on the one hand, allows the supply of high pressure fuel via a high pressure circuit 57, from an inlet mouth to the orifices of injection 34 and, on the other hand, recirculation of fuel to a low pressure tank via an internal low pressure circuit (not shown).
- the high pressure circuit comprises in particular a bypass channel (not shown) leading to the control chamber 46, from which the low pressure circuit returns via an evacuation channel (not shown) controlled in opening and closing by the control valve. .
- the coil of the actuator When the coil of the actuator is electrically supplied, it attracts the magnetic armature linked to the shutter member of the control valve, which opens the discharge channel and allows the fuel to be trapped in the control chamber 46 to drain to the low pressure circuit.
- the pressure in the control chamber 46 then drops, and the needle 14 moves through the bore of the nozzle body to a fully open position PO in which the needle seat 50 is moved away from the valve body seat 32, so as to allow the injection of fuel via the injection holes 34, the top of the needle head 42 being in contact with the ceiling surface 59 (constituted by the underside of the valve body 22) of the chamber of command 46.
- the magnetic armature and valve closure member assembly When the actuator is not powered, the magnetic armature and valve closure member assembly is pushed back by a valve spring to a position in which the discharge channel is closed, which retains in the control chamber 46 the high pressure fuel that gets there.
- the pressure in the control chamber 46 then rises and, the needle 14, pushed back by the spring 56 and by the pressure in the control chamber 46, moves to the closed position PF in which the needle seat 50 is in sealed contact against the nozzle body seat 32, thus so as to prohibit the injection of fuel and in which the top of the head of the needle 42 is remote from the ceiling surface 59 of the control chamber 46.
- This operation is well known.
- the injector is equipped with a means for detecting the position of the needle 14.
- the means for detecting the position of the needle 14 comprises an electrical detection circuit with a switch function, the needle 14 of which constitutes the movable contactor.
- the detection circuit makes it possible to carry out an electrical measurement ME between an external electrical connection means of the injector and the mass M (or more generally a different potential) to which the nozzle body 16 and the injector body 28.
- the needle is mounted in the nozzle body 16 so as to be able to move therein while being electrically isolated from the nozzle body 16 with the exception of the region of the body seat 32. nozzle, resp. needle seat 50.
- This requires the use of electrical insulating material as most of the injector parts including nozzle body, needle, top guide, valve body, actuator body and injector body are made of metal. (steel), and therefore conduct electricity.
- the contact surfaces between the needle 14 and the nozzle body 16 are insulated, for example by means of an electrically insulating coating denoted S1, applied to the guide surfaces of the nozzle body.
- an electrically insulating coating denoted S1
- the nozzle body seat 32, the needle seat 50, the head of the nozzle. needle 42 and the guide bore 44 remain electrically conductive and without electrical insulating coating.
- the needle seat 50 comprises a resistive layer (not shown) having a predetermined resistance, which allows the contact resistance value to be calibrated (i.e. when the needle rests on the seat).
- An electrical insulating layer S2 is also provided between the top guide 18 and the nozzle body 16, in order to electrically insulate the top guide from the nozzle body. Since, in the variant presented, the upper face of the top guide 18 is in contact with the valve body 22, insulating layers S3 and S4 are also provided at the periphery of the valve body 22 and of the actuator body 26, it also in contact with the valve body 22.
- the detection circuit for its part comprises a first electrical connection in contact with the upper part 42 of the needle 14 so as to bring it to a predetermined electric potential.
- This first connection is made here to connect the top guide 18 to an external electrical connector (not shown).
- the upper part 42 of the needle 14 is guided by, and in electrical contact with, the upper guide 18, the latter forms the end part of the first electrical connection.
- the first electrical connection is made by means of an insulated electrical wire (not shown) extending from the electrical connector outside the actuator body 26, and the electrical connection is continued by electrical contact with the valve body 22 and the top guide 18.
- an insulated electrical wire can be drawn from the external electrical connector to the valve body 22 or to the top guide 18 (see variant of Fig. 3 ). This electric wire can pass through the respective bodies or at their periphery.
- the arrangement of the parts of the injector in combination with the electrical coatings S1 to S4 therefore makes it possible to define a detection circuit in which the needle is the only movable member and acts as a contact element making it possible to close or open the detection circuit, that is to say to connect, or not, the first electrical connection to ground, depending on whether the needle is in the closed or open position.
- the detection circuit When the needle 14 is in the closed position PF as is the case in figure 1 , the detection circuit is closed. A sensing electric current which is applied at the outer connector can flow through the actuator body 26 and the valve body 22 to the top guide 18, then pass through the needle head 42 towards the tip of the needle. needle 48. Since needle 14 is at PF, needle seat 50 contacts body seat 32. Since this seat region is not electrically isolated, current can flow from needle 14. towards the nozzle body 16, and therefore to the mass. This electrical path is indicated by the thick black line in figure 1 .
- the electrical needle seat contact is interrupted, and the detection circuit opens.
- the nozzle body it is not necessary for the nozzle body to be connected to ground; it can also be set at a given potential. In general, what is desired is a potential difference between the first electrical connection and the nozzle body, in order to be able to detect the needle contact.
- the detection circuit remains open as long as needle 14 is raised, whether in ballistic position or fully open. Indeed, the top guide 18 and the valve body 22 are in electrical contact and at the same potential as the needle. There is no other position of the needle capable of closing the detection circuit to ground. The moment when the needle reaches its fully open position PO, in abutment against the valve body in the control chamber, is not detected.
- the “closed” state of the detection circuit corresponds to the only closed position PF of the needle 14, when it rests on the body seat 32.
- the detection circuit is in the “open” state as long as the needle 14 is raised, partially or totally.
