EP3343105B1 - Unités de brûleur et chauffe-eau au gaz l'utilisant - Google Patents

Unités de brûleur et chauffe-eau au gaz l'utilisant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3343105B1
EP3343105B1 EP17208762.9A EP17208762A EP3343105B1 EP 3343105 B1 EP3343105 B1 EP 3343105B1 EP 17208762 A EP17208762 A EP 17208762A EP 3343105 B1 EP3343105 B1 EP 3343105B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
disposed
burner unit
burning
burner
Prior art date
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EP17208762.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3343105A1 (fr
Inventor
Chao Wang
Yang Xiaodong
Han Xianshan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant Wuxi Heating Equipment Co Ltd
Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant Wuxi Heating Equipment Co Ltd
Vaillant GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F23D14/583—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration of elongated shape, e.g. slits
    • F23D14/586—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration of elongated shape, e.g. slits formed by a set of sheets, strips, ribbons or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F23D14/045—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with a plurality of burner bars assembled together, e.g. in a grid-like arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1832—Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners
    • F24H9/1836—Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners using fluid fuel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of combustion appliance, and more particularly to a burner unit and a gas-fired water heating appliance using the burner unit.
  • Gas-fired water heating appliance such as gas water heaters or gas fired boilers, those typically include gas burners, heat exchangers, and combustion chambers that contain burners and heat exchangers.
  • the burners often include a number of burner units arranged side by side, and each of the units has a gas-air mixing channel in which gas and air are mixed and passed to a fire hole disposed at the top of the units to be ignited in the combustion chamber to generate heat.
  • the heat can be used to heat the water passing through the heat exchanger so that the heated water can be discharged for drinking, bathing, or space heating.
  • Burners generate exhaust gas during combustion and the exhaust gas is discharged to the atmosphere.
  • the exhaust gases usually contain toxic compounds, like carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
  • CO carbon monoxide
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • the basic principle of rich-lean combustion is to make part of the gas to be burnt with not enough air, that is, fuel-rich combustion, and the other part of the gas is burnt with an excess of air, that is, the fuel-lean combustion.
  • the stoichiometric ratio of fuel-air mixture deviates from the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of fuel and air when completely combusted.
  • the low concentration of oxygen in the fuel-rich flame results in the primary combustion temperature is lower than that at theoretical stoichiometric ratio, which leads to a low generation of nitrogen oxides; while the fuel-lean flame has a high concentration of oxygen, and the lack of fuel gas also reduces the primary combustion temperature, thereby reducing the nitrogen oxides emissions and finally reducing the total nitrogen oxides.
  • the secondary combustion is carried out on the products of the primary combustion after the primary combustion being completed. Since the products of the primary combustion contain a large amount of gases such as carbon dioxide and water, which results in the temperature of the secondary reaction zone and the concentration of oxygen are both lower, thereby suppressing the formation of nitrogen oxides. Therefore, both the primary combustion and the secondary combustion can effectively inhibit the formation of nitrogen oxides.
  • the burner for rich-lean combustion is shown in European Patent Publication EP 0 587 456 B1 , or U.S. Published Patent Applications US 2013/171576 A1 , US 2015/184849 A1 , or Japanese Published Patent Applications JP 2004 053117A , JP H06 193834 A .
  • the burner generally includes a number of burner units arranged side by side and each extending in a lengthwise direction.
  • Each burner unit has a number of main fire holes and sleeve fire holes distributed in the lengthwise direction, and in a widthwise direction perpendicular to the lengthwise direction, the sleeve fire holes are disposed on both sides of the several main fire holes, and the several main fire holes are separated from each other by the metal sheet plate forming the burner unit US 2013/171576 A1 , US 2015/184849 A1 , JP 2004 053117 A , and JP H06 193834 A provide a basis for the two-part form of claim 1.
  • ErP regulation (Commission Regulation (EU) No 814/2013) requires that, from 26 September 2018 emissions of nitrogen oxides of conventional water heaters using gaseous fuels shall not exceed 56 mg/kWh. Nevertheless, according to the test of the burner as shown in the above-mentioned European patent, the emissions of nitrogen oxides of the burner exceed 70 mg/kWh, which obviously can not meet the emission requirements of the ErP regulation. In view of this, it is necessary to improve the existing burner so that it can meet the requirements of the ErP regulation to be implemented.
