EP2839893A1 - Method for operating an indirect extrusion press and indirect extrusion press - Google Patents
Method for operating an indirect extrusion press and indirect extrusion press Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2839893A1 EP2839893A1 EP14001406.9A EP14001406A EP2839893A1 EP 2839893 A1 EP2839893 A1 EP 2839893A1 EP 14001406 A EP14001406 A EP 14001406A EP 2839893 A1 EP2839893 A1 EP 2839893A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tool head
- indirect
- block
- material block
- receptacle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009964 serging Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/21—Presses specially adapted for extruding metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
- B21C35/02—Removing or drawing-off work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/20—Making uncoated products by backward extrusion
- B21C23/205—Making products of generally elongated shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/21—Presses specially adapted for extruding metal
- B21C23/212—Details
- B21C23/214—Devices for changing die or container
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/21—Presses specially adapted for extruding metal
- B21C23/218—Indirect extrusion presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C26/00—Rams or plungers; Discs therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
- B21C35/04—Cutting-off or removing waste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
- B21C35/06—Cleaning dies, ducts, containers or mandrels
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating an indirect extruder and an indirect extruder.
- a tool head comprising a die is kept smaller in diameter than the inner diameter of a block to the extent that a shell of about 0.2 mm to 2.0 mm wall thickness remains on the inner wall of the respective block receiver, as this example in the EP 0 224 115 B1 is-disclosed. Even with other materials, such as aluminum, the formation of a shell may be advantageous.
- Indirektstempel proposes the DE 101 31 901 A1 to unscrew a clearing ring on the Indirect stamp and relieve with a lock nut or a wear plate and / or a die over Locking pin, which are shrunk into corresponding holes in the Indirektstkovs to secure.
- the shell formed by the pressing of the block material is generally to be removed in order to be able to realize a reliable pressing for subsequent pressing operations.
- this is pulled out together with the tool head from the Blockaufêt, along with a high disassembly effort and assembly costs.
- a virtually residue-free removal of the shell from the billet is not possible thereby.
- a remaining remainder of the shell has an adverse effect on subsequent pressing operations or the reliability of subsequent pressing operations, since the remaining remainder during pressing can in particular lead to undesirable block compression of the metal block or material block during the charging process, which is provided for the subsequent pressing or pressing is.
- the remainder of the shell can hinder the safe introduction of a new tool head or a cleaned or repaired tool head into the billet receiver. In particular, tool head may jam on the remainder.
- step D a much more reliable removal of the shell can be realized in particular in that, according to step D, the shell or the shell formed can be pressed out of the material block receptacle by the additional tool head partly or wholly by the intended pushing out of the other tool head from the material block receptacle.
- step D the shell or the shell formed can be pressed out of the material block receptacle by the additional tool head partly or wholly by the intended pushing out of the other tool head from the material block receptacle.
- the pushing out of the shell from the material block receptacle by the further tool head can be carried out in a guided manner in the material block receptacle.
- One in known methods provided consuming removal by pulling or partial withdrawal of the shell from the billet together with the tool head - which is possible only at the cost of a certain unavoidable operating uncertainty, such as the dropping or tilting of the tool head - can be advantageously eliminated.
- the shell can also advantageously be removed without residue or virtually free of residue from the billet receiver or the material block receptacle.
- step D after the partial ejection of the shell from the material block receptacle, a supernatant formed by the partial pushing out of the shell can be separated from a remainder of the material to be separated.
- the supernatant can be sheared off for severing by means of a shearing knife.
- step B of the method the further tool head can be arranged by a manipulator of an industrial robot between Indirektstempel and material block receiving block pickup and added to the other tool head.
- step B can be carried out with very high process reliability.
- step D the other tool head can be slid when pushed out into a predetermined position on a manipulator or in the vicinity of a manipulator of an industrial robot and then grabbed by the manipulator and moved away from the billet receiver.
- step D can also be carried out with very high process reliability
- an indirect extruder comprising an indirect punch with a recordable on the Indirektstempel tool head, a closure piece and a longitudinally movable Blocketz scenery with a material block receptacle for receiving a block of material wherein the Blockaufillon of the closure piece on the Indirectstempel in a direction of movement is linearly movable, wherein the Indirektstempel is brought out by moving the block receiver in the direction of closure piece from the material block receptacle and can be introduced by moving in the opposite direction in this, the closure piece of a Maximal position with maximum distance to the Indirektstempel to the Indirektstkov out is linearly movable and wherein the indirect extruder is characterized in that in the maximum position of the maxi Male distance between the Closure piece and the Indirektstkov corresponds to at least the sum of the extensions of the tool head and the block receiver in the direction of
- step B of the above method can be performed in a simple manner reliable and thus also a more reliable removal of a trained shell are made possible.
- the reliable implementation of step B is made possible by the fact that the undisturbed arranging the further tool head between Indirektstempel and material block recording can be ensured by the provided maximum distance when the closure piece is in the maximum position or was previously moved into this maximum position. But other possibly not so reliable operation procedures in which, for example, a tool head initially ejected completely and then a new tool head after the billet has been moved as far as possible in the direction of the closure piece, is then possible.