- the open / closed transition of the detection circuit will make it possible to identify the two key moments of actuation of the injector: its opening and its closing.
- a measurement unit is configured to measure the potential difference Vm between the ground of the vehicle and the external connector of the first link, to which a given voltage is applied.
- the figure 2 represents on two superimposed graphs the travel C of the hand 14 and the voltage Vm as a function of time.
- the needle rests on its seat and the detection circuit is closed, allowing current to flow to ground, which results in a zero voltage Vm (indicated level “0” on the graph).
- Vm indicated level “0” on the graph.
- the contact is interrupted and the voltage measured is that applied to the outer connector, which is indicated by a level "1" on the graph.
- Tf The period during which the needle is in PF (zero stroke Lf) is denoted Tf.
- the needle is open during the period T o , during which it reaches the fully open position L o .
- the present injector allows reliable detection of the opening and closing of the injector without major modification of the design.
- the insulating layers S1 to S4 can be produced by any technique and in any suitable material.
- the coatings can for example have a thickness of up to 100 ⁇ m. They can be deposited as a layer on the surfaces concerned, for example by vacuum deposition techniques; or else produced as separate parts which are put in place during assembly.
- the figure 3 relates to another variant in which the first electrical connection is made by means of an insulated electrical wire 60 extending from the external electrical connector to the top guide 18.
- This electrical wire can pass through the respective bodies or at their periphery; more generally, the insulated electric wire is arranged in the upper part of the injector, from the external connector to the upper guide.
- the electric wire 60 comprises a metallic conductor wire 60.1 surrounded by an electrically insulating coating 60.2.
- the wire is guided from the outer connector through the upper part of the injector, passes through a passage 62 arranged in the valve body 22 to arrive in a housing 64 of the upper guide.
- the end of the wire 60 is stripped, so as to establish electrical contact between the external electrical connector and the top guide 18, making it possible to carry the needle 14, by contact with its end 42 , to the desired potential.
- the top guide is compressed between the nozzle body 16 and the valve body 22. But in the present variant, the top guide 18 is electrically isolated from the nozzle body 16 as well as from the valve body 22.
- two pieces of electrically insulating material designated S5 and S6 are installed under the lower and upper face of the top guide 18.
- the part S5 in the general shape of a washer, is therefore located between the underside of the top guide 18 and the shoulder 66 inside the part of the nozzle body 16 which allows the centering and axial locking of the top guide.
- the upper insulating part S6 is at the interface between the upper face of the top guide 18 and the lower face 59 (glass face) of the valve body 22, to electrically isolate them from one another.
- This part S6 can take the form of a disc of electrically insulating material, comprising appropriate holes, in particular for the passage of the wire 60 and the passage of fuel, in particular from the control chamber 46 to the control valve body 22. But the part S6 also ensures the electrical insulation of the needle head 42 with respect to the valve body 22.
- an electrical insulator S7 which surrounds part of the peripheral wall of the guide. top, at the interface with the cylindrical wall 67 of the nozzle body 16 bordering the shoulder 66.
- This layer electrical insulating S7 is preferably produced by a treatment intended to form a deposit of an insulating layer on the part.
- This variant is interesting in terms of the assembly of the injector.
- the insulating coating S7 being produced on the top guide 18, it suffices, during the manufacture of the injector, to position the insulating parts S5 and S6 in order to electrically insulate the top guide 18 from neighboring parts.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne généralement le domaine des injecteurs de carburant et plus précisément un injecteur équipé d'un moyen de détection de la position de l'aiguille.The present invention generally relates to the field of fuel injectors and more precisely to an injector equipped with means for detecting the position of the needle.
Un injecteur de carburant comprend classiquement une aiguille pilotée en ouverture et en fermeture en fonction de la pression régnant dans une chambre de commande, laquelle pression est fonction de la position d'une électrovanne de commande. Ces petits déplacements s'effectuent à grande vitesse et, les performances régulièrement accrues nécessitent maintenant, pour un pilotage optimal, un retour d'information quant à la position réelle de l'aiguille.A fuel injector conventionally comprises a needle controlled in opening and closing as a function of the pressure prevailing in a control chamber, which pressure is a function of the position of a control solenoid valve. These small movements are carried out at high speed and, the regularly increased performance now requires, for optimal control, feedback on the actual position of the needle.
On connait des dispositifs dans lesquels un capteur est agencé sur l'injecteur, voire un injecteur dans lequel certaines surfaces des composants du corps sont pourvues de revêtements résistifs de sorte qu'une mesure de résistance électrique puisse être réalisée entre deux éléments de l'injecteur.Devices are known in which a sensor is arranged on the injector, or even an injector in which certain surfaces of the components of the body are provided with resistive coatings so that an electrical resistance measurement can be carried out between two elements of the injector. .
On citera par exemple le
Ces dispositifs complexes et couteux n'ont pas encore prouvé leur réalisme industriel. Une difficulté dans les systèmes proposés est liée à la complexité et au nombre de revêtements de surface résistifs sur plusieurs surfaces de contact entre les pièces de injecteur.These complex and expensive devices have not yet proven their industrial realism. A difficulty in the proposed systems is related to the complexity and the number of resistive surface coatings on several contact surfaces between the injector parts.
Un autre exemple est donné dans le document
L'objet de la présente invention est de proposer un injecteur de carburant permettant la détection de la position de l'aiguille de manière simple, robuste et peu onéreuse.The object of the present invention is to provide a fuel injector allowing detection of the position of the needle in a simple, robust and inexpensive manner.
