EP3325682A1 - Ferritic cast iron having spheroidal graphite - Google Patents

Ferritic cast iron having spheroidal graphite

Info

Publication number
EP3325682A1
EP3325682A1 EP16750638.5A EP16750638A EP3325682A1 EP 3325682 A1 EP3325682 A1 EP 3325682A1 EP 16750638 A EP16750638 A EP 16750638A EP 3325682 A1 EP3325682 A1 EP 3325682A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cast iron
ferritic
spheroidal graphite
accompanying elements
iron
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16750638.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hauke MÜLLER
Lukas SCHLIMOK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eickhoff Giesserei GmbH
Original Assignee
Eickhoff Giesserei GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eickhoff Giesserei GmbH filed Critical Eickhoff Giesserei GmbH
Publication of EP3325682A1 publication Critical patent/EP3325682A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C21D5/04—Heat treatments of cast-iron of white cast-iron
    • C21D5/06—Malleabilising
    • C21D5/14—Graphitising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/006—Graphite

Abstract

The invention relates to ferritic cast iron having spheroidal graphite, which ferritic cast iron contains, in mass %: 3.4% to 3.8% carbon (C), 1.5% to 2.1% silicon (Si), at most 0.25% manganese (Mn), at most 0.05% sulfur (S), up to 0.6% common accompanying elements, the remainder iron (Fe). In order to achieve a notch impact work of at least 20 J at a temperature of -10°C in the case of such a ferritic cast iron having spheroidal graphite, the accompanying elements chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), and titanium (Ti), according to the invention, are limited to 0.05 mass % in total. In said cast iron, a graphite spheroid number less than or equal to 160/mm² is thereby achieved. The invention further relates to the use of such a cast iron for cold-sensitive components, in particular on ships or wind turbines.

