EP3330966A1 - Verbesserte ausdehnung eines frequenzbands in einem dekodierer von audiofrequenzsignalen - Google Patents
Verbesserte ausdehnung eines frequenzbands in einem dekodierer von audiofrequenzsignalen Download PDFInfo
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- EP3330966A1 EP3330966A1 EP17206563.3A EP17206563A EP3330966A1 EP 3330966 A1 EP3330966 A1 EP 3330966A1 EP 17206563 A EP17206563 A EP 17206563A EP 3330966 A1 EP3330966 A1 EP 3330966A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of coding / decoding and audio-frequency signal processing (such as speech, music or other signals) for their transmission or storage.
- the invention relates to a method and a device for extending the frequency band in a decoder or a processor performing an audio-frequency signal improvement.
- the state of the art audio signal coding (mono) consists of perceptual encoding by transform or subband, with parametric high frequency band replication coding (SBR for Spectral). Band Replication in English).
- SBR parametric high frequency band replication coding
- 3GPP AMR-WB Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband codec (decoder and decoder), which operates at an input / output frequency of 16 kHz and in which the signal is divided into two sub-bands, the low band (0-6.4 kHz) which is sampled at 12.8 kHz and coded by CELP model and the high band (6.4-7 kHz) which is parametrically reconstructed by " band extension " ( or BWE for "Bandwidth Extension” with or without additional information depending on the mode of the current frame.
- band extension or BWE for "Bandwidth Extension
- the limitation of the coded band of the AMR-WB codec at 7 kHz is essentially related to the fact that the transmit frequency response of the broadband terminals has been approximated at the time of standardization (ETSI / 3GPP then ITU-T T) according to the frequency mask defined in the ITU-T P.341 standard and more precisely by using a so-called "P341" filter defined in the ITU-T G.191 standard. which cuts frequencies above 7 kHz (this filter respects the mask defined in P.341).
- a signal sampled at 16 kHz may have a defined audio band of 0 to 8000 Hz; the AMR-WB codec thus introduces a limitation of the high band in comparison with the theoretical bandwidth of 8 kHz.
- the 3GPP AMR-WB speech codec was standardized in 2001 mainly for circuit-mode (CS) telephony applications over GSM (2G) and UMTS (3G). This same codec was also standardized in 2003 in the ITU-T as Recommendation G.722.2 "Wideband coding speech at around 16kbit / s using Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB)".
- the principle of band extension in the AMR-WB codec is rather rudimentary. Indeed, the high band (6.4-7 kHz) is generated by formatting a white noise through a temporal envelope (applied in the form of gains per subframe) and frequency (by the application of a linear prediction synthesis filter or LPC for "Linear Predictive Coding").
- This band extension technique is illustrated in figure 1 .
- correction information is transmitted by the encoder AMR-WB and decoded (blocks 107, 108) in order to refine the estimated gain per subframe (4 bits every 5ms, ie 0.8 kbit / s) .
- the AMR-WB decoding algorithm has been improved in part with the development of the ITU-T G.718 scalable codec that was standardized in 2008.
- ITU-T G.718 includes an interoperable mode, for which core coding is compatible with 12.65 kbit / s G.722.2 (AMR-WB) coding; in addition, the G.718 decoder has the distinction of being able to decode a bit stream AMR-WB / G.722.2 at all possible bit rates of the AMR-WB codec (6.6 to 23.85 kbit / s).
- the band extension in the AMR-WB and / or G.718 codecs is still limited in several respects.
- the synthesis of high frequencies by shaped white noise is a very limited model of the signal in the frequency band above 6.4 kHz. Only the 6.4-7 kHz band is artificially re-synthesized, whereas in practice a wider band (up to 8 kHz) is theoretically possible at the sampling frequency of 16 kHz, which can potentially improve the quality of the signals, if they are not pretreated by a P.341 (50-7000 Hz) filter as defined in the ITU-T Software Tool Library (Standard G.191).
- the present invention improves the situation.
- band extension will be taken in a broad sense and will include not only the case of the extension of a subband at high frequencies but also the case of a replacement of subbands used. zero (type "noise filling" in transform coding).
