EP3327201B1 - Contenant et son utilisation - Google Patents

Contenant et son utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3327201B1
EP3327201B1 EP17203481.1A EP17203481A EP3327201B1 EP 3327201 B1 EP3327201 B1 EP 3327201B1 EP 17203481 A EP17203481 A EP 17203481A EP 3327201 B1 EP3327201 B1 EP 3327201B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
geotextile
container according
container
coating
natural
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17203481.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3327201A1 (fr
Inventor
Franz TEKBAS
Heinz-Werner Paul
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ds Chemie Holding GmbH
Original Assignee
Ds Chemie Holding GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ds Chemie Holding GmbH filed Critical Ds Chemie Holding GmbH
Priority to PL17203481T priority Critical patent/PL3327201T3/pl
Publication of EP3327201A1 publication Critical patent/EP3327201A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3327201B1 publication Critical patent/EP3327201B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
    • E02B3/127—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips bags filled at the side
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
    • E02B3/106—Temporary dykes
    • E02B3/108—Temporary dykes with a filling, e.g. filled by water or sand

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a container and the use of the same.
  • geotextile containers have so far only been used to a limited extent in hydraulic engineering. This can be attributed in particular to the low surface roughness of the geosynthetic materials used in the prior art.
  • the use of geotextile containers goes hand in hand with the stacking of several containers, something to produce a supporting structure. Horizontal spreading forces occur here, which however cannot be adequately absorbed by the containers. The result is a system failure. As a result, the stackability of geotextile containers has been severely limited by the smooth surface of the containers. This leads to insufficient position stability, since the containers are not sufficiently connected to one another.
  • Prior art geotextile containers include a shell that is essentially made of synthetic polymers.
  • polyester fibers, polyacrylic fibers or polypropylene fibers are used to manufacture these containers. Due to the aging and damage-related detachment of small plastic parts, large amounts of plastic can get into rivers and seas when using such materials in hydraulic engineering. This leads to significant environmental problems.
  • US6524670 B discloses a container with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide geotextile containers which overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular have improved stackability and contribute to avoiding environmental problems.
  • a container with the features of claim 1, in particular comprising: a) an envelope, essentially consisting of at least one geotextile; and b) a filling which is completely enclosed by the casing; wherein the geotextile consists of natural fibers, basalt fibers, glass fibers or mixtures thereof.
  • Containers in the sense of the invention are in particular multi-purpose elements which consist of a geotextile covering and a, preferably solid, filling. Their potential applications are almost unlimited with a suitable construction (shape / size, material and properties of the shell and filling, etc.).
  • the container can be adapted to the desired application by a suitable choice of shape and size of the container according to the invention.
  • the container can be in the form of a thin mat or sheet.
  • a mattress shape with a thickness of up to 80 cm can also be provided.
  • the container according to the invention can be used to protect against mechanical influences or erosion and for impermeable linings. It can also be provided according to the invention that the container is in the form of a horizontal hose.
  • the container according to the invention can be used as a storage container, as a barrier, for depositing sludge or as a dam or dike core.
  • a container that has a vertical tube shape can be used for soil improvement or as a vertical drain.
  • the container is generally in the form of a sack.
  • Such bags can be used for flood protection, for scour protection and repair or in embankment construction. Use in the form of gabions or in artificial reefs is also possible.
  • the wrapping of the container completely encloses the solid filling.
  • the covering can be achieved, for example, by sewing a single geotextile or sewing two different geotextiles together. It is preferably provided that the seams have at least 80% of the strength of the geotextile.
  • the wrapping of the container can also be produced by circular weaving in order to obtain a tubular structure.
  • the open ends of the hose can then preferably be closed by sewing, gluing or in any other suitable manner.
  • a geotextile is a flat or three-dimensional textile that can serve as a building material in the field of hydraulic engineering.
  • the geotextile can be in the form of a fabric, a nonwoven, a composite, or in other structures.
  • the term “essentially” is to be understood in the context according to the invention in such a way that the properties of the covering, in particular the surface quality, the permeability, the mechanical resilience etc. are shaped by the properties of the geotextile.
  • the covering can nonetheless comprise further elements, in particular the materials necessary for the above-mentioned sewing, gluing, etc.