- the maximum distance is formed larger than the sum by more than 2 mm in order to be able to arrange the further tool head between indirect punches and material block pick-up in step B of the method very reliably and in particular with sufficient play.
- a distance of a total of 4 mm is advantageous for a reliable operation, so that in each case 2 mm distance are available for the normal tool head change on both sides of the tool head.
- the tool head may have a tapered in the pressing direction of the indirect extruder or in the opposite direction conical section, which is provided for forming a shell chamber of the indirect extruder, which is bounded by the tapered portion and the inner wall of the material block receptacle, which limited the material block recording.
- the tool head can advantageously be released from the clasp of the shell, in particular by pushing out the tool head against the pressing direction from the material block receptacle, as provided in particular for the other tool head in step D of the method.
- the indirect punch comprises a peeling ring, which limits the shell chamber in the pressing direction and is detachable from the tool head.
- a separation of the tool head of the peeling ring or of the Indirektstempel can be made very easily.
- an indirect extrusion press 10 comprises an Indirektstempel 12 with a recordable on the Indirektstempel 12 tool head 14, a ram 13 with a closure piece 16 and a longitudinally movable Blocketzillon 18 with a material block receptacle 20 for receiving a block of material 22.
- the Indirektstempel 12 further comprises a Peeling ring 42.
- the material block 22, which is compressible into a press product by means of the indirect extruder 10, is a block of material 22 which is at least partially or wholly made of a metallic material, such as e.g. Aluminum, copper, brass or equivalent alloys may exist.
- the billet receiver 18 is movable in a straight line from the closure piece 16 via the indirect punch 12.
- the indirect stamp 12 can be brought out of the material block receptacle 20 by moving the block receiver 18 in the direction of the closure piece 16. Consequently, the indirect punch 12 can be introduced by moving the block receiver 18 in the opposite direction into the material block receptacle 20 (cf. Fig. 4 ). Since it essentially depends on relative movements, it goes without saying that in different embodiments, the indirect punch can also be movable, while other assemblies are merely stationary.
- a section of the material block 22 introduced into the material block receptacle 20 has already been moved by displacing the block receiver 18 and the material block 22 by means of the closure piece 16 or by means of the press ram 13 into a press product 17 in the form of a tube by being pressed through a die 19 of FIG Tool head 14 pressed, which was removed via a provided in the Indirektstempel 12 cavity 15.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the operating state of the indirect extruder 10, in which the material block 22 has been completely compressed to produce a Presser Wegnisses 17.
- the intended shearing blade 34 serves to shear off a press residue 35 formed during the pressing process after being extracted from the material block receptacle 20 by the tool head 14 or the block receptacle 18 and thereby by a shell 24 also formed during the pressing process which is located in a shell chamber 26 of the indirect extruder 10, wherein the shell chamber 26 is arranged radially around the tool head 14.
- the tool head 14 has a conical section 38 tapering in the pressing direction of the indirect extruder 10 or a tapering in the opposite direction, the shell chamber 26 being formed by the tapering section 38 and the inner wall 40 of the material block receptacle 20 is limited, so the inner wall 40, which limits the material block receptacle 20.
- FIGS. 4 to 8 serve to illustrate an embodiment of the method for operating the indirect extruder 10. After the compression of the material block 22 and the formation of the shell 24 in the shell chamber 26 are provided in the exemplary embodiment of the method to be explained further below steps A to D.
- FIG. 4 the situation after the execution of the step A and during the execution of the step B of the method. Illustrated in the FIG. 4
- the closure piece 16 is in a maximum position with a maximum distance between the closure piece 16 and the Indirektstempel 12, wherein the closure piece 16 and the plunger 13 is from the maximum position to the Indirektstempel 12 out linearly movable.
- a material block 22 can be introduced into the material block receptacle 20, this functionality of the closure piece 16 or of the ram 13 being required for pressing the respective material block 22 (cf. FIG. 2 ).
- the maximum distance is preferably formed by 7% greater than the sum the extensions of the tool head 14 and the block receiver 18 in the direction of movement, ie in the direction in which the block receiver 18 is rectilinearly movable by the closure piece 16 via the indirect punch 12.
- FIG. 4 also illustrates, albeit schematically, that in step B the further tool head 28 is arranged by a manipulator 36 of an industrial robot shown very schematically between the indirect punch 12 and the material block receptacle 20 and received on the further tool head 28.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the situation or operating state after performing step C of the method, wherein the step C, the introduction of the Indirektstkovs 12 together with the recorded additional tool head 28 in the material block receptacle 20 and the contacting of the other tool head 28 with the other tool head 14 by moving the block receiver 18 in the opposite direction - here by moving away from the closure piece 16 - includes.
- the FIG. 6 illustrates the situation or operating state of the indirect extruder during the performance of step D of the method.
- the step D comprises pushing out the other tool head 14 from the material block receptacle 20 by further moving the block receiver 18 in the opposite direction, during which further movement the shell 24 is partially pushed out of the material block receptacle 20 by the further tool head 28.
- the FIG. 6 This illustrates the situation in which step D is not yet completely completed, in particular the situation in which the shell 24 is still arranged entirely in the material block receptacle 20.
- FIG. 7 also illustrates an operating state or situation in which the step D is not yet completely completed, but shows a relation to the in FIG. 6 situation shown later in the situation.
