EP3332414B1 - Appareil de coupure mecanique d'un circuit electrique haute tension ou tres haute tension avec dispositif de fractionnement - Google Patents

Appareil de coupure mecanique d'un circuit electrique haute tension ou tres haute tension avec dispositif de fractionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3332414B1
EP3332414B1 EP16756727.0A EP16756727A EP3332414B1 EP 3332414 B1 EP3332414 B1 EP 3332414B1 EP 16756727 A EP16756727 A EP 16756727A EP 3332414 B1 EP3332414 B1 EP 3332414B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
distinct
splitter device
series
portions
electrical
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Application number
EP16756727.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3332414A1 (fr
Inventor
Maxime GERY
Paul Vinson
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SuperGrid Institute SAS
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SuperGrid Institute SAS
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/08—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/14—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/53—Cases; Reservoirs, tanks, piping or valves, for arc-extinguishing fluid; Accessories therefor, e.g. safety arrangements, pressure relief devices
    • H01H33/56—Gas reservoirs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2235/00—Springs
    • H01H2235/01—Spiral spring

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technological field of high voltage electrical circuit breaking devices.
  • metal-enclosed devices where the active switching members are enclosed in a sealed enclosure filled with an insulating fluid.
  • a fluid can be a gas, commonly sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ), but liquids or oils are also used.
  • This fluid is chosen for its insulating character, in particular so as to have a dielectric strength greater than that of dry air at equivalent pressure.
  • the devices in a metal enclosure can in particular be designed in a more compact way than the devices where the cutting and the insulation are carried out in the air.
  • a conventional disconnector comprises in particular two electrodes which are held, by insulating supports, in fixed positions remote from the peripheral wall of an enclosure which is at earth potential. These electrodes are electrically connected or electrically separated as a function of the position of a movable connection member forming part of one of the electrodes, for example a sliding tube actuated by a control.
  • the tube is generally carried by an electrode, to which it is electrically connected, and the separation of the tube from the opposite electrode is liable to create an electric arc which may lengthen during the opening movement of the disconnector during which the tube moves away from the opposite electrode.
  • a disconnector traditionally comprises two pairs of electrical contacts carried by the tube and the two electrodes. The first torque is that through which the nominal current flows in the fully closed position of the device.
  • This current path which we will call the nominal path, presents a path of least electrical resistance, thus reducing the conduction losses in permanent mode.
  • This contact torque is supported by a second called arcing contact or secondary contact torque.
  • the two contacts of this pair are intended to remain in direct contact during the separation of the first pair so as not to have an arcing phenomenon on the first and thus guarantee a good state of electrical conduction in fully closed position.
  • the contacts of the secondary couple separate last and see the electric arc set up. They must resist this wear and tear. Having reached a sufficient arc length, and after a sufficient time, the electric arc is interrupted.
  • a disconnect switch is usually located in an electrical substation. It is connected to the other elements of the substation, for example by connection bars. On each side of the disconnector, you can find other elements of a substation such as a circuit breaker, a power transformer, an overhead feedthrough, etc.
  • the opening can produce electric arcs capable of stretching to great lengths and this can pose certain problems. Too long an arc between the connection member and the opposite electrode can degenerate and develop into a short circuit. For example, in a disconnector of the type described above, an arc can be established between the live electrode and the wall of the enclosure connected to earth. In a less extreme case, the arc extinguishing times may be too long and damage the parts constituting it and thus jeopardize the insulation of the system.
  • an arc fractionation chamber is provided which is separate and offset from the zone in which the movable connection member moves.
  • An electric arc which would form for example when the circuit is opened is split into multiple arcs.
  • Such circuit breakers require that means be provided to cause the displacement of the arc from the zone of displacement of the movable member towards the fractionation chamber, for example by the use of a magnetic field, which can be created. by permanent magnets or induced by current flow in a magnetic circuit. In both cases this aspect is complex to manage and requires many back and forth movements during the design phases to manage to convey the arc into the fractionation chamber, because the behavior of the system is variable depending on the intensity of the currents to be switched.
  • this fractionation chamber constitutes an additional bulk.
  • this volume of the tank should also be insulated to the earth potential in order to guarantee the electrical insulation. This would have the consequence of leading to large tank sizes and to disadvantageous costs.
  • DE-10.2012.025115 discloses a mechanical cut-off device for a high voltage or very high voltage electrical circuit according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention provides a mechanical cut-off device for a high voltage or very high voltage electrical circuit, as defined by claim 1.
  • the apparatus according to claim 1 is further characterized in that one of the two relatively mobile parts of the fractionation device comprises an elongated contactor, the contactor being electrically connected, at least for one phase. switch-off of the contact, with one of the portions of the electrical circuit, and the other of the two relatively mobile parts of the fractionation device comprises an insulating body on which is arranged said series of separate conductive elements, and in that the contactor and the A series of separate conductive elements are respectively arranged such that, in the position of electrical contact of the two parts, the separate conductive elements are arranged on the insulating body successively along the elongated contactor.
  • Such a device is intended to open or close an electrical circuit in which nominal currents are liable to flow, that is to say established currents for which the device is intended to operate continuously without damage, under a voltage greater than 1000 V in alternating current or 1500 V in direct current, or even at very high voltage, that is to say a voltage greater than 50,000 V in alternating current or 75,000 V in direct current.
  • the device is a mechanical cut-off device insofar as the opening of the electrical circuit is obtained by the separation and spacing of two contact parts so as to interrupt the flow of a current through the device.
  • the closing of the electrical circuit is obtained by moving until the two contact parts come into contact so as to re-establish a current flow through the device.
  • the mechanical switching device is a disconnector.
  • the invention could be implemented in the context of a circuit breaker, or of a switch.
  • the switching device is designed to cut a single electrical circuit, for example a phase, but the invention could be implemented in an apparatus intended to cut several electrical circuits, then comprising, for example at within the same enclosure, several switching devices in parallel.
  • the apparatus 10 thus comprises an enclosure 12 delimited by a peripheral wall 14.
  • the peripheral wall 14 delimits an internal volume 16 of the enclosure 12 and is provided with a series of openings 18 allowing, at least for maintenance operations. or mounting, access to the internal volume 16 from outside the enclosure, or allowing the volume 16 to be placed in communication with another volume of another enclosure contiguous to the peripheral wall 14 around the opening.
  • the enclosure 12 is sealed with respect to the outside of the peripheral wall 14.
  • the openings in this wall are therefore intended to be closed, for example by portholes, hoods.
  • the internal volume 16 of the enclosure 12 can be filled with an insulating fluid which can be separated from the atmospheric air.
  • the fluid can be a gas or a liquid.
  • the pressure of the fluid may be different from atmospheric pressure, for example a pressure greater than 3 bars absolute, or at very low pressures, possibly close to vacuum.
  • the insulating fluid can be air, in particular air, preferably at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. However, preferably, the fluid is chosen for its high insulating properties, for example having a dielectric strength. greater than that of dry air under equivalent temperature and pressure conditions.
  • the device 10 comprises at least two electrodes which are intended to be electrically connected respectively to an upstream portion and a downstream portion of the electrical circuit to be cut, and which are movable relative to each other according to a opening movement, between at least one electrical opening position, corresponding to an open state of the device, and an electrical closing position in which they establish a nominal electrical connection of the device, therefore corresponding to a closed state of the device.
  • the opening movement can take place in the opening direction, from the electric closed position to the electric open position, or in the closing direction, from the open position. electric to electric closed position.
  • the device 10 comprises in particular a first fixed electrode 20 and a second electrode 22 which comprises a fixed main body and a movable connection member 24.
  • each electrode 20, 22 is fixed in the enclosure 12 by means of an insulating support 26, here shown as having for example the shape of a bowl, fixed to the peripheral wall 14 so as to close off an opening 18 provided for this purpose, the electrode being arranged on an internal side of the support 26.
  • the support 26 On the external side of the support 26 with respect to the internal volume 16, the support 26 carries a connection terminal 28, 30 which is electrically connected to the corresponding electrode 20, 22.
  • the connection terminals 28, 30 are therefore arranged outside the enclosure 12.
  • One of the terminals is intended to be connected to an upstream portion (not shown) of the electrical circuit while the other of the terminals is intended to be connected. to be connected to a downstream portion (not shown) of the electrical circuit.
  • the upstream portion of the electrical circuit will be called the portion which is connected to the first electrode 20, by the connection terminal 28. Accordingly, the downstream portion of the electrical circuit is the portion which is connected to the second electrode 22, by the connection terminal 30.
  • each electrode 20, 22 is permanently electrically connected to the associated connection terminal 28, 30 , regardless of the open or closed state of the switching device.
