EP3342506B1 - Force gradient evaluation - Google Patents
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- EP3342506B1 EP3342506B1 EP17202976.1A EP17202976A EP3342506B1 EP 3342506 B1 EP3342506 B1 EP 3342506B1 EP 17202976 A EP17202976 A EP 17202976A EP 3342506 B1 EP3342506 B1 EP 3342506B1
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- mandrel
- force
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000036461 convulsion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001303 quality assessment method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000418 atomic force spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000707 wrist Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
- B21J15/04—Riveting hollow rivets mechanically
- B21J15/043—Riveting hollow rivets mechanically by pulling a mandrel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/10—Riveting machines
- B21J15/105—Portable riveters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J15/00—Riveting
- B21J15/10—Riveting machines
- B21J15/28—Control devices specially adapted to riveting machines not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups
- B21J15/285—Control devices specially adapted to riveting machines not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups for controlling the rivet upset cycle
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a blind riveting method and a portable blind riveting device for carrying it out.
- Blind riveting processes are used to connect at least two components (joining partners).
- a blind riveting process is characterized by the fact that the components to be connected need to be pre-punched. A rivet is pressed into the hole and then the rivet mandrel is acted upon until it breaks off. Then the riveting process is finished.
- Riveting devices of all kinds are known, but in industrial applications it is desirable to monitor each individual connection step, especially in order to meet the high quality requirements for the riveted connections.
- a blind rivet setting method is known in which at least, among other things, the force gradient is monitored in order to detect a break in the rivet mandrel and to be able to bring the pulling mechanism back into the starting position at an early stage.
- a method according to the invention is defined in claim 1 and is used to connect at least two components using a blind riveting device.
- a portable blind riveting device with integrated control is used. This control is intended for self-sufficient device control, i.e. it can take over complex control processes for the blind riveting device without the need for a higher-level external blind rivet control, in particular quality monitoring processes and documentation processes, as well as measured value evaluations regarding individual device components.
- An integrated pulling mechanism is also provided for pulling on a mandrel of a blind rivet. The pulling mechanism is subjected to a force specified by the control, which is transmitted to the mandrel, with a force gradient being determined by the control at least temporarily, preferably continuously, during the pulling process. This can be a temporal gradient, i.e. force per time, and/or a local gradient, i.e. force per path.
- a force as a function of the position or path of the pulling mechanism can be used to assess the quality of the blind riveting process. For example, it can be examined whether the force curve is within certain limit values, for example a so-called envelope curve. If the yield point of the rivet mandrel is reached (elongation of the rivet mandrel), then it is shortly before it breaks off, and the gradient also drops. If the force gradient is now monitored by the control (continuously or according to predeterminable time periods), changes in the rivet mandrel can be recorded particularly advantageously and in a very simple manner and an impending tear-off process can be recognized and thus influenced.
- certain limit values for example a so-called envelope curve. If the yield point of the rivet mandrel is reached (elongation of the rivet mandrel), then it is shortly before it breaks off, and the gradient also drops. If the force gradient is now monitored by the control (continuously or according to predeterminable time periods), changes in the rivet mandrel can be recorded particularly advantageously and in a very simple manner
- the force gradient is determined during at least a selected time and/or distance range during the riveting process. This makes it possible, for example, to select the time or distance ranges in which experience shows that demolition is to be expected. This means that monitoring of the entire blind riveting process is not necessary.
- the force gradient is determined over the entire period of time or over the entire path of the rivet mandrel. This makes it more likely that the break point will be detected exactly, especially if, for example, a break occurs at an unusual position or at an unusual time.
- the force gradient is advantageously determined by means of a time- or distance-dependent scanning.
- time-dependent scanning the force can be recorded at a certain frequency, for example, so that the gradient can be determined.
- path-dependent scanning the force can be recorded, for example, after every certain distance has been covered by the pulling mechanism, for example every 5 ⁇ m.
- path-dependent scanning for example, a low feed rate can be taken into account insofar as only a small amount of data is generated.
- a suitable frequency for example 50 or 100 kHz, so that the amount of data is not too large, but a gradient can still be recorded with sufficient precision and thus a break can be detected.