- tonal components and a surround signal extracted from the signal resulting from the decoding of the low band makes it possible to perform the band extension with a signal model adapted to the true nature of the band. signal contrary to the use of artificial noise.
- the quality of the band extension is thus improved and in particular for certain types of signals such as music signals.
- the signal decoded in the low band has a part corresponding to the sound environment that can be transposed into high frequency so that a mix of harmonic components and the existing environment ensures a high band reconstructed consistent.
- the band extension is performed in the field of excitation and the decoded low band signal is a decoded low band excitation signal.
- the advantage of this embodiment is that a transformation without windowing (or equivalently with an implicit rectangular window of the length of the frame) is possible in the field of excitation. In this case no artifact (block effects) is audible.
- this control factor allows the combining step to adapt to the characteristics of the signal to optimize the relative proportion of the ambient signal in the mixture.
- the energy level is thus controlled to avoid audible artifacts.
- the decoded low band signal undergoes a subband decomposition step by transform or filterbank, the extraction and combining steps then being performed in the frequency domain or in subbands. .
- the implementation of the band extension in the frequency domain makes it possible to obtain a fineness of frequency analysis which is not available with a temporal approach, and also makes it possible to have a frequency resolution sufficient to detect the tonal components. .
- this function includes a re-sampling of the signal by adding samples to the spectrum of this signal.
- Other ways of extending the signal are however possible, for example by translation in a sub-band processing.
- This device has the same advantages as the method described above, which it implements.
- the invention relates to a decoder comprising a device as described.
- the invention relates to a storage medium, readable by a processor, integrated or not integrated with the band expansion device, possibly removable, storing a computer program implementing a band extension method as described above.
- the figure 3 illustrates an example of a decoder, compatible with the norm AMR-WB / G.722.2 in which one finds a postprocessing similar to that introduced in G.718 and described with reference to the figure 2 and an improved tape extension according to the extension method of the invention, implemented by the tape extension device illustrated by block 309.
- the CELP decoding (BF for low frequencies) always operates at the internal frequency of 12.8 kHz, as in AMR-WB and G.718, and the band extension (HF for high frequencies) subject of the invention operating at the frequency of 16 kHz, the synthesis BF and HF are combined (block 312) at the frequency fs after adequate resampling (blocks 307 and 311).
- the combination of the low and high bands can be done at 16 kHz, after resampling the low band of 12.8 to 16 kHz, before resampling the combined signal at the frequency fs.
- This example decoder operates in the field of excitation and therefore comprises a step of decoding the low band excitation signal.
- the band extension device and the band extension method within the meaning of the invention also operates in a field different from the field of excitation and in particular with a low band decoded direct signal or a filter-weighted signal. perceptual.
- the decoder described makes it possible to extend the decoded low band (50-6400 Hz by taking into account the high-pass filtering at 50 Hz at the decoder, 0-6400 Hz in the general case ) to an extended band whose width varies, ranging from approximately 50-6900 Hz to 50-7700 Hz depending on the mode implemented in the current frame.
- the excitation for the high frequencies and generated in the frequency domain in a band of 5000 to 8000 Hz, to allow bandpass filtering of width 6000 to 6900 or 7700 Hz whose slope is not too stiff in the upper band rejected.
- the high band synthesis part is realized in block 309 representing the band extension device according to the invention and which is detailed in FIG. figure 5 in one embodiment.
- a delay (block 310) is introduced to synchronize the outputs of the blocks 306 and 309 and the high band synthesized at 16 kHz is resampled from 16 kHz to the frequency fs (output of block 311).
- the extension method of the invention implemented in block 309 according to the first embodiment introduces preferentially no additional delay with respect to the low band reconstructed at 12.8 kHz; however, in variants of the invention (for example using a time / frequency transformation with overlap), a delay may be introduced.
- the low and high bands are then combined (added) in block 312 and the resulting synthesis is post-processed by high-order 50 Hz (type IIR) high-pass filtering whose coefficients depend on the frequency fs (block 313) and output post-processing with optional noise gate application similar to G.718 (block 314).
