EP3346054A1 - Tension clamp and rail fastening system for fastening railway rails - Google Patents

Abstract

Clamp (1) and rail fastening system for releasably securing a rail (2) to a rail surface. The tension clamp (1) has a central portion for tensioning the tension clamp (1) on a base, which is preferably an angle guide plate (4), by means of a tightening screw (5) and an outer portion having a rail holding portion (70) which in the assembled state of the tension clamp (1) exerts a holding force on the rail (2), wherein the tension clamp (1) is arranged such that in the mounted state the tensioning screw (5) exerts a clamping force on the middle section at at least one point of force application , and the central portion further comprises at least one support point (14, 24) in the mounted state of the tension clamp (1) is in contact with the base, the position of which differs from that of the force application point in a projection perpendicular to the clamping force and relative to Force application point has no lateral offset.

Description

technical area

The invention relates to a tension clamp and a rail fastening system for releasably securing a rail on a rail surface, preferably a railway sleeper.

Background of the invention

To attach a railroad track on a railway sleeper (analogous to another suitable rail surface) tension clamps are used. Clamps are usually bent steel springs that press the rail rail on the threshold in the assembled state. The clamping force of the tension clamp is designed so that welded rails are held in position even in case of a break and form as possible no gaps between abutting rails.

The tension clamp is part of an electrically insulated rail fastening system which typically has per threshold or attachment point: tension clamps, angled guide plates forming a rail channel, turnbuckles to which the tension clamps are bolted and anchored in threaded bolts embedded in the sill, and rail pads below the two rails, which allow an elastic sinking of the rails.

For installation, the rail fastening system is preassembled on the threshold, wherein the clamps are initially in a preassembly position in which they are pre-stressed with a certain torque. For final assembly, the clamps are slid out of the preassembly position toward the rail so that a rail holding portion of the clamp presses on the rail foot and tightened with the torque for final assembly. For automated assembly, it is important that a simple sliding of the tension clamp by means of a slide without prior loosening of the clamping screw can be done.

The FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a tension clamp 100 according to the prior art. The tension clamp 100 has a central portion formed by two parallel inner arms 110 and 120 which transition into torsion portions 130 and 140 in a continuous and arcuate manner. In the further course, the two strands are bent onto a common connecting arm 150, which presses in the mounted state on the rail foot, whereby the rail is braced. The tension clamp 100 is bent in a W shape.

In the example of FIG. 1 are the two inner arms 110, 120 at their sides facing the rail (top in the FIG. 1 ) not connected. A deviating, nonetheless W-shaped bent clamp comes from the EP 2 410 090 A1 out. This has two inner arms, which are connected at their sides facing the rail to form a loop.

Due to the curved W-shape of the tension clamp a spring-elastic holding force required to hold down the rail is generated. Furthermore, further safety aspects are realized: While the rail with the two highly elastic outer spring arms is held down, the middle section serves as an additional anti-tipper, which is activated upon reaching a certain force and prevents tilting of the rail and a lifting of the rail from the threshold. In addition, the tension clamp adapts to any deformations of the track bed occurring over time due to the spring travel. As a result, a track equipped with tension clamps does not require regular tightening of the tensioning screws.

The tension clamp 100 according to the FIG. 1 has for attachment and bracing outer bearing points 131 and 141 in the region of the vertices of the torsion portions 130 and 140. The outer support points are in the assembled state with an angle guide plate (not shown) in contact and are based on the tension on this. Furthermore, the inner arms 110 and 120 have inner bearing points 111 and 121 for the clamping screw (not shown). Between the inner and outer support points 111, 121, 131, 141, ie between the support points of the tension clamp 100 and the force application points for the clamping screw, in each case there is a lateral offset L in the direction along the mounted rail. Due to this lateral offset L, not only a bending moment occurs in the case of the load on the tension clamp 100, but also a torsional moment on the inner arms 110 and 120. In other words, the inner arms 110 and 120 are at the tension of the tension clamp 100, respectively subjected to a rotation about its own axis. This leads to increased wear both on the clamp 100 itself and on the clamping screw.

Presentation of the invention

An object of the invention is to provide a tension clamp and a rail fastening system for releasably securing a rail to a rail surface with improved reliability.

The object is achieved with a tension clamp with the features of claim 1, and a rail fastening system with the features of claim 12. Advantageous developments follow from the dependent claims, the following description of the invention and the description of preferred embodiments.