- the control carries out an action using the determined force gradient and in particular influences the pulling speed and/or pulling force. This is done depending on at least one gradient parameter and one train speed parameter.
- the gradient parameter particularly preferably defines a force gradient drop from which the action is carried out if a force gradient drop determined by the controller reaches the gradient parameter.
- the train speed parameter defines a train speed change from which the action is carried out if a train speed change determined by the controller reaches the train speed parameter.
- the control system detects a mandrel break ahead of time by means of the force gradient.
- the control returns the pulling mechanism to a mechanical starting position at the latest when the mandrel break is detected, in particular before it is reached a mechanical end position.
- the force gradient is preferably also used to detect a device defect and/or a problem in the blind rivet connection produced.
- the control it is possible, for example, to detect wear-related changes in the train mechanics early and to initiate preventive maintenance work or to detect connections that do not conform to the specification very early in the process.
- the defect is preferably detected by comparing the force gradient with at least one force gradient threshold value stored in the controller. This makes it possible to define and communicate (even several) maintenance thresholds.
- threshold values can be selected, for example, based on test or empirical values. A defect can then be detected if the gradient (in terms of magnitude) exceeds the threshold value. It can be taken into account that, for example, a defect can only be assumed from a certain value of the gradient. It is also understood that such threshold values are material-dependent and can therefore, for example, be specified or set each time the riveting device is used again, that is, can be specified by a user. In addition to the type of material, the thickness of the components to be connected can also be relevant. It is also conceivable that a distinction is made between different types of defects and/or defects in different components, for example a component and the rivet, by using different threshold values.
- a detected defect is displayed on display means, for example a display. This means that a defect can be identified quickly and the corresponding components or rivet can be sorted out. An acoustic signal that indicates the detection of a defect is also conceivable.
- the blind riveting device is therefore preferably also provided in order to implement such signaling.
- the force gradient is linked to an associated riveting process and stored in the blind riveting device, in particular even if a defect or connection error has been detected.
- a further method and/or a further quality parameter is determined for a quality assessment of a connection produced by means of an associated blind riveting process.
- the method or the quality parameter can be, for example, a force-distance or a force-time curve.
- a quality assessment of the entire blind riveting process can be carried out, which in particular also allows an assessment of other or additional factors of the blind riveting process in addition to the detection of the tear.
- redundant evaluation criteria are also possible in this way, at least in part. Two redundant evaluation criteria are often even required for reasons of process reliability. In addition, one can then take advantage of the fact that the force has to be recorded anyway for the force gradient.
- a control program according to the invention is set up, in particular in terms of programming, to carry out a method according to one of the preceding claims when it is executed on the control of the blind riveting device.
- Suitable data carriers for providing the computer program are, in particular, magnetic, optical and electrical memories, such as hard drives, flash memories, EEPROMs, DVDs, etc. It is also possible to download a program via computer networks (Internet, intranet, etc.).
- FIG. 1 an exemplary force-position curve is shown in a blind riveting process.
- a first gradient region 103 an evaluation zone 104 of the force F and a descending second gradient region 105 are shown.
- a force F is plotted against a position or a path s in mm, within which the evaluation zone 104 falls.
- F(s) in kN indicates a curve of a force F that is exerted on the rivet mandrel to remove it, as a function of the position s of the pulling mechanism during removal. It should be noted that only a relative position s, i.e. the path traveled by the train mechanics, is relevant here.
- the hand tool 100 is designed as a battery-operated hand tool 100.
- the hand tool 100 has the following essential components: tool control 101 and pull mechanism 102.
- This hand tool is preferably designed as a portable battery-powered blind riveting device.
- the tool control 101 is provided as an integrated, self-sufficient control that is set up to carry out a method according to the invention.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Blindnietverfahren und eine tragbare Blindnietvorrichtung zu dessen Durchführung.The present invention relates to a blind riveting method and a portable blind riveting device for carrying it out.