- FIG. 7 It can be seen that already a substantial portion of the other tool head 14 has been pushed out of the material block receptacle 20. This other tool head 14 is pushed when pushed out into a predetermined position on a manipulator 36 of an industrial robot, wherein the manipulator 36 in the FIG. 7 is shown only very schematically.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the situation after pushing out the other tool head 14 from the material block receptacle 20 according to step D of the method. Illustrated here is the situation that the other tool head 14 is taken after being pushed out of the manipulator 36 and moved away from the block receiver 18 by means of the manipulator 36.
- the shell 24 by the other tool-head 28 present partially pushed out of the material block receptacle 20. Illustrated is in FIG. 8 also the situation that the supernatant 30 formed by the partial pushing out of the shell 24 is separated from a very small remainder (not illustrated here in detail) of the material, namely by shearing off or separating the supernatant 30 by means of the shearing blade 34 becomes. Such a small remainder is in itself negligible and fills the space formed by the next tool head 28 only insignificantly, so that the subsequent process sequence is not impaired thereby.
- FIG. 9 illustrates the situation, for example, after the replacement of the tool head 28 or in between, when a block of material 22 was completely pressed, is performed, wherein after the introduction of the other tool head 28 and the new tool head 28 in the material block receptacle 20th a further or new material block 22 is arranged in front of the other tool head 28 by means of a block loader 44, which pivots for this purpose in a predetermined position.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
Bei einem Verfahren zum Betreiben einer indirekten Strangpresse (10), wobei die indirekte Strangpresse (10) einen Indirektstempel (12) mit einem an dem Indirektstempel (12) aufnehmbarem Werkzeugkopf (14), ein Verschlussstück (16) und einen längsbeweglichen Blockaufnehmer (18) mit einer Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme (20) zur Aufnahme eines Werkstoffblocks (22) umfasst, wird nach dem Verpressen eines Werkstoffblocks (22) und der Ausbildung einer Schale (24) in einer Schalenkammer (26) ein auszuwechselnder Werkzeugkopf (14) von einem einzuwechselnden Werkzeugkopf (28) aus dem Blockaufnehmer (18) herausgeschoben, so dass ein sehr betriebssicheres Entfernen einer während eines oder mehrerer Pressvorgänge gebildeten Schale (24) möglich ist. Hierzu kann eine indirekte Strangpresse (10) einen maximalen Abstand zwischen einem Verschlussstück (16) und einem Indirektstempel (12) aufweisen, welcher zumindest der Summe der Erstreckungen des Werkzeugkopfs (14) und des Blockaufnehmers (18) in der Bewegungsrichtung entspricht.In a method for operating an indirect extrusion press (10), wherein the indirect extrusion press (10) comprises an indirect punch (12) with a tool head (14) receivable on the indirect punch (12), a closure piece (16) and a longitudinally movable block receiver (18) comprising a material block receptacle (20) for receiving a block of material (22), after the pressing of a block of material (22) and the formation of a shell (24) in a shell chamber (26) a tool head (14) to be replaced by a tool head to be loaded (28) pushed out of the block receiver (18), so that a very reliable removal of a shell formed during one or more pressing operations (24) is possible. For this purpose, an indirect extrusion press (10) may have a maximum distance between a closure piece (16) and an indirect punch (12), which corresponds at least to the sum of the extensions of the tool head (14) and the block receiver (18) in the direction of movement.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer indirekten Strangpresse und eine indirekte Strangpresse.The invention relates to a method for operating an indirect extruder and an indirect extruder.
Beim indirekten Pressen roher Metallblöcke, etwa aus Kupfer, Messing oder entsprechenden Legierungen, erfolgt der Umformvorgang zum Presserzeugnis unter Ausbildung einer Schale, um beispielsweise zu vermeiden, dass Verunreinigungen an der Oberfläche des zu verformenden Blockes in das fertige Presserzeugnis gelangen. Hierbei wird ein eine Matrize umfassender Werkzeugkopf in seinem Durchmesser in dem Maße geringer als der Innendurchmesser eines Blockes gehalten, dass eine Schale von etwa 0,2 mm bis 2,0 mm Wandstärke an der Innenwandung des jeweiligen Blockaufnehmers verbleibt, wie dieses beispielsweise auch in der
Hierbei ist zu unterscheiden zwischen direkten und indirekten Pressvorgängen, wobei beim direkten Pressen unter gleichgerichteter Führung eines Pressstempels und des umzuformenden Metalls in der Regel größere Presserzeugnisse gefertigt werden können. Beim indirekten Pressen, bei welchem der als Indirektstempel benannte Pressstempel und der Werkstoff gegensinnig geführt werden, treten in der Regel wesentlich weniger Reibungskräfte auf, da das Material nicht relativ zum Blockaufnehmer verlagert werden braucht. In der Regel können jedoch beim indirekten Pressen lediglich kleinere Presserzeugnisse hergestellt werden, da das Presserzeugnis durch den Indirektstempel hindurch abgeführt werden muss.In this case, a distinction must be made between direct and indirect pressing operations, with larger press products generally being able to be produced during direct pressing under the same direction of a press ram and the metal to be formed. In indirect pressing, in which the named as Indirektstempel ram and the material are guided in opposite directions, occur in the rule much less frictional forces, since the material does not need to be relocated relative to the billet. As a rule, however, only smaller press products can be produced during indirect pressing, since the press product has to be removed through the indirect punch.