La présente invention concerne un injecteur de carburant pour un moteur à combustion interne comprenant :
- une buse d'injection avec un corps dans lequel est agencée une aiguille déplaçable entre une position fermée (PF), dans laquelle une première extrémité de l'aiguille repose sur un siège et obture des orifices d'injection de la buse, et une position ouverte (PO), dans laquelle la première extrémité de l'aiguille est levée de son siège pour permettre l'injection ;
- une chambre de commande remplie, en fonctionnement, de carburant de sorte à exercer une pression sur la deuxième extrémité de l'aiguille ;
- une vanne de commande associée à la chambre de commande permettant de faire varier sélectivement la pression de carburant dans la chambre de commande et ainsi commander un mouvement d'ouverture ou de fermeture de l'aiguille, la vanne de commande étant entrainée par un actionneur ; et
- un guide haut assurant le guidage axial de l'aiguille par sa deuxième extrémité.
- an injection nozzle with a body in which is arranged a needle movable between a closed position (PF), in which a first end of the needle rests on a seat and closes the injection orifices of the nozzle, and a position open (PO), in which the first end of the needle is lifted from its seat to allow injection;
- a control chamber filled, in operation, with fuel so as to exert pressure on the second end of the needle;
- a control valve associated with the control chamber making it possible to selectively vary the fuel pressure in the control chamber and thus control an opening or closing movement of the needle, the control valve being driven by an actuator; and
- a top guide ensuring the axial guidance of the needle by its second end.
Selon l'invention, un moyen de détection de position de l'aiguille comprend une première liaison électrique en contact avec la deuxième extrémité de l'aiguille de sorte à la porter à un potentiel électrique prédéterminé. L'aiguille est montée dans le corps de buse de sorte à pouvoir se déplacer dans celui-ci tout en étant isolée électriquement du corps de buse, à l'exception de la région du siège de buse, de sorte que l'aiguille soit en contact électrique avec le corps de buse uniquement en position fermée. Dans l'invention, l'aiguille joue ainsi un rôle d'interrupteur qui permet ou interdit le passage du courant depuis la tête d'aiguille (deuxième extrémité) vers le corps de buse, qui est généralement relié à la masse (ou fixé à un potentiel déterminé, différent du potentiel de la première liaison électrique). La seule position d'aiguille permettant le passage du courant de détection est la position fermée PF. L'injecteur est conçu de sorte que dès que l'aiguille se lève, le courant ne passe plus de l'aiguille vers le corps de buse (que ce soit directement ou indirectement). Comme il sera explicité ci-après, l'injecteur selon l'invention a le grand avantage de la simplicité combinée à l'efficacité. Il ne nécessite qu'une modification mineure de la conception de l'injecteur, tout en permettant l'accès aux données fondamentales que sont le moment de l'ouverture et de la fermeture de l'aiguille d'injecteur, essentiels pour la gestion de l'injection dans le moteur.According to the invention, a means for detecting the position of the needle comprises a first electrical connection in contact with the second end of the needle so as to bring it to a predetermined electrical potential. The needle is mounted in the nozzle body so that it can move therein while being electrically isolated from the nozzle body, except for the nozzle seat region, so that the needle is in position. electrical contact with the nozzle body only in closed position. In the invention, the needle thus acts as a switch which allows or prohibits the passage of current from the needle head (second end) to the nozzle body, which is generally connected to ground (or fixed at a determined potential, different from the potential of the first electrical connection). The only needle position allowing detection current to flow is the closed position PF. The injector is designed so that as soon as the needle rises, current no longer flows from the needle to the nozzle body (either directly or indirectly). As will be explained below, the injector according to the invention has the great advantage of simplicity combined with efficiency. It requires only a minor modification to the injector design, while still allowing access to the fundamental data of the moment of opening and closing of the injector needle, essential for the management of the injector. injection into the engine.
Le guide haut est préférablement un élément rapporté comprenant un alésage de guidage de l'aiguille et installé à l'entrée du corps de buse. Le guide haut forme la pièce terminale de la première liaison électrique, qui permet de porter l'aiguille au potentiel voulu ; il est assemblé avec le corps de buse de sorte à être isolé électriquement de celui-ci.The top guide is preferably an insert comprising a guide bore for the needle and installed at the inlet of the nozzle body. The top guide forms the end piece of the first electrical connection, which allows the needle to be brought to the desired potential; it is assembled with the nozzle body so as to be electrically isolated from the latter.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le corps de buse, l'élément guide haut, la vanne et l'actionneur sont superposés à l'intérieur d'un corps d'injecteur s'étendant dans l'axe de l'aiguille, le corps de buse étant en contact électrique avec le corps d'injecteur ; alors que le guide haut, la vanne et l'actionneur sont en contact électrique entre eux, mais isolés du corps d'injecteur.According to one embodiment, the nozzle body, the top guide element, the valve and the actuator are superimposed inside an injector body extending in the axis of the needle, the body nozzle being in electrical contact with the injector body; while the top guide, the valve and the actuator are in electrical contact with each other, but isolated from the injector body.
En particulier, le corps de vanne de commande et le corps d'actionneur sont isolés électriquement à leur périphérie par rapport au corps d'injecteur. Cette isolation électrique peut se faire par tout moyen approprié, en mettant un revêtement autour du corps de vanne de commande et du corps d'actionneur lors de leur fabrication, en réalisant un revêtement intérieur du corps d'injecteur, aux endroits appropriés, ou encore en ajoutant l'isolant au moment de l'assemblage de l'injecteur.In particular, the control valve body and the actuator body are electrically isolated at their periphery from the injector body. This electrical insulation can be done by any suitable means, by putting a coating around the control valve body and the actuator body during their manufacture, by making an internal coating of the injector body, at the appropriate places, or else. adding the insulation when assembling the injector.