  • Each electrode 20, 22 comprises a fixed main body made of conductive material, in particular metallic, of which a conductive outer peripheral surface 32, 34 has an essentially convex geometry and devoid of projecting parts. As will be seen below, each electrode 20, 22 has an internal cavity 31, 33 contained within the envelope defined by the conductive external peripheral surface 32, 34 of the fixed main body.
  • the peripheral wall 14 has a general cylindrical geometry around a central axis A1 and the two electrodes 20, 22, with their associated terminals 28, 30 have an elongated shape, respectively along an axis A2 and an axis A3.
  • the axes A2 and A3 are parallel.
  • the axes A2 and A3 are perpendicular to the central axis A1 of the wall 14 and are offset with respect to each other in the direction of this axis A1 .
  • the terminals 28 and 30 are arranged opposite to each other on each side of the central axis A1 .
  • the main bodies of the two electrodes 20, 22 are arranged in the internal volume 16 in a fixed manner, spaced from the peripheral wall 14 of the enclosure 12, and separated from each other such that a space of Inter-electrode electrical insulation is arranged in the direction of the central axis A1 , between the portions facing their respective outer peripheral surfaces 32, 34.
  • the movable connection member 24 of the second electrode of the apparatus comprises a sliding tube 36, of axis A1 , which is guided in sliding along the central axis A1 , which will be arbitrarily qualified as longitudinal , in a cylindrical internal cavity of axis A1 of the fixed main body of the second electrode 22.
  • connection member 24 is movable according to an opening movement relative to the opposite electrode 20, between an extreme electrically open position, visible on the Fig. 2 , and an extreme electrically closed position, in which the electrical connection member 24 establishes a nominal electrical connection with said opposite electrode 20.
  • the sliding tube 36 of the movable connection member 24 is produced from preferably in a conductive material, for example metal, and it is electrically connected to the main body of the second electrode, therefore electrically connected with the associated connection terminal 30 permanently, regardless of the position of the mobile connection member 24 .
  • connection member 24 when it is in its extreme open position, the connection member 24 is fully received inside the corresponding cavity of the second electrode so as to minimize the risk of an electric arc.
  • connection member 24 In its extreme closed position, the connection member 24 is moved longitudinally along the central axis A1 in the direction of the first electrode 20, across the inter-electrode electrical isolation space.
  • the connection member 24 is moved between these two extreme positions by a control mechanism 42 which, in this exemplary embodiment comprises a connecting rod 44 movable in a direction substantially parallel to the axis A1 and itself controlled. by a rotary lever 46.
  • connection member 24 will be qualified as "forward” in the direction going from its extreme open position to its extreme closed position, that is to say to the right. left on the Fig. 3 .
  • the reverse direction is thus arbitrarily qualified as "backwards”.
  • the apparatus 10 comprises an electric arc splitting device 48.
  • the electric arc fractionation device 48 is advantageously contained, at least partially, preferably in large part, more preferably in totality, in the internal cavity of one of the electrodes, in this case in the first electrode 20. being thus disposed inside the envelope determined by the conductive peripheral surface 32, the electric arc splitting device can be integrated into the apparatus 10 without disturbing the electric fields prevailing in the internal volume when the apparatus is in its closed state. Therefore, it is not necessary to modify the design of the device to continue to respect the dielectric strength of the device.
  • the need to enlarge the device is limited, in particular the need to '' enlarge the internal volume, which is favorable to good compactness of the device.
  • a certain cylindricity can thus be retained for the shape of the vessel, which is advantageous in terms of the compactness of the substation.
  • the fractionation device is entirely received inside the internal cavity.
  • fractionation device 48 could also advantageously be housed inside the movable connection member 24, or in a cavity of the main body of the second electrode 22.
  • the fractionation device 48 could thus be housed in a cavity. cavity formed inside an envelope determined by a conductive peripheral surface of the sliding tube 36.
  • FIG. 3 On the Fig. 3 , the main components of a first embodiment of a fractionation device 48 capable of being implemented in the invention have been illustrated.
  • the Fig. 4 to 7 illustrate different positions relative values of these different components.
  • the Fig. 8 and 9 are schematic views in top view for a contact position and for a position away from the device.
  • This first embodiment comprises a first part 50 and a second part 52 which are movable with respect to each other according to a relative movement of separation, here in the direction of the central axis A1 , between at least one electrical contact position, visible on the Fig. 4, 5 and 8 , and a position apart from the two parts, visible on the Fig. 6, 7 and 9 .
  • the relative movement of separation is here a pure translation along the axis A1 .
  • the splitting device is arranged in the device so that, in an extreme closed position of the mobile connection member 24, corresponding to the electrically closed position of the electrodes the mechanical device, the nominal electric current, or at least a large part of it, circulates along a main continuous conductive electric path, in this case directly between the mobile connection member 24 and the main body of the first electrode 20, without this majority of the intensity of the nominal current passing through the fractionation device 48 .
  • the nominal current or in any case a majority of it, flows through a pair of main contacts here formed by the front end 25 of the sliding tube 36 of the movable connection member 24 and by a contact surface 21 of the main body of the first electrode 20.
  • a secondary continuous conductive electrical path is defined for the rated electrical current through the device.
  • This secondary continuous conductive electrical path is defined through the fractionation device 48, as long as the two parts of the splitting device are still in their relative position of electrical contact.
  • the first part comprises a carriage which carries several bars 54, which extend in the transverse direction and which are made of insulating material, in which is arranged a first series of distinct conductive elements 53, visible on the Fig. 8 , 9 and 10 , which for example have the shape of a jumper.
  • the bars 54 are carried for example by a "U" frame 55 which extends in a plane containing the central axis A1 and the transverse direction of the bars 54, the frame 55 being open towards the rear, in this case. in the direction of the second electrode 22.
  • the insulating bars 54 have the shape of parallelepipeds which extend in the transverse direction and of which a face turned towards the rear 83 has recesses 84.
  • the bars 54 form an insulating body for the first part 50 of the operative part.
  • the insulating body for the first part 50 of the device is preferably made at least in part from one or more insulating materials so as to allow electrical insulation between two adjacent separate conductive elements of the same part.
  • the insulation obtained prevents any dielectric breakdown or any displacement of the arc.
  • the insulating body is for example composed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and / or perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), and / or polyoxymethylene (POM).
  • the main material constituting the bars 54 preferably has a dielectric strength greater than 5 kV / mm, and preferably good resistance to wear caused by the electric arc.
  • Jumpers 53 made of conductive material are embedded in the insulating bars 54 so that each of the two ends of the jumpers 53 is flush outside the insulating bar in one of the recesses 84 of the rear face of the bar 54 to form an electrical contact 81 .
  • each jumper 53 thus has a base portion, cross embedded in the bar 54, and two parallel portions which extend axially rearward and the free ends of which open out of the material of the bar 54 in the recesses 84 to form the electrical contacts 81, as seen in the Fig. 10 .
  • the recesses 84 are also open in a lower face of the bars.
  • the bars 54 are contiguous to each other in the direction of the axis A1 but the depth of the recesses 84 in this direction leaves a space between the electrical contacts 81 of the jumpers and the front face of the bar 54 immediately adjacent.
  • Each bar 54 has several riders 53 arranged side by side in the transverse direction. Due to the multiplicity of the bars 54, the jumpers 53 are thus arranged in parallel rows.
  • the separate conductive elements are made for example of metal. Their conductive nature results in a resistivity lower than 10 -6 Ohm.m.
  • each bar 54 comprises, on either side of the alignment of jumpers 53, single studs 57 comprising a base portion embedded in the bar 54, and a rear portion which extends axially towards the rear and the free end of which opens out of the material of the bar 54 into a recess 84 to form an electrical contact 81 similar to those of the jumpers 53 and aligned with them.
  • a first of these single studs 57 carried by a bar 54, here that arranged forward along the axis A1 , forms a main front terminal 61 which is intended to be electrically connected to a portion of the electrical circuit to be cut.
  • the main front terminal 61 is permanently connected to the associated connection terminal 28, therefore to the upstream portion of the electrical circuit.
  • the other single pads are intended to be electrically connected in pairs, a single pad 57 on a strip 54 being electrically connected to another single pad 57 located, on the same transverse side for example, on one of the immediately adjacent strips, for example by a conductive bridge 65.
  • the set of two single pads 57 united by a single conductive bridge 65 thus forms the equivalent of a jumper having two electrical contacts, and therefore thus forms a separate conductive element within the meaning of the invention.