  • a burner unit including a first combustion portion and a second combustion portion.
  • the first combustion portion extends in a lengthwise direction and including a number of first fire holes arranged along a widthwise direction perpendicular to the lengthwise direction for providing one of fuel-rich flames and fuel-lean flames.
  • the second combustion portion extends in the lengthwise direction and including a number of second fire holes disposed on both sides of the first fire holes in the widthwise direction for providing the other of the fuel-rich flames and the fuel-lean flames.
  • a first interval width is defined between the number of first fire holes in the widthwise direction.
  • the first combustion portion includes a first burning head having a pair of vertical plates (21, 23) extending in a vertical direction and a flat plate (22) connected between said pair of vertical plates, and the first fire holes are longitudinally disposed in the flat plate.
  • the first combustion portion is made of a metal sheet plate, and the first interval width is larger than the thickness of the sheet plate.
  • the first interval width is more than twice the thickness of the sheet plate.
  • a second interval width larger than the first interval width is defined between the first fire hole and the second fire hole in the widthwise direction.
  • the first interval width is defined in the flat plate and disposed beside the first fire hole along the widthwise direction.
  • the first combustion portion further includes a second burning head with the structure as same as that of the first burning head, and the first and the second burning heads are symmetrically arranged, wherein part of the plurality of first fire holes are disposed between the first and the second burning heads.
  • another part of the number of first fire holes disposed in the first and the second burning heads are spaced along the lengthwise direction; and a number of spaced ribs disposed on the vertical plates at two opposite sides of the first and the second burning heads to divide the space between the first and the second burning heads into the part of the number of first fire holes.
  • the vertical plates of the first and the second burning heads disposed opposite to each other are further provided with a number of turbulators disposed among the number of spaced ribs; and the vertical plates of the first and the second burning heads disposed away from each other extend plainly.
  • the burner unit further includes a main body and a shell covering the upper half of the main body; and the main body is provided at its longitudinal end with a first air inlet and a second air inlet located above the first air inlet; wherein the first air inlet is in communication with the first fire hole for supplying a first fuel-air mixture and the second air inlet is in communication with the second fire hole for supplying a second fuel-air mixture.
  • the second fire hole is disposed between the first combustion portion and the shell, and the shell is provided with a number of convex protrusions located near the second fire holes and arranged at intervals in the lengthwise direction.
  • a gas-fired water heating appliance having a burner including a number of aforementioned burner units arranged side by side and a heat exchanger absorbing the heat generated by the number of burner units and transfers the heat to water flowing therethrough.
  • the present invention has the advantages that: as a first interval width is defined between the first fire holes in the widthwise direction, a separate flame can be formed on each of the first fire holes, thereby increasing the overall surface area of the flames and facilitating heat dissipation to reduce the combustion temperature, thus contributing to the reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions.
  • Gas water heaters and gas boilers could be fired with combustible gas, such as natural gas, city gas, liquefied petroleum gas, methane, etc., thereby supplying hot water and/or heating living space for domestic sanitary usage and heating purpose.
  • combustible gas such as natural gas, city gas, liquefied petroleum gas, methane, etc.
  • the embodiments to be described below take a gas water heater as an example, however, the present invention is not limited to this, and it can also be applied on gas boilers.
  • a gas water heater 100 in accordance with one embodiment of present invention, includes a housing, and a burner, a heat exchanger 51, an air supply fan 52, and a flue hood 53 accommodated in the housing, and an inlet tube, an outlet tube, and a gas supply pipe extending out of the housing.
  • the housing may be composed of a number of plates, such as a front plate, a back plate, a top plate, a bottom plate, and a pair of side plates.
  • the heat exchanger 51 is generally placed above the burner.
  • the heat exchanger may include multiple heat absorbing fins and a heat absorbing pipe passing through the multiple heat absorbing fins.
  • the heat absorbing pipe communicates with the inlet tube and the outlet tube.
  • Fuel gas and air mixture is burnt in a casing of the burner, and combustion exhaust gas of the burner pass through the fins of the heat exchanger with the generated heat interchanging with water passing through the heat absorbing pipe, then heated hot water passes through the outlet tube for domestic sanitary usage, like drinking, showering, or bathing.