En général, l'aiguille est guidée en au moins un endroit du corps de buse entre le guide haut et le siège. Les surfaces du corps de buse en contact avec l'aiguille, dites surfaces de guidages, sont avantageusement pourvues d'un revêtement isolant électrique.In general, the needle is guided to at least one location on the nozzle body between the top guide and the seat. The surfaces of the nozzle body in contact with the needle, called guide surfaces, are advantageously provided with an electrically insulating coating.
Alternativement, il est possible d'isoler les surfaces de l'aiguille venant en contact avec les surfaces de guidage du corps de buse.Alternatively, it is possible to isolate the surfaces of the needle coming into contact with the guide surfaces of the nozzle body.
Avantageusement, la première liaison électrique s'étend du guide haut jusqu'à un moyen de connexion électrique extérieur, pour faciliter la connexion électrique de cette extrémité du circuit. Le raccordement de la buse peut s'obtenir simplement par vissage à une pièce de support reliée à la masse (ou à un autre potentiel). La première liaison électrique peut être réalisée par un fil isolé s'étendant du moyen de connexion électrique extérieur au guide haut. Alternativement, la première liaison électrique est réalisée par un fil isolé s'étendant du moyen de connexion électrique extérieur au corps d'actionneur, et la liaison électrique se continuant par contact électrique avec le corps de vanne et le guide haut. Ou encore la première liaison électrique est réalisée par un fil isolé s'étendant du moyen de connexion électrique extérieur au corps de vanne, la liaison électrique se continuant par contact électrique avec le guide haut.Advantageously, the first electrical connection extends from the top guide to an external electrical connection means, to facilitate the electrical connection of this end of the circuit. The connection of the nozzle can be obtained simply by screwing it to a support part connected to ground (or to another potential). The first electrical connection can be made by an insulated wire extending from the external electrical connection means to the top guide. Alternatively, the first electrical connection is made by an insulated wire extending from the external electrical connection means to the actuator body, and the electrical connection continuing by electrical contact with the valve body and the top guide. Or the first electrical connection is made by an insulated wire extending from the external electrical connection means to the valve body, the electrical connection continuing by electrical contact with the top guide.
Ainsi, le circuit de détection définit un chemin électrique traversant la première liaison électrique avec le guide haut et l'aiguille, pour passer, via le siège au corps de buse.Thus, the detection circuit defines an electrical path crossing the first electrical connection with the top guide and the needle, to pass, via the seat to the nozzle body.
De préférence, le siège de buse est revêtu d'une couche résistive ayant une résistance prédéterminée, ce qui permet de calibrer la résistance du contact de siège.Preferably, the nozzle seat is coated with a resistive layer having a predetermined resistance, which allows the resistance of the seat contact to be calibrated.
Reste à noter que bien que la présente invention a été développée dans le cadre d'un injecteur diesel, elle est intégralement transposable à un injecteur d'essence ou de tout autre carburant.It remains to be noted that although the present invention has been developed in the context of a diesel injector, it can be fully transposed to an injector for gasoline or any other fuel.
D'autres particularités et caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront de la description détaillée d'au moins un mode de réalisation avantageux présenté ci-dessous, à titre d'illustration, en se référant aux dessins annexés. Ceux-ci montrent :
-
Figure 1 : une vue en coupe axiale d'un premier mode de réalisation du présent injecteur, l'aiguille étant en position fermée ; -
Figure 2 : deux graphiques illustrant (a) la course de l'aiguille et (b) la tension mesurée en fonction du temps ; et -
Figure 3 : une vue en coupe illustrant en détail l'isolation du guide haut, selon un autre mode de réalisation.
-
Figure 1 : a view in axial section of a first embodiment of the present injector, the needle being in the closed position; -
Figure 2 : two graphs illustrating (a) the travel of the needle and (b) the voltage measured as a function of time; and -
Figure 3 : a sectional view illustrating in detail the insulation of the top guide, according to another embodiment.
La
L'injecteur 10 s'étend selon un axe principal A et comprend, de bas en haut, selon le sens conventionnel et non limitatif des figures : une buse 12 comprenant une aiguille 14 agencée dans un corps de buse 16; un élément guide haut 18 ; une vanne de commande 20 comprenant un corps de vanne 22 dans lequel est agencé un passage de carburant avec siège et un organe d'obturation ; un actionneur 24 comprenant un corps d'actionneur 26 accueillant un bobinage fixe et une armature magnétique mobile. La vanne de commande 20 et l'actionneur 24 peuvent être de type conventionnel et ne sont donc pas décrits en détail. Les corps de buse 16, guide haut 18, corps de vanne 22 et corps d'actionneur 26 sont maintenus solidaires les uns des autres par tous moyens appropriés. Conventionnellement, on peut employer un corps d'injecteur 28 en forme d'un écrou prenant appui sur un épaulement du corps de buse 16 et se vissant sur le corps d'actionneur 26, le corps de vanne 22 étant pris en sandwich entre les deux autres corps. On peut aussi avoir en partie haute, comme c'est ici le cas, un partie de corps d'injecteur distinct, dit corps de porte injecteur 28a, accueillant la vanne de commande et l'actionneur, sur lequel se visse le corps d'injecteur 28. Le corps d'injecteur est donc formé par les pièces 28 et 28a.The
Le corps de buse 16 comprend un alésage axial 30 intérieur étagé, s'étendant depuis une extrémité supérieure, où il a un diamètre large, jusqu'à une extrémité basse se refermant en pointe de sorte à former un siège de corps de buse 32 conique permettant de contrôler l'accès de carburant à des orifices d'injection 34 s'étendant au travers de la paroi conique du corps de buse 16. En partie basse, l'alésage 30 forme, en deux endroits, un guide cylindrique bas 36 au niveau duquel l'aiguille 14 comprend une section annulaire saillante 38 coulissant dans le guide bas 36. Le passage du carburant au niveau de ce guidage bas se fait par exemple par une ou plusieurs orifice(s) calibré(s) ou gorge(s) (droites ou hélicoïdales) dans la saille annulaire 38.The
Le guidage de l'aiguille 14 en partie haute est obtenu par le guide haut 18, qui est une pièce indépendante agencée entre le corps de buse 16 et le corps de vanne 22 et maintenue fixe par l'assemblage des pièces de l'injecteur, notamment par la compression axiale exercée par l'écrou d'injecteur. Le guide haut 18 guide la portion haute de l'aiguille 14, dite tête d'aiguille 42, au travers d'un alésage de guidage 44. La tête d'aiguille 42 en combinaison avec le corps de vanne 22 et l'alésage de guidage 44 définissent une chambre de commande 46.The guide of the
Les termes « haut » et « bas » sont ici utilisés non seulement en référence à l'orientation de la figure, mais également en référence au nom habituel attribué à ces éléments par les professionnels.The terms “top” and “bottom” are used here not only with reference to the orientation of the figure, but also with reference to the usual name given to these elements by professionals.