  • the second part 52 of the fractionating device 48 also comprises a carriage which is mechanically linked to the carriage of the first part by a sliding link 72, thus ensuring the capacity for relative movement between the two parts of the device.
  • the transverse ends of the bars 54 are provided with each of a cylindrical bore of axis A1 in order to allow the mounting of the bars on two of the parallel rods of axis A1 belonging to the second part 52 to form the sliding connection between the two parts 50, 52.
  • the carriage of the second part may include a base plate 74, preferably of insulating material, which extends in a plane parallel to the axis A1 and to the transverse direction.
  • the second part 52 carries a series of separate conductive elements, here produced in the form of forks 76 with two branches 78 of conductive material extending vertically upwards from the base plate 74, that is to say according to a direction substantially perpendicular to that of the axis A1 and to the transverse direction.
  • the two branches 78 of each fork 76 are joined by a lower conductive cross member 80 by which each fork 76 is fixed to the upper face of the base plate 74.
  • each branch 78 forms an electrical contact 82 intended for to cooperate with an electrical contact 81 of the jumpers 53 of the first part 50.
  • the forks 76 of the second part 52 are themselves also arranged in parallel transverse rows, each row corresponding to a row of riders 53 of the first part.
  • the electrical contacts 82 of the forks 76 can be made with continuity so as to the rest of the fork, or in the form of inserts. In this case, it is possible to choose, for the electrical contacts 82, a conductive material different from those used for the rest of the range 76, in particular a material having good resistance to electric arcs. They can thus be made on a basis of tungsten or of cupro-tungsten, the rest of the range then being for example made on a basis of copper.
  • the two parts 50, 52 are arranged with respect to each other such that each branch 78 of the fork 76 is engaged in a recess 84, vertically from the bottom, so that an electrical contact 82 of each branch 78 of the forks 76 is opposite, in the direction of the axis A1 , with an electrical contact 81 of a jumper 53 of the first part.
  • the base plate 74 of the second part 52 is arranged below the insulating bars 54. It can thus be seen, for example on the figure. Fig.
  • the recesses 84 have a dimension in the direction of the axis A1 which allows, by a relative axial displacement of the two parts 50, 52 of the fractionation device, an electrical contact position illustrated in Fig. 4, 5 and 8 , and a spread position without electrical contact illustrated in Fig. 6, 7 and 9 .
  • the relative movement which is here determined by the slide, is a pure translational movement along the axis A1 .
  • This embodiment of the invention therefore comprises two distinct series of distinct conductive elements, one carried by the first part and the other carried by the second part.
  • the separate conductive elements are separated and electrically isolated from each other in order to define, in the surrounding insulating fluid, a multitude of paths separate successive CLE elementaries in which electric arcs are likely to be established when the electric circuit opens and / or closes.
  • Each elementary free path CLE is a free space between two distinct conductive elements in the surrounding insulating fluid, that is to say a path without solid obstacle, in particular without solid insulating obstacle.
  • the fractionation device 48 defines, between the upstream portion and the downstream portion of the electrical circuit, a preferred electrical path comprising, alternately, conductive sections comprising the distinct conductive elements, here the jumpers 53 and the forks 76, and insulating sections comprising the successive distinct elementary free paths.
  • the successive distinct elementary free paths CLE are considered as insulating sections insofar as they correspond to space in a fluid which, as defined above, is preferably more insulating than dry air, in the absence of an electric arc. . In the presence of an electric arc, it goes without saying that the distinct elementary free paths lose their insulating character.
  • jumpers 53 are offset transversely with respect to the forks so that each fork 76 is intended to come into contact, in a contact position of the two parts 50, 52, by its two contacts 82, with two contacts 81 belonging to two adjacent riders in the corresponding row.
  • a fork 76 establishes an electrical connection between two adjacent jumpers 53.
  • One of these adjacent jumpers can comprise two single pads 57 connected by a conductive bridge 65, a fork being in contact with one of the pads and another fork, belonging to another row, being in contact with the other of the pads.
  • the fractionation device 48 comprises a contactor 39 which is arranged at the rear end of the device, and which is therefore carried by the carriage of the second part of the fractionation device.
  • This contactor 39 is intended to be in contact with the connection member 24 when the device is in its closed state, in this example more particularly with a contactor 38 of the connection member 24.
  • the member connection 24 has reached an open position, the electrical contact between the contactor 38 of the component mobile connection 24 and the contactor 39 is broken.
  • the contactor 39 is electrically connected to one of the separate elements of the splitting device 48, more precisely to that which acts as the main rear terminal 63.
  • the contactor 39 is electrically connected with the rear terminal 63. which is carried by the first part of the fractionation device 48.
  • the first embodiment of the invention furthermore comprises an end-of-travel absorption mechanism of the movable connection member which makes it possible to ensure an intermediate state of the switching device between the corresponding nominal closed state. to the extreme closed position of the movable connection member 24, as illustrated in Fig. 4 , and a secondary closed state of the device corresponding to the position illustrated in Fig. 5 .
  • the end-of-travel absorption mechanism allows the two parts 50, 52 of the fractionation device 48 to move together in the direction of movement of the movable connection member 24, so in this specific case according to the direction of the axis A1 , from a position of first contact of the two parts shown in Fig. 5 to an offset position shown in Fig. 4 .
  • the movable connection member 24 is in direct contact with the body of the electrode via the contact surface 21.
  • the contact is a radial contact between a cylindrical portion of the front end 25 of the sliding tube 36 and the contact surface 21, to guarantee electrical contact even in the event of dispersion of positions in the direction of axis A1 .
  • the nominal electric current or at least a large part of it, flows along a main continuous conductive electrical path, in this case directly between the movable connection member 24 and the body. main of the first electrode 20.
  • a Secondary continuous conductor electrical path is defined for the rated electrical current through the device.
  • This secondary continuous conductive electrical path is defined through the fractionation device 48, as long as the two parts of the fractionation device are still in their relative position of electrical contact.
  • the contactor 38 of the movable connection member is in contact with the contactor 39 carried by the first electrode 20 to establish a secondary continuous conductive electrical path through the fractionation device, the two parts of which are in the electrical contact position.
  • the transverse base of the U-frame 55 belonging to the first part 50, is integral with a guide assembly 56 which extends rearwardly from the base of the U.
  • the guide assembly 56 is received so as to be able to slide longitudinally inside a base 58, which is here cylindrical and which is intended to be fixed in the internal cavity 31 of the first electrode 20.
  • the base 58 has for example a tubular body d 'axis A1 , the front part of which has a fixing flange 62 on the main body of the first electrode 20 and the rear part of which has an internal radial flange 64 intended to form a stop, longitudinally towards the rear, for the assembly of guide 56.
  • the base 58 is therefore fixed in the mechanical switching device.
  • the guide assembly 56 and with it the assembly of the first part 50 of the splitting device, is in fact intended to slide in the longitudinal direction of the axis A1 inside the base 58 between a position shifted advance shown on Fig. 4 is a retracted position shown in Fig. 5 in which the guide assembly 56 abuts longitudinally towards the rear against the internal radial flange 64 of the base 58.
  • the guide assembly 56 is resiliently biased in the longitudinal direction towards its retracted position, for example by a helical spring 66 which is held inside the base 58 by a front closure plate 68, the spring 66 thus being compressed along the axis A1 between the closure plate 68 and the guide assembly 56.
  • a finger indexing 70 is fixed on the guide assembly 56 so as to protrude radially outwardly with respect to an outer cylindrical wall of the guide assembly 56 and to be received in a longitudinal slot of the tubular body of the base 58 for angularly indexing the first part 50 .
  • the Fig. 7 corresponds to an extreme open position of the connection member 24. This position corresponds to the position of the connection member 24 making it possible to obtain the desired breaking capacity of the device and the nominal isolation distance for the expected service conditions of the device. It generally corresponds to the most remote position of the connection member 24 permitted by the control mechanism 42 illustrated in Fig. 2 .
  • the splitting device 48 is only subjected to the force of the spring 66 , which therefore urges the first part 50 towards its retracted position illustrated in Fig. 5 to 7 .
  • the second part 52 of the fractionation device 48 which in this embodiment is carried by the first part 50 , is urged by an elastic member, for example a spring 90 , towards a separated position.
  • This separated position is defined for example by a mechanical stop acting between the two parts 50, 52, according to the direction of their relative movement.
  • This relative position of the two parts there is no electrical contact between the two parts 50, 52, in particular no electrical contact between the separate conductive elements of the first part, namely the jumpers 53, and the conductive elements. distinct from the second part, namely the forks 76. It will be noted that there is then a considerable distance between the contactor 39 of the splitting device, in this case carried by the second part 52, at its rear end, and the contactor 38 of the connection device 24.