  • the air supply Fan 52 is provided at a lower portion of the housing, which is operated to supply outside air to the burner as combustion air, also, force the flue gas to be discharged outdoors.
  • the flue hood 53 is placed upon the heat exchanger 51 for collecting flue gas containing carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, and then the flue gas is discharged to the outdoors through discharging ducts (not shown).
  • Fig. 1 shows a burner in accordance with one embodiment of present invention.
  • the burner includes a casing 2 and a number of burner units 1 arranged side by side in the casing.
  • the burner unit 1 can made of metallic sheet plates and has a main body 10, burning heads 20 received in the main body, and a shell 30 substantially covering the upper half of the main body.
  • the main body 10 is generally in the shape of a vertical blade, and an elongated receiving portion 13 is disposed at the upper portion of the main body 10, in which a receiving cavity 131 is defined for receiving the combustion heads 20.
  • the main body 10 is provided at a lower position of one longitudinal end thereof with a first air inlet 11, and a first fuel-air mixing chamber 111 communicated between the first air inlet 11 and the receiving cavity 131.
  • the main body 10 is also provided at the longitudinal end with a second air inlet 12 located above the first air inlet 11, and a second fuel-air mixing chamber 121 communicated with the second air inlet.
  • a number of through holes 1211 are provided at a rear portion of the second fuel-air mixing chamber 121.
  • the shell 30 has a pair of side plates 31 that extend in a lengthwise direction. As shown in FIG. 5 , a cylindrical cavity 32 is defined in the side plates 31 to cover the second fuel-air mixing chamber 121. A number of strips are provided at the top of the shell 30 and straddle the pair of side plates 31 to restrict the burning head 20 within the receiving cavity 131 of the main body.
  • the shell 30 is formed with a number of concave depressions 312 spaced along the lengthwise direction at the upper portion thereof for abutting against outer walls of the receiving portion 13 of the main body and defining gap therebetween.
  • the shell is also provided with a number of convex protrusions 311 spaced along the lengthwise direction at the upper portion thereof for abutting against the corresponding protrusions on the adjacent burner units so as to prevent the shell from being deformed due to the combustion at a high temperature.
  • the burning heads 20 include a first burning head and a second burning head which are formed in the same structures and are symmetrically arranged. Since the structures of the two burning heads are the same, only one of them will be described in details hereinafter.
  • the first burning head is stamped and bent from a metallic sheet plate and formed with a pair of vertical plates 21, 23 extending in a vertical direction and a flat plate 22 connected between the tops of the pair of vertical plates. In this embodiment, a number of fire holes 221 longitudinally extending are defined in the flat plate 22 at intervals. As shown in Fig.
  • a number of spaced ribs 231 protruded on the vertical plates 23 of the first and the second burning heads opposite to each other to divide the space between the first and the second burning heads into a number of pieces in the lengthwise direction, and the number of pieces corresponds to the fire holes 211 of the first and second burning heads in a widthwise direction perpendicular to the lengthwise direction.
  • the above vertical plates of the first and the second burning heads disposed opposite to each other are further provided with a number of turbulators (232) disposed among the number of spaced ribs 231.
  • the vertical plates of the first and the second burning heads disposed away from each other extend plainly.
  • the burner units has a first air inlet 11 and a second air inlet 12 for being passed through by fuel-air mixtures with different stoichiometric ratio.
  • Gas supplied from a fuel supply device (not shown) and the primary air pass through the first air inlet 11 at a predetermined ratio.
  • the first fuel-air mixing chamber 111 is formed with a venturi tube portion adjacent to the first air inle 11.
  • the Venturi tube is used for sucking fluid flows through a length of tube of varying diameter. As the principles and configurations of Venturi tubes are well-known to those skilled in the art, the applicant will not repeat them here.
  • the incoming fuel gas and air are mixed thoroughly when passing through the first mixing chamber 111 to generate a first fuel-air mixture, which then flows into the flow passage defined by the vertical plates 21, 23 and finally burns at the fire holes 231.
  • the burning heads 20 form a first combustion portion, and the fire holes disposed at the top thereof form first fire holes 221 for burning the first fuel-air mixture to generate one of fuel-rich flames and fuel-lean flames, and this flame type is related to the stoichiometric ratio of the first fuel-air mixture.