The tension clamp according to the invention serves for releasably securing a rail to a rail surface. The rail substrate is preferably a railway sleeper, but may be another suitable rail pad. The tension clamp is preferably a spring element for frictional-elastic holding the rail on the rail surface. The tension clamp is, apart from a possible coating (described below), preferably made in one piece, for example made of steel.

The tension clamp has a central portion for tensioning the tension clamp on a base. The pad preferably comprises an angled guide plate which can be introduced, for example, in a recess of the rail substrate designed for this purpose. The middle section of the tensioning clamp can be braced by means of a tensioning screw, which for this purpose preferably cooperates with a dowel inserted into a corresponding opening in the base. The tension clamp further includes an outer portion having a rail holding portion which exerts a holding force on the rail in the assembled state of the tension clamp. Preferably, the rail has a rail foot, which is a widened in the region of the rail surface portion of the rail. In this case, the tension is such that the rail holding portion presses in the mounted state of the tension clamp on the rail. The tension clamp is arranged such that in the assembled state the tensioning screw exerts a tensioning force on the middle portion at at least one force application point. The clamping force is essentially Directed in the direction of gravity down, even if deviations are possible by an intended, usually small inclination of the clamping screw. It is therefore assumed that the clamping force in the assembled state of the tension clamp is oriented substantially vertically. By exerting the clamping force thus defined, the tension clamp is fastened to the base on the one hand and, on the other hand, there is an elastic deformation of the tension clamp, which results in a frictionally elastic holding of the rail.

According to the invention, the middle section further comprises at least one support point, which is in contact with the base in the mounted state of the tension clamp. In other words, at the contact point, the tension clamp is braced against the base for tension. Here, a support point is meant that is not directly on the clamping screw, i. the position of the support point differs from that of the point of application of force in a projection perpendicular to the clamping force, i. in a plan view of the tension clamp. Between the support point and the force application point, the middle section is preferably "free", i. does not rely on the pad in a manner that will contribute to deformation of the clip. Furthermore, the support point has no lateral offset relative to the force application point by the clamping screw. The term "laterally" refers to a direction along the extension of the rail in the mounted state. In other words, the force application point and the support point are located substantially in a plane that is perpendicular to the extension direction of the rail.

Since the support point has no lateral offset relative to the force application point of the clamping screw, no tension or a significantly reduced torsional moment acts on the middle section during tensioning of the tensioning clamp. In other words, the middle section is not a rotation about its own axis exposed. This leads to an improved wear behavior of both the clamp and the clamping screw.

Preferably, the tension clamp has no support point, which is in contact with the base in the assembled state of the tension clamp and has a lateral offset relative to the force application point. In this way, inner torsional moments of the central portion can be minimized.

Preferably, the outer portion has at least one torsion portion connecting the central portion to the rail support portion, extending laterally from the central portion (as defined above) and having no support point with the support. The torsion portion is at least a part of an elastic connection between the middle portion and the rail holding portion, whereby the above-described frictional-elastic support can be realized. By not having a support point with the pad, torsional moments of the central portion of the tension clamp can be effectively reduced.

The point of support is also referred to below as the second point of support. Preferably, the central portion has at least one further support point, which is referred to as a first support point, in the mounted state of the tension clamp in contact with the substrate and is in a projection perpendicular to the clamping force at the position of the force application point, so that the first support point and the second support point relative to each other have no offset. The first point of contact is in the assembled state in the area of the clamping screw. The first bearing point is preferably formed by the middle section of the tensioning clamp being pressed onto the base at this point by tightening the tensioning screw. In this way, with stable and reliable mountability, internal torsional moments of the middle portion of the tension clamp can be effectively reduced.

Preferably, the central portion has two inner arms which extend in a straight line parallel and in a projection perpendicular to the clamping force, the two inner arms each having a force application point (in the sense defined above) and at least one bearing point which is not relative to the associated force application point has lateral offset. The projected direction of extension of the two inner arms is in the assembled state of the tension clamp preferably perpendicular to the extension direction of the rail. The construction of the clamp can be simplified by means of two inner arms, since they can be bent, preferably in a mirror-symmetrical manner, in order to form the outer section in their further course.

Preferably, the two inner arms each have a first support point and a second support point, which have no lateral offset relative to each other. In the mounted state of the tension clamp, the two first points of support are in the position of force application points of the clamping screw, in a projection perpendicular to the clamping force. The first two points of contact are in the area of the clamping screw. The first support points are preferably formed by the fact that the two inner arms are pressed at these points by tightening the clamping screw on the pad. In this way, with stable and reliable mountability, internal torsional moments of the middle portion of the tension clamp can be effectively reduced.