Blindnietverfahren dienen zum Verbinden wenigstens zweier Bauteile (Fügepartner). Ein Blindnietverfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass ein Vorlochen der miteinander zu verbindenden Bauteile erforderlich ist. Ein Niet wird in das Loch eingedrückt und anschließend wird auf den Nietdorn solange eingewirkt, bis dieser abreißt. Dann ist der Nietvorgang beendet.Blind riveting processes are used to connect at least two components (joining partners). A blind riveting process is characterized by the fact that the components to be connected need to be pre-punched. A rivet is pressed into the hole and then the rivet mandrel is acted upon until it breaks off. Then the riveting process is finished.
Nietvorrichtungen aller Art sind bekannt, es ist jedoch bei industriellen Anwendungen wünschenswert, jeden einzelnen Verbindungschritt zu überwachen, insbesondere auch um, den hohen Qualitätsanforderungen an die Nietverbindungen gerecht zu werden.Riveting devices of all kinds are known, but in industrial applications it is desirable to monitor each individual connection step, especially in order to meet the high quality requirements for the riveted connections.
Aus der
Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Blindnietverfahren und eine Blindnietvorrichtung vorgeschlagen. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche sowie der nachfolgenden Beschreibung.According to the invention, a blind riveting method and a blind riveting device are proposed. Advantageous refinements are the subject of the subclaims and the following description.
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren ist in Anspruch 1 definiert und dient zum Verbinden wenigstens zweier Bauteile mittels einer Blindnietvorrichtung. Dabei wird eine tragbare Blindnietvorrichtung mit integrierter Steuerung verwendet. Diese Steuerung ist vorgesehen für die autarke Vorrichtungssteuerung, d.h. sie kann komplexe Steuervorgänge für das Blindnietgerät ohne das Erfordernis einer übergeordneten externen Blindnietsteuerung übernehmen, insbesondere auch Qualitätsüberwachungsprozesse und Dokumentationsprozesse, sowie Messwertauswertungen bezüglich einzelner Vorrichtungskomponenten. Auch ist eine integrierte Zugmechanik vorgesehen für das Ziehen an einem Dorn eines Blindniets. Die Zugmechanik wird mit einer von der Steuerung vorgegebenen Kraft beaufschlagt, welche auf den Dorn übertragen wird, wobei während des Zugvorgangs von der Steuerung ein Kraftgradient zumindest zeitweise, vorzugsweise kontinuierlich, ermittelt wird. Es kann sich dabei um einen zeitlichen Gradienten, d.h. Kraft pro Zeit, und/oder um einen örtlichen Gradienten, d.h. Kraft pro Weg, handeln.A method according to the invention is defined in claim 1 and is used to connect at least two components using a blind riveting device. A portable blind riveting device with integrated control is used. This control is intended for self-sufficient device control, i.e. it can take over complex control processes for the blind riveting device without the need for a higher-level external blind rivet control, in particular quality monitoring processes and documentation processes, as well as measured value evaluations regarding individual device components. An integrated pulling mechanism is also provided for pulling on a mandrel of a blind rivet. The pulling mechanism is subjected to a force specified by the control, which is transmitted to the mandrel, with a force gradient being determined by the control at least temporarily, preferably continuously, during the pulling process. This can be a temporal gradient, i.e. force per time, and/or a local gradient, i.e. force per path.
Bei Blindnietverfahren kann eine Kraft als Funktion der Position bzw. des Wegs der Zugmechanik für eine Qualitätsbewertung des Blindnietprozesses herangezogen werden. Dabei kann bspw. untersucht werden, ob sich der Kraftverlauf innerhalb gewisser Grenzwerte, bspw. einer sog. Hüllkurve, bewegt. Wird die Streckgrenze des Nietdorns erreicht (Längung des Nietdorns), dann befindet sich dieser kurz vor dem Abriss, zusätzlich fällt der Gradient ab. Wird nun der Kraftgradient von der Steuerung überwacht (kontinuierlich oder gemäß vorgebbarer Zeitabschnitte), so können aufgrund von Veränderungen des Gradienten besonders vorteilhaft und auf sehr einfache Weise auch die Veränderungen des Nietdorns erfasst werden und ein bevorstehender Abreißvorgang erkannt, und damit auch beeinflusst, werden.In blind riveting processes, a force as a function of the position or path of the pulling mechanism can be used to assess the quality of the blind riveting process. For example, it can be examined whether the force curve is within certain limit values, for example a so-called envelope curve. If the yield point of the rivet mandrel is reached (elongation of the rivet mandrel), then it is shortly before it breaks off, and the gradient also drops. If the force gradient is now monitored by the control (continuously or according to predeterminable time periods), changes in the rivet mandrel can be recorded particularly advantageously and in a very simple manner and an impending tear-off process can be recognized and thus influenced.