L'aiguille 14 est globalement cylindrique et s'étend axialement A entre la tête d'aiguille 42, en haut de la figure, et une extrémité pointue 48, en bas de la figure, formant un siège d'aiguille 50 coopérant avec le siège de corps de buse 32 du corps 16.The
Lorsque l'aiguille repose sur le siège de corps de buse 32, elle est en position de fermeture PF, l'injection de carburant via les orifices 34 est empêchée. La levée de l'aiguille 14 est obtenue en ajustant la pression dans la chambre de commande 46, ce qui permet d'amener l'aiguille dans une position d'ouverture totale notée PO (typiquement en butée supérieure), dans laquelle le carburant peut passer vers les orifices d'injection 34.When the needle rests on the
Comme cela est observable, le guide bas 36 est proche des sièges d'aiguille 50 et de corps de buse 32.As can be seen, the
L'aiguille 14 est pourvue d'une protubérance annulaire 52 dont la face supérieure 54, dirigée vers la tête d'aiguille 42, fournit une surface d'appui pour un ressort 56 sollicitant l'aiguille 14 vers sa position fermée PF dans laquelle la pointe d'aiguille 48 repose sur son siège 32 et obture les orifices d'injection 34. Le ressort 56 est agencé sous le guide haut 18 et il est comprimé contre la surface inférieure 58 du guide haut.The
L'injecteur 10 est de plus classiquement pourvu d'un circuit de circulation du carburant qui, d'une part, permet l'amenée du carburant haute pression via un circuit haute pression 57, depuis une bouche d'entrée jusqu'aux orifices d'injection 34 et, d'autre part la recirculation de carburant vers un réservoir basse pression via un circuit interne basse pression (non montré). Le circuit haute pression comprend notamment un canal de dérivation (non montré) conduisant à la chambre de commande 46, d'où repart le circuit basse pression via un canal d'évacuation (non montré) contrôlé en ouverture et fermeture par la vanne de commande. Lorsque le bobinage de l'actionneur est électriquement alimenté, il attire l'armature magnétique liée à l'organe d'obturation de la vanne de commande, ce qui ouvre le canal d'évacuation et permet au carburant prisonnier de la chambre de commande 46 de s'évacuer vers le circuit basse pression. La pression dans la chambre de commande 46 baisse alors, et l'aiguille 14 se déplace dans l'alésage du corps de buse vers une position entièrement ouverte PO dans laquelle le siège d'aiguille 50 est éloigné du siège 32 de corps de vanne, de sorte à permettre l'injection de carburant via les trous d'injection 34, le sommet de la tête d'aiguille 42 étant en contact avec la surface plafond 59 (constituée par la face inférieure du corps de vanne 22) de la chambre de commande 46.The
Lorsque l'actionneur n'est pas alimenté, l'ensemble armature magnétique et organe d'obturation de vanne est repoussé par un ressort de vanne vers une position dans laquelle le canal d'évacuation est fermé ce qui retient dans la chambre de commande 46 le carburant haute pression qui y arrive. La pression dans la chambre de commande 46 remonte alors et, l'aiguille 14, repoussée par le ressort 56 et par la pression dans la chambre de commande 46, se déplace vers la position fermée PF dans laquelle le siège d'aiguille 50 est en contact étanche contre le siège de corps de buse 32, de sorte à interdire l'injection de carburant et dans laquelle le sommet de la tête de l'aiguille 42 est éloigné de la surface plafond 59 de la chambre de commande 46. Ce fonctionnement est bien connu.When the actuator is not powered, the magnetic armature and valve closure member assembly is pushed back by a valve spring to a position in which the discharge channel is closed, which retains in the
Afin de déterminer avec précision le moment de l'ouverture et de fermeture de l'aiguille 14, l'injecteur est équipé d'un moyen de détection de la position de l'aiguille 14.In order to precisely determine the moment of opening and closing of the
On appréciera que le moyen de détection de la position de l'aiguille 14 comprend un circuit de détection électrique avec une fonction interrupteur dont l'aiguille 14 constitue le contacteur mobile.It will be appreciated that the means for detecting the position of the
Dans la réalisation présentée, le circuit de détection permet de réaliser une mesure électrique ME entre un moyen de connexion électrique extérieur de l'injecteur et la masse M (ou plus généralement un potentiel différent) à laquelle sont reliés le corps de buse 16 et le corps d'injecteur 28.In the embodiment presented, the detection circuit makes it possible to carry out an electrical measurement ME between an external electrical connection means of the injector and the mass M (or more generally a different potential) to which the
On notera tout d'abord que l'aiguille est montée dans le corps de buse 16 de sorte à pouvoir se déplacer dans celui-ci tout en étant isolée électriquement du corps de buse 16 à l'exception de la région du siège 32 de corps de buse, resp. siège d'aiguille 50. Cela nécessite l'usage de matériau isolant électrique car la plupart des pièces de l'injecteur, notamment corps de buse, aiguille, guide haut, corps de vanne corps d'actionneur et corps d'injecteur sont en métal (acier), et donc conduisent l'électricité.Note first that the needle is mounted in the