- high-order 50 Hz type IIR
- the band extension device according to the invention illustrated by the block 309 according to the embodiment of the decoder of the figure 5 , implements a band extension method (in the broad sense) described now with reference to the figure 4 .
- This extension device can also be independent of the decoder and can implement the method described in FIG. figure 4 to perform a band extension of an existing audio signal stored or transmitted to the device, with an analysis of the audio signal to extract for example an excitation and an LPC filter.
- This device receives as input a decoded signal in a first so-called low-band frequency band u ( n ) which may be in the field of excitation or that of the signal.
- a step of subband decomposition (E401b) by time frequency transform or filter bank is applied to the low band decoded signal to obtain the spectrum of the decoded low band signal U (k) for a implemented in the frequency domain.
- a step E401a for extending the decoded low band signal in a second frequency band greater than the first frequency band, to obtain an extended low band decoded signal U HB 1 ( k ), can be performed on this decoded low band signal before or after the analysis step (subband decomposition).
- This extension step may comprise both a resampling step and an extension step or simply a translation step or frequency transposition as a function of the signal obtained at the input. It will be noted that in variants, step E401a may be performed at the end of the treatment described in FIG. figure 4 , i.e. on the combined signal, this processing being then mainly performed on the low band signal before expansion, the result being equivalent.
- a step E402 for extracting a room signal ( U HBA ( k )) and tonal components (y (k)) is performed from the decoded ( U ( k )) or decoded and extended ( U HB 1 ( k )) .
- Ambience is defined here as the residual signal that is obtained by suppressing in the existing signal the main (or dominant) harmonics (or tonal components).
- the high band (> 6 kHz) contains ambient information that is generally similar to that in the low band.
- step E403 The tonal components and the surround signal are then adaptively combined using energy level control factors in step E403 to obtain a so-called combined signal ( U HB 2 ( k )) .
- the extension step E401a can then be implemented if it has not already been performed on the decoded low band signal.
- the combination of these two types of signals makes it possible to obtain a combined signal with characteristics more adapted to certain types of signals, such as musical signals, and richer in frequency content and in the extended frequency band corresponding to the entire band of signals. frequency including the first and the second frequency band.
- the band extension according to the method improves the quality for this type of signals compared to the extension described in the AMR-WB standard.
- a synthesis step which corresponds to the analysis at 401b, is performed at E404b to bring the signal back to the time domain.
- an energy level adjustment step of the high band signal can be performed at E404a, before and / or after the synthesis step, by applying gain and / or adequate filtering. This step will be explained in more detail in the embodiment described in figure 5 for blocks 501 to 507.
- the band extension device 500 is now described with reference to the figure 5 illustrating both this device but also processing modules suitable for implementation in a decoder interoperable type with an AMR-WB coding.
- This device 500 implements the band extension method described above with reference to FIG. figure 4 .
- the processing block 510 receives a decoded low band signal ( u ( n )) .
- the band extension uses the decoded excitation at 12.8 kHz (exc2 or u ( n )) at the output of the block 302 of the figure 3 .
- This signal is decomposed into frequency subbands by the subband decomposition module 510 (which implements step E401b of the figure 4 ) which generally performs a transform or applies a bank of filters, to obtain a sub-band decomposition U (k) of the signal u ( n ) .
- a transformation without windowing (or equivalently with an implicit rectangular window of the length of the frame) is possible when the processing is performed in the field of excitation, and not the domain of the signal. In this case no artefact (block effects) is audible, which is an important advantage of this embodiment of the invention.
- the DCT-IV transformation is implemented by FFT according to the algorithm called " Evolved DCT (EDCT)" described in the article by DM Zhang, HT Li, A Low Complexity Transform - Evolved DCT, IEEE 14th International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE), Aug. 2011, pp. 144-149 , and implemented in ITU-T G.718 Annex B and G.729.1 Annex E.
- EDCT Evolved DCT
- the DCT-IV transformation may be replaced by other short-term time-frequency transformations of the same length and in the field of excitation or in the domain of the signal, as an FFT (for "Fast Fourier Transform” in English ) or a DCT-II ( Discrete Cosine Transform - Type II).