Zur Verringerung von Werkstoffspannungen im Indirektstempel schlägt die
Nach ein oder mehreren Pressvorgängen ist in der Regel die sich durch das Verpressen des Blockmaterials gebildete Schale zu entfernen, um ein betriebssicheres Pressen für nachfolgende Pressvorgänge realisieren zu können. Bei bekannten Verfahren wird zum Entfernen der Schale diese zusammen mit dem Werkzeugkopf aus dem Blockaufnehmer herausgezogen, einhergehend mit einem hohen Demontageaufwand bzw. Montageaufwand. Ein nahezu restfreies Entfernen der Schale aus dem Blockaufnehmer ist dadurch jedoch nicht möglich. Ein verbleibender Rest der Schale wirkt sich jedoch nachteilig auf nachfolgende Pressvorgänge bzw. die Betriebssicherheit nachfolgender Pressvorgänge aus, da der verbleibende Rest beim Pressen insbesondere zu einer unerwünschten Blockstauchung des Metallblocks bzw. Werkstoffblocks beim Ladevorgang führen kann, der für die nachfolgende Verpressung bzw. Pressung vorgesehen ist. Ferner kann der verbleibende Rest der Schale ein sicheres Einbringen eines neuen Werkzeugkopfes bzw. eines gereinigten oder instand gesetzten Werkzeugkopfes in den Blockaufnehmer behindern. Insbesondere kann sich Werkzeugkopf an dem verbleibenden Rest verklemmen.After one or more pressing operations, the shell formed by the pressing of the block material is generally to be removed in order to be able to realize a reliable pressing for subsequent pressing operations. In known methods for removing the shell, this is pulled out together with the tool head from the Blockaufnehmer, along with a high disassembly effort and assembly costs. A virtually residue-free removal of the shell from the billet is not possible thereby. However, a remaining remainder of the shell has an adverse effect on subsequent pressing operations or the reliability of subsequent pressing operations, since the remaining remainder during pressing can in particular lead to undesirable block compression of the metal block or material block during the charging process, which is provided for the subsequent pressing or pressing is. Furthermore, the remainder of the shell can hinder the safe introduction of a new tool head or a cleaned or repaired tool head into the billet receiver. In particular, tool head may jam on the remainder.
Es ist Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer indirekten Strangpresse sowie eine indirekte Strangpresse anzugeben, mit welchen ein betriebssicheres Entfernen einer während eines oder mehrerer Pressvorgänge gebildeten Schale möglich ist.It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for operating an indirect extruder and an indirect extruder, with which a reliable removal of a shell formed during one or more pressing operations is possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren zum Betreiben einer indirekten Strangpresse mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und mit einer indirekten Strangpresse mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 6 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen bzw. Ausgestaltungen finden sich in den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung.This object is achieved with a method for operating an indirect extrusion press having the features of claim 1 and with an indirect extrusion press having the features of claim 6. Further advantageous embodiments or embodiments can be found in the subclaims and the following description.
Beim Betreiben einer indirekten Strangpresse kann ein gegenüber bekannten Verfahren betriebssicheres Entfernen der Schale dadurch realisiert werden, dass die folgenden Schritte vorgesehen sind:
- (A) Herausbringen des Indirektstempels aus der Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme durch Bewegen des Blockaufnehmers in Richtung Verschlussstück,
- (B) Anordnen eines weiteren Werkzeugkopfes zwischen Indirektstempel und Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme und Aufnehmen des weiteren Werkzeugkopfes an dem Indirektstempel,
- (C) Einbringen des Indirektstempels zusammen mit dem aufgenommenen weiteren Werkzeugkopf in die Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme und In-Kontakt-Bringen des weiteren Werkzeugkopfes mit dem anderen Werkzeugkopf durch Bewegen des Blockaufnehmers in der entgegengesetzten Richtung, und
- (D) Herausschieben des anderen Werkzeugkopfes aus der Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme durch weiteres Bewegen des Blockaufnehmers in der entgegengesetzten Richtung, wobei bei dem weiteren Bewegen die Schale durch den weiteren Werkzeugkopf teilweise oder zur Gänze aus der Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme gedrückt wird.
- (A) bringing out the indirect punch from the material block holder by moving the block receiver in the direction of the closure piece,
- (B) arranging a further tool head between the indirect punch and material block receptacle and receiving the further tool head on the indirect punch,
- (C) introducing the Indirektstempels together with the recorded additional tool head in the material block receiving and contacting the other tool head with the other tool head by moving the block receiver in the opposite direction, and
- (D) pushing out of the other tool head from the material block recording by further moving the block receiver in the opposite direction, wherein in the further moving the shell is pressed by the other tool head partially or wholly from the material block recording.