  • any material that can be inserted into the covering and permanently enclosed in the covering is suitable as the filling.
  • the filling is a solid filling.
  • a solid filling is any filling that consists of a material that is in the solid state of aggregation, i.e., is not liquid or gaseous.
  • the filling can be in the form of a solid, a granulate, in the form of finely divided particles, etc. It is further preferred that the filling is designed in such a way that when the container is used in hydraulic engineering, it remains in the solid state and cannot leave the casing.
  • Natural fibers in the sense of the invention are all fibers that come from natural sources such as plants, animals or minerals.
  • natural fibers are to be differentiated from man-made fibers which are produced synthetically.
  • chemical fibers are in particular synthetic polymers, such as polyester, polyacrylic, polypropylene, etc. According to the invention, it can therefore preferably be provided that the container contains no chemical fibers, in particular no synthetic polymers.
  • the covering further comprises a coating which is arranged on at least one side of the geotextile.
  • a geotextile made of natural fibers, basalt fibers, the glass fibers or mixtures thereof is first provided for producing the covering.
  • the geotextile provided is then on one, preferably on both sides of the same provided with a coating.
  • the coating of the geotextile is carried out according to the invention by immersing the geotextile in a liquid coating solution and subsequent curing or drying, coating the geotextile with a liquid coating composition and subsequent curing (or drying) and so on.
  • the coating on the geotextile means that premature wear of the covering, for example due to abrasion, during use of the container can be reduced or avoided entirely.
  • the geotextile is made from a coated yarn, the yarn consisting of the natural fibers, the basalt fibers, the glass fibers or mixtures thereof, and the coated yarn being essentially completely enclosed by a coating.
  • the coating is not applied until after the geotextile has been produced. Rather, a yarn is first produced from the natural fibers, basalt fibers, glass fibers or mixtures thereof. This yarn is then coated. According to the invention, this coating is produced by immersing the yarn in a liquid coating composition, followed by curing or drying the coating composition. It is provided here that the yarn is essentially completely enclosed by the coating. Essentially completely in this context means that the coating is, as far as technically possible, fully developed and there are only open spaces in the coating to an extent that cannot be prevented by conventional technical means. In the following, the geotextile is then produced from the coated yarn, which therefore consists of the yarn consisting of natural fibers, basalt fibers, glass fibers or coatings thereof, and the coating itself. By coating the yarn itself before the geotextile is manufactured, particularly efficient wear protection can be achieved.
  • the coating comprises a natural material selected from wollastonite or natural rubber, preferably natural rubber.
  • natural materials are materials that come from natural sources such as plants, animals or minerals.
  • synthetic materials are materials that come from natural sources such as plants, animals or minerals.
  • the solution provided according to the invention in particular the fact that in the container according to the invention, can be used both to produce the geotextile and make a significant contribution to the production of the same, only and exclusively natural materials are used.
  • Natural rubber is obtained from the latex (milk juice) of some tropical and non-tropical plants.
  • the most important rubber-producing plant is the rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis ) grown in plantations.
  • the average composition of the latex obtained from the rubber tree is 50 to 75% water, 25 to 40% rubber dry matter, 1.5 to 2% protein, 1.5 to 2% resins, 1.5% carbohydrates and small amounts of fatty acids .
  • the rubber parts are distributed in the latex in the form of very fine droplets.
  • the natural rubber types are chemically polyisoprene of almost 100% cis -1.4 configuration ( Fig.1a ), while the resinous natural products gutta-percha and balata trans configuration, which are close to natural rubber, show ( Fig.1b ).
  • the relative molecular mass of the mechanically unprocessed natural rubber is not uniform and is between 500,000 and 1,000,000.
  • the isoprene molecules of natural rubber are linked together in chain-shaped balls.
  • the chain-shaped macromolecules are stretched by stretching and thereby aligned in parallel. Due to the vulcanization, which is the incorporation of sulfur into the existing double bonds with the formation of sulfur bridges between the chains, the mobility of the chain is reduced by intermolecular bridge formation, so that deformation now requires more force, is limited and is reversible after the force has ceased .
  • Natural rubber is sensitive to oxidizing agents. When it cools down for a long time, natural rubber loses its elastic properties through partial crystallization. Natural rubber has a density of 0.934 g cm -3 (at 20 ° C) and an elongation at break of 800 to 1000%. Uncured rubber is soluble in gasoline, chlorinated hydrocarbons and oils. Vulcanized natural rubber does not attack these solvents, they only cause swelling. In addition to high elasticity, vulcanized natural rubber has great mechanical resistance and high tensile strength.