Pour ce faire, les surfaces de contact entre l'aiguille 14 et le corps de buse 16 sont isolées, par exemple au moyen d'un revêtement isolant électrique noté S1, appliqué sur les surfaces de guidage du corps de buse. Alternativement, on pourrait appliquer des revêtements isolants sur l'aiguille 14, au niveau des zones de contact avec le corps de buse 16. Par contre, le siège de corps de buse 32, le siège d'aiguille 50, la tête de l'aiguille 42 et l'alésage de guidage 44 restent conducteurs électrique et dépourvus de revêtement isolant électrique. Avantageusement, le siège d'aiguille 50 comprend une couche résistive (non montrée) ayant une résistance prédéterminée, ce qui permet de calibrer la valeur de résistance de contact (c'est-à-dire quand l'aiguille repose sur le siège). Une couche isolante électrique S2 est également prévue entre le guide haut 18 et le corps de buse 16, afin d'isoler électriquement le guide haut du corps de buse. Puisque, dans la variante présentée, la face supérieure du guide haut 18 est en contact avec le corps de vanne 22, on prévoit encore des couches isolantes S3 et S4 à la périphérie du corps de vanne 22 et du corps d'actionneur 26, lui aussi en contact avec le corps de vanne 22.To do this, the contact surfaces between the
Le circuit de détection quant à lui comprend une première liaison électrique en contact avec la partie haute 42 de l'aiguille 14 de sorte à la porter à un potentiel électrique prédéterminé. Cette première liaison est ici réalisée pour relier le guide haut 18 à un connecteur électrique extérieur (non montré). Comme la partie haute 42 de l'aiguille 14 est guidée par, et en contact électrique avec, le guide haut 18, celui-ci forme la partie terminale de la première liaison électrique.The detection circuit for its part comprises a first electrical connection in contact with the
Dans la
L'agencement des pièces de l'injecteur en combinaison avec les revêtements électriques S1 à S4 permet donc de définir un circuit de détection dans lequel l'aiguille est le seul organe mobile et joue le rôle d'élément contacteur permettant de fermer ou d'ouvrir le circuit de détection, c'est-à-dire de relier, ou pas, la première liaison électrique à la masse, selon que l'aiguille est en position fermée ou ouverte.The arrangement of the parts of the injector in combination with the electrical coatings S1 to S4 therefore makes it possible to define a detection circuit in which the needle is the only movable member and acts as a contact element making it possible to close or open the detection circuit, that is to say to connect, or not, the first electrical connection to ground, depending on whether the needle is in the closed or open position.
Lorsque l'aiguille 14 est en position fermée PF comme c'est le cas en
Comme on le comprendra, dès que l'aiguille 14 se lève lors de l'actionnement en vue d'une injection, le contact électrique de siège d'aiguille est interrompu, et le circuit de détection s'ouvre.As will be understood, as soon as the
On notera ici qu'il n'est pas nécessaire que le corps de buse soit relié à la masse ; on peut aussi le fixer à un potentiel donné. De manière générale, ce que l'on souhaite c'est une différence de potentiel entre la première liaison électrique et le corps de buse, afin de pouvoir détecter le contact d'aiguille.It will be noted here that it is not necessary for the nozzle body to be connected to ground; it can also be set at a given potential. In general, what is desired is a potential difference between the first electrical connection and the nozzle body, in order to be able to detect the needle contact.
Le circuit de détection reste ouvert tant que l'aiguille 14 est levée, que ce soit en position balistique ou complètement ouverte. En effet, le guide haut 18 et le corps de vanne 22 sont en contact électrique et au même potentiel que l'aiguille. Il n'y a pas d'autre position de l'aiguille susceptible de fermer le circuit de détection à la masse. On ne détecte pas le moment où l'aiguille atteint sa position entièrement ouverte PO, en butée contre le corps de vanne dans la chambre de commande.The detection circuit remains open as long as
Ainsi, l'état « fermé » du circuit de détection correspond à la seule position fermée PF de l'aiguille 14, lorsqu'elle repose sur le siège de corps 32. Le circuit de détection est dans l'état « ouvert » tant que l'aiguille 14 est levée, partiellement ou totalement.Thus, the “closed” state of the detection circuit corresponds to the only closed position PF of the
Comme il sera compris de l'homme du métier, la transition ouvert/fermé du circuit de détection va permettre d'identifier les deux moments clés de l'actionnement de l'injecteur : son ouverture et sa fermeture.As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the open / closed transition of the detection circuit will make it possible to identify the two key moments of actuation of the injector: its opening and its closing.
Pour les besoins de la détection, une unité de mesure est configurée pour mesurer de la différence de potentiel Vm entre la masse du véhicule et le connecteur extérieur de la première liaison, auquel on applique une tension donnée.For the purposes of detection, a measurement unit is configured to measure the potential difference Vm between the ground of the vehicle and the external connector of the first link, to which a given voltage is applied.
