EP3329064A1

EP3329064A1 - Method and device for applying an insulation to buildings

Info

Publication number: EP3329064A1
Application number: EP16754414.7A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Georg Wasserfaller Sen.
Original assignee: Holzweber Maria Elisabeth
Current assignee: Holzweber Maria Elisabeth
Priority date: 2015-07-31
Filing date: 2016-07-27
Publication date: 2018-06-06
Also published as: CA2992587A1; WO2017021259A1; US20180223546A1; MA42528A; RU2018106713A; AT520023A5; DE102015112614A1; AU2016302429A1

Abstract

A jointless surface covering can be applied to building parts by a method and a device (2). A flow of a surface covering material (37, 92) and of an adhesive (94, 95) is sprayed onto an underlying plane which is situated on the building part. The surface covering material forms an insulation for the building part. Granules (92) are used for the surface covering material. The granules are misted with adhesive (94) and, carried by air, they reach an area to be covered, wherein the granules immediately adhere as a result of the adhesive, which undergoes a chain reaction. By virtue of the device (2), granules are supplied from a granules reservoir (8) and adhesive is supplied from an adhesive reservoir (46) and brought together in an air space via a nozzle assembly (60) in order to form the surface covering. A combing device (16) serves for separating granular particles (92), which pass into a flow channel (28) via a chute (24). In the flow channel, the granular particles are taken up by an air flow (36) from a fan (30) and fed to the air space.

Description

Method and device for applying an insulation on

buildings

The present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1, which makes it possible to apply an insulation on a building, on individual walls or on ceilings of a building surface covering, without the building substance z. B. to have to attack by drilling. The application of the insulation is particularly advantageous with a device according to the preamble of claim 17. In other words, the present invention is concerned with a butt jointless surface covering by spraying a surface covering material, wherein an adhesive is added. The impacting material can subsequently adhere and harden. An (order-of-use) machine suitable for such a method of application may comprise a granule reservoir, a blower, an adhesive hose, and an adhesive pump.

State of the art For the insulation of buildings, craft enterprises often use insulating boards or insulating mats which, depending on the insulating material, are favorable for the thermal insulation, the fire protection or the soundproofing. As homeowners may occasionally find, insulation boards tend to settle after installation or, if the attachment is not sufficiently careful, sag over their surface. The installation of insulation boards z. B. on a winding old building is also very time consuming. A layer, such as a plaster or a paint, can be applied more quickly to a facade or wall of a building, for which numerous spraying methods and spraying machines are known. These methods and machines each provide advantages for a specific application, but are generally usable only for the originally intended materials. If insulating materials introduced in injection molding machines, z. B. blockages arise. Processes and machines for applying the selected materials are therefore often matched exactly.

The patent application WO 2006/024 882 A2 (disclosure date: 09.03.2006) of the International Cellulose Corporation et al. Deals with the most pleasing appearance of a layer to be applied to ceilings or walls. The wall covering proposed is a material made of cellulose fibers. As further ingredients become one Adhesive mixture and optionally a dispersant or a gelling agent mentioned. Convenient for the smoothing are mixtures of different screen sizes screened fiber sizes. A device for blowing out the cellulose is named as already known at the time of the application and is not further described in the document. The pleasing appearance of the surfaces is to be produced with a finishing tool, for which various embodiments come into consideration.

For the beautification of interiors is proposed in the published patent application DE 196 54 466 A1 (Disclosure: 23.10.1997) Applicant J. Kschwan, a wall coating of cell structures and components of mineral structures for glitter effects z. B. applied by means of a spraying process. The syringe application preparation procedure involves swelling the material in the water to obtain a sufficient viscosity for spraying.

The application of an insulating and / or fire protection compound is in the two patents AT 399 899 B (disclosure date: 15.12.1994) and CA 2 108 541 C (disclosure date: 18.08.1993) and in the parallel German utility model DE 92 03 877 U1 (Disclosure Date: 30.07.1992) of the owner Burian Gesellschaft MBH & CO. KG described. With a machine mounted on rollers (see Figure 1 of AT 399 899 B), it should be possible to use asbestos substitutes with similarly good fire protection properties by a method for monolithic application to a surface by means of a spray gun. Here, the insulating and / or fire protection material and then a powdered hardener is first introduced into an air volume and mixed and conveyed by means of air. In addition, a binder or adhesive should be used. In the machine used a conveyor fan to be connected with its suction side to one end of a conveying channel for the insulating and / or fire protection material and the powdered hardener. This arrangement acts as if this results in unfavorable flow conditions.

The topic of spray insulation is also in patents of Wöllner works such. B. in DE 27 34 839 C2 (disclosure: 08.02.1979) discussed. One focus of the disclosures in the documents is an adhesive for spray insulation using mineral fibers that are to be used as an alternative to asbestos insulation. The carrier material used is a metallic substrate, because primarily power plant turbines are intended as application area to the developers of the presented adhesive, which must be resistant to at least 1000 Ό. Using the adhesive fibers are sprayed onto a surface to be insulated in one operation. As a result, the layers are so dense that even metal should be protected against corrosion. The patent application DE 31 18 601 A1 (disclosure: 25.1 1 .1982) of green branch + Hartmann and glass fiber AG is based on the technique of spray insulation by means of mineral fibers and in addition to promoting binder or hardener whose mixing takes place only behind the outlet opening. The published patent application describes a device for spray insulation in the form of a nozzle head. Binders and hardeners are supplied by means of a gaseous carrier medium, such as air, to a space in front of the nozzle head. This can lead to nozzle clogging of the multi-part nozzle arrangement, which lead to a non-uniform outflow, whereby adhesion of the fibers to each other or to a wall is impaired, and make complicated cleaning work required. Similar problems can occur both with the binder and with the hardener, which is why for binder and hardener separate outlet openings are used before these agents reach the carrier medium air. The proposed arrangement is designed in such a way that the outlet openings for binders or hardeners are present as preferred center openings, which are surrounded by an annular opening for the carrier medium air. As a result, an adhesive should form only when the components air, hardener and binder come into contact with each other. If ring openings are partially closed by the fibers applied during the work, hardeners and binders can no longer be applied evenly. The document does not explain how to feed the mineral fibers. To supply different ring channels must be provided in the nozzle head, on the one hand are relatively expensive to produce and on the other hand can clog yourself. Disassembly of the nozzle head in the environment of a construction site certainly encounters difficulties. Another possibility of coating objects with sputtered material is described in the patent application EP 192 097 A2 (disclosure date: 31 .01 .1986) of Kopperschmidt-Mueller GmbH & Co KG. With the help of a sputtering device, a spray is to be formed, can be applied with the pneumatically atomized material and hydrostatically sputtered material in a hollow jet core jet configuration. In the simultaneous atomization, a novel particle spectrum is to arise. Another application is seen in the application of two-component paints. The possibility of electrostatic charging of the particles is mentioned in order to deposit more particles on the article to be coated. Examples of compositions of water-redispersible polymer powder compositions, e.g. B. for the production of building adhesives or as a binder for coating materials come into consideration, from DE 197 33 166 A1 (disclosure: 04.02.1999) of Wacker-Chemie GmbH.

The patent application EP 0 023 352 A1 (disclosure date: 04.02.1981, priority reservation: DE 29 30 748 A1) of the applicant Josef Frager relates to a spray gun. The description starts from the known plastering or concrete application machines, which are to use a technique of torketing. It is explained why the well-known brushing and concrete application machines are not suitable for the processing of heat-insulating coverings, in particular using glass fibers. The substances to be applied should have heat and / or sound insulating properties. The spray gun shown in FIG. 1 of EP 0 023 352 A1 is specially designed for processing polystyrene-based insulation materials. Heat-insulating coverings should be formed by the inflated plastic, also referred to as filler, with the addition of a binder. An additional spraying of rays of fiber material is also named, but their supply is not further explained. The filler is conveyed by a necessary pressure to the outlet opening. It is to be feared that the pressurized filler will thereby be compressed, thereby deteriorating, on the one hand, the distribution in its application and, on the other, the insulating properties. The spray gun should be advantageous for the pressing of binder through nozzles. It has been warned against foaming of binders by air admixture, which is detrimental to the adhesion of filler grains. With regard to the combustible polystyrene rigid foams, questions often arise in circles of homeowners as to whether adequate fire protection can be achieved on a building and whether vapors resulting from a fire represent an additional health risk.

In DE 43 34 231 A1 (disclosure date: 20.04.1995) of Daussan et Compagnie is a system for applying or applying a coating or coating on a surface z. B. a metallurgical container described. The coating should z. B. be insulating or fireproof. It is also considered the application of bilayers of different composition. Under a silo of the system, in which a scraper rotates to divide a finely powdered mixture, there is a chamber in which a likewise motor-driven cellular wheel is arranged. From this chamber, the mixture used mixed with water passes into a tubular body and is conveyed by a pump to a spray nozzle. The bucket wheel rotates about a vertical axis and effects an allocation of the mixture by operating apertures in a fixed disk. In the tubular body an Archimedean screw to promote the mixture should be arranged. As a pump, a screw pump is proposed. It is assumed that the mixture is subjected to mechanical stress during the circulation before it emerges for application through a spray nozzle. A mineral fiber injection and injection method with foam carrier system is described in the application DE 41 33 541 A1 (disclosure date: 07.05.1992) of F. Willich insulation materials and accessories GmbH & Co. A Dämms- / lsolierstoff is mixed in a mixing hose, just before leaving a Einblasschlauchs, a special foam and the mixture is then discharged together through a spray nozzle. Here, the finest fiber particles are to be suspended floating in a foam pad. The carrier foam should disappear during the drying process, so that a solid molded part of bonded fibers is formed. Although it is said that the mineral fibers are dust-free, it is expected that the provision and delivery of the individual fiber insulating material in a process sequence will present health concerns today.