Es ist erfindungsgemäß, insbesondere bei industriellen Anwendungen, möglich, jeden einzelnen Verbindungschritt zu überwachen, um den hohen Qualitätsanforderungen an die Nietverbindungen gerecht zu werden.According to the invention, particularly in industrial applications, it is possible to monitor each individual connection step in order to meet the high quality requirements for the riveted connections.
Vorzugsweise wird der Kraftgradient während wenigstens eines ausgewählten Zeit- und/oder Wegbereiches während des Nietvorgangs ermittelt. Damit können bspw. die Zeit- bzw. Wegbereiche ausgewählt werden, in denen erfahrungsgemäß der Abriss zu erwarten ist. Somit ist keine Überwachung des gesamten Blindnietvorgangs nötig.Preferably, the force gradient is determined during at least a selected time and/or distance range during the riveting process. This makes it possible, for example, to select the time or distance ranges in which experience shows that demolition is to be expected. This means that monitoring of the entire blind riveting process is not necessary.
Alternativ ist es auch bevorzugt, wenn der Kraftgradient während der gesamten Zeitdauer oder während des gesamten Wegs des Nietdorns ermittelt wird. Damit ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit höher, den Abrisspunkt exakt zu erkennen, insbesondere wenn bspw. ein Abriss an einer unüblichen Position oder zu einer unüblichen Zeit auftritt.Alternatively, it is also preferred if the force gradient is determined over the entire period of time or over the entire path of the rivet mandrel. This makes it more likely that the break point will be detected exactly, especially if, for example, a break occurs at an unusual position or at an unusual time.
Vorteilhafterweise wird der Kraftgradient mittels einer zeit- oder wegabhängigen Abtastung ermittelt. Bei der zeitabhängigen Abtastung kann die Kraft bspw. mit einer bestimmten Frequenz erfasst werden, sodass der Gradient ermittelt werden kann. Bei der wegabhängigen Abtastung kann die Kraft bspw. nach jedem Zurücklegen einer bestimmten Distanz durch die Zugmechanik, bspw. alle 5 µm, erfasst werden. Bei der wegabhängigen Abtastung kann bspw. einer geringen Vorschubgeschwindigkeit insofern Rechnung getragen werden, als nur eine geringe Datenmenge anfällt. Bei der zeitabhängigen Abtastung sollte bspw. auf eine geeignete Frequenz, bspw. 50 oder 100 kHz, geachtet werden, sodass keine zu hohe Datenmenge anfällt, aber dennoch eine hinreichend genaue Erfassung eines Gradienten und damit eine Erkennung eines Abrisses möglich ist.The force gradient is advantageously determined by means of a time- or distance-dependent scanning. With time-dependent scanning, the force can be recorded at a certain frequency, for example, so that the gradient can be determined. With path-dependent scanning, the force can be recorded, for example, after every certain distance has been covered by the pulling mechanism, for example every 5 µm. With path-dependent scanning, for example, a low feed rate can be taken into account insofar as only a small amount of data is generated. For time-dependent sampling, for example, attention should be paid to a suitable frequency, for example 50 or 100 kHz, so that the amount of data is not too large, but a gradient can still be recorded with sufficient precision and thus a break can be detected.