La
La période pendant laquelle l'aiguille est en PF (course nulle Lf) est notée Tf. L'aiguille est ouverte pendant la période To, au cours de laquelle elle atteint la position d'ouverture complète Lo.The period during which the needle is in PF (zero stroke Lf) is denoted Tf. The needle is open during the period T o , during which it reaches the fully open position L o .
La transition Vm=0 à Vm=1 indique donc le moment où l'aiguille quitte son siège, donc le début de l'ouverture de l'aiguille. La transition Vm=1 à Vm=0 indique le moment où l'aiguille revient sur son siège, donc la fermeture de l'aiguille.The transition Vm = 0 to Vm = 1 therefore indicates the moment when the needle leaves its seat, therefore the beginning of the opening of the needle. The transition Vm = 1 to Vm = 0 indicates the moment when the needle returns to its seat, therefore the closing of the needle.
On appréciera que le présent injecteur permet une détection fiable de l'ouverture et la fermeture de l'injecteur sans modification majeure de la conception.It will be appreciated that the present injector allows reliable detection of the opening and closing of the injector without major modification of the design.
Les couches isolantes S1 à S4 peuvent être réalisées par toutes techniques et dans tous matériaux appropriés. Les revêtements peuvent par exemple avoir une épaisseur jusqu'à 100 µm. Ils peuvent être déposés en couche sur les surfaces concernées, par exemple par des techniques de dépôt sous vide ; ou bien réalisés comme pièces séparées qui sont mises en place lors du montage.The insulating layers S1 to S4 can be produced by any technique and in any suitable material. The coatings can for example have a thickness of up to 100 μm. They can be deposited as a layer on the surfaces concerned, for example by vacuum deposition techniques; or else produced as separate parts which are put in place during assembly.
La
Comme on le voit sur la
Comme dans la variante de la
Pour ce faire, dans le mode de réalisation de la
La pièce isolante supérieure S6 est à l'interface entre la face supérieure du guide haut 18 et la face inférieure 59 (face de glace) du corps de vanne 22, pour les isoler électriquement l'une de l'autre. Cette pièce S6 peut prendre la forme d'un disque en matière isolante électrique, comprenant des perçages appropriés, notamment pour le passage du fil 60 et le passage de carburant, en particulier de la chambre de commande 46 vers le corps de vanne de commande 22. Mais la pièce S6 assure aussi l'isolation électrique de la tête d'aiguille 42 vis-à-vis du corps de vanne 22. On notera encore la présence d'un isolant électrique S7 qui entoure une partie de la paroi périphérique du guide haut, à l'interface avec la paroi cylindrique 67 du corps de buse 16 bordant l'épaulement 66. Cette couche isolante électrique S7 est de préférence réalisée par un traitement destiné à former un dépôt de couche isolante sur la pièce.The upper insulating part S6 is at the interface between the upper face of the
Cette variante est intéressante au niveau de l'assemblage de l'injecteur. Le revêtement isolant S7 étant réalisé sur le guide haut 18, il suffit, lors de la fabrication de l'injecteur, de positionner les pièces isolantes S5 et S6 pour isoler électriquement le guide haut 18 des pièces voisines.This variant is interesting in terms of the assembly of the injector. The insulating coating S7 being produced on the
Claims (10)
- Fuel injector for an internal combustion engine, comprising:an injection nozzle (12) with a body (16), in which a needle (14) is arranged that can be moved between a closed position (CP), in which a first end (48) of the needle (14) rests on a seat (32) and seals injection openings (34) of the nozzle, and an open position (OP), in which the first end (48) of the needle (14) is lifted from the seat (32) thereof in order to allow the injection;a control chamber (46) filled, during operation, with fuel so as to exert pressure on the second end (42) of the needle (14);a control valve (20) associated with the control chamber (46) allowing the fuel pressure in the control chamber (46) to be selectively varied and thus control an opening or closing movement of the needle (14), the control valve (20) being driven by an actuator (24);an upper guide (18) guiding the needle (14) axially by the second end (42) thereof;means for detecting the position of the needle (14), comprising a first electric link in contact with the second end (42) of the needle (14) so as to bring said needle to a predetermined electric potential;the needle (14) being mounted in the nozzle body (16) so as to be able to move therein while being electrically isolated from the nozzle body (16), except for the region of the nozzle body seat (32), so that the needle (14) is in electric contact with the nozzle body (16) only in the closed position,characterized in that the only needle position that allows passage of detection current is the closed position (CP).
- Injector according to Claim 1, wherein the upper guide (18) is an added element installed at the inlet of the nozzle body (16) and electrically isolated therefrom, the upper guide (18) forming the terminal part of the first electric link.
- Injector according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein the first electric link extends from the upper guide (18) to an external electric connection means.
- Injector according to Claim 2 or Claim 3, wherein
the nozzle body (16), the upper guide (18), the valve (20) and the actuator (24) are superposed inside an injector body (28) extending along the axis of the needle (14), the nozzle body (16) being in electric contact with the injector body (28);
the upper guide (18), the valve (20) and the actuator (24) are in mutual electric contact, but are isolated from the injector body (28, 28a). - Injector according to Claim 4, wherein a control valve body (22) and an actuator body (26) are electrically isolated at their periphery relative to the injector body (28, 28a).
- Injector according to Claim 3, wherein the first electric link is completed by an insulated conductor wire extending from the external electric connection means to the upper guide (18), the upper guide preferably being compressed between the nozzle body and the valve body and electrically isolated therefrom.