According to the patent specification DE 37 86 630 T2 (disclosure date: 06.04.1988) of the owner Isover Saint-Gobain should be made for a heat-insulating product in situ production from a composition containing fibers or particles. Glass or rock fibers may be used which are coated with a so-called reactivatable polyvinyl alcohol polymer, which polymer should be suitable in the presence of a suitable crosslinking agent and with the addition of water for the production of insulating wool mat. For example, working with a mixture in which first a fiber felt was torn, coated with a polymer and dried. The flakes or Elementarknäueln of the fibers thus formed is then added a powdery coagulant. It should also be possible to spray the fibers onto a support together with a water-dissolved or dispersed coagulant to form an insulating layer. As a coagulant would be a borate or aluminum sulfate into consideration. Because first all fibers z. B. must be prepared by a polymer coating, the methods seem gem. DE 37 86 630 T2 to be relatively expensive. The spraying device operates with a fiberglass compaction chamber in which airfoils travel. The compacted fibers are caught by the teeth of a carding unit and torn or shredded into fibrous particles. Subsequently, the material is conveyed further in a rotor-stator arrangement, wherein the rotor in the cylindrical stator has cells which are formed by limiting blades with sealing tongues. The rotor should hereby have the task of displacing the particles into an air stream at the bottom of the stator, which subsequently carries the particles out of a cell in order to produce the insulation wool mat on a conveyor belt. Subsequently, the mats are fed to a drying oven. This seems to be a fully automated production plant for insulating mats. The presented in DE 37 86 630 T2 process lead to insulating mats, in which the known butt joints themselves forcibly form.

Task Insulation materials that are attached to structures should improve the living environment in the buildings, ideally taking into account the environment of the structures. Workers, who in particular make regular building insulation, but also homeowners want a process by which an insulation as uncomplicated, quickly and effectively can be applied. Would be beneficial if the ecological compatibility of usable materials can be observed. In other words, it is desirable to have a method and a machine for applying insulation materials that work as resource-saving as possible. A machine gladly accepted by workers should be designed so simple that it can be used safely even without extensive technical training and can be used on various types of structures to provide an insulating material such. B. applied to a wall.

The object according to the invention is achieved by a method according to claim 1, a suitable device serving to solve the problem is provided in claim 17. Advantageous developments are the dependent claims.

Contrary to the widely used method of insulating buildings and parts of buildings by plate-like or roller-like insulating elements, the inventive method provides opportunities to avoid joints and edges. It is even possible to cover, fill in or close joints or cracks that already exist on buildings on a surface. By the method surfaces on building parts or entire structures can be covered over the entire surface, with only light-transparent areas, such as windows and doors, or movable areas, such as bearings or hinges, are excluded. The surfaces must, if at all, be little pre-treated, such. B. by removing loose parts, or possibly the removal of dust or grease. Pre-treatment by applying a primer or sealing the surface can be dispensed with.

The inventive method is also in buildings, especially old buildings, or even in more modern, architecturally visionary building structures, the concave or convex shaped Surface elements, curves or polygonal areas, niches and ledges may have applicable. The method according to the invention can produce an insulation, in particular a thermal insulation, with special challenges due to the structure of the surface to be insulated. The inventive method avoids the production of blanks of plates or mats and their assembly and the associated complex assembly. An insulation, which is built up from cut elements, is from one point of view always a small area compared to a building size insulation, in which connection areas, such as joints and edges. Thanks to the method according to the invention joints and edges that reduce an overall effect of insulation and z. B. unfavorable for the energy balance of a house are to be avoided in many areas. The risk of exposed joints, which are areas of attack for erosion, is thus reduced. Fugenous erosion is gradually due to weather conditions or by the settlement of living beings.

As a substrate for the applied insulating layer, so as a base material of the building or building part are suitable for. As metal, wood, brick, clay, natural stone or concrete, in particular also aerated concrete materials. Surfaces that are to be isolated are often crooked and bumpy or porous. The surface coverage can be used to fill in or level out unwanted structures or wall damage, so no smoothing preparation is required. By means of surface covering, the surface of a building part can be modeled into a desired shape. It is even possible to apply the surface covering on roofs or from below on ceilings. At least selected surface coverings are also suitable for interiors. The cover can be applied to a structural part with a predetermined thickness. Compared to insulation methods in which insulation boards are to be individually glued or screwed to a wall, the total workload should be reduced to a third.

The application on the surface takes place without contact by spraying. Due to the spray technique, a complete butt joint-free covering of a wall surface, such as a complete side wall of a building, can be produced. Work to apply the surface covering are possible with a small amount of muscle power. For example, from a surface covering of a facade, between 1 m ³ and 6 m ³ (cubic meter) per working hour (depending on the injection speed) can be applied by a worker, that is, depending on how the device used for spraying is designed or adjusted. The spraying, which may also be referred to as spraying, spraying, applying or applying under various aspects, takes place over a distance. Also difficult to access Gaps, such as ducts, can be achieved. Among other things, spraying means that it is advantageous if the application is carried out by a spraying device. The sprayed material forms a stream. A first component of the stream is a surface covering material. A second component of the stream is an adhesive. There may be provided further components. The material to be applied preferably contains liquid constituents which may be gel-like viscous, and in particular solid constituents which have a stable volume. The adhesive is preferably flowable as an adhesive raw material, especially if it comprises a gel. The stream may include particles, drops and a carrier medium, such as air. The electricity can be aligned to a building part. A direction of the current and a starting point of the current are starting from a starting position at the beginning of the spraying as needed, for. B. to form a predetermined cover thickness, in particular manually, changeable.

The surface of a structure impacted by the current can also be referred to as the underlying plane. In one embodiment, an already applied layer may be the surface having unevenness as the underlying plane. The surface-covering material can be applied as a finishing layer which is exposed to environmental influences such as weathering. It is also possible, the surface cover material as a conclusion with another layer, for. As a mechanical protective layer, a paint layer, an adhesive layer or a layer of a surface covering material, to coat. Complete prefabricated house parts can be produced in this way. However, a building made of assembled prefabricated house parts can also be subsequently covered by spraying surface covering materials and adhesives and at least thereby insulated or insulated or protected. It is also possible that an initially applied layer is a first layer of an insulating material, a sound insulation material or a protective layer, such as a wood protection layer. Common layer thicknesses of a surface covering material amount to z. B. 15 cm (centimeters). Already with 5 cm layer thickness a good insulation or insulation is achieved. Even layer thicknesses of 50 cm and even more than 50 cm thick can be built up. Depending on the desired embodiment, the thickness of the surface covering may be greater than the wall thickness of the building to be covered. The surface-covering material combined with adhesive is particularly suitable for energy-efficient insulation of a surface for a so-called passive house. This can save considerable heating costs. The method is also advantageously applicable to fill in or close gaps or wall areas. Such spaces offers z. B. a framework that represents the building part. In intervals, the surface cover material may be considered static Structure, harden as a supporting structure.

The sprayed stream adheres to the surface after impact. An impact impulse of the stream should be sufficiently small adjustable, so that (significant amounts of) the surface cover material (s) in conjunction with adhesive does not bounce off the surface, in particular an adhesive-coated surface. The surface-covering material preferably reaches the underlying plane together with the adhesive. On the underlying surface resting a hardening of the surface covering takes place. As it sets, any particular bond between the surface, the surface finish, and the adhesive solidifies. The curing takes place in such a short time that a gravitational effect of flowing off the surface covering on a wall, in particular on the wall surface, largely or completely absent. Before solidification, a discharge path on a vertical wall is at least smaller than the covering thickness. In other words, a layer thickness of the covering represents an upper limit for a discharge line, which is preferably smaller than 1 cm.

To form the insulating material granules can be used. A granulate is a solid comprising a plurality of particles, also referred to as granule particles. It is advantageous if the granules are pourable like a liquid, because there is no rigid connection between a plurality of granulate particles. An example of a suitable granules is rock wool granules, the particularly favorable properties z. B. for fire protection, thermal protection and sound insulation combined. The granules form part of the surface covering material.

The granules, in particular a granulate particle, has a granulate particle surface which presents an air resistance. By flowing air kinetic energy to the granules, in particular granular particles, transferable. The granules may be carried by a stream of air to a surface to be covered. The granulate moves airborne in a predetermined direction. The air flow serves to at least partially compensate or overcome gravity acting on the granules.