Die Steuerung führt mittels des ermittelten Kraftgradienten eine Aktion aus und beeinflusst insbesondere die Zuggeschwindigkeit und/oder Zugkraft. Dies erfolgt abhängig von wenigstens einem Gradienten-Parameter und von einem Zuggeschwindigkeits-Parameter. Der Gradienten-Parameter definiert besonders bevorzugt einen Kraft-Gradientenabfall, ab dem die Aktion ausgeführt wird, sofern ein von der Steuerung ermittelter Kraft-Gradientenabfall den Gradienten-Parameter erreicht.The control carries out an action using the determined force gradient and in particular influences the pulling speed and/or pulling force. This is done depending on at least one gradient parameter and one train speed parameter. The gradient parameter particularly preferably defines a force gradient drop from which the action is carried out if a force gradient drop determined by the controller reaches the gradient parameter.
Der Zuggeschwindigkeits-Parameter definiert erfindungsgemäß eine Zuggeschwindigkeitsveränderung, ab welcher die Aktion ausgeführt wird, sofern eine von der Steuerung ermittelte Zuggeschwindigkeitsveränderung den Zuggeschwindigkeits-Parameter erreicht. Mittels der Steuerung ist es damit möglich den bei weniger innovativen Lösungen auftretenden starken mechanischen Ruck beim Abreißen des Nietdorns abzuschwächen, denn dieser Ruck verursacht Erschütterungen am Handgelenk des Werkers und an der Vorrichtungsmechanik und kann daher zu vorzeitigem Verschleiß beitragen. Vorteilhafterweise erkennt die Steuerung mittels des Kraftgradienten einen Dornabriss vorzeitig. Bevorzugt fährt die Steuerung spätestens ab einem Erkennen des Dornabrisses die Zugmechanik in eine mechanische Ausgangsstellung zurück, insbesondere vor Erreichen einer mechanischen Endstellung. Wird die Zugmechanik schon vor Erreichen ihrer mechanischen Endstellung in ihre mechanische Ausgangsstellung zurückgefahren, so spart dies Prozesszeit, weil nun in derselben Zeit mehr Nietvorgänge realisierbar sind. Außerdem spart es elektrische Energie und schont die Energieversorgung, z.B. Akku, des tragbaren Blindnietgerätes.According to the invention, the train speed parameter defines a train speed change from which the action is carried out if a train speed change determined by the controller reaches the train speed parameter. By means of the control, it is possible to weaken the strong mechanical jerk that occurs with less innovative solutions when the rivet mandrel is torn off, because this jerk causes vibrations on the worker's wrist and on the device mechanics and can therefore contribute to premature wear. Advantageously, the control system detects a mandrel break ahead of time by means of the force gradient. Preferably, the control returns the pulling mechanism to a mechanical starting position at the latest when the mandrel break is detected, in particular before it is reached a mechanical end position. If the pulling mechanism is moved back to its mechanical starting position before reaching its mechanical end position, this saves process time because more riveting processes can now be carried out in the same time. It also saves electrical energy and protects the energy supply, e.g. battery, of the portable blind riveting tool.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird der Kraftgradient bevorzugt auch für eine Erkennung eines Vorrichtungs-Defekts und/oder eines Problems bei der hergestellten Blindnietverbindung verwendet. Mittels der Steuerung ist es damit möglich beispielsweise verschleißbedingte Veränderungen der Zugmechanik vorzeitig zu erkennen und vorsorglich Wartungsarbeiten einzuleiten oder nicht spezifikationskonforme Verbindungen sehr früh im Prozess zu erkennen. Die Erkennung des Defekts erfolgt bevorzugt anhand eines Vergleichs des Kraftgradienten mit wenigstens einem in der Steuerung abgelegten Kraftgradienten-Schwellwert. Es ist damit möglich (auch mehrere) Wartungsschwellen zu definieren und zu kommunizieren.In a further embodiment of the invention, the force gradient is preferably also used to detect a device defect and/or a problem in the blind rivet connection produced. Using the control, it is possible, for example, to detect wear-related changes in the train mechanics early and to initiate preventive maintenance work or to detect connections that do not conform to the specification very early in the process. The defect is preferably detected by comparing the force gradient with at least one force gradient threshold value stored in the controller. This makes it possible to define and communicate (even several) maintenance thresholds.