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform
- DCT-II Discrete Cosine Transform - Type II
- MDCT for "Modified Discrete Cosine Tranform”
- the delay T in the block 310 of the figure 3 should be adjusted (reduced) adequately according to the additional delay due to the analysis / synthesis by this transform.
- the subband decomposition is performed by the application of a real or complex filter bank, for example of the PQMF (Pseudo-QMF) type.
- a real or complex filter bank for example of the PQMF (Pseudo-QMF) type.
- PQMF Pulseudo-QMF
- the preferred embodiment in the invention can be applied by producing for example a transform of each subband and calculating the ambient signal in the range of absolute values, the tonal components always being obtained by difference between the signal (in absolute value) and the ambient signal.
- the complex module of the samples will replace the absolute value.
- the invention will be applied in a system using two subbands, the low band being analyzed by transform or filterbank.
- Block 511 implements step E401a of the figure 4 , that is, the extension of the decoded low band signal.
- the original spectrum is conserved, in order to be able to apply a gradual attenuation response of the high-pass filter in this frequency band and also to avoid introducing audible defects. during the step of adding the low frequency synthesis to the high frequency synthesis.
- the generation of the oversampled extended spectrum is carried out in a frequency band ranging from 5 to 8 kHz, thus including a second frequency band (6.4-8 kHz) greater than the first frequency band. (0-6.4 kHz).
- the extension of the decoded low band signal is performed at least on the second frequency band but also on a part of the first frequency band.
- This approach preserves the original spectrum in this band and avoids introducing distortions in the 5000-6000 Hz band during the addition of HF synthesis with BF synthesis - particularly the signal phase (implicitly represented in the DCT-IV domain) in this band is preserved.
- the band 6000-8000 Hz of U HB 1 ( k ) is here defined by copying the 4000-6000 Hz band of U (k) since the value of start_band is preferably fixed at 160.
- the value of start_band can be made adaptive around the value of 160, without changing the nature of the invention.
- the details of the adaptation of the value start_band are not described here because they go beyond the scope of the invention without changing the scope.
- the high band (> 6 kHz) contains background information that is naturally similar to that in the low band.
- Ambience is defined here as the residual signal that is obtained by suppressing in the existing signal the main (or dominant) harmonics.
- level of harmonicity in the 6000-8000 Hz band is generally correlated to that of the lower frequency bands.
- This decoded and extended low band signal is provided at the input of the extension device 500 and in particular at the input of the module 512.
- the block 512 for extracting tonal components and a room signal implements the step E402 of the figure 4 in the frequency domain.
- This calculation therefore involves an implicit detection of the tonal components.
- the tonal parts are thus implicitly detected using the intermediate term y (i) representing an adaptive threshold.
- the detection condition being y ( i )> 0.
- the absolute value of the spectral values will be replaced for example by the square of the spectral values, without changing the principle of the invention; in this case a square root will be needed to return to the signal domain, which is more complex to achieve.
- the combination module 513 performs a step of combining by adaptive mixing of the ambient signal and the tonal components.
- a power level control factor is calculated based on the total energy of the decoded (or decoded and extended) low band signal and the tonal components.
- ⁇ is calculated so as to keep the same level of ambient signal with respect to the energy of the tonal components in the consecutive bands of the signal.
- N ( k 1 , k 2 ) is the set of indices k for which the index coefficient k is classified as being associated with the tonal components.
- This set can be obtained for example by detecting the local peaks in U ' ( k ) verifying
- the calculation of ⁇ may be replaced by other methods.
- the postman ⁇ as a function of a linear regression from these different parameters by limiting its value between 0 and 1.
- the linear regression could for example be estimated in a supervised manner by estimating the factor ⁇ by giving the original high band in a base d 'learning. It will be noted that the method of calculating ⁇ does not limit the nature of the invention.
- ⁇ and ⁇ are possible within the scope of the invention.
- the block 501 At the output of the band extension device 500, the block 501, in a particular embodiment, optionally carries out a dual operation of application of bandpass filter frequency response and deemphasis filtering (or deemphasis filtering). ) in the frequency domain.