The granules are a insulating raw material. Insulating raw material is transported in a dry state by air. The insulation raw material can provide several insulation properties. At least one other material must be brought together with the insulating raw material so that the insulating raw material becomes an insulating material. A Dämmrohmaterial is an insulating material, especially on a construction site, further processed. A further material to use is an adhesive. The adhesive promotes an arrangement of the insulating raw material as insulating material. The adhesive is applied fog-like. It can also be said that the adhesive, like a mist, wraps the insulating raw material airborne. A mist has droplets that come from at least one liquid. The granules are applied so that they reach a surface to be covered, wherein a misted-in air region is traversed by the granules. A direction of movement of the granules is limited by the area to be covered. The granules touch the surface to be covered. Adhesive touches the granules and the surface to be covered. The touch can also be called an impact. During the impact, at least one directional component of a granulate particle movement comes to a standstill. The adhesive prevents rebounding of the insulating raw material from the surface to be covered. In other words, the granules adhere to the surface to be covered through the intermediary of the adhesive. By the adhesive is immediately a hold of a granular particle on the surface to be covered, in particular on a building part or an applied granules formed. The adhesive acts on the granules during a spatial contact without a time delay. There is a reaction of the adhesive, in particular within less than a minute, preferably within less than 10 seconds. Already within a fraction of a second, z. B. less than half a second, a first reaction of the adhesive can take place. The reaction of the adhesive leads, at least as a result, to a concatenation of the granules. According to one aspect, in particular concerning a carrying capacity, it can be said that a linkage between the granulated particle and a surface to be covered is formed by a linking. The concatenation can z. B. be extended by the conclusion of chemical bonds, such as in a polymerization. In a chaining by the adhesive, a binding force between the links to be linked increases in a few seconds. A curing of the surface covering material begins. During curing, the bridge formed by the adhesive is loadable, in particular for a weight of at least one granular particle. Granules and adhesives, which begin to cure in conjunction with one another, are dimensionally stable even before complete curing against an effect of gravity. Within a limited time, z. B. in a period of less than 5 minutes, for example, by a tool, such as a spatula, the surface cover material in a modeled form be brought. After a sufficient time has elapsed, the adhesive cures through. It can also be used advantageously, in particular a first and a second adhesive, which cures after 15 minutes or, especially as the second applied adhesive, even after one hour, when z. B. after spraying still modeling, such as smoothing should be made. A device for applying a butt joint-free surface covering is preferably designed such that it is suitable for carrying out a method according to the invention.

The device allows working on building parts, in particular from a scaffold. The device comprises a granule storage container. In the granule storage container is a, preferably pre-dosed, amount of granules by a feeder or manually from portable granule packaging sizes of z. B. 30 kg can be filled by a worker. The granule reservoir is equipped with a fan, such as a radial fan, z. B. via a connection area, such as a pipe, a hose or a flange connected. The fan provides an airflow. The blower generates an air pressure that is higher than an ambient air pressure. The fan is used to accelerate granules, wherein the granules accelerated by the output side air flow, in other words taken, is. To convey granules, the granules from the granule storage container can be fed to a granular blower hose. A granulate blower hose is preferably designed so that an air flow is impeded as little as possible. In another aspect, a granular blast hose has a cross-section which, preferably at least four times, is greater than a maximum cross-section of a granule particle. As a result, congestion can be avoided. The granule blast hose may have support members, such as a series of rings or a spiral or fabric, along a hose extension which avoids undesirable disconnection of the hose. In other words, the hose preferably has a minimum radius of curvature that is greater than a hose diameter.

The device comprises an adhesive pump. The adhesive pump is a conveyor for adhesives, wherein the adhesive is preferably premixed, liquid. The adhesive pump is connected to an adhesive hose. The adhesive may, for. B. be present in an adhesive reservoir. The adhesive pump serves to provide the adhesive as evenly as possible. The adhesive pump brings the adhesive from the adhesive reservoir, preferably at an adjustable, constant pressure, into the adhesive tube.

Another component of the device is a nozzle. The nozzle is used to apply the granules and the adhesive. Through the granule blower hose granulate, in particular as insulation raw material, can be fed to the nozzle. The nozzle is arranged on the output side of the granulate blower hose. Preferably, an inner wall of the nozzle block is connected to an outer wall of the granulate blower hose or to an inner wall of the granulate blower hose, in particular steplessly, in order to maximize one to obtain low flow contact resistance for the granules.

The granules can escape from the granule reservoir, preferably slipping under the action of gravity on the granules or effected by a conveyor. To the granule reservoir a combing device is connected. The combing device is shaped in such a way that granulate particles which enter the combing device can be singulated. According to one aspect, during separation, a first granulate particle is stripped off a second granule particle. In another aspect, a granule particle is not compacted by the combing device. The combing device preserves a size of the granular particles, which in this more global or more general consideration of a possible, slight abrasion, for. B. less, individual fibers or individual surface areas, is to be seen. The combing device has a granulate-retaining effect. The combing device is disposed between the granule reservoir and a chute. It is also possible that granules from the granule storage container passes through a first chute to the combing device. The chute, in particular a second chute, is associated with a flow channel. At least one chute is used to transfer the granules into the flow channel, which can also be referred to as a delivery channel. The flow channel is connected to the fan. From the fan enters an air flow in the flow channel. The air stream absorbs the granules and carries the granules to the granule blast hose. Air and granules enter the granulate blower hose on the input side. Air and granules flow through the granule blower hose to the nozzle.

The nozzle is designed for the flow of granules and adhesive. In other words, the nozzle has at least two inputs, through which the granules and the adhesive can be supplied separately from each other. The adhesive passes after an exit from the nozzle in the same air flow, which starts from the fan, preferably a radial fan, and which transports the granules. Adhesive and granules reach at least over a part of the airborne air to a building, wherein the nozzle on the part of line holds no lateral current limit, d. h., He is laterally current limiting. Adhesion to the structure results in adhesion to the surface of granules and adhesives.

Other advantages of the device will become apparent, for example, from the following achievable with individual embodiments embodiments that can disclose inventive aspects independently. From the exemplary value specifications, advantageous, inventive developments can lead to larger values or even to smaller values to deviate.

An embodiment of a corresponding device allows for the spraying of the surface covering z. B. a working radius of about 300 m (meters) in a horizontal direction and about 15 m in a vertical direction. A nozzle is preferably so light, z. B. by a nozzle weight of less than 1 kg (kilograms), that also overhead, especially when spraying a blanket, can be worked. A delivery rate of the device, in particular of the granules should advantageously be infinitely adjustable, z. In a range of about 0.5 m ³ (cubic meters) / hour up to 6 m ³ / hour. It is also possible to design the device so that a capacity of 6 m ^{3 is achieved} in 15 minutes, so that a maximum capacity of 24 m ³ / hour would be given. The promotion of the liquid adhesive takes place z. B. with a pressure of 9 bar. For this purpose, a pneumatically operated pump can be used, which delivers a flow rate of up to 23.4 liters per minute, for example, at an operating pressure of up to 24 bar. Thus, the delivery rate of the adhesive can be quickly adapted to the respective needs. The device may be designed so that an electrical power consumption between 0.5 kW (kilowatts) and 6 kW, preferably less than 10 kW, so z. As a grid-independent operation, such as with an integrable in the device, diesel-powered power generator, is possible.

In the following, advantageous embodiments and developments are set forth, which in themselves, both individually and in combination, can also disclose inventive aspects. One possible material that can be used as the starting material for the flow of the surface-covering material is granules of flakes. The flakes can be formed from fibers. Fibers can z. B. be matted in flakes. The application or the spinning of the fibers was advantageously carried out over a large area, z. B. via nozzles. Fibers can be spun or drawn, with drawn fibers having better controlled geometry and better vibration resistance than spun fibers. Flakes can z. B. be formed in a pendulum method. Flakes can also be made by crushing spun material. Considering ecological aspects, the use of mat blank material or roll blank material which drops off in the production of insulating material in the form of mats or rolls is particularly favorable. The material is crushed into flakes. The crushing can z. B. by a Zerscheren, Zerrupfen or rupture vonstattengehen. By further comminution, such as a trituration or machine vine, the flakes become granules. For the Shredding offers a hammer mill or a Kieseritmaschine. The Kieserite machine is a separating machine with a sloping bundle sieve so that it can be granulated by turning it inside the sieve. In a selected process for granule production, the flakes and the granules should be compressed as little as possible. At least one surface area of the granules is wettable by an adhesive, whereby a covering area, such as an outer shell of a granular particle, can form.

The incoming into the granules fibers, especially mineral fibers, preferably have a fiber diameter greater than 3 μηι (microns). A fiber diameter of an animal wool fiber is typically between 15 μηι and 40 μηι. Particularly advantageous in terms of medicine are biosoluble fibers which are degradable with a half-life of less than 40 days after absorption into the human body. The carcinogenicity index of the starting fibers should exceed 40 if possible. A granule particle can be formed from a fibrous ball. By using the adhesive at least a part of the fibers is enclosed by an adhesive matrix.

The granules, in particular rockwool granules, preferably has a grain size between 6 mm and 8 mm. Graining can be understood as a synonym for the term particle size of the granulate from a point of view. The granules may be in the form of spheres having a mean particle diameter of 6 mm to 8 mm. A homogeneous, spherical-like form of granulate particles allows the formation of a uniform surface. By using a particle size that is as homogeneous as possible, only small gaps between the granulate particles result. The gaps are preferably smaller than twice the particle diameter. The actually used size (in relation to the diameter) of the granules, such as an average diameter of 4 mm or a mean diameter of 12 mm, has an influence on the density of an insulating layer to be produced. It can be applied a first insulating layer, which has a larger particle diameter, as a second, to be applied insulation layer. In other words, the second insulating layer can serve to form a particularly smooth closing surface or façade surface. The first insulating layer - again - can be configured for a rapid buildup of a desired layer thickness.