  • the coating has a layer thickness in a range from 2 ⁇ m to 3,000 ⁇ m. In this layer thickness range efficient wear protection could be achieved without impairing the flexibility of the geotextile or the yarn used to manufacture the geotextile.
  • the diameter of the yarn (or filament) can be in a range from 9 to 48 ⁇ m. However, other diameters are not excluded according to the invention.
  • the natural fibers are resistant to sea water.
  • seawater-resistant should be understood to mean that a seawater-resistant material (usually a seawater-resistant natural fiber) is not attacked by seawater or only to a small extent. This should apply even in the case of permanent exposure to sea water.
  • the seawater resistance can be quantified according to the DIN standards DIN53739 or DIN53521.
  • the materials according to the invention are used instead of the materials specified in the DIN standards.
  • the other test conditions specified in the DIN standards remain the same. It is preferably provided that seawater resistance according to the invention is achieved if the goals specified in the DIN standards are met.
  • the natural fibers are coconut fibers.
  • coconut fibers By using coconut fibers to produce the geotextile, excellent interlocking of different containers according to the invention can be achieved. This results in a high positional stability of the containers.
  • the structure of the coconut fiber is like a tiny tube. It owes this to its specifically low weight, its constant elasticity, and especially its high sound and heat insulating effect.
  • Another very important advantage for the use of coconut fibers in a geotextile is its insensitivity to moisture - it does not rot even when it is wet -, its great abrasion resistance and high tear resistance. It is insensitive to moth feeding.
  • the container has a total weight of at least 100 kg. This preferred weight can prevent the container according to the invention from drifting. It is particularly preferably provided in this connection that the weight of the container is at least 1.5 tons.
  • the size and weight of the container according to the invention depend on the intended use, for example on the type of structure to be erected by means of the container.
  • the covering has a thickness of at least 4.5 mm and / or a weight per unit area of at least 500 g / m 2 . Due to the described preferred thickness of the covering and the preferred basis weight of the same, a particularly good robustness and filter stability of the container according to the invention can be achieved. In particular, robustness adapted to the hydrodynamic loads prevailing on coasts can be achieved.
  • Sand and / or concrete, particularly preferably sand, can preferably be provided as the filling according to the invention.
  • sand as a filling, a flexible, adaptable container can be obtained.
  • a density of the sand of 1.4 to 2.0 g / cm 3 has proven to be particularly preferred. Due to the preferred density of the sand, particularly good stability of the container structure can be achieved.
  • the covering has a tensile strength of at least 30 kN / m. Due to the preferred tensile strength, the geotextile forming the covering has sufficient strength / robustness to be suitable for machine transport.
  • the geotextile according to the invention is a UV-resistant material.
  • the geotextile is a nonwoven, woven fabric, scrim, knitted fabric, mesh or knitted fabric.
  • a fleece good stretchability and pliability can be achieved.
  • an elongation of 60 to 70% can be achieved. In this way, rapid moistening of the container in hydraulic engineering can be achieved.
  • the container has a capacity of 0.5 to 1 m 3 .
  • a corresponding capacity has proven to be particularly advantageous with regard to the tensile strength and robustness of the container.
  • the containers according to the invention can thus be installed, for example, by using round grippers.
  • the covering is a net and the filling consists of stones, the stones having a diameter that is larger than the openings of the net.
  • a container can be obtained, the surface properties of which are less characterized by the covering than by the properties of the filling.
  • the object is further achieved by using the containers according to the invention in hydraulic engineering and / or in coastal protection, in civil engineering, in particular in road construction, or as a filter.
  • Hydraulic engineering is understood to mean measures, technical interventions and structures in the area of groundwater, surface waters and the sea coasts, with use on the sea coasts being preferred.
  • Coastal protection here includes in particular flood protection.
  • the use of the containers according to the invention in flood protection, dyke construction, in the protection of waterways, scour protection, in the fixing of lines (cables, pipes, etc.), in the fixing of gas or power lines and in foundation protection can be provided according to the invention.
  • the containers according to the invention are in particular intended for use in separating, draining, filtering, reinforcing or protecting against corrosion.
  • the object is also achieved by using a container according to the invention as a filter.
  • the use according to the invention as a filter is based on a filter effect of the containers.
  • the container is brought into contact with a substrate, the substrate containing particles, the opening width O 90, w corresponding essentially to the average particle size d 50 of the substrate.