  • this state of the device corresponds to its open state in which no electrical connection is established through the device between the two upstream and downstream portions of the electrical circuit, at least under the nominal operating conditions of the device.
  • connection member 24 By a movement of the connection member 24 according to its opening movement, here in the direction of the closing of the electrical circuit, we arrive at the intermediate position illustrated in Fig. 6 which corresponds to the position for which the first contact is established between the contactor 38 of the connection member 24 and the contactor 39 of the splitting device 48. For this position, there has not yet been any relative displacement of the two parts of the fractionation device between them, which are therefore still in their separated relative position, or displacement of the whole of the fractionation device 48 relative to the base 58, therefore relative to the first electrode 20. For this intermediate position of the connection member 24, for which an electrical contact is established between the connection member 24 and the splitting device 48, the switching device is still in an electric open state. There is no direct electrical contact between the upstream and downstream parts of the electrical circuit to be cut.
  • the electrical insulation capacity of the device cuts in this position or an intermediate position between that of the Fig. 6 and some Fig. 5 , namely the maximum voltage that it is likely to withstand between the two upstream and downstream portions of the electrical circuit without the formation of electrical arcs, i.e. less than its electrical insulation capacity corresponding to the extreme open position of the connection member 24.
  • the rear terminal terminal 63 of the splitting device is brought to the potential of the downstream portion of the electrical circuit, by means of the movable connection member 24 and the contactors 38 and 39.
  • connection member 24 By continuing the movement of the connection member 24 according to its opening movement, still in the direction of the closing of the electrical circuit, we arrive at the position illustrated in Fig. 5 which corresponds to the position for which the two parts 50, 52 of the splitting device are in the electrical contact position. In this position, all the electrical contacts between the separate conductive elements of one part and the separate conductive elements of the other part are made and effective. Thus, the contacts 82 of the forks 76 are supported on the contacts 81 of the jumpers 53 so as to ensure electrical contact between the various distinct conductive elements. It will also be noted that, in this position, as can be seen at Fig.
  • a front terminal fork 76V is in contact with the front main terminal 61 and a rear terminal fork 76R is in electrical contact with the rear main terminal 63.
  • the front 61 and rear 63 main terminals are formed by single pads 57 carried by the first part of the device.
  • the two terminals could be carried by the second part of the device, or provision could also be made for one main terminal to be carried by the first part and the other main terminal to be carried by the second part.
  • the two parts are capable of deforming elastically to absorb the movement of the base plate 74 of the second part, which carries the base of the forks 76, beyond a position of first contact.
  • the riders 53 are mounted in the bars 54 with a possibility of displacement in the direction of the relative movement of the two parts, preferably by being resiliently biased towards a position retracted towards the rear along the axis A1 .
  • the electrical contact position as illustrated in particular on the Fig. 5 and on the Fig. 8 is preferably determined by a mechanical stop between the two parts of the fractionation device 48, preventing these two parts from continuing their relative movement towards each other.
  • the breaking device is in an electrical closed state in which a secondary electrical connection of the device is established.
  • a nominal electric current is capable of passing through the switching device 10. This nominal electric current flows according to the secondary continuous conductive electrical circuit through the splitting device before circulating according to the main continuous conductive electrical circuit when the torque main electrical contacts 21, 25 are in contact as shown in Fig. 4 .
  • connection member 24 towards its extreme closed position illustrated in Fig. 4 , beyond, forwards, from the position shown in Fig. 5 .
  • This movement is in particular permitted by the end-of-travel absorption mechanism, the assembly of the two parts of the fractionation device 48 therefore moving together in the direction of movement of the connection member, in this case by the sliding of the guide assembly 56 of the first part 50 in the base 58.
  • the two parts of the fractionation device naturally remain in their relative position of electrical contact.
  • the electric current is then conducted, by direct conduction, from the front terminal terminal 57 to a first jumper 53 of the first part, by the front terminal fork 76V.
  • This first jumper 53 conducts current to a second fork 76, adjacent to the first, through their respective facing contacts, and the second fork conducts current to a second jumper 53 adjacent to the first jumper, through of their respective face-to-face contacts.
  • This current conduction continues through the different successive distinct conductor elements, the two series of separate conductors being interposed with respect to each other along the continuous conductive electrical path, in the sense that the nominal electric current flows in passing alternatively from a conductive element separate from one series, carried by a part of the fractionation device, to a conductive element separate from the other series, carried by the other part of the fractionation device.
  • the separate conductive elements 53, 76 forming respectively part of two parts 50, 52 of the fractionation device establish, by bringing them into contact, a continuous conductive electrical path, that is to say without interrupting the electrical conduction in a solid conductive medium, between the upstream portion and the downstream portion of the electrical circuit.
  • This continuous conductive electrical path is, in the absence of contact between the main contacts 21, 25, a path of least electrical resistance between the upstream portion and the downstream portion of the electrical circuit for the contact position of the components of the device.
  • the separate conductive elements are arranged in series along the continuous conductive electrical path.
  • the apparatus simultaneously presents the main continuous conductive electrical path, directly from the main body of the fixed electrode 20 to the movable connection member 24, through the main contacts 21, 25, and the secondary continuous conductive electrical path.
  • the primary continuous conductive electrical path preferably has a lower resistivity so that a majority of the rated current through the apparatus flows along the primary continuous conductive electrical path rather than the secondary continuous conductive electrical path.
  • the mobile connection member 24 is controlled to move back. Up to the position of the Fig. 5 , the whole of the fractionation device 48 moves back with the connection member 24 insofar as the guide assembly 56 of the first part 50 of the device 48 can slide freely relative to the base 58. During this movement , the nominal electric current flows through the breaking device. However, this nominal electric current is transferred from the main continuous conducting electrical path to the secondary continuous conducting electrical path, through the splitting device 48, due to the cutting of the main continuous conducting electrical path by breaking the contact at the level of the main contacts. 21, 25. However, as the two continuous conductive electric paths were established, this transfer takes place without the risk of creating an electric arc.
  • the guide assembly 56 abuts against the radial collar 64 of the base 58, preventing any subsequent movement of the first part 50 of the device 48 towards the 'back. In this state, the rated current is likely to circulate along the secondary continuous electric conductor path through the fractionation device 48.
  • the spring 90 which is arranged between the two parts of the fractionation device pushes the second part 52 of the device 48 while keeping it supported by its contactor 39 on the contactor 38 of the movable connection member.
  • the two parts 50 , 52 therefore move away from each other according to their separation movement, and the contacts between the forks 76 and the jumpers 53 , that is to say the electrical contacts between the two parts 50 , 52 of the device are broken simultaneously, except for geometric dispersions.
  • each distinct elementary free path CLE has a length of zero when the two parts are in contact position, and that the length of each elementary free path increases progressively from this zero value, simultaneously for all the elementary free paths, and proportionally to the separation of the two parts 50, 52 of the splitting device 48 from the position of electrical contact in the direction of at least one position separated from the two parts.
  • this length of the elementary free paths is so small that electric arcs are liable to be established at each of the elementary free paths CLE.
  • a current flows through the switching device 10 and through the fractionation device 48.
  • the electric arcs which appear in the elementary free paths are arranged in series according to the system. current flow path. Indeed, the current is then forced to circulate along the preferred electrical path comprising, alternately, conductive sections comprising the separate conductive elements, here the jumpers 53 and the forks 76, and “insulating” sections comprising the successive distinct elementary free paths.
  • the first series of distinct conductive elements, carried by the first part 50 comprises 4 rows of three jumpers 53, each row being bordered by a single stud 57 at each transverse end.
  • the second series of distinct conductive elements, carried by the second part 50 comprises 4 rows of four forks 76.
  • the splitting device 48 When it is opened, the splitting device 48 thus simultaneously forms thirty-two distinct elementary free paths CLE in series along the preferential electric path.
  • the electric arcs are confined inside the electrode and present only little risk of degenerating. towards the wall 14 of the enclosure.
  • the cumulative arc voltage across the fractionation device 48 may have reached a value such that it will have led to the disappearance of the electric arc.
  • the second part 52 of the device 48 reaches its position of maximum separation from the first part 50 and can no longer move back towards the second electrode 22.
  • this second embodiment has two parts movable with respect to one another between a contact position and a separated position.
  • Each part 50, 52 comprises an insulating body, the insulating body of each part carrying a series of distinct conductive elements.
  • a multitude of distinct elementary free paths are created simultaneously, except for geometric dispersions, in series along a preferred electrical path through the fractionation device, the individual length of these electrical paths simultaneously increasing. and in proportion to the distance between the two parts of the device.