The granules are, for. B. in bags, storable for many years. However, the risk can not be excluded that the granules during storage slightly, z. B. compacted less than 10% of the granule volume. Individual granules can adhere to one another by entanglements or adhesions, it being found that lumps of granules may form during storage. To ensure even spreading of the To allow granules, it is advantageous if the granules are mechanically pretreated. For pretreatment, a combing device is particularly suitable. The combing device is designed so that the granules are not torn or cut. Preferably, tines of the combing device apply shear forces to clumped granules so that the lumps disintegrate. At least any lumps that may be present are broken up. The granulate particles can be detached from one another, and occasionally applied as a surface covering. It results in a more uniform surface coverage.

Granules can be made of wool. One possibility is to obtain flakes of rock wool, which in one form may also be referred to as granules. The method is particularly suitable for the use of well-tolerated, especially mineral, raw materials. In an early process step or in one of the first steps of rock wool production in the form of rock wool slabs or stone wool rolls, flakes can be produced first. For the production of minced, mineral material, eg. B. from a quarry, such as a mixture of diabase, especially dolerite, spilite or picprite and basalt used. It is also possible to use mixtures of all or some of the minerals spat, dolomite, basalt, diabase and anorthosite as starting materials. The rock wool production can also be made of recycled materials, at least as an admixture. The starting materials used are preferably mixed as mineral granules, which is composed of different proportions of the aforementioned starting materials. Melting of the granules is often done in a (dome) furnace using coke or mineral oil and fanblowing the burning mass to exceed the melting temperatures of the minerals. To produce the rock wool, the mineral melt is pressed or drawn through nozzles. Particularly well to use is mat blank material or role cutting material, which is previously recycled to the melting in the production process of rock wool. Preferably, material is used which has not been treated with phenolic resin for further processing, in particular for densification.

In an advantageous development, it is possible that the granules have various wool components. Usable types of wool are stone wool. Glass wool can also be used to make granules. Glass wool can z. B. ecologically produced from recycled glass. Other beneficial, usable wool are organic wool, such as cotton or animal wool, which is considered by many people to be pleasant, z. B. for interior designs, is felt. For the production of a suitable wool kept animals are z. Sheep, camels, llamas, alpacas or yaks, ie sheep wool, camel wool, llama wool, alpaca wool or yak wool. Animal wool is hardly inflammable. From a From a chemical point of view, animal wool can also be referred to as keratin fiber material. The wool of shears on the feet, neck, head or in the back, in particular of body parts where the quality of the wool for further use in the textile industry may not be sufficient, can at least serve as an admixture for a granulate to a favorable Wärmeleitfaktor or Dämmungsfaktor provide. A particular advantage of animal wool, such as sheep wool, is that it is antistatic. In other words, the wool counteracts electrostatic charging of the granules.

It is also possible, at least as an admixture, to use plant parts in a granulate. Preferably, fibrous plant parts with which a wool-like structure can be formed are used. In chemical terms, the usable vegetable fiber is a cellulose fiber material. Plant parts of cereal straw, hemp, flax or linen plants are possible ingredients for a granule. Also cork, z. As reusable cork or recyclable cork boards, can be used at least as an admixture for the production of granules.

Thanks to these various blends and blending options, granules can be provided which, exclusively or alternatively, have one or more of the previously listed materials such as rockwool, glass wool, animal or natural wool, or vegetable fiber like wool, in particular at least in Share as a recycled material, included.

A granulate may be pretreated with a chemical prior to use as a raw insulating material, in particular prior to spraying. A pretreatment with an adhesive is advantageous. The granules may, for. B. be crosslinked with a silicate binder in a particle range. It is particularly suitable for water glass, such as potassium water glass. Potassium silicate can be considered a natural material, which is therefore not covered by the Dangerous Substances Directive RL 67/548 / EEC. The addition of the silicate binder makes the granulate softer and smoother. A facade surface is easier to smooth.

The adhesive is preferably applied in droplet form. For a fine distribution of the adhesive is a distribution of the adhesive or nebulization, in which a mean drop diameter of less than 3 mm is given. An even better distribution results when the drops in a mist of adhesive have an average radius of between 0.005 mm and 0.5 mm. The drops are generated by spraying the adhesive. At least one nozzle, which may also be referred to as an adhesive nozzle, is provided, through which a liquid-pressure adhesive is sprayed. By Use of a larger number such. B. of four adhesive nozzles, which are preferably arranged evenly spaced from each other, can provide a particularly uniform distribution of adhesive drops on a granulate. In particular, a distribution of the adhesive in which the adhesive passes from all sides (in the sense of an enveloping adhesive stream) to the flow of the surface-covering material is positive. This results in a particularly uniform coverage of the surface covering material by adhesive. This improves the adhesion.

The granules are provided in a granular volume flow to form the surface covering material. A volume flow of granules or adhesive gem. a definition approach, an amount of granules or an amount of adhesive, each from a Granulatrohrende or from a nozzle in a given time unit, such as. B. in one second, exits. By adjusting, z. B. by regulators on a device for the order of a granular volume flow, a spray-on thickness of the surface covering material can be determined very accurately. The adhesive is provided in an adhesive volume flow for bonding the surface cover material. By specifying an adhesive volume flow adhesive can be dosed particularly sparingly. The granulate volume flow is preferably adjustable. It may be provided to regulate the adhesive volume flow. It is particularly favorable if the granulate volume flow can be regulated independently of the adhesive volume flow. An independent, separate regulation is advantageous for creating a surface covering at a corner of a building part. The nozzle is held in front of a surface to be covered. The granule outlet opening is located at a distance to the surface at which the surface covering material is to be applied. In a smaller distance in front of the granule outlet opening there is an overlap area. In regular operation, for which the device is preferably intended, the overlap area is closer to the granule outlet opening than the surface. The distance is preferably given as a straight-line axial path, starting from the granulate outlet opening. The Axialweg extends along a central axis. The central axis can be determined by an extension of the nozzle block. For this purpose, the granule outlet opening is considered. The granule outlet opening is transverse to the central axis. Approximately one center of the granule exit opening coincides with the central axis. In the overlap area, the granulate volume flow and the adhesive volume flow overlap. The granule outlet belongs to an injection device, the z. B. has a nozzle. In the spraying device, the adhesive and the granules are separated from each other. A supply of the granules and a supply of the adhesive is carried out in each case in a volume flow without mixing these two, for spraying Components. Adhesives and granules are held and guided separately until they exit the nozzle. The promotion of the adhesive and the promotion of the granules takes place without mixing. The granules are preferably used in a non-humidified state or discharged from the device. The granules are, in other words, not treated with water. A stream of granules is anhydrous. In this determination of the unhumidated state, an ambient humidity is negligible. The ambient air humidity is not considered in this analysis. The adhesive is applied for attachment to the granules. The adhesive may be an aqueous adhesive because after spraying, water dries out of the adhesive residue-free. Adhesive reaches the granules in an airspace. The airspace is located in front of the area to be covered. Thus, the adhesive is particularly evenly applied to the generally about different axes rotating granules. Adhesive also reaches areas of building parts that are (initially or initially) granulate-free. The adhesive forms by a pre-order a primer on which the granules adhere particularly well. The granules leave the injection unit with a flow velocity generated by an air flow. The adhesive leaves the injector at an adhesive flow rate. Preferably, the flow rates of the adhesive and the granules are adjusted to each other so that the adhesive passes faster to an uncovered place than the granules. By a favorably selected flow rate of the granules, the adhesion of sprayed granules can be improved on the surface to be covered. In particular, the flow rates can be adjusted so that the flow rate of the granules is lower, z. B. about 5% to about 10%, as the flow rate of the adhesive. Escaping granules and escaping adhesive are combined in an air space, which is preferably outside the nozzle block. In a region of the assembly in front of the nozzle, a volume element of the air space contains granulate particles and adhesive, in particular mist-like sprayed adhesive.

For ejecting granules and adhesive, a spraying device is used. The granules preferably exit at least from a first opening. The adhesive preferably exits from at least a single second opening. Depending on the design of the spraying device, it may be more favorable if there are a plurality of second openings, from each of which a part of the volume flow of the adhesive exits. The first and the second openings may be arranged on the same side of the spraying device, so that the granules and the adhesive are parallel to one another, in other words into an identical one Spatial direction, exit. After exiting an expansion takes place in a space region which is laterally larger than the respective opening. The granulate passes through a granule discharge tube and the adhesive passes through an adhesive tube of the spray device. The granules can usually be isolated particles, which often consist of a non-conductive material. For non-conductive particles may be on the surface z. B. set by friction of an electrically non-conductive wall separations of electrical charges. For separate electrical charges electrostatic effects are to be considered. In particular, Gleichpolige charges can repel each other. In other words, the granular particles which are more massive in comparison with adhesive droplets may carry electrostatic charges after being provided by a spray device. An electrical charge can be so great that adhesion of the adhesive or of the adhesive droplets to the granules is hindered by repulsion. In order to suppress such an adverse effect and to improve the adhesion, the spray device is preferably subjected to a same electric potential for the granule ejection tube and for the adhesive tube. It is also possible to provide an antipolar electrical potential to an inner surface of the granule discharge tube which, in use, comes into contact with granules and to an inner surface of the adhesive tube which, in use, comes into contact with adhesive. An inner surface faces a channel-like cavity inside a tube. By a gegenpoliges potential, it is possible to promote an electrostatic attraction between adhesive droplets and granule particles. In other words, adhesive bonding by the granules moving in a fog-applied adhesive can be electrostatically favorably affected. Electrostatic effects can also be exploited in such a way that a potential difference between the Granulatauswurfrohr and the surface to be covered is suppressed. A potential can be specified by means of an electrical supply line which is connected to an electrical voltage source. It is also possible to earth each of the building part and the common spray device, so that a match of the electrical potential is achieved. A worker holding the sprayer in his hands is protected by a grounding of the sprayer from a discharge of electrical charges of a frictional potential generated by the granulate from the sprayer over his body.

