EP3342889B1 - Aluminiumgusslegierung - Google Patents

Aluminiumgusslegierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3342889B1
EP3342889B1 EP16382661.3A EP16382661A EP3342889B1 EP 3342889 B1 EP3342889 B1 EP 3342889B1 EP 16382661 A EP16382661 A EP 16382661A EP 3342889 B1 EP3342889 B1 EP 3342889B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
weight
alloy
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aluminium
alloys
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3342889A1 (de
Inventor
Iban Vicario Gómez
Francisco Sáenz de Tejada Picornell
Jessica Montero García
Ester Villanueva Viteri
Antxon Melendez Arranz
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Befesa Aluminio SL
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Befesa Aluminio SL
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Priority to EP16382661.3A priority Critical patent/EP3342889B1/de
Priority to ES16382661T priority patent/ES2753164T3/es
Publication of EP3342889A1 publication Critical patent/EP3342889A1/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the field of the invention refers to aluminium casting alloys.
  • the present invention relates to a secondary aluminium alloy, useful to produce, by high pressure die casting, components which have to fulfil premium mechanical requirements in as-cast condition.
  • High pressure die castings have been traditionally limited to transport applications in which its structural functionality was of low responsibility, whereas the components with key structural responsibility have been traditionally manufactured with steel or aluminium alternative production processes, i.e, low pressure die casting (LPDC) or gravity die casting (GC).
  • LPDC low pressure die casting
  • GC gravity die casting
  • HPDC high pressure die casting
  • HPDC technological development vacuum casting, improved mold materials and thermal management, etc.
  • new alloys with new metallurgical and microstructural properties have been developed, which must present high fluidity to fill the whole mold conveniently, low die soldering, easy weldability, high machinability and above all, high elongation and mechanical properties.
  • Alloys of primary quality with a Fe/Mn ratio of 1 ⁇ 2 has been disclosed in the prior art, decreasing die soldering and reducing as much as possible the negative effect of Al5FeSi intermetallics on the elongation values.
  • Primary quality means mainly iron content below 0.15% by weight, copper content below 0.03% by weight and zinc content below 0.1% by weight, being those contents only achievable if aluminium is directly produced by smelting electrolysis from raw alumina. All refined aluminium produced from scraps, drosses and swarfs coming from post-processing operations and end of life products is hence limited to low mechanical responsibility applications, what is a large limitation for the industry sustainability and aluminium recycling sector.
  • the casted component made of primary aluminium can be thermally treated if desired, in order to reach mechanical properties similar to those produced in alternative manufacturing processes as the LPDC or the GC.
  • Document DE 19524564 discloses an aluminium-silicon alloy for casting cylinder heads. Minor variations in the composition of the alloys produce a change over the different proprieties of the alloys. By a minor addition of alloying elements or by varying the concentration of an alloying element, non-expected properties can be obtained. This document is silent about the obtained mechanical properties of the alloy and it doesn't mention the high pressure die casting (HPDC) process. This document discloses an alloy with a 5-11 wt % and 8-11 wt % of Si and 0.8-2 wt % of Cu.
  • HPDC high pressure die casting
  • the mechanical properties that can be achieved change completely, as shown in the DIN 1706 Standard, where mechanical properties change for sand, permanent mould casting, pressure die casting (HPDC) and investment casting.
  • Annex A of standard EN AC 43000 series discloses mechanical properties of pressure die cast alloys (Table A.1 - Mechanical properties of pressure die cast alloys).
  • Document EP 1978120A1 discloses an aluminium-silicon alloy for engine components. In this document there are no references to the HPDC process. This documents discloses very low elongation values of the obtained samples at room temperature in the as cast state ( ⁇ 0.7%). All the samples disclosed in this document have Si values with an eutectic or hypereutectic composition well above 9% by weight. This document also discloses an alloy with a 5-25% by weight of Si and 0.0007-0.1 % by weight of C.
  • Secondary aluminium alloys disclosed in the prior art have limited elongation properties due to the presence of detrimental ⁇ -iron Al5FeSi needles.
  • the prior art discloses different ways of suppressing the formation of ⁇ -Al5FeSi phase: addition of sufficient manganese and, in alloys without manganese, high cooling rates.
  • Another way to avoid this problem is based on the development of primary aluminium alloys with small percentages of iron, as the AuralTM alloys with iron approximately less than 0.22% and 0.03% by weight of copper. It has also been disclosed alloys with high elongation with less than 0.2% by weight of iron content and others. It has also been disclosed limiting the silicon content to a maximum of 0.15% in weight in order to obtain high elongation alloys.
  • Document EP 2771493A2 discloses an AlSiMgCu casting alloy. This document discloses 0.5-2% by weight of copper and discloses the use of thermal treatments. This document discloses that an increasing Cu content can increase the strength due to higher amount of ⁇ '-Al2Cu and Q' precipitates, but reducing the ductility. This document aims to optimize the alloy composition, the solution and aging heat treatments to minimize/eliminate un-dissolved Q-phase (AlSiMgSi) and maximize solid solution/precipitation strengthening.
  • Document JPH093610 (A ) proposes a die-casting alloy having 5 to 13 wt % Si, up to 0.5 wt % Mg, 0.1 to 1.0 wt % Mn, 0.1 to 2.0 wt % Fe.
  • Cu and Zn contaminants are not taken into consideration, as these usually occur in significant amounts in the case of secondary aluminium.
  • the document discloses that thermal treatments are necessary to improve ductility because eutectic Si becomes roundish by heat treatment.
  • Document EP2657360 discloses a die casting alloy consisting of 6-12% by weight of Si, at least 0.3% by weight of iron, 0.25% by weight of Mn, 0.1% by weight of Cu, 0.24 to 0.8% by weight of Mg and 0.4 to 1.5% by weight of Zn.