  • the first part 50 comprises an insulating body 92, here tubular, of axis A1 , in which are inserted primary contact plates 94 made of material conductor, each of which forms a conductive element distinct from the first part 50.
  • Each primary plate 94 extends radially inwardly, in the direction of the axis A1 , from an internal cylindrical wall 96 of the tubular insulating body 92.
  • Each plate primary 94 has the shape of an angular ring sector, of axis A1 , having an angular extent around the axis A1 , for example between 5 ° and 30 °, preferably between 10 ° and 20 °, and an extent radial with respect to the axis A1 from the internal cylindrical wall 96, to an internal diameter of the plates 94.
  • the primary plates 94 therefore each have a front face and a rear face that is substantially planar and contained in a plane perpendicular to the axis A1 .
  • the primary platelets 94 are preferably all identical in shape. As can be seen from Fig. 11 and 12 , the primary wafers 94 are received in corresponding housings 95 formed in the insulating body 92 and are arranged in a helical configuration. Thus, two successive primary plates 94 are offset longitudinally in the direction of the axis A1 .
  • the axial offset D of two adjacent plates measured for example between the respective rear faces of two adjacent primary plates, is for example between 0.5 and 20 mm, preferably between 1 and 5 mm. In this exemplary embodiment, two adjacent primary plates 94 are further angularly offset so as not to have a facing portion in the axial direction.
  • a primary angular jump S1 is provided for example around the axis A1 , this angular jump S1 being measured between facing edges, one of which belongs to one of the plates and the other to the next plate, this angular jump S1 advantageously being able to be between 0.5 ° and 30 °, preferably between 5 ° and 20 °.
  • two adjacent primary plates 94 do not overlap.
  • each primary board 94 with the exception of a front terminal primary board 94V and a rear terminal primary board 94R, is thus framed by two adjacent primary pads, which are the primary pads which are closest to the primary pad. 94 considered, both angularly and axially, and the three plates being considered successive in the first series of plates.
  • a 94V front terminal board is provided to form a front terminal terminal intended to be electrically connected, preferably permanently, to a portion of the electrical circuit to be cut, for example to an upstream portion.
  • each turn of the propeller in which the primary plates 94 are arranged comprises eight primary plates spaced apart and electrically insulated from one another.
  • the propeller is expected to have 8 turns, i.e. 64 primary plates 94.
  • the first part 50 of the fractionation device 48 also comprises an outer casing 97 which is produced in the form of a tubular part of axis A1 , preferably made of an electrically insulating material, for example of PTFE.
  • the internal diameter of the tubular outer casing 97 is preferably substantially equal to the external diameter of the insulating body 92 of the first part 50 so that the latter, equipped with its primary plates 94, is received inside the 'outer casing 97.
  • This outer casing 97 has, at its front axial end, a radial collar which allows its connection to an annular guide assembly 56 which, as in the first embodiment is intended to be slidably received according to the axis A1 in a base 58 to form a mechanism for absorbing the limit switch of the connection member 24, as has been described in relation to the first embodiment.
  • the second part 52 of the fractionation device 48 comprises an insulating body 98, here cylindrical with axis A1 and whose external diameter is chosen to allow the sliding of the insulating body 98 along the axis A1 , at the center of the set of primary plates 94 of the first part 50, preferably contactless.
  • This cylindrical insulating body 98 which may be tubular or which may be solid, carries, in relief radially outwardly with respect to its cylindrical outer peripheral surface 100, a series of secondary contact plates 102 , forming as many conductive elements distinct from the second part 52.
  • Each secondary plate 102 is therefore anchored in the insulating body 100.
  • Each secondary plate 102 extends radially outwardly, from an outer cylindrical surface of the cylindrical insulating body 98 .
  • Each secondary plate 102 has the general shape of an angular ring sector, of axis A1 , having an angular extent around the axis A1 , for example between 5 ° and 30 °, preferably between 10 ° and 20 °, and a radial extent with respect to the axis A1 from the external cylindrical surface 100.
  • the secondary plates 102 have, in this exemplary embodiment, each a front face which is substantially planar and contained in a plane perpendicular to the axis A1.
  • the secondary plates 102 each have a rear face having two contact elements offset in the direction of the axis A1 .
  • the contact elements here consist of two surface elements 104, 106 each of which is substantially plane and contained in a plane perpendicular to the axis A1 , the two planes of the two contact elements 104, 106 being axially offset by a value of axial offset D equal to the axial offset D between two adjacent primary plates 94 of the first series.
  • a secondary plate 102 of the second part is intended to come into contact simultaneously with two adjacent primary plates 94 of the first part, and vice versa a primary plate 94 of the first series is intended to come into contact simultaneously with two adjacent secondary plates 102 of the second part.
  • the surface elements 104, 106 can advantageously be made of a conductive material different from that of a main body of the secondary wafer, possibly more resistant to electric arcs.
  • the secondary plates 102 are arranged in a helix.
  • two adjacent secondary plates 102 are angularly offset with respect to each other by an angular jump S2 around the axis A1 and are axially offset by an axial offset D in the direction of the axis A1 .
  • the angular extent of a plate of one of the series is greater than the angular jump between the two adjacent plates of the other series with which said plate is intended to come into contact.
  • each turn of the propeller according to which the secondary plates 102 are arranged comprises eight secondary plates spaced apart and electrically isolated from each other on the insulating body 98.
  • the propeller comprises eight turns, or sixty-four secondary plates 102.
  • the second part 52 is received coaxially inside the tubular body 92 of the first part 50, and thereby inside the outer casing 97.
  • the latter has, at its rear end, a transverse wall annular pierced in its center with an orifice 106 to allow the passage, with sliding along the axis A1, of the rear end of the insulating cylindrical body 98 of the second part.
  • this rear end of the insulating cylindrical body 98 carries a contactor 39 intended to come into electrical contact with the contactor 38 of the connection member 24, as explained in the context of the first embodiment.
  • the contactor 39 is for example electrically connected to a rear terminal secondary pad 102R of the series of pads secondary 102 of the second part, which forms a rear terminal terminal for the fractionation device 48.
  • the fractionation device 48 being thus assembled, for each of the parts 50, 52 of the fractionation device, the separate conductive elements 94, 102 of the same series are arranged on the insulating body which carries them in a helical arrangement, and the two helices of the two parts are coaxial and nested.
  • the primary plates 94 can be plugged into the corresponding housings 95 of the insulating tubular body 92 of the first part, radially from the outside to the inside, after the first part 50 , provided with its secondary plates 102 , will have been engaged coaxially in the center of the insulating tubular body 92 .
  • the two parts 50, 52 of the fractionation device 48 are capable of sliding relative to one another in a movement of separation between a contact position illustrated in FIG. Fig. 15 and a split position shown in Fig. 16 .
  • the relative movement of separation of the two parts 50 , 52 is a pure translational movement along the axis A1 .
  • an elastic return member is provided, for example a spring, preferably between the two movable parts of the splitting device 48 so that, in the absence of contact with the movable connection member 24 , the two parties occupy their separated relative position.
  • all the separate conductive elements in this case the primary plates 94 and the secondary plates 102, are separated from one another in the axial direction of the separation movement of the two parts, preventing any electrical connection through a solid material between these separate conductive elements.
  • the two parts of the fractionation device can be brought into contact position in which each of the wafers of a series is connected to two plates of the other series to create a solid electrical connection, in the sense of a continuity of solid conductors connected electrically, through the splitting device, as illustrated in Fig. 15 .
  • the fractionation device 48 according to this second embodiment can be integrated within the cavity 31 of the first electrode, or even, in another variant, in a cavity of the connection member. 24.
  • the switchgear equipped with this second embodiment of a fractionation device 48 can be in the four states illustrated in. Fig. 4 to 7 for the first embodiment, depending on the position of the connection member 24.
  • the separate conductive elements in this case of the two series, are electrically connected to the electrical circuit, and even form part of this circuit.
  • electric in the sense that they are not only at the potential of this circuit, but that they are in reality crossed by the nominal electric current, or in any case likely to be crossed by this nominal electric current in the case where the apparatus comprises a main continuous conductive electrical path, in the extreme closed position of the movable connection member, and a secondary continuous conductive electrical path through the fractionation device when the movable connection member has started to move away from its extreme closed position.
  • the electric arc fractionation device comprises separate conductive elements, which, for at least one active state of the fractionation device, corresponding, for these two embodiments, to the relative position apart of the two parts of the device, are separated and electrically isolated from each other in order to define in the surrounding insulating fluid a multitude of successive distinct elementary free paths in which electric arcs are liable to be established when the electric circuit opens and / or closes.