Derartige Schwellwerte können bspw. aufgrund von Test- bzw. Erfahrungswerten gewählt werden. Es kann dann ein Defekt erkannt werden, wenn der Gradient (betragsmäßig) den Schwellwert überschreitet. Dabei kann berücksichtigt werden, dass bspw. erst ab einem bestimmten Wert des Gradienten überhaupt von einem Defekt ausgegangen werden kann. Es versteht sich auch, dass solche Schwellwerte materialabhängig sind und daher auch bspw. bei jeder neuen Verwendung des Nietgeräts neu vorgegeben bzw. eingestellt werden können, d.h. von einem Benutzer vorgebbar sind. Neben der Art des Materials kann aber bspw. auch die Dicke der zu verbindenden Bauteile relevant sein. Denkbar ist dabei auch, dass über die Verwendung verschiedener Schwellwerte eine Unterscheidung zwischen verschiedenen Arten von Defekten und/oder Defekten an verschiedenen Komponenten, also bspw. einem Bauteil und dem Niet, getroffen wird.Such threshold values can be selected, for example, based on test or empirical values. A defect can then be detected if the gradient (in terms of magnitude) exceeds the threshold value. It can be taken into account that, for example, a defect can only be assumed from a certain value of the gradient. It is also understood that such threshold values are material-dependent and can therefore, for example, be specified or set each time the riveting device is used again, that is, can be specified by a user. In addition to the type of material, the thickness of the components to be connected can also be relevant. It is also conceivable that a distinction is made between different types of defects and/or defects in different components, for example a component and the rivet, by using different threshold values.
Denkbar ist auch, dass ein erkannter Defekt auf Anzeigemitteln, bspw. einem Display, angezeigt wird. So kann ein Defekt schnell erkannt werden und die entsprechenden Bauteile bzw. der Niet können aussortiert werden. Denkbar ist dabei auch ein akustisches Signal, das die Erkennung eines Defekts angibt. Das Blindnietgerät ist daher bevorzugt auch vorgesehen, um eine solche Signalisierung zu realisieren.It is also conceivable that a detected defect is displayed on display means, for example a display. This means that a defect can be identified quickly and the corresponding components or rivet can be sorted out. An acoustic signal that indicates the detection of a defect is also conceivable. The blind riveting device is therefore preferably also provided in order to implement such signaling.
Besonders bevorzugt wird der Kraftgradient mit einem zugehörigen Nietvorgang verknüpft und im Blindnietgerät abgespeichert, insbesondere auch dann, wenn ein Defekt oder Verbindungsfehler erkannt wurde.Particularly preferably, the force gradient is linked to an associated riveting process and stored in the blind riveting device, in particular even if a defect or connection error has been detected.
Damit ist eine Dokumentation des Nietvorgangs und dessen Qualität möglich ("Logbuchfunktion"). Bspw. können auf diese Weise später Defekte leicht aufgefunden oder erklärt werden. Zudem ist eine solche Dokumentation für industrielle Anwendungen oftmals vorgeschrieben. Zweckmäßig kann es auch sein, die Verknüpfung und Abspeicherung nur durchzuführen, wenn ein Defekt erkannt wurde. Damit wird eine unnötige Erzeugung von Daten vermieden. Möglich ist auf diese Weise auch, eine insgesamt während eines bestimmten Zeitraums auftretende Anzahl an Defekten zu ermitteln, wodurch bspw. Rückschlüsse auf eine Qualität der verwendeten Bauteile bzw. Niete möglich ist. Mittels der Steuerung ist es damit daher möglich während des Verbindungsvorgangs vorherrschende Randbedingungen zu dokumentieren. Mittels der Steuerung ist es damit auch möglich beim Verbindungsvorgang aufgetretene Probleme zu dokumentieren.This makes it possible to document the riveting process and its quality (“logbook function”). For example, defects can be easily found or explained later in this way. In addition, such documentation is often required for industrial applications. It can also be useful to only carry out the linking and saving if a defect has been detected. This avoids unnecessary generation of data. In this way, it is also possible to determine the total number of defects that occur during a certain period of time, which makes it possible, for example, to draw conclusions about the quality of the components or rivets used. Using the control, it is therefore possible to document prevailing boundary conditions during the connection process. Using the control, it is also possible to document problems that occur during the connection process.