  • gas supplied from the fuel supply device and the primary air pass through the second air inlet 12 at another predetermined ratio, and enter the gap between the shell 31 and the receiving portion 13 of the main body through the through holes 1211 after sufficiently mixing in the second mixing chamber 121, and finally burn at the fire holes.
  • This burning area at the top of the gap constitutes a second combustion portion, wherein the number of fire holes seperated by the recesses 312 constitute second fire holes 223 for burning the second fuel-air mixture to generate the other of the fuel-rich flames and the fuel-lean flames.
  • the flame type is related to the stoichiometric ratio of the second fuel-air mixture.
  • the first fuel-air mixing chamber 111 and the second fuel-air mixing chamber 121 of the burner unit 1 are used to provide fuel-air mixtures with different fuel-to-air stoichiometric ratio, such as rich fuel-air mixture and lean fuel-air mixture.
  • rich fuel-air mixture refers to a mixture of too-rich fuel and primary air compared to the stoichiometric ratio of fuel and air when completely combusted, in which case the coefficient of the primary air is smaller and the flames of combustion are fuel-rich flames; in contrast, a “lean fuel-air mixture” refers to a mixture of too-lean fuel and primary air compared to the stoichiometric ratio of fuel and air when completely combusted, in this case, the coefficient of the primary air is larger and the flames of combustion are fuel-lean flames.
  • the fuel is natural gas
  • a lean fuel-air mixture is formed in the first fuel-air mixing chamber 111, and accordingly, the flames formed on the first fire holes 221 is fuel-lean flames; while a rich fuel-air mixture is formed in second fuel-air mixing chamber 121, and accordingly, the flames formed on the second fire holes 223 are fuel-rich flames.
  • the first fire holes 221 include three rows of longitudinally extending holes respectively provided in the flat plates 22 of the first and second burning heads, and the space between the vertical plates 23 of the first and the second burning heads.
  • a first interval width is defined between the first fire holes 221 in the widthwise direction, so that a separate flame can be formed on each of the first fire holes 231, thereby increasing the overall surface area of the flames and facilitating heat dissipation to reduce the combustion temperature, thus contributing to the reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions.
  • the first interval width is more than the thickness of the metal sheet plate forming the combustion heads, and preferably, the first interval width is more than twice the thickness of the sheet plate in order to prevent the flames generated on the fire holes from mixing with each other.
  • the first interval width is greater than three times of the thickness of the sheet plate, which is achieved by a side portion 222 of the flat plates 22 beside the first fire hole 221 in the widthwise direction.
  • a second interval width is formed between the first fire hole 221 and the second fire hole 223 in the widthwise direction, and the second interval width is larger than the first interval width, the size of which equals to the width of the other side portion 224 of the flat plates 22 beside the first fire hole 221 plus the thickness of the sheet plate forming the receiving portion 13 of the main body.
  • the table below shows test results for the gas water heater as described in the above embodiments, and the results are measured according to the requirements of the nitrogen oxide emission test (chapter 6.9.3) required in the European standard for gas water heaters (EN 26 : 2015), and the test conditions are:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Unité de brûleur (1) comprenant :
    une première portion de combustion s'étendant dans une direction longitudinale et incluant une pluralité de premiers trous de feu (221) agencés le long d'une direction de largeur perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale pour fournir des unes parmi des flammes riches en combustible et des flammes pauvres en combustible ;
    une seconde portion de combustion s'étendant dans la direction longitudinale et incluant une pluralité de seconds trous de feu (223) disposés sur les deux côtés des premiers trous de feu dans la direction de largeur pour fournir les autres parmi les flammes riches en combustible et les flammes pauvres en combustible ; dans laquelle
    une première largeur d'intervalle est définie entre ladite pluralité de premiers trous de feu (221) dans la direction de largeur ;
    caractérisée en ce que
    la première portion de combustion inclut une première tête brûlante présentant une paire de plaques verticales (21, 23) s'étendant dans une direction verticale et une plaque plate (22) raccordée entre ladite paire de plaques verticales, et les premiers trous de feu sont disposés longitudinalement dans la plaque plate.
  2. Unité de brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la première portion de combustion est faite d'une plaque en tôle métallique, et ladite première largeur d'intervalle est supérieure à l'épaisseur de la plaque en tôle.
  3. Unité de brûleur selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la première largeur d'intervalle fait plus de deux fois l'épaisseur de la plaque en tôle.