Preferably, the two inner arms are bent in the region of the respective (second) support point in a plane perpendicular to the extension direction of the rail, preferably bent in an S-shape. By bending the two inner arms, the non-positive elastic functionality of the clamp can be realized in a constructive and production technology simple way.

Preferably, the outer portion has two torsion portions which respectively extend laterally from an associated inner arm and connect the inner arms to the rail holding portion. The one inner arm and the associated torsion portion are in this case preferably mirror-symmetrical to the other inner arm and associated torsion portion, relative to a mirror plane which is perpendicular to the extension direction of the rail. The Torsionsabschnitte are preferably made by bending the inner arms (more precisely, their extension), whereby the non-positive elastic functionality of the clamp can be realized in a constructive and manufacturing technology simple manner.

Preferably, the two inner arms each have an inner end on the rail side. By this is meant that the two inner arms are not interconnected at their sides facing the rail, i. do not form a loop, but end. The two inner arms are at most connected to each other via the outer portion according to this embodiment. Preferably, the rail holding portion has a connecting arm which connects the two inner arms with each other.

A detailed and preferred embodiment of a tension clamp based on a bent steel strand has the following structure (viewed in a plan view, ie, a projection perpendicular to the tension force). Starting from the inner end of one of the two inner arms, the inner arm extends along one Direction leading away from a clamped rail. The inner arm is followed by a torsion section, which laterally outwardly curves past a vertex and continues to fold over into an outer arm which preferably does not recirculate exactly parallel but approximately in the direction of the inner arm beyond the inner end and on to one outer deflection point merges into the connecting arm. Of the Connecting arm runs parallel to the rail in the mounted state of the tension clamp and presses on a rail foot in order to clamp the rail. Similar to the flank of one inner arm, the other inner arm extends from the other inner end along a direction away from the clamped rail. The other inner arm is adjoined by a further torsion section, which laterally outwardly passes through a vertex and continues, bent over, into another outer arm, which preferably does not return exactly parallel but approximately in the direction of the inner arm beyond the inner end and merges into the connecting arm at a further outer deflection point. The structure, in particular the two deflection points and the two vertexes in the projection perpendicular to the clamping force, preferably in the form of a trapezoid. Preferably, the two flanks are mirror-symmetrical.

Preferably, the tension clamp is at least partially surrounded by an insulating material, preferably plastic, preferably encapsulated. Characterized in that the support point (analogous to several support points) is performed without eccentricity or offset, in addition to the technical effects set out above, the movement of the central portion of the clamp during clamping is minimized. This helps ensure that such insulation is reliable and durable. Due to the improved insulation with significantly increased electrical resistance, which is made possible in a synergetic way by the arrangement of the support point (analogous multiple support points), the tension clamp and a rail fastening system equipped with it is particularly well suited for covered tracks, which are used primarily in local traffic. Background is the increased stray current problem in this area. In addition, the rail fastening system (with and without additional insulation) is particularly flat executable, so that any overlying asphalt surface can be provided particularly thick and stable. Due to the large contact surface of the tension clamp on the rail foot, for example, by the Connecting arm is ensured, an insulator portion can be realized as part of the above-mentioned insulation between the rail and the tension clamp without much wear. It can be distinguished between a first insulation of the tension clamp to the clamping screw and a second insulation of the tension clamp to the rail, which can be constructed differently, in particular different mechanical and / or electrical requirements can satisfy.

The rail fastening system according to the invention is provided for releasably securing a rail to a rail surface. The rail fastening system comprises a tensioning screw and a tensioning clamp as described above. The middle section of the tensioning clamp is screwed and clamped on a base by means of the tensioning screw such that the rail holding section exerts a holding force on the rail, wherein the tensioning screw exerts a clamping force on the middle section at at least one point of force application, the contact point is in contact with the base in that the position of the bearing point differs from that of the point of application of force in a projection perpendicular to the clamping force and the bearing point has no lateral offset relative to the force application point.

The features, technical effects, advantages, and embodiments described in relation to the tension clamp apply analogously to the rail fastening system.

Preferably, the pad and / or the tension clamp on means for lateral displacement of the tension clamp. For example, the pad on a groove portion or a groove plate which cooperates in a toothed manner with the tension clamp to realize a horizontal adjustability of the tension clamp along the rail.