- Injector according to Claim 3 and Claim 5, wherein the first electric link is completed by an insulated conductor wire extending from the external electric connection means to the actuator body (26), and the electric link continues through electric contact with the valve body (22) and the upper guide (18); or
the first electric link is completed by an insulated conductor wire extending from the external electric connection means to the valve body (22), the electric link continuing through electric contact with the upper guide (18). - Injector according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the nozzle body (16) comprises surfaces for guiding the needle between the upper guide (18) and the seat (32), said guiding surfaces (S1, S2) being provided with an electric insulating coating.
- Injector according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the detection circuit defines an electric path passing through the first electric link with the upper guide (18) and the needle (14) in order to pass, via the seat (32), to the nozzle body (16).
- Injector according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the seat (32) is coated with a resistive layer having a predetermined resistance.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1652872A FR3049657B1 (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2016-04-01 | FUEL INJECTOR |
FR1653083 | 2016-04-07 | ||
PCT/EP2017/056890 WO2017167627A1 (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2017-03-22 | Fuel injector |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3436683A1 EP3436683A1 (en) | 2019-02-06 |
EP3436683B1 true EP3436683B1 (en) | 2020-12-02 |
Family
ID=58401578
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17712989.7A Revoked EP3436683B1 (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2017-03-22 | Fuel injector |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20190120188A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3436683B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR102268855B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN109196211A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017167627A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102018101351A1 (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2019-07-25 | Liebherr-Components Deggendorf Gmbh | Seat plate for an injector and method for producing such a seat plate |
GB2570663A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2019-08-07 | Delphi Automotive Systems Lux | Fuel Injector For An Internal Combustion Engine |
GB2576146B (en) | 2018-08-01 | 2021-06-02 | Delphi Tech Ip Ltd | Fuel injector with closed loop detection |
FR3089564B1 (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2023-01-27 | Delphi Tech Ip Ltd | Discharge device of a switch |
US11067028B2 (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2021-07-20 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel injector |
FR3092625B1 (en) * | 2019-02-07 | 2021-04-16 | Delphi Tech Ip Ltd | Top guide assembly |
GB2585064B (en) | 2019-06-27 | 2021-11-10 | Delphi Tech Ip Ltd | Fuel injector with closed loop detection |
DE102019121538A1 (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2021-02-11 | Liebherr-Components Deggendorf Gmbh | Seat plate for an injector and method for producing such a seat plate |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4066059A (en) | 1976-01-02 | 1978-01-03 | Texaco Inc. | Fuel injection nozzle valve and ignition system |
DE3506978A1 (en) | 1984-02-28 | 1985-09-12 | Diesel Kiki Co. Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo | VALVE UNIT |
WO2002016757A1 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2002-02-28 | Volvo Lastvagnar Ab | Needle position sensing device |
WO2005021958A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 | 2005-03-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Injection valve with a capacitive valve lift sensor |
DE102005049259B3 (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2007-01-04 | Siemens Ag | Valve device, especially injection valve for internal combustion engine, has electrically conducting valve body, electrically insulated integrated conducting valve needle guide in valve body that forms contact switch(es) with valve body |
DE102011016168A1 (en) | 2011-04-05 | 2012-10-11 | L'orange Gmbh | Fuel injector for internal combustion engine, has nozzle body, within which valve needle of valve of fuel injector is longitudinal displaceably received, where valve partner is formed in form of valve seat of valve |
WO2016008640A1 (en) | 2014-07-15 | 2016-01-21 | Delphi International Operations Luxembourg S.À R.L. | Fuel injector |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10313623A1 (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-10-21 | Siemens Ag | Contacting device for an injector of an injection system for fuel injection and injector with a contacting device |
US7735751B2 (en) * | 2006-01-23 | 2010-06-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic liquid delivery device |
FR3013080A1 (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2015-05-15 | Delphi Technologies Holding | FUEL INJECTOR |
FR3024183B1 (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2019-07-26 | Delphi Technologies Ip Limited | FUEL INJECTOR |
-
2017
- 2017-03-22 KR KR1020187031528A patent/KR102268855B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2017-03-22 CN CN201780032016.2A patent/CN109196211A/en active Pending
- 2017-03-22 WO PCT/EP2017/056890 patent/WO2017167627A1/en active Application Filing
- 2017-03-22 EP EP17712989.7A patent/EP3436683B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2017-03-22 US US16/090,389 patent/US20190120188A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4066059A (en) | 1976-01-02 | 1978-01-03 | Texaco Inc. | Fuel injection nozzle valve and ignition system |
DE3506978A1 (en) | 1984-02-28 | 1985-09-12 | Diesel Kiki Co. Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo | VALVE UNIT |
WO2002016757A1 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2002-02-28 | Volvo Lastvagnar Ab | Needle position sensing device |
WO2005021958A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 | 2005-03-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Injection valve with a capacitive valve lift sensor |
DE102005049259B3 (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2007-01-04 | Siemens Ag | Valve device, especially injection valve for internal combustion engine, has electrically conducting valve body, electrically insulated integrated conducting valve needle guide in valve body that forms contact switch(es) with valve body |
DE102011016168A1 (en) | 2011-04-05 | 2012-10-11 | L'orange Gmbh | Fuel injector for internal combustion engine, has nozzle body, within which valve needle of valve of fuel injector is longitudinal displaceably received, where valve partner is formed in form of valve seat of valve |
WO2016008640A1 (en) | 2014-07-15 | 2016-01-21 | Delphi International Operations Luxembourg S.À R.L. | Fuel injector |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR102268855B1 (en) | 2021-06-28 |
CN109196211A (en) | 2019-01-11 |
WO2017167627A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 |
EP3436683A1 (en) | 2019-02-06 |
KR20180122738A (en) | 2018-11-13 |
US20190120188A1 (en) | 2019-04-25 |
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