  4. Unité de brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'une seconde largeur d'intervalle supérieure à la première largeur d'intervalle est définie entre le premier trou de feu (221) et le second trou de feu (223) dans la direction de largeur.
  5. Unité de brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ladite première largeur d'intervalle est définie dans la plaque plate (22) et disposée à côté du premier trou de feu (221) le long de la direction de largeur.
  6. Unité de brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ladite première portion de combustion comprend en outre une seconde tête brûlante avec la structure identique à celle de la première tête brûlante, et la première et la seconde tête brûlante sont agencées symétriquement, dans laquelle une partie de la pluralité de premiers trous de feu (221) sont disposés entre la première et la seconde tête brûlante.
  7. Unité de brûleur selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce qu'une autre partie de la pluralité de premiers trous de feu (221) disposés dans la première et la seconde tête brûlante sont espacés le long de la direction longitudinale ; et une pluralité de nervures espacées (231) disposées sur les plaques verticales (23) au niveau de deux côtés opposés de la première et la seconde tête brûlante pour diviser l'espace entre la première et la seconde tête brûlante en ladite partie de la pluralité de premiers trous de feu.
  8. Unité de brûleur selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que les plaques verticales de la première et la seconde tête brûlante disposées opposées les unes aux autres sont en outre pourvues d'une pluralité de turbulateurs (232) disposés parmi ladite pluralité de nervures espacées (231) ; et les plaques verticales de la première et la seconde tête brûlante disposées à distance les unes des autres s'étendent clairement.
  9. Unité de brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'unité de brûleur comprend en outre un corps principal (10) et une enveloppe (30) recouvrant la moitié supérieure du corps principal ; et le corps principal est pourvu au niveau de son extrémité longitudinale d'une première entrée d'air (11) et d'une seconde entrée d'air (12) située au-dessus de la première entrée d'air; dans laquelle la première entrée d'air est en communication avec le premier trou de feu pour fournir un premier mélange combustible-air et la seconde entrée d'air (12) est en communication avec le second trou de feu (223) pour fournir un second mélange combustible-air.
  10. Unité de brûleur selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que le second trou de feu (223) est disposé entre la première portion de combustion et l'enveloppe, et ladite enveloppe est pourvue d'une pluralité de saillies convexes (311) situées près des seconds trous de feu et agencées à des intervalles dans la direction longitudinale.
  11. Chauffe-eau au gaz (100), caractérisé en ce que ledit chauffe-eau comprend :
    un brûleur comprenant une pluralité d'unités de brûleur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10 et agencées côte à côte ; et
    un échangeur de chaleur (51) absorbe la chaleur générée par ladite pluralité d'unités de brûleur et transfère la chaleur à de l'eau circulant à travers celui-ci.
EP17208762.9A 2016-12-27 2017-12-20 Unités de brûleur et chauffe-eau au gaz l'utilisant Active EP3343105B1 (fr)

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CN201611272116.6A CN106801868B (zh) 2016-12-27 2016-12-27 燃烧器单元及采用该燃烧器单元的燃气热水设备

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EP3343105B1 true EP3343105B1 (fr) 2021-03-17

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CN117824144A (zh) * 2018-11-23 2024-04-05 艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司 燃气热水装置及其燃烧装置、浓淡火排
CN109489256A (zh) * 2018-12-12 2019-03-19 广东万家乐燃气具有限公司 燃烧室外壳及热水器
CN110230813A (zh) * 2019-05-31 2019-09-13 广东万家乐燃气具有限公司 拼接式低氮燃烧器火排、低氮燃烧器及燃气热水设备
CN110925757A (zh) * 2019-12-25 2020-03-27 来美能源科技无锡有限公司 一种新型的浓淡燃烧器
CN111895404B (zh) * 2020-07-01 2022-07-15 华帝股份有限公司 带强化传火功能的燃烧器及应用其的采暖炉
CN217302793U (zh) * 2021-03-25 2022-08-26 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 火排、燃烧器和燃气热水器
CN113623704B (zh) * 2021-10-13 2021-12-10 西南石油大学 流体加热装置

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CN106801868B (zh) 2019-04-12
EP3343105A1 (fr) 2018-07-04
CN106801868A (zh) 2017-06-06
ES2875794T3 (es) 2021-11-11

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