Further advantages and features of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments. The features described therein may be implemented alone or in combination with one or more of the features set forth above insofar as the features do not conflict. The following description of the preferred embodiments is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Short description of characters

• The FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a tension clamp according to the prior art.
• The FIG. 2 is a perspective schematic view of a tension clamp with improved support characteristic.
• The FIGS. 3a to 3c are various schematic views of the tension clamp according to the FIG. 2 , where the FIG. 3a a plan view, the FIG. 3b a side perspective view (viewed from the rail side) and the Figure 3c is a side view.
• The FIG. 4 Figure 11 is a plan view schematically showing a rail-mounted rail fastening system.
• The FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of the rail fastening system according to the FIG. 4 ,
• The FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view showing a section of the rail fastening system according to the FIG. 4 shows.

Detailed description of preferred embodiments

In the following, preferred embodiments will be described with reference to the figures. In this case, identical, similar or equivalent elements in the figures are provided with identical reference numerals, and a repetitive description of these elements is partially omitted in order to avoid redundancies.

The FIG. 2 is a perspective schematic view of a tension clamp 1, which is a spring element made of a bent steel strand. Further views of the tension clamp 1 according to this embodiment will be apparent from the Figures 3a, 3b and 3c out. The tension clamp 1 has a central portion formed by two inner arms 10 and 20, and an outer portion consisting of two torsion portions 30 and 40, two outer arms 50 and 60 and a connecting arm 70, the two outer arms 50, 60 connects, is constructed. The connecting arm 70 is an example of a rail holding portion that exerts a holding force on the rail to be mounted in the assembled state of the tension clamp 1.

The various sections of the tension clamp 1, according to the present embodiment, merge into one another in a continuous and curved manner, so that a one-piece, W-shaped spring element is formed.

The structure of the tension clamp 1 in the plan view of FIG. 3a is in detail as follows: Starting from an inner end 11 of the one inner arm 10, the inner arm 10 extends along a direction which is from a possible rail (in the FIG. 2 not shown) leads away. To the inner arm 10, the torsion adjoins 30, which bent to the outside passes through a vertex 31 and further bent into the outer arm 50 merges, in the present embodiment is not exactly parallel, but approximately in the direction of the inner arm 10 over the inner end 11 also leads back and merges at an outer deflection point 51 in the connecting arm 70. The connecting arm 70 extends in the mounted state of the tension clamp 1 parallel to the rail and presses on a rail foot to clamp the rail. Analogous to the flank of the inner arm 10, starting from an inner end 21 of the other inner arm 20, the inner arm 20 extends along a direction different from any rail (in FIG FIG. 2 not shown) leads away. The inner arm 20 is adjoined by the torsion portion 40, which, when bent outwards, passes through a vertex 41 and continues in a bent manner into the outer arm 60, which in the present embodiment is not exactly parallel, but approximately in the direction of the inner arm 20 via the inner arm End 21 addition and merges at an outer deflection point 61 in the connecting arm 70.

The structure, in particular the deflection points 51, 61 and vertices 31, 41 have in the plan view of FIG. 3a about the shape of a trapezoid. However, the shape of the in the Figures 2 . 3a to 3c deviate form shown. For example, the two outer arms 50 and 60 may be parallel. Furthermore, it may be possible to dispense with the connecting arm 70 when the rail holding portion of the tension clamp 1 is constructed in a different manner, in particular when the two inner arms 10, 20 have no ends 11, 21 but are connected together in their place.

The tension clamp 1 is mirror-symmetrical, relative to a mirror plane which is perpendicular to the extension of the connecting arm 70 and extends centrally between the two inner arms 10, 20.

The two inner arms 10, 20 each have a flattened surface 12 and 22, which for direct or indirect (such as by means of a washer) Edition of the head of a clamping screw for clamping the tension clamp 1 are provided in the final assembly position (see. FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 ). On the flattened surface 12, 22 opposite side of the corresponding inner arm 10, 20, the tension clamp 1 is in the final assembly position at a first support point 13, 23 on a base (described below) on. Furthermore, both inner arms 10, 20 each have a second support point 14, 24, also on the underside of the tension clamp 1 (seen in final assembly position) and also for resting on the base. The two support points 13, 14 (analog 23, 24) are in the plan view of FIG. 3a essentially on a line which is perpendicular to the connecting arm 70 or a rail to be braced. In other words, the two support points 13, 14 (analogously to 23, 24) have essentially no offset. They are both in the straight extension direction of the respective inner arm 10, 20. In particular, the torsion sections 30, 40 have no support points.