Im Unterschied zu den bekannten Verfahren, bei denen eine sich durch das Verpressen des oder der Werkstoffblöcke gebildete Schale aufwendig durch Herausziehen des jeweiligen Werkzeugkopfes aus dem Blockaufnehmer entfernt wird, kann durch Vorsehen der Schritte A bis D ein wesentlich betriebssichereres Entfernen der Schale insbesondere dadurch realisiert werden, dass gemäß Schritt D durch das vorgesehene Herausschieben des anderen Werkzeugkopfes aus der Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme die Schale bzw. die sich ausgebildete Schale durch den weiteren Werkzeugkopf teilweise oder zur Gänze aus der Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme herausgedrückt werden kann. Dies ist insbesondere eine Folge des Umstands, dass das Herausdrücken der Schale aus der Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme durch den weiteren Werkzeugkopf in geführter Weise in der Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme vorgenommen werden kann. Ein bei bekannten Verfahren vorgesehenes aufwendiges Entfernen durch Herausziehen bzw. teilweises Herausziehen der Schale aus dem Blockaufnehmer zusammen mit dem Werkzeugkopf - was nur unter Inkaufnahme einer gewissen unvermeidbaren Betriebsunsicherheit, wie z.B. dem Herunterfallen oder Verkannten des Werkzeugkopfs möglich ist - kann vorteilhaft entfallen.In contrast to the known methods in which a shell formed by the pressing of the material blocks or is removed consuming by pulling the respective tool head from the billet, by providing the steps A to D, a much more reliable removal of the shell can be realized in particular in that, according to step D, the shell or the shell formed can be pressed out of the material block receptacle by the additional tool head partly or wholly by the intended pushing out of the other tool head from the material block receptacle. This is in particular a consequence of the fact that the pushing out of the shell from the material block receptacle by the further tool head can be carried out in a guided manner in the material block receptacle. One in known methods provided consuming removal by pulling or partial withdrawal of the shell from the billet together with the tool head - which is possible only at the cost of a certain unavoidable operating uncertainty, such as the dropping or tilting of the tool head - can be advantageously eliminated.
Durch geeignete Prozessführung insbesondere bei der Durchführung des Schritts D kann die Schale ferner vorteilhaft restfrei bzw. nahezu restfrei aus dem Blockaufnehmer bzw. der Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme entfernt werden.By suitable process control, in particular in the implementation of step D, the shell can also advantageously be removed without residue or virtually free of residue from the billet receiver or the material block receptacle.
Insbesondere durch das Einbringen des Indirektstempels zusammen mit dem aufgenommenen weiteren Werkzeugkopf in die Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme und In-Kontakt-Bringen des weiteren Werkzeugkopfes mit dem anderen Werkzeugkopf durch Bewegen des Blockaufnehmers in der entgegengesetzten Richtung, wie dieses in (C) vorgenommen wird, kann sichergestellt werden, dass der weiteren Werkzeugkopf eine Bewegung in Bezug auf den Blockaufnehmer durchführt, die seiner Bewegung beim Indirektpressen selbst entspricht, so dass auch etwaige Schalenreste innerhalb des Blockaufnehmers bei geeigneter Verfahrensführung betriebssicher genauso behandelt werden, wie das gepresste Material selbst. Insbesondere kann beispielsweise ein Schälring des weiteren Werkzeugkopf auf etwaige Reste innerhalb des Werkstoffblocks entsprechend einwirken.In particular, by introducing the Indirektstempels together with the recorded additional tool head in the material block recording and bringing the other tool head with the other tool head by moving the block receiver in the opposite direction, as this is done in (C) can be ensured be that the other tool head performs a movement in relation to the billet, which corresponds to its movement in the indirect pressing itself, so that any peel residues within the billet with proper process management are treated reliably the same as the pressed material itself. In particular, for example, a peel ring Furthermore, the tool head act on any residues within the material block accordingly.
Sofern in Schritt D bei dem weiteren Bewegen die Schale durch den weiteren Werkzeugkopf teilweise aus der Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme herausgedrückt wird, kann in Schritt D nach dem teilweisen Herausdrücken der Schale aus der Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme ein durch das teilweise Herausdrücken der Schale gebildete Überstand von einem Rest des Werkstoffs abgetrennt werden. Diese Vorgehensweise ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn aufgrund konstruktiver bzw. prozesstechnischer Vorgaben das Vorliegen eines gewissen Rests des Werkstoffs nicht vermieden werden kann bzw. gegebenenfalls sogar erwünscht ist. Besonders vorteilhaft kann der Überstand zum Abtrennen mittels eines Schermessers abgeschert werden.If, in the further movement, the shell is pressed out of the material block receptacle by the further tool head in step D, in step D, after the partial ejection of the shell from the material block receptacle, a supernatant formed by the partial pushing out of the shell can be separated from a remainder of the material to be separated. This approach is particularly advantageous if the presence of a certain remainder of the material can not be avoided due to constructive or procedural specifications or may even be desirable. Particularly advantageously, the supernatant can be sheared off for severing by means of a shearing knife.
In Schritt B des Verfahrens kann der weitere Werkzeugkopf von einem Manipulator eines Industrieroboters zwischen Indirektstempel und Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme Blockaufnehmer angeordnet und an dem weiteren Werkzeugkopf aufgenommen werden. Durch den Einsatz des Manipulators eines Industrieroboters kann Schritt B mit sehr hoher Prozesssicherheit durchgeführt werden.In step B of the method, the further tool head can be arranged by a manipulator of an industrial robot between Indirektstempel and material block receiving block pickup and added to the other tool head. By using the manipulator of an industrial robot, step B can be carried out with very high process reliability.