  • the distinct elementary free paths are paths of less dielectric rigidity in the insulating fluid, between two separate proximal conductive elements, one belonging to a series carried by one part and the other to the other series carried by the other part, along which electric arcs are likely to be established when the electric circuit opens and / or closes. It is along these elementary free paths that the dielectric breakdown takes place beyond a voltage difference threshold between the two separate proximal conductive elements.
  • an elementary free path in a position separated from the two parts of the device, is established between a conductive element distinct from a series, carried by one of the parts, and an element. separate conductor from the other series, carried by the other party.
  • such an elementary free path CLE is established between each contact 81 of a jumper 53 and the vis-à-vis contact 82 of a branch 78 of a fork 76.
  • such an elementary free path is established, in a position separated from the two parts of the device, between the rear face of a primary wafer 94 and one of the two surface elements 104, 106 of a secondary wafer 102, in the fluid surrounding.
  • two successive distinct elementary free paths are electrically connected by one of the distinct conductive elements, and each elementary free path is defined between two distinct proximal conductive elements.
  • two separate proximal conductive elements do not belong to the same series and are carried one by one part and the other by the other part of the device.
  • a separate conductive element preferably connects at most two distinct elementary free paths.
  • solid insulating obstacles have advantageously been provided to limit the occurrence of electric arcs between two separate adjacent conductive elements of the same series, that is to say in particular between two contacts 81 of two. adjacent jumpers 53 on the same bar 54, or between two contacts 82 belonging to two adjacent forks 76 on the same row.
  • These insulating obstacles are for example produced in the form of insulating partitions 85 which extend rearwardly from a rear face of the bars to delimit the two recesses between them or to form two compartments within the same recess.
  • the separate elementary free paths are arranged in series along the preferred electrical path, successively, forming as many relays, the position of which is controlled, for a series of electric arcs likely to be established. .
  • the distinct elementary free paths extend with overlap in the direction of the relative movement of the two parts of the device apart, with at least one other distinct elementary free path. This makes it possible, in a given space according to the direction of separation of the two parts, to increase the number of arcs and / or to increase the total cumulative length of the distinct elementary free path paths, and therefore, in the end, to increase the "arc length" and therefore the cumulative arc voltage within the device.
  • the fractionation device is independent of the mobile connection member (they are not mechanically linked to each other other than by means of fixed parts of the device), the relative movement of the spacing of the two parts 50, 52 is controlled by the opening movement of the electrodes of the device between their extreme open and closed positions, in this case by the opening movement of the mobile connection member 24.
  • one of the two relatively mobile parts of the fractionation device is carried by the other, and the two parts are carried by only one of the two electrodes of the device, in this case by the fixed electrode 20.
  • this second embodiment of a fractionation device 48 is substantially identical to that of the first embodiment, which allows its arrangement in an identical manner to what has been described above, for example inside of the cavity 31 of the first electrode 20. It is noted, however, that the second embodiment of the invention comprises, with a similar size, more distinct elementary free paths, in this case 64. It is also noted that the overall cylindrical shape of the second embodiment can facilitate its integration into the arrangement generally used for these devices.
  • the two relatively mobile parts of the fractionation device were carried by each other and one of the parts was secured to one of the electrodes of the switching device. .
  • the two relatively mobile parts of the fractionation device were therefore distinct from the mobile connection member which, controlled from outside the enclosure of the apparatus, controls the opening or closing of the apparatus.
  • the fractionation device comprises two parts 50, 52 but, in this embodiment embodiment, one of the parts is integral with one of the electrodes, in this case the first electrode 20, while the second part of the fractionation device, is integral with the movable connection member 24 carried by the other electrode.
  • this third embodiment differs in that only one of the two relatively mobile parts.
  • mobile has a series of separate conductive elements, while the other part has a contactor.
  • the series of separate conductive elements naturally includes several separate conductive elements.
  • the first part 50 comprises at least one cylindrical insulating body which carries a series of distinct conductive elements arranged with respect to one another on the insulating body according to an arrangement curve.
  • the separate conductive elements are arranged successively along this arrangement curve, preferably at regular intervals.
  • This curve could be a rectilinear curve, therefore a straight line, but will preferably be a non-rectilinear curve, which could be a non-rectilinear curve in a plane but which will preferably be a three-dimensional curve which cannot be inscribed in a plane.
  • this arrangement curve will define a preferential electrical path in an active state of the fractionation device 48.
  • the arrangement curve is a helical curve with a constant pitch.
  • the spacing between two successive distinct conductive elements according to the arrangement curve of the successive distinct conductive elements is less than the spacing with any other non-successive conductive element according to the arrangement curve.
  • the pitch of the helix is preferably greater than this spacing. Nevertheless, other measures can be taken to avoid such unwanted electric arcs between two distinct conductive elements which are not successive according to the layout curve.
  • the insulating body of the first part 50 is made in two parts: an internal cylindrical part 110 of axis A1 and an external tubular cylindrical part 112 of axis A1 .
  • the separate conductive elements are produced in the form of plates 114 made at least partially of conductive material. These plates 114 are here of substantially square shape and have a circular bore in their center.
  • each plate 114 which is essentially flat, to be received partly in a corresponding housing 116 arranged in the external cylindrical surface 118 of the internal cylindrical part 110 , and partly in corresponding housings 120 arranged in an internal cylindrical surface 122 of the external tubular cylindrical part 112 .
  • the housings 116 of the internal cylindrical part 110 are individual housings for each wafer 114.
  • the wafers 114 are received in these housings 116 of the internal part 110 so as to be blocked therein. a preferential orientation.
  • this preferential orientation corresponds to the arrangement of the plates each along a radial plane containing the axis A1 , so as to protrude radially outwards with respect to the external cylindrical surface 118 of the internal cylindrical part 110.
  • several plates 114 can be contained in the same radial half-plane containing the axis A1 and delimited by this axis A1 , being offset with respect to one another axially in the direction of the axis A1 , of a distance equal to the pitch of the helix of the layout curve.
  • the housings 120 of the external tubular cylindrical part 112 are made in the form of grooves elongated in the direction of axis A1 and opening into the internal cylindrical surface 122 of the external tubular cylindrical part 112 .
  • This configuration is favorable for assembly since it is possible to place the plates 114 in their individual housings 116 in the internal part 110 , then to slide this assembly axially inside the external tubular cylindrical part 112 , different aligned plates being received in the same groove 120 .
  • a reverse configuration could have been retained, with individual housings provided in the external part 112 and grooves provided in the internal part 110 .
  • the plates 114 could be fixed in only one of the two internal or external parts, without being received, even not partially, in a housing of the other of the parts.
  • At least one of the two parts of the insulating body comprises a groove which extends along the arrangement curve according to which the plates 114 are arranged.
  • This groove is intended to receive a contactor 128 of the second part 52 of the fractionation device 48 , at least in a relative position of electrical contact of the two parts of the fractionation device.
  • this groove is therefore an elongated groove in the form of a helix.
  • the two parts of the insulating body are each provided with a groove.
  • An internal groove 124 is formed in the external cylindrical surface 118 of the internal part 110 , having, in section perpendicular to the helical curve of the arrangement of the plates, a section in the form of an arc of a circle, for example semi-circular open radially towards the exterior in the external cylindrical surface 118.
  • An external groove 126 is formed in the internal cylindrical surface 122 of the external part 112, having, in section perpendicular to the helical curve of arrangement of the plates 114, an arcuate section, by semi-circular example, open radially inwards in the internal cylindrical surface 122.
  • the two internal 124 and external 126 grooves are arranged opposite one of the 'other along the helical curve of arrangement of the plates, so as to form in the insulating body a channel of substantially circular section elongated according to the arrangement curve of the plates 114.
  • the plates 114 are mounted in the insulating body so that their central bore is concentric with the section of the channel formed by the internal 124 and external 126 grooves in the insulating body.
  • a 114V front terminal board which is carried by the insulating body and which is intended to form a front terminal terminal electrically connected to one of the portions of the electrical circuit to be cut, in this case the upstream portion connected to the first electrode 20 .
  • the second part 52 of the fractionator 48 essentially comprises a contactor 128 which is elongated according to an arrangement curve identical to the arrangement curve of the wafers 114 of the first part 50.
  • the contactor 128 is made so as to be conductive over its length and it is intended to be carried, at its front end, by the movable connection member 24 by a fixing interface 130.
  • the fixing interface 130 is produced under the shape of a cylindrical barrel of axis A1 which is mounted on the movable connection member 24 so as to be able to rotate about the axis A1 .