In the preassembled, but not yet tensioned state of the tension clamp 1, the portions of the inner arms 10, 20 located between the two support points 14, 24 are preferably "free", i.e. "free". they are not in contact with the surface, so that the tension clamp 1 deforms during final assembly by tightening the clamping screw and can be clamped in this way. Since the two support points 13, 14 (analog 23, 24) have no lateral offset, when tightening the tension clamp 1 no or a significantly reduced torsional moment acts on the inner arms 10 and 20. This leads to an improved wear behavior of both the tension clamp 1 and the clamping screw.

The particular arrangement of the support points 13, 14, 23, 24 is preferably achieved in that the inner arms 10, 20 are each bent in a plane which is parallel to the above-defined mirror plane and the corresponding inner arm 10, 20 (more precisely, the center line) contains. The inner arms 10, 20 are in this regard preferably bent in an S-shape, as in the Figure 3c shown.

The FIGS. 4 to 6 show the final assembly position of the tension clamp 1 as part of a frictional-elastic rail fastening system.

The FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view and shows a rail 2 with a rail foot 2a, which is clamped on both sides in each case by means of a tension clamp 1. The rail 2 is located in a recess 3a (see. FIG. 5 ) a threshold 3 (or other suitable rail pad). The rail fastening system has an angle guide plate 4, which is screwed with a respective clamping screw 5 on the threshold 3. The frictional-elastic mounting of the rail foot 2a via the above-mentioned tension clamp 1, which is clamped by the clamping screw 5 via a washer 5a with. The angle guide plate 4 has a bearing surface, which is set up for the support points of the tension clamp 1, in particular for supporting the support points 13, 23, 14, 24.

In a pre-assembly position, not shown, the clamping screws 5 is tightened with a provisional tightening torque, for example, about 50 Nm, and the tension clamp 1 is located in a set back from the rail 2 position.

If the tension clamp 1 is brought from the pre-assembly position to the rail 2 in the final assembly position, the tension clamp 1 is in a position which, from the FIGS. 4 to 6 evident. The tightening screw 5 comes into contact with the flattened surfaces 12, 22 of the two inner arms 10, 20 via the washer 5a, and the connecting arm 70 slides over the rail foot 2a. The two inner arms 10, 20 of the tension clamp 1 come to lie with a small distance to the rail foot 2a (or come into contact with it), whereby a tilt protection is given. Subsequently, the clamping screw 5 is tightened with the final tightening torque, so that the tension clamp 1 is tensioned and the connecting arm 70 presses with the desired force on the rail 2a.

From the sectional view of FIG. 5 shows that the shaft of the clamping screw 5, after it has passed between the two inner arms 10, 20 of the clamp 1, the angle guide plate 4 penetrates and in a dowel 6, inserted into a corresponding opening of the threshold 3, engages. The tension clamp 1 is applied when tightening the clamping screw 5 from above with a force, whereby the rail 2a clamped and the tension clamp 1 are clamped.

According to the embodiment of the FIGS. 4 to 6 a separate insulation 7 is provided between the tension clamp 1 and the angle guide plate 4 and the rail 2a. The electrical insulation 7 is made of plastic, for example, this is preferably on or overmolded, whereby the tension clamp 1 is at least partially surrounded by the insulation. In this case, a distinction can be made between a first insulation 7a of the tensioning clamp 1 for the tensioning screw 5 and a second insulation 7b of the tensioning clamp 1 for the rail foot 2a, which may have different structures, in particular different mechanical and / or electrical requirements. For the constructive solution, concerning the insulation 7, it is important that a movement of the middle region of the tensioning clamp 1, in particular of the inner arms 10, 20, is excluded or at least greatly reduced. This requirement is met by the above arrangement of the support points 13, 14, 23, 24 without eccentricity or lateral offset.

Due to the improved insulation with significantly increased electrical resistance, which is made possible in a synergetic manner by the arrangement of the support points 13, 14, 23, 24, the rail fastening system is particularly well suited for covered tracks, which are used primarily in local traffic. Background is the increased stray current problem in this area.

In addition, the rail fastening system is particularly flat executable, whereby any overlying asphalt surface can be provided particularly thick and stable. Due to the large contact surface of the tension clamp 1 on the rail 2a, which is ensured by the connecting arm 70, an insulator portion can be realized as part of the above insulation 7 between the rail 2a and the tension clamp 1 without much wear.