- the deemphasis filtering may be performed in the time domain, after the block 502 or even before the block 510; however, in this case, the bandpass filtering performed in the block 501 may leave some low frequency components of very low levels which are amplified by de-emphasis, which may slightly discern the decoded low band. For this reason, it is preferred here to perform the deemphasis in the frequency domain.
- the HF synthesis is not de-emphasized.
- the high-frequency signal is on the contrary de-emphasized so as to bring it back to a domain coherent with the low-frequency signal (0-6.4 kHz) coming out of block 305 of the figure 3 . This is important for the estimation and subsequent adjustment of the energy of the HF synthesis.
- the de-emphasis can be performed in an equivalent manner in the time domain after inverse DCT.
- band-pass filtering is applied with two separate parts: one fixed high-pass, the other adaptive low-pass (flow-rate function).
- This filtering is performed in the frequency domain.
- bandpass filtering can be adapted by defining a single filtering step combining the high-pass and low-pass filtering.
- the bandpass filtering may be performed in an equivalent manner in the time domain (as in block 112 of the present invention). figure 1 ) with different filter coefficients according to the flow rate, after a reverse DCT step.
- this step it is advantageous to carry out this step directly in the frequency domain because the filtering is carried out in the field of LPC excitation and therefore the problems of circular convolution and edge effects are very limited in this field. .
- the block 502 performs the synthesis corresponding to the analysis carried out in the block 510.
- the realization of the block 503 differs from that of the block 101 of the figure 1 because the energy at the current frame is taken into account in addition to that of the sub-frame. This makes it possible to have the ratio of the energy of each subframe with respect to the energy of the frame. Energy ratios (or relative energies) are compared rather than the absolute energies between low band and high band.
- this scaling step makes it possible to keep in the high band the energy ratio between the subframe and the frame in the same way as in the low band.
- Blocks 505 and 506 are useful for adjusting the level of the LPC synthesis filter (block 507), here depending on the tilt of the signal. Other methods of calculating the gain g HB 2 ( m ) are possible without changing the nature of the invention.
- this filtering can be done in the same way as that described for block 111 of the figure 1 of the AMR-WB decoder, however the order of the filter goes to 20 at the rate of 6.6, which does not significantly change the quality of the synthesized signal.
- the coding of the low band (0-6.4 kHz) may be replaced by a CELP coder other than that used in AMR-WB, for example the CELP coder in G.718 to 8. kbit / s.
- a CELP coder other than that used in AMR-WB, for example the CELP coder in G.718 to 8. kbit / s.
- other encoders in wide band or operating at frequencies higher than 16 kHz in which the coding of the low band operates at an internal frequency at 12.8 kHz could be used.
- the invention can be obviously adapted to other sampling frequencies than 12.8 kHz, when a low frequency encoder operates at a sampling frequency lower than that of the original or reconstructed signal.
- the low band decoding does not use a linear prediction, it does not have an excitation signal to be extended, in this case it will be possible to carry out an LPC analysis of the reconstructed signal in the current frame and calculate an LPC excitation. so as to be able to apply the invention.
- the excitation or the low band signal ( u ( n )) is resampled, for example by linear interpolation or cubic "spline", of 12.8 to 16 kHz before transformation (for example DCT-IV) of length 320.
- This variant has the defect of being more complex, because the transform (DCT-IV) of the excitation or the signal is then calculated on a larger length and resampling is not performed in the transform domain.
- the figure 6 represents an exemplary hardware embodiment of a band extension device 600 according to the invention. This may be an integral part of an audio-frequency signal decoder or equipment receiving decoded or non-decoded audio signals.
- This type of device comprises a PROC processor cooperating with a memory block BM having a memory storage and / or work MEM.
- a PROC processor cooperating with a memory block BM having a memory storage and / or work MEM.
- Such a device comprises an input module E adapted to receive a decoded audio signal or extracted in a first frequency band said low band brought into the frequency domain ( U ( k )) . It comprises an output module S adapted to transmit the extension signal in a second frequency band ( U HB 2 ( k )) for example to a filter module 501 of the figure 5 .