In Schritt D kann der andere Werkzeugkopf bei dem Herausschieben in eine vorgegebene Position an einem Manipulator oder in Umgebung eines Manipulators eines Industrieroboters geschoben werden und anschließend von dem Manipulator ergriffen und von dem Blockaufnehmer wegbewegt werden. Durch diesen Einsatz des Manipulators eines Industrieroboters in Schritt D kann auch Schritt D mit sehr hoher Prozesssicherheit durchgeführt werdenIn step D, the other tool head can be slid when pushed out into a predetermined position on a manipulator or in the vicinity of a manipulator of an industrial robot and then grabbed by the manipulator and moved away from the billet receiver. Through this use of the manipulator of an industrial robot in step D, step D can also be carried out with very high process reliability
Durch geeignete Einbindung in den gesamten Verfahrensablauf kann aufgrund des Vorsehens eines Manipulators in den Schritten B und C in der oben beschriebenen Art und Weise auch vorteilhaft ein hoher Automatisierungsgrad erzielt werden.By suitable integration into the entire process sequence, a high degree of automation can advantageously also be achieved due to the provision of a manipulator in steps B and C in the manner described above.
Ein betriebssicheres Entfernen der Schale kann insbesondere kumulativ bzw. alternativ zu den vorstehenden Erläuterungen mittels einer indirekten Strangpresse realisiert werden, die einen Indirektstempel mit einem an dem Indirektstempel aufnehmbaren Werkzeugkopf, ein Verschlussstück und einen längsbeweglichen Blockaufnehmer mit einer Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme zur Aufnahme eines Werkstoffblocks umfasst, wobei der Blockaufnehmer von dem Verschlussstück über den Indirektstempel in eine Bewegungsrichtung gradlinig beweglich ist, wobei der Indirektstempel durch Bewegung des Blockaufnehmers in Richtung Verschlussstück aus der Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme herausbringbar ist und durch Bewegen in der entgegengesetzten Richtung in diese einbringbar ist, wobei das Verschlussstück von einer Maximalposition mit maximalem Abstand zu dem Indirektstempel zu dem Indirektstempel hin geradlinig bewegbar ist und wobei sich die indirekte Strangpresse dadurch auszeichnet, dass in der Maximalposition der maximale Abstand zwischen dem Verschlussstück und dem Indirektstempel zumindest der Summe der Erstreckungen des Werkzeugkopfs und des Blockaufnehmers in der Bewegungsrichtung entspricht.A reliable removal of the shell can be realized in particular cumulatively or alternatively to the above explanations by means of an indirect extruder comprising an indirect punch with a recordable on the Indirektstempel tool head, a closure piece and a longitudinally movable Blockaufnehmer with a material block receptacle for receiving a block of material wherein the Blockaufnehmer of the closure piece on the Indirectstempel in a direction of movement is linearly movable, wherein the Indirektstempel is brought out by moving the block receiver in the direction of closure piece from the material block receptacle and can be introduced by moving in the opposite direction in this, the closure piece of a Maximal position with maximum distance to the Indirektstempel to the Indirektstempel out is linearly movable and wherein the indirect extruder is characterized in that in the maximum position of the maxi Male distance between the Closure piece and the Indirektstempel corresponds to at least the sum of the extensions of the tool head and the block receiver in the direction of movement.
Durch Vorsehen dieses maximalen Abstandes kann Schritt B des obigen Verfahrens auf einfache Weise betriebssicher durchgeführt und mithin auch ein betriebssichereres Entfernen einer ausgebildeten Schale ermöglicht werden. Die betriebssichere Durchführung des Schritts B wird dadurch ermöglicht, dass durch den bereitgestellten maximalen Abstand ein ungestörtes Anordnen des weiteren Werkzeugkopfs zwischen Indirektstempel und Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme gewährleistet werden kann, wenn sich das Verschlussstück in der Maximalposition befindet bzw. zuvor in diese Maximalposition hinein bewegt wurde. Aber auch andere möglicherweise nicht so ganz betriebssichere Verfahrensführungen, bei welchen beispielsweise ein Werkzeugkopf zunächst ganz ausgestoßen und anschließend ein neuer Werkzeugkopf, nachdem der Blockaufnehmer in Richtung auf das Verschlussstück weitest möglich verlagert wurde, eingesetzt wird, sind dann möglich.By providing this maximum distance, step B of the above method can be performed in a simple manner reliable and thus also a more reliable removal of a trained shell are made possible. The reliable implementation of step B is made possible by the fact that the undisturbed arranging the further tool head between Indirektstempel and material block recording can be ensured by the provided maximum distance when the closure piece is in the maximum position or was previously moved into this maximum position. But other possibly not so reliable operation procedures in which, for example, a tool head initially ejected completely and then a new tool head after the billet has been moved as far as possible in the direction of the closure piece, is then possible.