In order to realize a horizontal adjustability of the tension clamp 1 along the rail 2, the angle guide plate 4 may be provided with a groove portion or a groove plate 8. How a gearing of this kind can look, is particularly clear from the FIG. 6 out.

Where applicable, all individual features illustrated in the embodiments may be combined and / or interchanged without departing from the scope of the invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

tension clamp

2

rail

2a

rail

3

threshold

3a

recess

4

Angled guide plate

5

clamping screw

5a

washer

6

dowel

7

insulation

7a

First insulation

7b

Second insulation

8th

grooved panel

10

Inner arm

11

Inner end

12

Flattened area

13

First point of support

14

Second point of support

20

Inner arm

21

Inner end

22

Flattened area

23

First point of support

24

Second point of support

30

torsion

31

vertex

40

torsion

41

vertex

50

Outer arm

51

turning point

60

Outer arm

61

turning point

70

connecting arm

100

tension clamp

110

Inner arm

111

support point

120

Inner arm

121

support point

130

torsion

131

support point

140

torsion

141

support point

150

connecting arm

Claims (13)

A tension clamp (1) for releasably securing a rail (2) to a rail surface, comprising a central portion for tightening the tension clamp (1) on a base, which is or is preferably an angled guide plate (4), by means of a tightening screw (5) and a outer portion having a rail holding portion (70) which in the assembled state of the tension clamp (1) exerts a holding force on the rail (2), wherein
the tensioning clamp (1) is set up in such a way that, in the installed state, the tensioning screw (5) exerts a tensioning force on the middle portion at at least one point of force application, and
the middle portion further comprises at least one support point (14, 24) in the assembled state of the tension clamp (1) is in contact with the base, the position of which differs from the force application point in a projection perpendicular to the clamping force and the relative to the point of force application no has lateral offset. Clamp (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it has no support point, which is in the mounted state of the tension clamp (1) in contact with the pad and relative to the point of force application has a lateral offset. A tension clamp (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer portion comprises at least one torsion portion (30, 40) connecting the central portion to the rail holding portion (70) extending laterally from the central portion and not having a support point with the Base has. Clamp (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support point (14, 24) is a second support point and the middle portion further comprises at least a first support point (13, 23) which in the assembled state of the tension clamp (1). is in contact with the pad and is in a projection perpendicular to the clamping force at the position of the force application point, so that the first support point (13, 23) and the second support point (14, 24) relative to each other have no offset. Tension clamp (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the middle section has two inner arms (10, 20) which extend in a straight line parallel and in a projection perpendicular to the clamping force, the two inner arms (10, 20) each having a force application point and at least one support point (14, 24), which has no lateral offset relative to the associated force application point. Clamp (1) according to claim 4 and 5, characterized in that the two inner arms (10, 20) each have a first support point (13, 23) and a second support point (14, 24) which have no lateral offset relative to each other , Clamp (1) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the two inner arms (10, 20) in the region of the respective support point (14, 24) in a plane perpendicular to the extension direction of the rail (2) bent, preferably S-shaped bent, are. A tension clamp (1) according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the outer portion comprises two torsion portions (30, 40) respectively extending laterally from an associated inner arm (10, 20) and the inner arms (10, 10). 20) with the rail holding section (70), wherein the one inner arm (10) and the associated torsion portion (30) are mirror-symmetrical to the other inner arm (20) and associated torsion portion (40), relative to a mirror plane perpendicular to the extension direction of the rail (40). 2) stands. Clamp (1) according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the two inner arms (10, 20) on the rail side each have an inner end (11, 21). Clamp (1) according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the rail holding portion (70) has a connecting arm which brings the two inner arms (10, 20) together. Clamp (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is at least partially surrounded by an insulating material, preferably plastic, preferably encapsulated. Rail fastening system for releasably fastening a rail (2) on a rail surface, which has a clamping screw (5) and a tensioning clamp (1) according to one of the preceding claims, whose middle section is screwed and braced on a base by means of the clamping screw (5), that the rail holding portion (70) exerts a holding force on the rail (2), wherein
the clamping screw (5) exerts a clamping force on the middle section at at least one force application point, and
the support point (14, 24) is in contact with the support, the position of the support point (14, 24) from that of the force application point in a projection perpendicular to the clamping force and the support point (14, 24) relative to the force application point has no lateral offset. Rail fastening system according to claim 12, characterized in that the base and / or the tensioning clamp (1) comprises means for laterally displacing the tensioning clamp (1), preferably the base has a groove portion or a groove plate (8) which cooperates in a toothed manner the tension clamp (1) cooperates.

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