  • This document discloses the use of eutectic modifiers, as Sr, Na and Sb, alone or in combination, and grain refiners as Ti, Zr, V.
  • Document EP 1612286 discloses an aluminium die casting alloy having 8 to 11.5% by weight of Si, 0.3 to 0.8% by weight of Mn, 0.08 to 0.4% by weight of Mg, max. 0.4% by weight of Fe, max. 0.1% by weight of Cu, max. 0.1% by weight of Zn, max. 0.15% by weight of Ti and 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of Mo.
  • Cu and Zn content have been limited and the content of secondary aluminium is very restricted, which leads the production of the alloy by electrolysis.
  • the problem to be solved is the provision of a novel alloy of secondary quality produced for HPDC which can be used in as-cast condition and that presents the following values of elongation and mechanical properties: elongation (A) equal to or more than 5%, yield strength (Rp0.2) equal to or more than 130 MPa and ultimate tensile strength (Rm) equal to or more than 230 MPa.
  • elongation (A) equal to or more than 5%
  • yield strength (Rp0.2) equal to or more than 130 MPa
  • ultimate tensile strength (Rm) equal to or more than 230 MPa.
  • Said values of elongation and mechanical properties are required for safety components when they are designed to support crash impacts (high energy absorption, i.e large deformation) or/and large static bending loads (high strength).
  • the alloys of the invention also maintain other processability properties as the alloy fluidity, low soldering to the die, easy welding or high machinability, among others.
  • the problem to be solved can also be defined as providing an alloy with high elongation values obtained for HPDC processing with secondary melted aluminium alloys.
  • the present invention provides an aluminium casting alloy, wherein said alloy is consisting of:
  • silicon content is restricted to the range 8-9% by weight to reduce as much as possible the eutectic fraction what helps to maximize the elongation but maintaining the fluidity at minimal values that allow an adequate mold filling.
  • copper content is restricted to less than 0.2% by weight to guarantee a minimum elastic yield and ultimate tensile strength.
  • iron content is restricted to 0.29-0.4% by weight to guarantee both low mold soldering and small volume fraction of Al5FeSi intermetallics, which at the same time are minimized by the manganese content.
  • manganese content is restricted to 0.2-0.45% by weight to transform the Al5FeSi intermetallics into alpha-AI12(Mn,Fe)Si2 to reduce as much as possible the negative effect of those intermetallics, and to avoid the sludge problem that occurs with high percentages of Mn in combination with Fe and other alloying elements.
  • magnesium content helps to increase the yield strength, but always with a minimum percentage of copper and iron to avoid elongation to be affected. For small increases of magnesium percentages if enough silicon is available Mg2Si intermetallics can be produced.
  • zinc content helps to achieve larger elongation values at low magnesium contents taking advantage of its high solubility index, what means that for contents less than 0.3% by weight of zinc, larger elongation values can be reached since no matrix discontinuity appears.
  • the alloy according to the invention differs from the alloy of DE 19524564 in that it contains 8-9% by weight of silicon and less than 0.2% by weight of copper In the present invention, the minimum elongation value obtained in the as cast state is 5,25%. However, in Annex A of standard EN AC 43400 the mechanical properties for the alloy are limited in the as foundry state to low mechanical values (less than 1%).
  • the content of the alloying elements in the alloy according to the invention is related to the obtained mechanical properties of the alloy. These mechanical properties clearly vary with small changes in the composition. This can be seen in the alloys of the example, which shows changes of the properties with minor composition variations.
  • the alloy according to the invention differs from EP 1978120A1 in that it contains 8-9% by weight of silicon and that it does not contain C.
  • the alloy according to the invention differs from EP 2771493A2 in that it contains less than 0.2% by weight of copper.
  • concentration of copper in the alloy according to the invention lead to an increase in the elongation, in comparison with the values mentioned in EP 2771493A2 , which discloses that an increasing Cu content can increase the strength due to higher amount of ⁇ '-Al2Cu and Q' precipitates but reducing ductility.
  • a thermal treatment of the alloy according to the invention is not necessary, due to the appearance of a very fine eutectic and a quite globular dendrite structure in the alloy.
  • the reduced content of Cu and Zn in comparison with the alloy of document JPH093610 (A ) avoids the use of secondary aluminium as disclosed in JPH093610 (A ).
  • the alloy according to the invention differs mainly from the alloy of document EP2657360 in that it contains less than 0.3% by weight of Zn.
  • An increase in the Zn percentage leads to a lower corrosion resistance, and because of that, the Zn percentage has been limited in the alloy according to the invention, in order to obtain parts that don't need extra surface treatments.
  • the alloy according to the invention has high ductility.
  • the alloy according to the invention differs from document EP 1612286 in that it does not contain Mo. Also, the alloy according to the invention has a final elongation value higher than 5%.
  • Aluminium compositions have been prepared by melting a standard EN-AC 43000 alloy in a holding furnace at 690°C and later poured into the injection vessel, being injected into the mold cavity of a 950 tonnes closing force HPDC machine at 685°C. No vacuum conditions were applied.
  • Patent EP2657360 (B1 ) discloses the use of eutectic modifiers, as Sr, Na and Sb, alone or in combination, and grain refiners as Ti, Zr, V.
  • the alloy according to the invention has less than 0.2% by weight of titanium and less than 0.05% by weight of strontium.
  • Sr in the alloys of the example don't shown a significant benefit over the elongation, with similar values.
  • Ti only alloy 2 has been grain refined with titanium, obtaining a 0.199% by weight of Ti in his final composition, and the alloys of the example don't show a significant benefit over the elongation, with similar values.