Before processing, the granules should be stored dry in order to be able to exclude as far as possible the changing effects of moisture changes on the granules. The granules have a residual moisture that depends on the ambient humidity of the air, especially when a seal of a packaging unit of the granules has been broken. By storing in a heated container, the moisture of the Raw insulating material Regulate granules. Due to the separate storage of granules and adhesive there is no risk of sticking of the granules. However, moisture can cause clumping of granules. As favorable for processing has been found when the granules is set as a bulk material. The bulk material can be adjusted to maintain its flowability even at a relative atmospheric humidity of up to 98% (the humidity is based on a maximum possible water vapor content of the air at a given temperature and a present air pressure). The granules are exposed to a stream of air. The airflow may be formed from compressed air that relaxes to atmospheric air pressure. Pressure reduction is directed through a pipe or hose. Particularly favorable is a spiral tube having a sufficient for a laying, in particular a nozzle block from a first location to a second location, preferably from a first height to a second level, elasticity. The air flow is adjusted so much that a force applied to the granules by the air flow is greater than a gravitational force of the granules. Such a setting causes the air flow to levitate the granules. The spreading air takes up the granules and drives it through the spiral tube. The compressed air source, z. B. a fan, stands on a reference plane. The granules are transported by the air flow to an altitude that can also be referred to as the spray height. It is possible to achieve a desired spray height of two meters (and even more than two meters) through the air from a blower.

As an adhesive is z. B. a liquid adhesive. The liquid adhesive may have several components. A first component of the liquid adhesive is an adhesive. A second component of the liquid adhesive may be water. Among other things, the water can serve to improve a flowability of the adhesive. As an adhesive is z. B. water glass. Adhesives may also be prepared based on methacrylic acid esters with an admixture of styrene. It is possible to mix two or more adhesives. A mixing of adhesives is z. This is done, for example, when a durability of the surface covering is to be produced under different climatic conditions (for example, wet-cold winters and dry-summer months). A mixed Steinwollengranulat liquid adhesive mixture, which is splashed, lands on the building to be insulated or its wall. The adhesive provides for immediate attachment, especially of the granules.

The effect of the adhesive can be further improved if a binder is added. A binder may, for. B. can be used to influence the curing of the adhesive low. A binder may also be used to promote the adhesion of an adhesive. A suitable binder is milk. Cow's milk, which can be added to the adhesive, is particularly well available. The effect of the adhesive can be further improved if a hydrophobing agent is added. As a hydrophobing agent is an oil, preferably a vegetable oil. Suitable for. B. health-safe vegetable oils. A hydrophobing agent has a favorable effect on the drying of a surface-covering material. A hydrophobing oil can self-dry. Linseed oil has proven to be a preferred hydrophobing agent in tests. It is also possible to use rapeseed oil or castor oil. The hydrophobing agent helps to avoid possible clogging of nozzles. Adhesive additives may also be one or more of the following: wallpaper glue, carboxymethyl cellulose, construction gypsum, clay dust or raw coal digest. The listed materials can have a favorable effect on sliding and / or binding properties in the production of a surface-covering material. When applying an insulating layer to a facade, it is desirable for homeowners and the tradesmen, in particular the workers, among other things, for reasons of labor savings, together with the surface covering of structural parts to make a color design of the surface. The adhesive may be mixed with color pigments without adversely affecting adhesion. As a possible coloring agent for the adhesive, an emulsion paint may serve. A submicrometer pigment particulate admixture is one possible colorant. White pigment color may, for. B. are formed by the addition of titanium dioxide particles to the adhesive. In addition, titanium oxide or titanium dioxide protects the granules against UV irradiation, which in particular can be unfavorable for the durability of some organic materials or polymers. Particularly suitable are mineral pigments which do not adversely affect environmental compatibility and health compatibility.

For working on a construction site, it has proven to be particularly time-saving if the adhesive is already premixed. It is also possible to adapt the adhesive by means of a mixing device on site to the framework conditions found on the construction site, such as a surface consistency of a building part, desired thickness of the surface covering, desired coloring or desired surface structure. An example of a premixed adhesive is an adhesive that has been agglomerated in several mixing steps. The mixing steps can be carried out sequentially one after the other. An adhesive may, for. B. in a reservoir size of 30 liters, 50 liters or 100 liters are kept. To create a mass of an adhesive, which can also be referred to as an adhesive mass, can first Binder, which can be shortened also referred to as binder, are stirred with a relative to 100 wt .-% of the mass of the adhesive portion of 2 wt .-% to 5 wt .-% in water. In a second step, hydrophobizing agent in a proportion of between 2 wt .-% and 5 wt .-%, based on 100 wt .-% by weight of the adhesive, are first premixed with water. Preferably, binders and water repellents are each mixed in equal parts with water. In a third step, the binder and the hydrophobing agent are further mixed together with water, so that an adhesive mass of 100 wt .-% is formed. However, the adhesive composition may also contain a component of up to about 80% by weight of a liquid adhesive admixed in the third step. The liquid adhesive comprises a first adhesive, which is thus improved by mixing with a second adhesive, in particular with regard to the adhesive properties. In a fourth step, the previously generated adhesive mass is admixed to a maximum of the same mass of water, so that the adhesive receives a suitable consistency for the ejection. It is possible in one of the steps, eg. B. in the fourth step, the adhesive to mix a colorant.

The adhesive is preferably a liquid that can be delivered by a pump with a pressure. Particularly reliable is a pneumatically operated pump. The pneumatically operated pump operates in particular free of bubbles. In one embodiment, the pump z. B. continuously provide a pressure of at least 5 bar. The pump makes it possible to convey the adhesive to the same height as the granules. The pressurized adhesive is forced through an adhesive die. When the nozzle exits, the adhesive atomises. It forms an adhesive mist. By suitable choice of a nozzle arrangement and a suitably selected nozzle shape, the atomized adhesive can reach the granules. The adhesive is nebulized in the direction of the moving granules.

One embodiment of an adhesive is an adhesive mass of an aqueous solution of liquid water glass based on potassium carbonate, wherein in addition to about 100 1 of water about 34 kg of alkali-activated silicate binder is introduced as an additional binder. In a second step, 1, 5 kg of cow's milk as a binder, which is mixed with 1, 5 kg of water, and 1, 5 kg of water repellent, which is mixed with 1, 5 kg of water, stirred together. In a third step, 57 kg of the adhesive mass is mixed with the mixture of binder and water repellent. In a fourth step, from the obtained 63 kg by dilution with water 125 kg can be processed as an adhesive liquid.

A device for applying a butt joint surface covering works particularly reliable and safe when between the combing device and the Reservoir a passage opening is present. The passage opening serves to supply the granules of the combing device. It is possible to provide at the passage opening a slide which adjusts an opening size of the passage opening, for. B. to prevent clogging of the device. It is also possible to equip the passage opening with a safety closure. The safety closure is used z. B. to keep the passage opening only upon actuation of a safety switch on the nozzle, so in an operating condition, open. Thus, a risk of unintentional engagement in the combing device can be reduced. On the device, a conveyor shaft may be provided, at which preferably a plurality of blades is located. The conveyor shaft is preferably arranged in the reservoir, spaced from the passage opening. The blades have an angular position with respect to the conveyor shaft, which may also be referred to as a blade shaft on. By rotating the blade shaft, granules in the storage container are displaced from the blades to the passage opening. The granules fall through the opened passage. By means of an adjustable speed of the blade shaft, the combing device is controlled with granules fed.

The combing device is preferably formed from two combing shafts. The 2-shaft arrangement of the combing device preferably extends parallel to the blade shaft. The combing shafts and the blade shaft can be driven in particular in at least one direction of rotation by a common, preferably electrically supplied, drive device, in particular via a shiftable transmission. The first and second shafts of the combing device each carry a plurality of prongs. The tines may protrude radially from the respective shaft. The tines are distributed along a Kämmwellenachse. The tines on the first combing shaft are arranged with respect to the tines of the second combing shaft standing gap, so that jamming of the tines against each other is impossible. In other words, the tines grip gaps when rotating combing shafts. Tines on two shafts may be radially spaced apart. A tine spacing between a first tine on the first combing shaft and a second tine on the second combing shaft is at least as large as a granule particle diameter. Both the first combing shaft and the second combing shaft are rotatably mounted. The combing device is preferably stator-free, so that the granules are not crushed or cut. In an advantageous embodiment, the combing device is arranged above a chute. The slide is located above the flow channel. In other words, a chute is provided between the combing device and the flow channel. A slide is one Conveyor that works with the gravity of the granules. On top, the chute has a smooth sliding surface for granules. Due to the smoothness, the granules do not adhere to the sliding surface. An embodiment of the chute has a first and a second wing. The wings may be arranged so that granules located on the first wing of the chute are moved towards granules located on the second wing of the chute. Gravity causes the granules to fall off the chute.