  • the rotation of the barrel 130 around the axis A1 can be a free rotation or a rotation controlled by the control mechanism 42.
  • the contactor 128 is arranged in a forward cantilever relative to the barrel 130 so as to extend freely forward.
  • the contactor 128 is electrically connected to the other of the two portions of the electrical circuit to be cut, in this case to the downstream portion which is connected to the second electrode 22.
  • FIG. 18, 19, 20 There is shown various configurations of the third embodiment of a fractionation apparatus 48, corresponding to different operating states.
  • the system has been illustrated schematically without showing the integration of the contactor 128 on the connection member 24.
  • the Fig. 18 illustrates an electrical contact position of the two parts 50, 52 of the fractionation device 48.
  • the contactor 128 is arranged so as to be received in the channel formed by the internal helical grooves 124 and external 126 of the insulating body. In doing so, the contactor 128 is therefore engaged in an interstitial space between the internal 110 and external 112 parts of the insulating body of the first part.
  • a free front end portion 129 of the contactor 128 is in electrical contact with the plate 114V forming the front terminal terminal.
  • the downstream portion of the electrical circuit electrically connected permanently to the contactor 128, is electrically connected by this electrical contact with the upstream portion of the electrical circuit, thus allowing the nominal current to flow through the switching device. , the nominal current flowing in the contactor 128.
  • the two parts of the splitting device establish a continuous conductive electrical path, in particular along the contactor 128, between the upstream portion and the downstream portion of the electrical circuit.
  • an end-of-stroke absorption mechanism can be provided as described for the modes of previous achievements. However, such an end-of-stroke absorption mechanism is not illustrated on the figures. Fig. 17 to 21 .
  • the contactor 128 is furthermore engaged through the central bore of each of the plates 114.
  • the contactor 128 is then in electrical contact with each of the wafers 114 along the layout curve of the wafers.
  • the contactor 128 is therefore preferably provided with an outer conductive surface over the entire length corresponding to the length of the arrangement curve of the wafers 114.
  • the Fig. 19 illustrates a relative position of the two parts of the fractionation device 48 corresponding to an intermediate separated position.
  • This position may in particular correspond to an intermediate position of the mobile connection member. It can therefore be seen that the contactor is moved back towards the rear relative to the position of the Fig. 18 .
  • the contactor 128 is however still partially engaged in the channel defined along the arrangement curve of the plates 114 of the first part, without however extending over the entire length of this channel.
  • the free end 129 of the contactor 128 is no longer in electrical contact with the terminal terminal 114V.
  • the solid conductive path between the upstream portion and the downstream portion of the electrical circuit to be cut is interrupted.
  • the switch 128 has also disengaged and moved away from a number of pads among the first pads 114 in their successive order from front to back along the pad arrangement curve.
  • each of the pads of this group of pads 114, of which the contactor has disengaged is therefore separated and electrically isolated from the other plates 114 (in the absence of an electric arc), and from the contactor 128.
  • the contactor 128 remains engaged with the rest of the plates, ie. i.e. with the group of successive plates which are arranged behind the front free end 129 of the contactor along the arrangement curve of the plates, for the considered relative position of the contactor 128 with respect to the insulating body 110, 112 .
  • the relative movement of separation of the contactor 128 with respect to the plates 114 carried by the insulating body of the first part 50 is a movement in which the contactor 128 moves following the arrangement curve of the plates 114 on the insulating body.
  • this movement is therefore a helical movement combining a translation along the axis A1 and a rotation around the axis A1 , the two movements being proportional in the measurement of the pitch of the helix formed by the curve of arrangement of platelets.
  • the contactor runs along the same propeller.
  • the contactor would have the shape of a circular arc with the same radius and the same center, and the relative movement would be a movement. relative rotation around the center of the arc of a circle common to the layout curve of the pads and to the contactor.
  • the fractionation device 48 defines, between the upstream portion and the downstream portion of the circuit electrical path, a preferred electrical path comprising, between the front main terminal 114V and the front end of the contactor 128, alternately, conductive sections comprising the separate conductive elements, here comprising the separate conductive elements of the front group of plates, all carried by the same relatively mobile part of the pad device, and of the insulating sections (in the absence of an electric arc) comprising the successive distinct elementary free paths defined between two successive pads 114 of the front group.
  • the elementary free paths are created between distinct conductive elements 114 belonging to the same series, carried by the same relatively mobile part 50 of the fractionation device 48.
  • FIG. 20 We have illustrated on the Fig. 20 an extreme separated position of the two parts of the splitting device in which the contactor 128 is entirely disengaged from the insulating body 110, 112 carrying the plates 114.
  • the free front end 129 of the contactor 128 is therefore arranged at a distance from a rear terminal plate 114R of the series of platelets of the fractionation device, and therefore removed from the platelets carried by the first part of the fractionation device.
  • the fractionation device 48 defines, between the upstream portion and the downstream portion of the electrical circuit, a preferred electrical path comprising, alternately, conductive sections comprising the separate conductive elements, here comprising all of the elements. separate conductors, all carried by the same relatively mobile part of the wafer device, and insulating sections comprising successive distinct elementary free paths defined between two successive wafers 114.
  • the preferred electrical path also includes an insulating section between the rear terminal plate 114R and the front free end 129 of the contactor 128.
  • this The distance is determined as a function of the dielectric strength that it is desired to obtain for the device 10 in the open position of the electrical circuit.
  • the contactor 128 comprises a main conductive portion which extends along an arrangement curve identical to that of the plates and which has a constant section in planes perpendicular to the arrangement curve.
  • the main portion has a length, according to the layout curve, at least equal to the distance, according to the layout curve, between the front terminal terminal 114V and the rear terminal board 114R of the series of plates of the splitter device.
  • the preferred electrical path follows the arrangement curve of the plates 114 on the insulating body of the first part of the device. Consequently, it is understood that the contactor 128 has an elongated shape along the path of the preferential electrical circuit defined by the layout curve of the wafers.
  • the preferred electrical path is superimposed on the path of at least one of the two parts of the splitting device in its relative movement of separation, in this case for example on the path of a point of the contactor 128 by relative to the insulating body 110, 112.
  • at least some of the distinct elementary free paths extend along a path which has a non-zero component in projection in a direction perpendicular to the path of the opening movement of the member.
  • mobile connection and they can thus have a cumulative length greater than the length along which they extend in the direction of the axis A1. It is thus possible to have a greater cumulative “arc length”, and / or to multiply the number of electric arcs between two successive conductive elements.
  • a channel is formed in the insulating body, the insulating body being formed in an insulating material having ablation properties allowing a rise in local pressure and having a greater pressure. dielectric strength than the surrounding fluid present in the enclosure of the device, the channel tends to channel even better and cool any electric arcs caused to propagate from wafers to wafers, each electric arc extending between two successive wafers and each wafer then forming a form of relay between two electric arcs.
  • Such a channel makes it possible in particular to avoid the appearance of an electric arc between two distinct conductive elements 114 which are not successive along the layout curve. It therefore makes it possible to possibly reduce the pitch of the propeller in the case of a helical arrangement curve.
  • trajectory of the contactor 128 is a helical trajectory, at least as long as the contactor 128 is not completely disengaged from the series of separate conductive elements 114.
  • trajectory of the mobile connection member is, overall, a translation along the axis A1.
  • the fact that the contactor 128 is engaged in the bores of the plates 114 represents a preferred embodiment linked to the arrangement of the plates across the passage of the contactor 128 along the insulating body.
  • the plates are arranged not across the passage of the contactor 128 along the insulating body, but in the immediate vicinity of this passage, without electrical contact between the plate (s) and the contactor 128, for example at a distance of less than 10 mm, preferably less than 5 mm, more preferably less than 2 mm.
  • This proximity is chosen so that, on passing the end 129 of the contactor 128 near a given wafer, a possible electric arc between this end and a previous wafer along the curve clings to said given wafer. This ensures that successive arcs catch from wafer to wafer along the arrangement curve between the front terminal plate and the front end 129 of the contactor 128, until the arcs have completely extinguished when the cumulative length is sufficient.
  • the first part 50 of the fractionation device 48 can be housed inside the internal cavity 31 of the first electrode 20.
  • the second part 52 of the fractionation device 48 can then be housed at least in part. inside an internal cavity 41 of the connection member 24.
  • the latter may have, at least in its front part, a tubular sleeve 43 of axis A1 , preferably made of conductive material, inside in which the cavity 41 is arranged by being open towards the front in the direction of the first electrode 20.