Claims (1)

  1. Aluminiumgusslegierung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Legierung besteht aus:
    8-9 Gew.-% Silizium,
    0,29-0,4 Gew.-% Eisen,
    weniger als 0,2 Gew.-% Kupfer,
    0,2-0,45 Gew.-% Mangan,
    weniger als 0,3 Gew.-% Zink,
    weniger als 0,3 Gew.-% Magnesium,
    weniger als 0,2 Gew.-% Titan,
    weniger als 0,05 Gew.-% Chrom,
    weniger als 0,05 Gew.-% Nickel,
    weniger als 0,05 Gew.-% Strontium,
    weniger als 0,05 Gew.-% Blei,
    weniger als 0,05 Gew.-% Zinn
    und Aluminium als Restbestandteil.
EP16382661.3A 2016-12-28 2016-12-28 Aluminiumgusslegierung Active EP3342889B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16382661.3A EP3342889B1 (de) 2016-12-28 2016-12-28 Aluminiumgusslegierung
ES16382661T ES2753164T3 (es) 2016-12-28 2016-12-28 Aleación de aluminio para fundición

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16382661.3A EP3342889B1 (de) 2016-12-28 2016-12-28 Aluminiumgusslegierung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3342889A1 EP3342889A1 (de) 2018-07-04
EP3342889B1 true EP3342889B1 (de) 2019-05-29

Family

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EP16382661.3A Active EP3342889B1 (de) 2016-12-28 2016-12-28 Aluminiumgusslegierung

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP3342889B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2753164T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109536788A (zh) * 2018-12-04 2019-03-29 合肥江淮铸造有限责任公司 轻量化压铸铝合金缸体成型工艺
CN113817938B (zh) * 2020-06-18 2023-01-06 比亚迪股份有限公司 一种铝合金及其制备方法、应用
CN114318083A (zh) * 2021-12-28 2022-04-12 东北轻合金有限责任公司 一种适用于含Mo 4000系铝合金铸锭的熔炼制备方法
CN114560019A (zh) * 2022-02-25 2022-05-31 蔚来汽车科技(安徽)有限公司 铝合金以及采用其制备的零部件

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5573606A (en) 1995-02-16 1996-11-12 Gibbs Die Casting Aluminum Corporation Aluminum alloy and method for making die cast products
JPH093610A (ja) 1995-06-15 1997-01-07 Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd 寸法精度及び延性に優れた薄肉アルミダイカスト製品及び製造方法
DE19524564A1 (de) 1995-06-28 1997-01-02 Vaw Alucast Gmbh Aluminiumguß-Legierung
EP1612286B1 (de) 2004-06-29 2011-07-13 ALUMINIUM RHEINFELDEN GmbH Aluminium-Druckgusslegierung
EP1978120B1 (de) 2007-03-30 2012-06-06 Technische Universität Clausthal Aluminium-Silizium-Gussleglerung und Verfahren zu Ihrer Herstellung
CN104093867B (zh) 2011-10-28 2017-05-03 美铝公司 高性能AlSiMgCu铸造合金
SI2657360T1 (sl) 2012-04-26 2014-07-31 Audi Ag Zlitina za tlačno litje na osnovi Al-Si, ki obsega še zlasti sekundarni aluminij
ES2582527T3 (es) * 2013-10-23 2016-09-13 Befesa Aluminio, S.L. Aleación de aluminio para fundición
US20170121793A1 (en) * 2015-04-15 2017-05-04 Daiki Aluminium Industry Co., Ltd. Aluminum alloy for die casting, and aluminum alloy die cast produced using same

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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ES2753164T3 (es) 2020-04-07
EP3342889A1 (de) 2018-07-04

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