Es ist auch von Vorteil, wenn zusätzlich zu dem Kraftgradienten ein weiteres Verfahren und/oder eine weitere Qualitätskenngröße für eine Qualitätsbewertung einer mittels eines zugehörigen Blindnietvorgangs erzeugten Verbindung ermittelt wird. Bei dem Verfahren bzw. der Qualitätskenngröße kann es sich bspw. um einen Kraft-Weg- oder einen Kraft-ZeitVerlauf handeln. Auf diese Weise kann eine Qualitätsbewertung des gesamten Blindnietvorgangs erfolgen, die insbesondere auch eine Bewertung anderer bzw. zusätzlicher Faktoren des Blindnietvorgangs neben der Erkennung des Abrisses erlaubt. Zudem sind auf diese Weise auch, zumindest teilweise, redundante Bewertungskriterien möglich. Zwei redundante Bewertungskriterien sind aus Gründen der Prozesssicherheit oftmals sogar gefordert. Zudem kann sich dann zunutze gemacht werden, dass für den Kraftgradienten die Kraft ohnehin erfasst werden muss.It is also advantageous if, in addition to the force gradient, a further method and/or a further quality parameter is determined for a quality assessment of a connection produced by means of an associated blind riveting process. The method or the quality parameter can be, for example, a force-distance or a force-time curve. In this way, a quality assessment of the entire blind riveting process can be carried out, which in particular also allows an assessment of other or additional factors of the blind riveting process in addition to the detection of the tear. In addition, redundant evaluation criteria are also possible in this way, at least in part. Two redundant evaluation criteria are often even required for reasons of process reliability. In addition, one can then take advantage of the fact that the force has to be recorded anyway for the force gradient.
Bezüglich der beanspruchten tragbaren Blindnietvorrichtung sei an dieser Stelle zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die obigen Ausführungen zum erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren verwiesen.With regard to the claimed portable blind riveting device, reference is made at this point to the above statements on the method according to the invention in order to avoid repetition.
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Steuerungsprogramm ist, insbesondere programmtechnisch, dazu eingerichtet ein Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche durchzuführen, wenn es auf der Steuerung der Blindnietvorrichtung ausgeführt wird.A control program according to the invention is set up, in particular in terms of programming, to carry out a method according to one of the preceding claims when it is executed on the control of the blind riveting device.
Auch die Implementierung des Verfahrens in Form eines Computerprogramms ist vorteilhaft, da dies besonders geringe Kosten verursacht, insbesondere wenn ein ausführendes Steuergerät noch für weitere Aufgaben genutzt wird und daher ohnehin vorhanden ist. Geeignete Datenträger zur Bereitstellung des Computerprogramms sind insbesondere magnetische, optische und elektrische Speicher, wie z.B. Festplatten, Flash-Speicher, EEPROMs, DVDs u.a.m. Auch ein Download eines Programms über Computernetze (Internet, Intranet usw.) ist möglich.The implementation of the method in the form of a computer program is also advantageous because this causes particularly low costs, especially if an executing control device is used for additional tasks and is therefore available anyway. Suitable data carriers for providing the computer program are, in particular, magnetic, optical and electrical memories, such as hard drives, flash memories, EEPROMs, DVDs, etc. It is also possible to download a program via computer networks (Internet, intranet, etc.).
Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und der beiliegenden Zeichnung.Further advantages and refinements of the invention result from the description and the accompanying drawing.
Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachfolgend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the combination specified in each case, but also in other combinations or alone, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Die Erfindung ist anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt und wird im Folgenden unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung ausführlich beschrieben.The invention is shown schematically in the drawing using an exemplary embodiment and is described in detail below with reference to the drawing.
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Figur 1 zeigt einen Kraft-Positions-Verlauf bei einem Blindnietverfahren.Figure 1 shows a force-position curve during a blind riveting process. -
Figur 2 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes tragbares Blindnietzsetzgerät.Figure 2 shows a portable blind rivet setting device according to the invention.