  • the preferred opening width of the geotextile has proven to be particularly advantageous for the hydrodynamic loads prevailing on the coasts and the typically occurring fine and medium sands.
  • the opening width is determined by sieving, the geotextile serving as a sieve.
  • O 90, W means that 90% of the pores are equal to or smaller than the average particle diameter d 50 of the particles which are contained in the substrate.
  • the filling of the container according to the invention should be matched to the permeability of the geotextile that forms the covering according to the invention. This increases in hydraulic engineering Stability of a container structure, the faster the water can drain from it.
  • the permeability of the covering is preferably at least 10 times higher than that of the filling of the container.
  • containers in the coastal area are subject to constant abrasion by sand and gravel particles.
  • the abrasion is caused by waves, current and wind loads and similar phenomena. It is preferred that the abrasion resistance of the geotextile after 80,000 revolutions in a water / gravel mixture is such that the geotextile has a remaining tensile strength of at least 75%.
  • the container has a high elongation at break and puncture resistance to driftwood and boat impacts. Protection against vandalism (e.g. knife stabs) should also be ensured. Resistance to drift ice should also be ensured, especially in the case of planned use in colder regions.
  • the yarns 7 obtained in this way were either used directly to produce a geotextile or, in another exemplary embodiment, previously provided with a coating made of natural rubber.
  • a corresponding manufacturing process is in the Fig. 2 shown schematically.
  • the spin cake 7 is transferred to a coated spin cake by applying a coating of natural rubber and then curing.
  • the coated spin cake was placed on a reel stand and optionally wetted with an additional coating of natural rubber in the coating line. Then drying in an infrared dryer was carried out continuously.
  • a geotextile was then first produced from the dried individual coated filaments, which was then transferred into a covering in accordance with the desired container shape.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Conteneur composé des éléments suivants :
    a) un coffret composé essentiellement d'au moins un géotextile et
    b) une aire de remplissage qui est entièrement implantée dans le coffret
    et le géotextile se compose de fibres naturelles, de fibres de basalte, de fibres de verre ou des mélanges de ces mêmes éléments, se caractérisant par le fait que :
    ce coffret comporte en outre un revêtement qui se compose de l'un des matériaux suivants : wollastonite ou caoutchouc naturel (le caoutchouc naturel étant le choix préféré) qui vient s'appliquer sur au moins un côté du géotextile, et ce revêtement s'obtient en plongeant le géotextile dans une solution liquide d'enduction puis en durcissant ou séchant le géotextile ou en le recouvrant d'un mélange liquide d'enduction et (ou) ce géotextile se compose d'un film enduit et ce fil s'obtient à partir de fibres naturelles, de fibres de basalte, de fibres d verre ou de mélanges de ces mêmes éléments et ce fil enduit est pratiquement entièrement revêtu d'un enduit à base de matériau naturel : wollastonite ou caoutchouc naturel (avec une préférence pour le caoutchouc naturel), et cet enduit s'obtient en plongeant ce fil dans un mélange liquide d'enduction puis en durcissant ou séchant ce mélange d'enduction.
  2. Le conteneur que décrit la revendication 1, si ce n'est que l'enduit a une épaisseur comprise entre 2 et 3 000 µm.
  3. Le conteneur que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, si ce n'est que la fibre naturelle résiste à l'eau de mer.
  4. Le conteneur que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, si ce n'est que les fibres naturelles sont des fibres de noix de coco.
  5. Le conteneur que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, si ce n'est que le conteneur a un poids total égal ou supérieur à 100 kg.
  6. Le conteneur que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, si ce n'est que le coffret a une épaisseur égale ou supérieure à 4,5 mm et (ou) une densité spécifique égale ou supérieure à 500 g/m2.
  7. Le conteneur que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, si ce n'est que le remplissage fait appel à du sable et (ou) du béton, avec une préférence pour le sable.
  8. Le conteneur que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, si ce n'est que le coffret a une résistance à la traction égale ou supérieure à 30 kN/m.
  9. Le conteneur que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, si ce n'est que le géotextile est un molleton, un matériau en feuille ou un matériau tissé, tricoté ou cousu.
  10. Le conteneur que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes, si ce n'est que le conteneur a une capacité de transport comprise entre 0,5 et 1 m3.
  11. Le conteneur que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 à 5 ou 10, si ce n'est que le coffret est un filet et que le remplissage est assuré par des pierres dont le diamètre est supérieur aux mailles du filet.
  12. Utilisation d'un conteneur que décrit l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes dans le secteur de l'ingénierie hydraulique et (ou) dans des protections côtières, des constructions souterraines et, en particulier, des ouvrages routiers ou en tant que matériau de remplissage.
EP17203481.1A 2016-11-25 2017-11-24 Contenant et son utilisation Active EP3327201B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL17203481T PL3327201T3 (pl) 2016-11-25 2017-11-24 Pojemnik i jego zastosowanie