A bottom of the slide can also be referred to as a flow channel side of the slide. On the underside there may be a formation, which forms part of the flow channel. The falling granules enter an air flow area, which is present in the air flow channel. The air flows along an air flow guide plate, which may be part of the chute, in particular a part of the first wing of the chute and / or a part of the second chute of the chute. The Luftströmungsleitplatte directs an air flow to an outlet opening from the flow channel. The Luftströmungsleitplatte may in particular form a constriction of the flow channel. An orifice located at the throat of the flow channel undergoes a negative pressure, as in a Venturi tube configuration, through the flow of air passing through the flow channel. The negative pressure can be the inclusion of granules particles in the air flow, which traverses the flow channel, favored. In other words, an airflow guide plate serves to bring together the airflow and a distribution of granules.

The slide is aligned with the flow channel. On the slide a passage gap is provided, which can also be referred to as a slide gap. A passage gap length, which is preferably tuned to a length of the combing shaft, defines an air exit surface on the chute. The passage gap has a gap width, which can also be referred to as the transverse direction of the passage gap. The passage gap allows in the transverse direction the passage of a single granule particle. Two pairs of granulate particles can pass through the gap because the chute aligns with the passage gap. The passage gap preferably extends along the combing device, so that preferably there is no pocket in which granules could settle. Granulate particles can only occasionally, based on the transverse direction of the passage gap, enter the air flow. In other words, granulate particles are introduced into the air stream, with singulation taking place. Granule particles which adhere slightly to one another are torn apart at the passage gap by the interaction of granules pushed through the combing device and the flow of air through the flow channel. A grounding line can be connected to the nozzle. The grounding line establishes an electrical contact. At least in part, granules that fly through the nozzle can rub against an inner surface of the nozzle stock, as long as the granule-blower tube should be equipped for a lighter, smaller diameter guide. The granular particle stream can cause a separation of electrical charges into positive charges and negative charges. A respective charge surplus present on the nozzle can flow off via the electrical grounding line. It is also possible that charged granules particles touching the nozzle can be discharged. This avoids unfavorable charge conditions, which could preclude a combination of granules and adhesive on the underlying plane of the structural part. Particularly favorable is an arrangement in which the grounding line extends along the blower hose. This facilitates drainage of surface charges of the granular blower hose.

By means of an incorporated in a hose wall over a total hose length spiral metal, z. As spring steel, or hard plastic, the tube is also stable to cross-section. The spiral of a so-called spiral tube may also comprise a preferably multi-wire electrical line, such as at least one voltage core and a grounding wire. It is possible to connect via electronic lines an electronic remote control on the nozzle with a control of the device. The grounding line preferably forms an electrical connection from the nozzle assembly to an outflow opening of the flow channel. It is particularly favorable for handling when the nozzle assembly has a granulate ejection tube which can be acted upon electrically with a potential and which is designed as an inner tube. The inner tube may be enclosed by a, preferably connected to a grounding line, handle tube of the nozzle block via an electrical insulation. A granular stream can, for. B. be controlled by an air flow. Flow control is a regulation of the air flow before the air flow enters the flow channel, so that a flow resistance for the granular flow is not increased. After entering the flow channel, a diverter valve may be provided. The diverter valve may be configured to divert a portion of the airflow from the fan to the environment. Another way to control the air flow is to provide a speed controller on the fan. With the speed controller, the fan is adjustable to a desired speed, z. B. to a lower speed in the range of less than 1, 000 rpm, if the air flow is to be weakened. It is possible to regulate the granulate flow by means of the combing device and in particular by means of a speed of the blade shaft, at least as a coarse adjustment. Preferably, a fan speed and a shaft rotation, in particular by a controller, matched to each other. By a motor drive of the combing device, a speed of the combing device can be predetermined. A rotation of at least one of the intended waves is also adjustable over time intervals. The combing device conveys granules, which is absorbed by the air flow. This makes it possible, for. B. in a constant air flow to realize a variable granular stream. This is particularly advantageous when the nozzle is moved by a Flächenpositionierroboter parallel to a surface to be covered. An increase in the air flow is advantageous if the granules have to overcome a greater height or a greater distance compared to a starting position of the nozzle block.

In a preferred embodiment, the adhesive flow is adjustable. Particularly advantageous is a control by which the granulate stream and the adhesive stream are adjustable. To regulate the adhesive flow, a manual control valve, which serves in particular as a shut-off valve, may be provided on the nozzle floor. Another way to regulate the adhesive flow provides control of a drive of the adhesive pump. If a compressed-air-operated adhesive pump is provided as part of the device, the delivery rate of the pump can be adjusted with the drive pressure of the pump. For this purpose, z. B. a pump drive air regulator. The pump drive air regulator can work with a compressor for compressed air. Controlled compressed air is supplied to the adhesive pump by a compressed air hose from the pump drive air regulator. The compressed air is preferably not applied to the adhesive to prevent reaction of the adhesive in the adhesive reservoir, e.g. B. by contamination, to avoid. The pump drive air pressure regulator can also be connected to a compressed air cylinder. The air cylinder serves as an energy source for the adhesive pump. The use of a pneumatic cylinder is favorable for energy-efficient operation of the adhesive pump. The compressor can charge the air cylinder in a region of greatest efficiency. The pump drive air pressure regulator works, preferably continuously, with an electronic control together, in particular for a compressed air control of a drive pressure supply of the adhesive pump from the air cylinder.

A granulate stream as well as an adhesive stream are often to be regulated on a building in a situation-related manner during the production of a surface covering. This allows a seamless surface covering to be created in a controlled manner. For this purpose, especially a remote control, which is arranged on the nozzle and with the z. B. control commands to the electrical control of the device can be given. The controller may also be referred to as a control unit comprising electronic and / or electrical components, such as relays. The remote control is part of the controller and can also be called remote control. The remote control can be operated by a worker. The remote control can work together with a sensor technology of a robot. By remote control is preferably a granular transport and the fan and the at least one pump for adhesive infinitely adjustable to z. B. to be applied to building corners a surface coverage very precise. The controller is used in an embodiment for supplying the device with electrical energy. Via the control, a coordinated interaction of the components of the device can be regulated. The device is movable on rollers. In particular, when using a self-sufficient energy supply, such as a power generator, an application of the device to various construction sites and structures is energy self-sufficient possible. The device works energy efficient. Ecologically compatible materials can be gently applied to buildings.

A controller is used to set a fan controller to a desired airflow. The air flow is adjusted so much that a force applied to the granules by the air flow is greater than a gravitational force of the granules. Such a setting causes the air flow to levitate the granules.

The described method is characterized by numerous advantages. It can easily be modified within the scope of the present invention. A device for applying the Dämmrohmaterials also shows advantages.

The surface covering is drivable immediately after spraying, in particular smoothed. A building part, such as a facade, by applying the method, for. B. in a renovation, is to be obtained, inter alia, characterized in that the trained, especially renovated, facade is seamless. It depends only on the discretion of the performer, whether joints are to be introduced anywhere in the facade. There are no air gaps in the z. B. birds can nest, unless cavities are, z. B. by balloons or balls, modeled in the surface covering, z. B. to provide habitats for cave breeders. Modelability of the surface covering also offers possibilities for aesthetically pleasing, in other words sculptural, ie artistic, designs on a building. The surface covering material is homogeneously applicable, so that a first surface area does not depend on a second area area of the surface Surface covering is different. The surface covering can be produced without a further topcoat layer and after curing long-term stability, z. B. stable for more than 30 years. Resistance to surface coverage can be further improved by having the surface covering material containing a coarse granular component and a finely granular component such as sand, wherein a mean diameter of the fine granular component is preferably less than about 30% of a mean diameter of the coarse granular component. The fine granular component may, inter alia, serve to increase the density of a surface covering.

The surface covering is frost resistant. Seasonal, climatic changes can not harm the surface covering. Depending on the choice of the surface covering material, z. B. rock wool, the surface covering is open to diffusion. Air circulation through the surface covering is possible, especially through the building parts. As a result, z. B. moisture from living rooms escape, so that sets a comfortable living environment. The air circulation reduces in particular a risk of mold growth. The raw materials used do not release any toxic or polluting substances from the surface covering to the environment. Substances such as phenolic resins, which can be hazardous in a fire, are completely avoided. As an example, only the possible formation of dioxin, whose harmful effect is known, called in a fire. It is possible to achieve a fire resistance better than fire protection class F60. An exemplary layer thickness of 12 cm in tests showed a resistance of more than 120 minutes, the temperature was 1400,, without damage had threatened a below the surface covering support structure, such as masonry or wood. In other words, a melting point of surface coverage may be higher than 1400 ^< C.

By way of example, some achievable material properties may be mentioned:

• a low density of about 100 kg / m ³ (kilograms per cubic meter).

• a low thermal conductivity of less than 0.1 W / mK (watts per millikelvin), eg. With a lambda value of 0.0405 W / mK,

• a low heat transfer coefficient of less than 0.8 W / m ² K (watts per square meter and Kelvin) at 10 cm layer thickness, eg. B. with a k value (also referred to as U value) of z. B. 0.41 W / m ² K at 10 cm insulation thickness,

• a diffusion permeability for water vapor of up to 83%; In other words, when air exchange through the surface covering, a relative humidity of 83% in the layer thickness of the surface covering is not exceeded, as well as

• a good water vapor permeability with a low Water vapor transmission resistance: For a finishing material comprising two pieces of rock wool granulate and one part sand, with a thickness of 1, 5 mm, measurements of a test laboratory gave a μ value of 8.0. For a concealed material comprising granulated rockwool and an alkaline silicate binder, 60 mm thick, measurements gave a μ value of 3.0. A combination of the two layers with a total thickness of 7.5 mm gave a μ value of 1 1, 8 to 12.5, depending on whether the less dense concealed layer or the comparatively slightly denser surface layer was facing the damp climate the building physics definition assumes that a larger μ-number indicates a denser building material.).