  • Such an arrangement will make it possible to ensure that, in an extreme open position of the movable connection member, retracted rearwardly, the movable contactor 128 is received as much as possible inside the cavity 41.
  • the sleeve 43 can be brought into contact axially forward with a bearing surface of the first electrode 20 or of the first part 50 of the splitting device, from an intermediate position of the movable connection member 24, the movable contactor 128 being able, moreover, to continue its movement towards the relative contact position illustrated in Fig. 18 .
  • the first part of the fractionation device 48 comprising the insulating body 110, 112 carrying the plates 114, to be mounted so as to be able to rotate about the axis A1 in the breaking device, the contactor 128 of the second part can then be fixed in rotation around the axis A1.
  • the first part 50 of the device 48 comprising the insulating body provided with the plates 114, is axially movable in the device, for example by being carried by the movable connection member 24, the contactor 128 being then fixed, can then be arranged in a fixed manner in the device, for example in the internal cavity 31 of the first electrode 20.
  • This third embodiment does not include an end-of-travel absorption device for the movable connection member. However, one could be provided, according to the same concept as described in relation to the first and the second embodiment.
  • the fractionation devices described above each define, outside their contact position, a preferential electric path, along which an electric current is capable of flowing in the event of a dielectric breakdown due to a significant difference in electric potential, exceeding the dielectric strength between the two parts of the device.
  • the electric current circulates either in the form of conduction in distinct, solid conductive elements, or in the form of an electric arc in the elementary free path or paths.
  • the preferred electrical path can be considered as a path of less dielectric strength between the upstream portion and the downstream portion of the electrical circuit for the position or positions apart from the parts of the fractionation device.
  • the continuous conductive electrical path is formed by the solid and conductive material object (s) in which the nominal electric current flows when the two members of the device are in the closed position. electrical and / or when the two parts of the fractionation device are in electrical contact position. Since the continuous conductive electrical path comprises several solid and conductive material objects, these objects are in electrical contact with each other. The continuous conductive electrical path therefore has a material aspect, that of the solid and conductive material objects that compose it, and a geometric aspect, that of the shape of these objects.
  • the separate conductive elements extend over only a part of the continuous conductive electrical path in the device.
  • the remainder of the continuous conductive electrical path comprises in particular the electrodes, the connection terminals and the movable connection member.
  • the continuous conductive electrical path is, at least for the portion along which the separate conductive elements are arranged, a single path, in the sense that it does not include parallel branches, at least in this portion. .
  • the distinct elementary free paths correspond to geometric paths along which there is no solid and conductive material object, but insulating fluid.
  • each of the distinct elementary free paths is created during the opening movement of the two members of the device, in the sense that the length of the elementary free paths varies, during the opening movement passing through 'a zero value, at a value where an arc voltage accumulated through the fractionation device 48 is capable of reaching a value such as to lead to the disappearance of the electric arc.
  • the cumulative dielectric strength of the elementary free paths in the absence of an arc becomes significant, in particular greater than 1 kV / mm.
  • each of the distinct elementary free paths is created progressively during the opening movement of the two members of the device.
  • This progressive creation of distinct elementary free paths from a zero value which is made possible by the arrangement of the distinct conductive elements along the continuous conductive electrical path in which the nominal current flows just before the loss of contact of the two parts of the splitting device, allows to control the place creation of arcs and does not require the intervention of a system to move an arc to a remote chamber as in the prior art.
  • each of the distinct elementary free paths is created more particularly by the movement of the spacing between them. two parts of the device.
  • the distinct elementary free paths can be created successively one after the other in time, in particular with a time lag linked to the opening movement of the two electrodes of the device, or even the separation movement of the two parts of the fractionation device when the latter comprises a first part and a second part movable with respect to one another.
  • the distinct elementary free paths, or at least part of them, can be created simultaneously, as in the cases illustrated by the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above.
  • the sum of the lengths of the elementary free paths distinct from the preferred electrical path is greater than the length of the separation movement of the two relatively mobile parts of the splitting device between their position of contact and said contact. spread position.
  • This increase in the "arc length", and the possibility also of multiplying the arcs by multiplying the elementary free paths between two separate proximal conductive elements makes it possible to increase the capacity of the splitting device, and therefore of the breaking device. , to extinguish an electric arc created at the opening by opposing a strong arc voltage immediately or almost immediately, as in the first and second embodiments or gradually, as in the third embodiment.
  • the splitting device creates, for at least one open position before an extreme open position, a multitude of distinct elementary paths, between a multitude of distinct conductive elements electrically insulated. each other.
  • the apparatus according to the invention comprises at least five distinct elementary paths, but preferably at least ten distinct elementary paths, more preferably at least 30 distinct elementary paths.
  • a mechanical cut-off device for a high voltage or very high voltage electrical circuit of the type comprising two electrodes 20, 22 , 24 which are intended to be electrically connected respectively to an upstream portion and a portion. downstream of the electrical circuit, the two electrodes of the mechanical device being movable relative to each other according to an opening movement, between at least one electrical opening position and at least one electrical closing position in which they establish a nominal electrical connection of the device 10, said nominal electrical connection allowing the passage of a nominal electric current through the device, and of the type comprising an electric arc splitting device 48 comprising a multitude of separate conductive elements, which, for at least one active state of the fractionation device, are spaced apart and electrically insulated from each other in order to define in a fluid e insulation surrounding a multitude of Successive distinct elementary free paths in which electric arcs are liable to be established when the electric circuit opens and / or closes, and of the type comprising a sealed enclosure enclosing an insulating fluid and in which at least the first electrode
  • the fractionation device is advantageously designed as described in the examples above, which have the advantage of great compactness favoring their accommodation in an internal cavity of relatively small size, but other designs are also possible.
  • the internal cavity is advantageously arranged inside an envelope determined by a conductive peripheral surface of the first electrode.
  • at least the second electrode comprises a mobile connection member 24 according to an opening movement relative to the first electrode, between an extreme electrically open position and an extreme electrically closed position in which it establishes an electrical connection. nominal with the first electrode 20, and the internal cavity is arranged inside an envelope determined by a conductive insulating peripheral surface of the movable connection member 24.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
EP16756727.0A 2015-08-07 2016-07-28 Appareil de coupure mecanique d'un circuit electrique haute tension ou tres haute tension avec dispositif de fractionnement Active EP3332414B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1557622A FR3039924B1 (fr) 2015-08-07 2015-08-07 Appareil de coupure mecanique d'un circuit electrique
PCT/FR2016/051958 WO2017025678A1 (fr) 2015-08-07 2016-07-28 Appareil de coupure mecanique d'un circuit electrique haute tension ou tres haute tension avec dispositif de fractionnement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3332414A1 EP3332414A1 (fr) 2018-06-13
EP3332414B1 true EP3332414B1 (fr) 2022-01-05

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EP16756727.0A Active EP3332414B1 (fr) 2015-08-07 2016-07-28 Appareil de coupure mecanique d'un circuit electrique haute tension ou tres haute tension avec dispositif de fractionnement

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US10354819B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3332414B1 (zh)
CN (2) CN111599630B (zh)
ES (1) ES2908223T3 (zh)
FR (1) FR3039924B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2017025678A1 (zh)

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FR3072826B1 (fr) 2017-10-20 2019-11-08 Supergrid Institute Appareil de coupure electrique, procede et installation utilisant un tel appareil
FR3091407B1 (fr) 2018-12-27 2021-10-29 Inst Supergrid Dispositif de coupure de courant pour courant continu haute tension avec circuit capacitif tampon et procédé de pilotage
FR3091408B1 (fr) 2018-12-27 2021-01-15 Inst Supergrid Dispositif de coupure de courant pour courant continu haute tension avec circuit d’oscillation adaptatif et procédé de pilotage
FR3094136B1 (fr) 2019-03-22 2021-04-02 Inst Supergrid Dispositif de coupure de courant pour courant continu haute tension avec résonateur et commutation
US20240312732A1 (en) * 2023-03-17 2024-09-19 Hyundai Electric & Energy Systems Co., Ltd. Earthing switch

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3039924A1 (fr) 2017-02-10
US20180233309A1 (en) 2018-08-16
FR3039924B1 (fr) 2019-05-10
EP3332414A1 (fr) 2018-06-13
US20190355534A1 (en) 2019-11-21
WO2017025678A1 (fr) 2017-02-16
CN108028146B (zh) 2020-07-07
US10354819B2 (en) 2019-07-16
ES2908223T3 (es) 2022-04-28
US10763060B2 (en) 2020-09-01
CN111599630B (zh) 2022-08-16
CN111599630A (zh) 2020-08-28
CN108028146A (zh) 2018-05-11

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