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016122799 2016-11-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3327201A1 EP3327201A1 (fr) 2018-05-30
EP3327201B1 true EP3327201B1 (fr) 2020-04-08

Family

ID=60480178

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17203481.1A Active EP3327201B1 (fr) 2016-11-25 2017-11-24 Contenant et son utilisation

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3327201B1 (fr)
DK (1) DK3327201T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2817576T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL3327201T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL3757295T3 (pl) * 2019-06-26 2021-12-20 Arnold Jäger Holding GmbH Pojemnik i jego zastosowanie

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3412132B2 (ja) * 1999-08-06 2003-06-03 四戸 伸晋 土のう
EP1531981A1 (fr) * 2002-06-22 2005-05-25 ORTLIEB, Hartmut Tissu, maillage ou structure en matiere plastique et leur procede de production
WO2007007419A1 (fr) * 2005-07-11 2007-01-18 Kiyoshi Haraguchi Sac de sable utilisant un matériau en cyprès du japon
US20110297575A1 (en) * 2010-06-02 2011-12-08 Clarence A. Cassidy Water Barrier and Erosion Mitigation System
DE102013109216B4 (de) * 2013-08-26 2016-08-25 Markus Tutsch Kolkschutzmatte

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL3327201T3 (pl) 2020-11-16
EP3327201A1 (fr) 2018-05-30
DK3327201T3 (da) 2020-07-20
ES2817576T3 (es) 2021-04-07

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