Besonders bevorzugt ist der maximale Abstand um mehr als 2 mm größer ausgebildet als die Summe, um das Anordnen des weiteren Werkzeugkopfs zwischen Indirektstempel und Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme in Schritt B des Verfahrens sehr betriebssicher und insbesondere mit ausreichendem Spiel durchführen zu können. Insbesondere ist für einen betriebssicheren Ablauf ein Abstand von insgesamt 4 mm vorteilhaft, so dass für den normalen Werkzeugkopfwechsel beidseits des Werkzeugkopfes jeweils 2 mm Abstand zur Verfügung stehen.Particularly preferably, the maximum distance is formed larger than the sum by more than 2 mm in order to be able to arrange the further tool head between indirect punches and material block pick-up in step B of the method very reliably and in particular with sufficient play. In particular, a distance of a total of 4 mm is advantageous for a reliable operation, so that in each case 2 mm distance are available for the normal tool head change on both sides of the tool head.
Bevorzugt kann der Werkzeugkopf einen sich in Pressrichtung der indirekten Strangpresse bzw. in der entgegengesetzten Richtung verjüngenden konischen Abschnitt aufweisen, der zur Ausbildung einer Schalenkammer der indirekten Strangpresse vorgesehen ist, welche von dem sich verjüngenden Abschnitt und der Innenwandung der Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme begrenzt ist, welche die Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme begrenzt. Durch Vorsehen des sich verjüngenden konischen Abschnitts kann vorteilhaft der Werkzeugkopf aus der Umklammerung der Schale gelöst werden, und zwar insbesondere durch Herausschieben des Werkzeugkopfs entgegen der Pressrichtung aus der Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme, wie es insbesondere für den anderen Werkzeugkopf in Schritt D des Verfahrens vorgesehen ist.Preferably, the tool head may have a tapered in the pressing direction of the indirect extruder or in the opposite direction conical section, which is provided for forming a shell chamber of the indirect extruder, which is bounded by the tapered portion and the inner wall of the material block receptacle, which limited the material block recording. By providing the tapered conical section, the tool head can advantageously be released from the clasp of the shell, in particular by pushing out the tool head against the pressing direction from the material block receptacle, as provided in particular for the other tool head in step D of the method.
Vorzugsweise umfasst der Indirektstempel einen Schälring, der die Schalenkammer in Pressrichtung begrenzt und von dem Werkzeugkopf lösbar ist. Auf diese Weise kann eine Trennung des Werkzeugkopfs von dem Schälring bzw. von dem Indirektstempel sehr einfach vorgenommen werden. Ebenso ist es ohne weiteres möglich, einen neuen Werkzeugkopf vor dem Schälring zu platzieren.Preferably, the indirect punch comprises a peeling ring, which limits the shell chamber in the pressing direction and is detachable from the tool head. In this way, a separation of the tool head of the peeling ring or of the Indirektstempel can be made very easily. Likewise, it is readily possible to place a new tool head in front of the peeling ring.
Es versteht sich, dass die Merkmale der vorstehend bzw. in den Ansprüchen beschriebenen Lösungen gegebenenfalls auch kombiniert werden können, um die Vorteile entsprechend kumuliert umsetzen zu können.It is understood that the features of the solutions described above or in the claims can optionally also be combined in order to implement the advantages in a cumulative manner.
Weitere Vorteile, Ziele und Eigenschaften vorliegender Erfindung werden anhand nachfolgender Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert, die insbesondere auch in der anliegenden Zeichnung dargestellt sind. In der Zeichnung zeigen:
- Figur 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer indirekten Strangpresse zusammen mit einem für ein Verpressen vorgesehenen Werkstoffblock;
- Figur 2
- eine schematische Darstellung der indirekten Strangpresse gemäß
Figur 1 in einem Betriebszustand, in welchem ein Abschnitt des Werkstoffblocks bereits zur Ausbildung eines Presserzeugnisses verpresst wurde; - Figur 3
- eine schematische Darstellung der indirekten Strangpresse gemäß
Figuren 1 und2 in einem Betriebszustand, in welchem der Werkstoffblock zur Erzeugung eines Presserzeugnisses vollständig verpresst wurde; - Figuren 4 bis 8
- jeweils eine schematische Darstellung der indirekten Strangpresse gemäß
Figuren 1 bis 3 mit zwei Werkzeugköpfen, wobei die Darstellungen zur Veranschaulichung eines Ausführungsbeispiels des Verfahrens zum Betreiben einer indirekten Strangpresse vorgesehen sind; - Figur 9
- die indirekte Strangpresse der
Figur 1 bis 8 zusammen mit einem Werkstoffblock in einer Blockladeposition zur Vorbereitung eines Pressvorgangs.
- FIG. 1
- a schematic representation of an indirect extrusion press together with a provided for a compression material block;
- FIG. 2
- a schematic representation of the indirect extruder according to
FIG. 1 in an operating condition in which a portion of the block of material has already been crimped to form a press product; - FIG. 3
- a schematic representation of the indirect extruder according to
FIGS. 1 and2 in an operating condition in which the block of material for producing a press product has been completely compressed; - FIGS. 4 to 8
- in each case a schematic representation of the indirect extruder according to
FIGS. 1 to 3 with two tool heads, wherein the illustrations are provided to illustrate an embodiment of the method for operating an indirect extruder; - FIG. 9
- the indirect extruder of the
Figure 1 to 8 together with a block of material in a block loading position to prepare a pressing operation.