- the memory block may advantageously comprise a computer program comprising code instructions for implementing the steps of the band extension method in the sense of the invention, when these instructions are executed by the processor PROC, and in particular the steps for extracting (E402) tonal components and a surround signal from a signal derived from the decoded low band signal ( U ( k )), combining (E403) the tonal components (y (k)) and the ambient signal ( U HBA ( k )) by adaptive mixing using energy level control factors to obtain an audio signal, said combined signal ( U HB 2 ( k )), of extension (E401a) on at least one second frequency band greater than the first frequency band of the low band decoded signal before the extraction step or the combined signal after the combining step.
- a computer program comprising code instructions for implementing the steps of the band extension method in the sense of the invention, when these instructions are executed by the processor PROC, and in particular the steps for extracting (E402) tonal components and a surround signal from a signal derived from the
- the description of the figure 4 takes the steps of an algorithm of such a computer program.
- the computer program can also be stored on a memory medium readable by a reader of the device or downloadable in the memory space thereof.
- the memory MEM generally records all the data necessary for the implementation of the method.
- the device thus described can also comprise the low band decoding functions and other processing functions described for example in figure 5 and 3 in addition to the band extension functions according to the invention.
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- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
- Computational Linguistics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
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HRP20231164TT HRP20231164T1 (hr) | 2014-02-07 | 2015-02-04 | Poboljšana ekstenzija frekvencijskog opsega u dekoderu audiofrekvencijskih signala |
RS20230844A RS64614B1 (sr) | 2014-02-07 | 2015-02-04 | Poboljšana ekstenzija frekvencijskog opsega u dekoderu audiofrekvencijskih signala |
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FR1450969A FR3017484A1 (fr) | 2014-02-07 | 2014-02-07 | Extension amelioree de bande de frequence dans un decodeur de signaux audiofrequences |
PCT/FR2015/050257 WO2015118260A1 (fr) | 2014-02-07 | 2015-02-04 | Extension ameliorée de bande de fréquence dans un décodeur de signaux audiofréquences |
EP15705687.0A EP3103116B1 (de) | 2014-02-07 | 2015-02-04 | Verbesserte frequenzbanderweiterung in einem audiosignaldecodierer |
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EP15705687.0A Division-Into EP3103116B1 (de) | 2014-02-07 | 2015-02-04 | Verbesserte frequenzbanderweiterung in einem audiosignaldecodierer |
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EP17206567.4A Active EP3330967B1 (de) | 2014-02-07 | 2015-02-04 | Verbesserte ausdehnung eines frequenzbands in einem dekodierer von audiofrequenzsignalen |
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EP17206567.4A Active EP3330967B1 (de) | 2014-02-07 | 2015-02-04 | Verbesserte ausdehnung eines frequenzbands in einem dekodierer von audiofrequenzsignalen |
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PT2951819T (pt) * | 2013-01-29 | 2017-06-06 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Aparelho, método e meio computacional para sintetizar um sinal de áudio |
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EP2980794A1 (de) * | 2014-07-28 | 2016-02-03 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Audiocodierer und -decodierer mit einem Frequenzdomänenprozessor und Zeitdomänenprozessor |
EP3382702A1 (de) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-03 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur bestimmung einer im voraus bestimmten eigenschaft bezüglich der künstlichen bandbreitenbeschränkungsverarbeitung eines audiosignals |
CN109688531B (zh) * | 2017-10-18 | 2021-01-26 | 宏达国际电子股份有限公司 | 获取高音质音频变换信息的方法、电子装置及记录介质 |
EP3518562A1 (de) | 2018-01-29 | 2019-07-31 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Audiosignalprozessor, system und verfahren zur verteilung eines umgebungssignals an mehrere umgebungssignalkanäle |
KR102308077B1 (ko) * | 2019-09-19 | 2021-10-01 | 에스케이텔레콤 주식회사 | 학습 모델 기반의 인공 대역 변환장치 및 방법 |
CN113192517B (zh) * | 2020-01-13 | 2024-04-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种音频编解码方法和音频编解码设备 |
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US20010044722A1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-11-22 | Harald Gustafsson | System and method for modifying speech signals |
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