The device for applying the insulating material is preferably a modular system on which individual components are easily replaceable. Particularly favorable is a device which is dimensioned so that it can be transported by a commercial pickup truck. On a construction site, the device can be operated by one person to carry out the work necessary to apply the surface covering. The working efficiency can be further increased if, by the assistance of a second person, a loading of the granule storage container and a loading or replacement of the adhesive storage container takes place if necessary. Adhesives and insulation raw materials, in particular granules, can be stored separately until immediately before processing.

The previously described combinations and exemplary embodiments can also be considered in numerous other connections and combinations.

Brief Description

The present invention may be better understood by reference to the accompanying figures, which set forth by way of example particularly advantageous design possibilities without restricting the present invention thereto

1 shows an embodiment of a device for applying impact-joint-free surface coverings to structural parts,

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a device with a view of a nozzle block and Figure 3 shows an arrangement of nozzles on a nozzle.

figure description The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 of a device 2 for applying an impact-resistant surface covering comprises a granulate carriage 4 which stands with wheels, such as the wheel 6, on a reference plane 7. Granulate 92 is located in the granulate cart 4 in the interior of a granulate storage container 8, the bottom of which forms a trough 10. The trough 10 has a passage opening 1 1 for granules 92. In the granule storage tank 8, there extends a delivery shaft 12 to which a plurality of blades, such as the blade 14, are attached. The blades 14 are designed to push each other the granules 92, so that the granules 92 passes through the passage opening 1 1. Under the passage opening 1 1, the combing device 16 is arranged. The combing device 16 comprises a first combing shaft 17 and a second combing shaft 18 which are drivable together with the conveying shaft 12 by the drive unit 22 for rotation. The rotation preferably takes place in opposite directions and is directed in particular between the combing shafts 17, 18 downwards. On the combing shafts 17, 18 are tines, such as the tines 20, 20 ', attached, the stick-like projecting from the Kämmwellen 17, 18. The combing device 16 is located between the passage opening 1 1 and a chute 24. The chute 24 has a slide gap 25. In one aspect, the chute 24 is formed as a baffle 26 for airflow that promotes air flow 36 through the flow channel 28. The flow channel 28 comprises an inflow opening 27 and an outflow opening 29. The valve 34 is connected to the inflow opening 27 via a flange 33. The valve 34 is connected via a blower hose 32 with a radial blower 30. Via a fan controller 31, which is connected to an electrical controller 50, the radial fan 30 can be controlled. The control element 58 serves to turn on and off a power supply via a socket 51. Other controls (without reference numerals) are provided for individual control tasks. The controller 50 is also electrically connected to a pump drive compressed air regulator 42 located on a compressor 38. The compressor 38 serves, inter alia, to fill a pressure vessel 43 with compressed air when the pump drive air pressure regulator 42 detects a pressure of the pressure vessel 43 which is lower than a requested target pressure. The pressure vessel 43 supplies a supply pressure, which is controlled down to a desired value via the pump drive pressure air regulator 42 for driving the adhesive pump 44. From the adhesive pump 44, adhesive 94 may be fed from the adhesive reservoir 46 into the adhesive tube 48 as needed. The driving compressed air is supplied to the adhesive pump 44 from the pump driving air regulator 42 via the compressed air hose 40.

A coming out of the radial fan 30 air flow 36 receives granules 92 and carries the Granules 92 through the outlet opening or outflow opening 29 in a granular blast 35 a. The granulate 92 passes with the air flow 36 through the granular blast hose 35 to a spraying device 60, which can be referred to as Sprühstock 60 based on an aspect of handling. From the spray device 60, an air stream 36 'emerges together with a granular stream 37. The spray device 60 includes a spray head 62 into which a granule ejection tube 66 and four nozzles, such as the first nozzle 71, open for the adhesive 94. From the nozzle, which may thus also be referred to as an adhesive nozzle, exits an adhesive volume flow 95. The spraying device 60 can be brought to a desired spray height 49 which, depending on the structure (not shown), can be above the reference plane 7 (as shown) or below the reference plane 7 (not shown). The spray device 60 further comprises an adhesive tube 68, which opens into the spray head 62 for the adhesive supply of the nozzles, such as the first nozzle 71. At the spray device 60, a remote control 54 is arranged, which is connected via a control line 52 to the electrical control 50. The remote control 54 allows communication with the electrical controller 50 through signal transmission. A first switch 55 can be used to turn the device 2 off or on. An operating state of the device 2 is z. B. by a warning light 58 'and a warning light 58 displayed on the respective controls. A second controller 56 may be used to adjust the fan controller 31 to a desired airflow via the controller 50. A third regulator 57 may be used to adjust, via the controller 50, the pump drive air regulator 42 for delivery of the adhesive 94 to a desired adhesive flow. Thus, the granular stream 37 and a stream of the adhesive 94 supplied is precisely controllable by a worker (not shown) who operates the spraying device 60 in front of a surface of a building part to be coated.

FIG. 2 shows a spray device 160 connected to a device 102, which, as indicated by the recorded arrow cross of a spatial coordinate system, can be moved freely in space. In front of the spraying device 160 is a structural part 198 or a part of a building, such as a wall, which has joints, such as a joint 197, which extend through the structural part 198 to the surface 199. The surface 199 forms the underlying plane for successively bonded granules 192 and adhesive 194. The granules 192 and the adhesive 194 together form a surface covering material 196, which is schematically illustrated in a greatly simplified manner as a cutout area of surface covering by surface covering material 196. It can be assumed that a density of the granules 192 in a surface covering material 196 tends to be lower than shown in FIG. 2, because the granules 192 are often filled with a Diameter distribution is present. In addition, small gaps in the granule 192 resulting from immediate adhesion of the granules 192 may often be incomplete by way of a surface flow of granules 192. Gaps are filled but mostly by adhesive 194 at least partially.

A spray head 162 provided on the sprayer 160 is at a distance 189 in front of the surface cover material 196. Between the surface cover material 196 and the spray head 162 is an air space 191. Into the air space 191 protrude a first nozzle 171, a second nozzle 172, a third nozzle 173 and a fourth nozzle 174, each of which faces a granule tube end 167 with a nozzle angle, such as the nozzle angle 182. The granule tube end 167 of the granule ejection tube 166 is located at the spray head 162, from where the granule ejection tube 166 extends to the granule blower tube 135, through which the granules 192 are fed to the spray device 160. The nozzles 171, 172, 173, 174 are supplied with the adhesive 194 from an adhesive tube 168. To the adhesive tube 168, a manually operable adhesive valve 170 is connected. From the adhesive valve 170, an adhesive tube 168 'leads to an adhesive tube 148 through which the adhesive 194 is supplied. Connected to the adhesive tube 168, 168 'is a remote control 154, which has a first regulator 155, a second regulator 156 and a third regulator 157. The function of the regulators 155, 156, 157 is programmable, so that it is possible to transmit various control signals via the control line 152 to the device 102. Of the spiral tube 135 comprising a metallic spiral, a grounding line 153 leads as a connection line to a grounding terminal 164 located on the granule discharge tube 166. The nozzles 171, 172, 173, 174 each have a nozzle opening, such as the nozzle opening 176 on the first nozzle 171, on. From the nozzle opening 176 adhesive 194 is discharged under pressure, so that the adhesive mist-like spreads in an area which is schematically drawn as an adhesive spray cone 186. In the air space 191, there is an overlap area 190 in which an adhesive spray cone of the nozzles 171, 172, 173, 174, such as the adhesive spray cone 186, spatially overlap with a spray cone 188 of the granules 192. The spray cone 188 of the granules 192 indicates an angular range in which the granules 192 can be carried airborne, ie without movement of the spray device 160, to the surface 199 or to the surface covering material 196 which has already been applied. FIG. 3 shows a top view of a spray head 262 of a spray device 260. On the spray head 262, a first nozzle 271, a second nozzle 272, a third nozzle 273 and a fourth nozzle 274 are arranged, which are constructed similarly. The nozzles 271, 272, 273, 274 are arranged at the corners of an imaginary square to each other, wherein in the middle of the square, the Granulatauswurfrohr 266 opens. The granule ejection tube 266 is electrically insulated from the spray head 260, so that the granule ejection tube 266 can be acted upon by an electrical potential with respect to the spray head 260. As exemplified by the first nozzle 271, the nozzles 271, 272, 273, 274 have a nozzle opening 276 and at least one key edge, such as the key edge 281, which facilitates unscrewing a defective nozzle. The nozzle orifice 276 is embedded between a first spray shield 280 and a second spray shield 280 '. The spray shields 280, 280 'inhibit spreading of the adhesive (not shown). This z. For example, in the absence of airflow from the granule ejection tube 266, the granule ejection tube 266 gradually adheres by adhesive. At the nozzle opening 266, there is a spray baffle 278 which serves to create a cone-like distribution of adhesive mist (not shown) out of the nozzle opening 276. This makes it possible to inject the adhesive particularly evenly onto the granules (not shown) emerging from the granule discharge tube 266.

The design options shown in the individual figures can also be interconnected in any form.