In
Dabei ist eine Kraft F gegenüber einer Position bzw. einem Weg s in mm aufgetragen, innerhalb welcher die Auswertungszone 104 fällt. Mit F(s) in kN ist dabei ein Verlauf einer Kraft F, die zum Abziehen des Nietdorns auf diesen ausgeübt wird, als Funktion gegenüber der Position s der Zugmechanik beim Abziehen angegeben. Es sei angemerkt, dass hierbei lediglich eine relative Position s, d.h. der zurückgelegte Weg der Zugmechanik, relevant ist.A force F is plotted against a position or a path s in mm, within which the
Am Verlauf F(s) ist zu erkennen, dass kurz vor dem Abriss eine Unregelmäßigkeit in Form eines Kraftabfalls auftritt. Zuvor ändert sich die Kraft relativ zum Weg s von einer positiven Steigung in eine negative Steigung. Mit dF kann daher der Rückgang der Kraft F während eines Wegabschnitts ds bezeichnet werden. Dies bedeutet, dass hier ein (örtlicher) Gradient dF/ds vorliegt. Die Ermittlung dieses Gradienten 103 und den Vergleich mit einem Schwellwert übernimmt die Steuerung und koordiniert somit das Verhalten der Vorrichtungsmechanik kurz vor und/oder während und/oder nach dem Abriss. Es versteht sich, dass der Gradient nicht nur wegabhängig, sondern auch zeitabhängig ermittelt werden kann. Um die erfindungsgemäße Idee zu implementieren, wird mittels eines auf der Steuerung ablauffähigen Computerprogramms, welches das beanspruchte Verfahren ausführt, der Abfall 105 des Gradienten erkannt.It can be seen from the curve F(s) that an irregularity in the form of a drop in force occurs shortly before the break. Before that, the force changes from a positive slope to a negative slope relative to the distance s. dF can therefore be used to describe the decrease in force F during a path section ds. This means that there is a (local) gradient dF/ds here. The control takes over the determination of this
In
Dieses Handwerkzeug ist bevorzugt als tragbare Akku-Blindnietvorrichtung ausgebildet. Die Werkzeugsteuerung 101 ist als eine integrierte autarke Steuerung vorgesehen, die dazu eingerichtet ist, ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren durchzuführen.This hand tool is preferably designed as a portable battery-powered blind riveting device. The
Claims (9)
- Method for connecting at least two components by means of a handheld tool designed as a portable blind riveting device (100) with an integrated controller (101), provided for the autonomous device control, and with an integrated pulling mechanism (102), provided for pulling on a mandrel of a blind rivet, wherein the pulling mechanism (102) is subjected to a force which is predefined by the controller (101) and which is transmitted to the mandrel, characterized in that a force gradient and a pulling rate change are determined at least at times during the pulling process by the controller (101), wherein starting from a defined pulling rate change the controller (101) influences the pulling mechanism (102) on the basis of the force gradient, thereby weakening a mechanical jerk that occurs when the riveting mandrel breaks off.
- Method according to Claim 1, wherein the controller (101) recognizes a mandrel break-off by means of the force gradient.
- Method according to Claim 2, wherein the controller (101), upon recognizing the mandrel break-off, returns the pulling mechanism (102) to a mechanical starting position, in particular before reaching a mechanical end position.
- Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the force gradient is also used for recognizing a defect with regard to the device and/or the blind riveting connection produced.
- Method according to Claim 4, wherein the defect is recognized on the basis of a comparison of the force gradient with at least one force gradient threshold value stored in the controller (101).
- Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the force gradient is linked with an associated riveting process and is stored, in particular even if a defect or connection fault has been recognized.
- Portable blind riveting device (100), in particular rechargeable battery-powered blind riveting device, with an integrated pulling mechanism (102) for pulling on a mandrel of a blind rivet and with an integrated autonomous controller (101), which is configured to carry out a method according to any of the preceding claims.
- Control program which causes the blind riveting device (100) with the autonomous blind riveting controller (101) according to Claim 7 to carry out a method according to any of the preceding claims.
- Machine-readable storage medium with a control program according to Claim 8 stored thereon.
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DE102017200322.7A DE102017200322A1 (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2017-01-11 | Kraftgradientenauswertung |
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EP3342506B1 true EP3342506B1 (en) | 2024-03-06 |
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