Das in
Bei dem Werkstoffblock 22, welcher mittels der indirekten Strangpresse 10 zu einem Presserzeugnis verpressbar ist, handelt es sich um einen Werkstoffblock 22, der wenigstens teilweise oder zur Gänze aus einem metallischen Material, wie z.B. Aluminium, Kupfer, Messing oder entsprechenden Legierungen bestehen kann.The
Der Blockaufnehmer 18 ist von dem Verschlussstück 16 über den Indirektstempel 12 gradlinig beweglich. Der Indirektstempel 12 ist durch Bewegen des Blockaufnehmers 18 in Richtung Verschlussstück 16 aus der Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme 20 herausbringbar. Mithin ist der Indirektstempel 12 durch Bewegen des Blockaufnehmers 18 in der entgegengesetzten Richtung in die Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme 20 einbringbar (vgl. hierzu auch
Bei dem in
Die
Zur Ausbildung der Schalenkammer 26 weist der Werkzeugkopf 14 einen sich in Pressrichtung der indirekten Strangpresse 10 bzw. einen sich in der entgegengesetzten Richtung verjüngenden konischen Abschnitt 38 auf, wobei die Schalenkammer 26 vom dem sich verjüngenden Abschnitt 38 und der Innenwandung 40 der Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme 20 begrenzt ist, also der Innenwandung 40, welche die Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme 20 begrenzt.In order to form the
So veranschaulicht die
In der in
Um ein störungsfreies bzw. betriebssicheres Anordnen des weiteren Werkzeugkopfs 28 zwischen Indirektstempel 12 und Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme 20 und auch störungsfreies bzw. betriebssicheres Aufnehmen des weiteren Werkzeugkopfs 28 an dem Indirektstempel 12 zu realisieren, ist der maximale Abstand vorzugsweise um 7 % größer ausgebildet als die Summe der Erstreckungen des Werkzeugkopfes 14 und des Blockaufnehmers 18 in der Bewegungsrichtung, also in der Richtung, in welcher der Blockaufnehmer 18 von dem Verschlussstück 16 über den Indirektstempel 12 geradlinig beweglich ist.In order to realize a trouble-free or reliable arrangement of the
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die
Durch das weitere Bewegen des Blockaufnehmers 18 in der entgegengesetzten Richtung gemäß Schritt D des Verfahrens wird die Schale 24 durch den weiteren Werk-zeugkopf 28 vorliegend teilweise aus der Werkstoffblock-Aufnahme 20 herausgedrückt. Veranschaulicht ist in
Die
- 1010
- indirekte Strangpresseindirect extruder
- 1212
- Indirektstempelindirectly temple
- 1313
- Pressstempelpress die
- 1414
- Werkzeugkopftool head
- 1515
- Hohlraum IndirektstempelCavity indirect mark
- 1616
- Verschlussstückclosing piece
- 1717
- PresserzeugnisPress article
- 1818
- BlockaufnehmerBillet
- 1919
- Matrizedie
- 2020
- Werkstoffblock-AufnahmeMaterial block recording
- 2222
- WerkstoffblockMaterial block
- 2424
- SchaleBowl
- 2626
- Schalenkammershell chamber
- 2828
- weiterer Werkzeugkopfanother tool head
- 3030
- ÜberstandGot over
- 3434
- Schermesserrazor
- 3535
- PressrestPress remaining
- 3636
- Manipulatormanipulator
- 3838
- konischer Abschnittconical section
- 4040
- Innenwandunginner wall
- 4242
- Schälringpeeling ring
- 4444
- Blockladerbillet loader
Claims (9)
wobei nach dem Verpressen eines Werkstoffblocks (22) und der Ausbildung einer Schale (24) in einer Schalenkammer (26) bei dem Verfahren die folgenden Schritte vorgesehen sind:
wherein after the compression of a block of material (22) and the formation of a shell (24) in a shell chamber (26) in the process the following steps are provided:
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DE102013008345.1A DE102013008345A1 (en) | 2013-05-16 | 2013-05-16 | Method for operating an indirect extrusion press and indirect extrusion press |
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US (1) | US9272317B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2839893B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5892194B2 (en) |
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CN113878085B (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2024-04-26 | 江苏龙城精锻集团有限公司 | Hollow plunger forging of high-pressure plunger pump and one-step forming process and die thereof |
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- 2014-04-17 EP EP14001406.9A patent/EP2839893B1/en active Active
- 2014-05-09 KR KR1020140055199A patent/KR101542009B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2014-05-09 JP JP2014097621A patent/JP5892194B2/en active Active
- 2014-05-14 US US14/277,407 patent/US9272317B2/en active Active
- 2014-05-16 CN CN201410208673.6A patent/CN104162556B/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102013008345A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
KR101542009B1 (en) | 2015-08-04 |
EP2839893B1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
ES2689087T3 (en) | 2018-11-08 |
US20140338415A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
CN104162556A (en) | 2014-11-26 |
US9272317B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 |
CN104162556B (en) | 2016-05-25 |
KR20140135619A (en) | 2014-11-26 |
JP2014223675A (en) | 2014-12-04 |
JP5892194B2 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
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