List of Reference Numerals, 102 Device for applying, in particular spraying device

Granulate wagon, in particular as a rack wagon wheel, in particular lockable wheel

reference plane

Granulate reservoir

0 tub

1 passage opening

2 conveyor shaft

4 scoops

6 combing device

7 first combing shaft

8 second combing shaft

0, 20 'prongs

2 drive unit, in particular motor drive

4 slide

5 slide gap, in particular as a passage gap

6 baffle, in particular for air flow

7 inflow opening

8 flow channel

9 outflow opening

0 blower, in particular radial blower

1 fan controller

2 blower hose

3 flange

4 valve, in particular branch valve

5, 135 Granulatgebläseschlauch, in particular spiral tube 6, 36 'air flow or air flow

7 granulate stream

8 compressor

0 compressed air hose

2 pump drive air regulator

3 pressure vessels

4 adhesive pump

6 adhesive reservoir

8, 148 adhesive hose

9 spray height electrical control

Socket, especially power supply

, 152 control line

3 grounding line

, 154 remote control

, 155 first regulator, in particular switch

, 156 second controller

, 157 third controller

, 58 'control element, in particular in the form of indicator lights or with

Indicator lights

, 160, 260 spraying device, in particular nozzle

, 162, 262 spray head

4 electrical connection, in particular earthing

, 166, 266 Granule ejection tube

7 Granulatrohrende, in particular granule outlet opening

, 168, 168 'adhesive tube

0 adhesive valve

, 171, 271 first nozzle, in particular an adhesive nozzle

2, 272 second nozzle, in particular adhesive nozzle

3, 273 third nozzle, in particular adhesive nozzle

4, 274 fourth nozzle, in particular adhesive nozzle

6, 276 nozzle opening

8 spray baffle

0, 280 'spray screen

1 key edge

2 nozzle angles

6 adhesive spray cone

8 spray cone, in particular of the granules

9 distance, in particular straight axial path

0 overlap area

1 airspace

, 192 Granules, in particular in the form of granules

, 194 adhesives

Adhesive flow

6 Surface covering material, in particular surface covering

7 fugue

8 building part Surface, especially underlying plane

Claims

claims:

1 . Method for applying impact-resistant surface covering (196)

Building parts (198), such as on walls or roofs, by spaced spraying of a stream (37, 95) of a surface covering material (196) and an adhesive (94, 194),

in that the surface covering material (196) impinging on the structural part (198) on an underlying plane (199), created by the structural part (198) or by a, in particular earlier applied, layer, for. As an insulating material, adheres and hardens, characterized in that the formation of the insulating material granules (92, 192) of the

Surface-covering material (196) as an insulating raw material airborne, from the adhesive (94, 194) fogged impacted on a surface to be covered and under the action of the adhesive (94, 194) in an adhering manner adheres to the surface, and in particular begins to cure.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that

the granules (92, 192) of flakes by a crushing process, for. B. using a hammer mill or z. B. using a kieserite machine, is produced

the granules (92, 192) are a starting material for the stream (37) of the

Surface Covering Material (196).

3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the granules (92, 192) is present in an average particle size of 6 mm to 8 mm.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the granules (92, 192) with a combing device (16, 17, 18, 20, 20 '), in particular for singling of clumped granulate particles (92), is mechanically pretreated.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the granules (92, 192) wool, such as rock wool, glass wool, cotton, sheep, llama or alpaca wool, in particular of foot, neck or head shears, and /or Plant parts, such as straw, hemp, flax, linen or cork, at least as admixture includes.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the granules (92, 192) is wetted before spraying with an adhesive such as water glass.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive (94, 194) is provided as drops having an average diameter of less than 3 mm, preferably with a radius on average between 0.005 mm and 0.5 mm, wherein the adhesive (94, 194) is sprayed through at least one, preferably four, adhesive nozzles (71, 171, 172, 173, 174, 271, 272, 273, 274).

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a granular volume flow of the surface covering material (196) and a

Adhesive volume flow (95), which are preferably each separately regulated, at least at a distance from a granule outlet opening (167), which is smaller than a straight axial path (189) from the granule outlet opening (167) to the surface to be covered are brought to overlap, being replaced by a

Injection means (2, 102) the adhesive (94, 194) and the granules (92, 192) are provided and conveyed separately.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an adhesion of the adhesive (94, 194) to the, in particular unhumidified, granules (92, 192) in an air space (191) in front of the surface to be covered and on an uncovered surface wherein, preferably, a flow rate of the granules (92, 192) is less than an adhesive flow rate.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the granules (92, 192) and the adhesive (94, 194) by a common

Spraying device (60, 160, 260) having a granule ejection tube (66, 166, 266) and an adhesive tube (68, 168, 168 '), wherein the

Spray device (60, 160, 260) a same electrical potential or a

provides reverse polarity electrical potential to an interior surface of the granule ejection tube (66, 166, 266) and to an interior surface of the adhesive tube (68, 168, 168 ') whereby electrostatic adhesion of the granule (192) to the nebulizer is achieved in particular, the granule ejection tube (66, 166, 266) is assigned by electrical grounding (153, 164) to a same electrical potential as the surface to be covered.

1 1. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the granules (92, 192) in a dry state, in particular a

Ambient air humidity of less than 98% corresponds, by means of flowing

Compressed air (36, 36 ') levitated, preferably by a spiral tube (35, 135) through, is discharged to a height of at least two meters above a reference plane (7) promoted.

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive (94, 194) is a liquid adhesive, the water and at least one

Adhesive, such as potassium water glass and / or a methacrylic acid ester with a styrene admixture contains.

13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive (94, 194) is a binder, such as milk, in particular cow's milk, mixed.

14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive (94, 194) is a hydrophobing agent, such as oil, preferably vegetable oil, especially linseed oil, admixed.

15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive (94, 194) is admixed with a colorant.

16. The method according to claim 14 or claim 15, characterized in that

the adhesive (94, 194) is premixed in a mixing step, wherein a mass of an adhesive, preferably sequentially successive, each based on a mass of 100 wt .-%, binder with a proportion between 2 wt .-% and 5 wt .-% , Hydrophobizing agent in a proportion of between 2 wt .-% and 5 wt .-% and, in particular for dilution, water in a proportion of 40 wt .-% to

50 wt .-% is added, and in particular the liquid adhesive (94, 194) by a pneumatically operated pump (44) with a pressure of at least 5 bar for nebulization, in particular bubble-free continuously through an adhesive nozzle (71, 171, 172, 173 , 174, 271, 272, 273, 274), is pressed.

17. A device (2, 102) for applying an impact-resistant surface covering (196) to building parts (198), in particular by a method according to one of the preceding claims,

the device (2, 102) comprising a granule storage container (8),

a blower (30) connected to the granule reservoir (8) for

Conveying granules through a granular blower hose (35, 135),

an adhesive pump (44) connected to an adhesive hose (48, 148), wherein the

Adhesive pump (44) is provided for the promotion of adhesive from an adhesive reservoir (46),

and a nozzle (60, 160, 260), which is connected to the granular blast hose (35, 135) and the adhesive hose (48, 148), characterized in that the granules (92, 192) from the granule reservoir (8) by a

Combing device (16) for separating granulate particles (92, 192) of a chute (24) can be fed, and

the chute (24) is adapted to transfer the granule particles (92, 192) into an air stream (36) provided by the fan (30) in a flow channel (28), thereby to apply the granule particles (92, 192) and the adhesive (94, 194), merged in an air space (191), for surface coverage (196).

18. Device (2, 102) according to claim 17, characterized in that

between the combing device (16) and the reservoir (8) a, in particular adjustable, passage opening (1 1) is provided and through the passage opening (1 1) therethrough, preferably by means of a plurality attached to a blade shaft blades (14), the combing device ( 16) with granules (92) can be fed, wherein in particular the combing device (16) is a two-shaft arrangement with each radially projecting, gapping tines (20, 20 ').

19. Device (2, 102) according to claim 17 or claim 18,

characterized in that

the chute (24), in particular flow channel side, as a, preferably two-wing, Luftströmungsleitplatte (26) is formed, in particular a entrainment of granular particles (92, 192) on the principle of action of a Venturi tube favored.

20. Device (2, 102) according to one of claims 17 to 19,

characterized in that

the chute (24) has a passage gap (25) for granule particles (92, 192), through which an introduction of the particles separated in a transverse direction to the air flow (36)

Granule particles (92, 192) in the air stream (36) is allowed.

21. Device (2, 102) according to one of claims 17 to 20,

characterized in that

an electrical grounding line (153) is present on the nozzle (160) over which charge separations caused by a granular particle stream (37) which counteract the application are compensated, wherein the grounding line (153) preferably extends along the granule blower tube (35, 135). from an outflow opening (29) of the flow channel (28) to the nozzle (160) extends.

22. Device (2, 102) according to one of claims 17 to 21,

characterized in that

a granulate stream (37) through the air stream (36), in particular via a branching valve (34) connected upstream of the flow channel (28), and in particular via a motor drive (22) of the combing device (16),

and an adhesive stream, in particular via one, the adhesive pump (44)

associated pump drive air pressure regulator (42), preferably continuously,

in particular separately, are controllable.

23. Device (2, 102) according to one of claims 17 to 22,

characterized in that

the air flow (36, 36 ') via a controller (50) and a fan controller (31) is adjustable and / or

the air flow (36, 36 ') is set so high that a force applied to granules (92, 192) or the granulate stream by the air flow (36, 36') is greater than a gravitational force of the granules (92, 192), in particular in the granule stream (37).