Description

Ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kuaelaraohit  Ferritic cast iron with kuaelaraohite
Die Erfindung betrifft ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit, enthaltend in Masse%: The invention relates to ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron, contained in mass%:
3,4 bis 3,8 % Kohlenstoff (C)  3.4 to 3.8% carbon (C)
1 ,5 bis 2,1 % Silizium (Si)  1.5 to 2.1% silicon (Si)
maximal 0,25 % Mangan (Mn)  maximum 0.25% manganese (Mn)
maximal 0,05 % Schwefel (S)  maximum 0.05% sulfur (S)
maximal 0,6 % übliche Begleitelemente  maximum 0.6% usual accompanying elements
Rest Eisen (Fe)  Remainder iron (Fe)
Die am häufigsten in ferritischem Gusseisen vorkommenden Begleitelemente, die zumeist aus den verwendeten Einsatzstoffen (Schrott und/oder Roheisen und/oder Umlaufmaterial) stammen, sind beispielsweise Phosphor (P), Magnesium (Mg), Chrom (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Molybdän (Mo), Kupfer (Cu), Aluminium (AI), Titan (Ti), Vanadium (V), Niob (Nb), Zirkonium (Zr), Antimon (Sb), Zinn (Sn), Blei (Pb), Cer (Ce), Wismut (Bi), Tellur (Te) sowie weitere seltene Erden u. dergl.. Einige dieser Begleitelemente können, insbesondere soweit es sich um Karbidbildner handelt, das sich ausbildende Gefüge beeinträchtigen. Aus diesem Grund wird in der Regel der Gesamtgehalt an Begleitelementen beim handelsüblichen ferritischen Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit auf den oben angegebenen Wert begrenzt. Die für ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit einschlägige Norm DIN-EN 1535 überlässt die chemische Zusammensetzung im Einzelnen und damit auch den Gehalt an Begleitelementen dem Hersteller, solange die in der Norm zusammengestellten physikalischen Eigenschaften eingehalten werden. The most commonly occurring in ferritic cast iron accompanying elements, which mostly come from the starting materials used (scrap and / or pig iron and / or circulating material), for example, phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), Molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), aluminum (AI), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), zirconium (Zr), antimony (Sb), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), Cerium (Ce), bismuth (Bi), tellurium (Te) and other rare earths dergl. Some of these accompanying elements may, especially in so far as it concerns carbide, affect the forming structure. For this reason, the total content of accompanying elements in commercial ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron is generally limited to the value given above. The standard DIN-EN 1535 applicable to ferritic cast iron with spheroidal graphite leaves the chemical composition in detail and thus also the content of accompanying elements to the manufacturer, as long as the physical properties compiled in the standard are complied with.
Grundsätzlich ist ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit ein Eisenwerkstoff, der ein Gefüge mit eingelagertem kugelförmigem Graphit aufweist. Durch diese besondere Gefügestruktur ergeben sich vorteilhafte Eigenschaften, darunter insbesondere eine relativ hohe Zugfestigkeit von 320-400 N/mm2 bei einer Dehnung von 12 bis 22 % sowie eine hohe Kerbschlagarbeit von 10 bis 12J bei Temperaturen von -20° C bis -40° C (vergleiche z.B. GJS-400-18-LT oder GJS- 350-22-LT nach der Norm DIN-EN-1563:201 1 ). Dieser relativ preisgünstige und mit großer Prozesssicherheit herstellbare Werkstoff zeichnet sich außerdem durch seine hohe Verformbarkeit vor dem Versagen, durch einen großen Widerstand gegen Risse und durch ein großes Rissauffangvermögen aus. Aus diesem Grund ist dieser Werkstoff besonders für Anwendungsfälle geeignet, bei denen die Bauteile häufigen zyklischen Belastungskollektiven - auch bei niedriger Temperatur - ausgesetzt sind. Es gibt allerdings Einsatzfälle, bei denen die bisher erzielte Kerbschlagarbeit in Höhe von 12J bei -40° C nicht ausreicht. So verlangen zum Beispiel die Regeln für den Bau von Schiffen, die in arktischen Gewässern zum Einsatz kommen, oder für den Bau von Windkraftanlagen, die an extrem kalten Standorten arbeiten, eine Kerbschlagarbeit von mindestens 20J bei einer Temperatur von -10° C - gemessen an Charpy-Proben (V-Kerb) nach EN ISO 148-1 :2010. Eine derart hohe Schlagarbeit lässt sich bisher nur mit austenitischem Gusseisen erzielen, welches in erheblichem Umfange teure Legierungselemente wie zum Beispiel Nickel enthält. Es ist deshalb Aufgabe der Erfindung, prozesssicher ein ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, welches eine Kerbschlagarbeit von mindestens 20J bei einer Temperatur von -10° C aufweist. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe schlägt die Erfindung ausgehend von einem ferritischen Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit der eingangs genannten Art vor, dass die Begleitelemente Chrom, Vanadium, Niob und Titan in Summe auf 0,05 Masse% begrenzt sind. Es hat sich überraschenderweise anhand von gezielt angestellten Serienversuchen herausgestellt, dass diese vier Begleitelemente, die alle starke Karbidbildner sind, allein oder im Zusammenwirken einen außerordentlich großen Einfluss auf die erzielbare Kerbschlagarbeit bei niedrigen Temperaturen haben und dass man bei ferritischem Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit der eingangs genannten Art die prozesssicher erzielbare Kerbschlagarbeit auf mehr als 20J bei -10° C steigern kann, wenn man gezielt darauf hinwirkt, dass in der Schmelze die vier oben genannten Begleitelemente in Summe auf 0,05 Masse % beschränkt werden. Dies erfolgt zweckmäßig durch eine sorgfältig eingestellte und überwachte Gattierung, um bestimmte, solche Begleitelemente enthaltende Einsatzstoffe fernzuhalten bzw. so zu dosieren, dass der oben angegebene Höchstwert nicht überschritten wird. Bei Einhaltung dieser Regeln stellt sich dem so hergestellten ferritischen Gusseisen prozesssicher eine Graphitkugelzahl ein, die kleiner oder gleich 1 60 pro mm2 ist. Eine solche Herabsetzung der Graphitkugelzahl bekanntlich zu einer Erhöhung der Kerbschlagarbeit. Nachfolgend werden drei konkrete Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher erläutert: Beispiel 1 : Basically, ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron is an iron material that has a structure with interspersed spherical graphite. This special microstructure results in advantageous properties, in particular a relatively high tensile strength of 320-400 N / mm 2 at an elongation of 12 to 22% and a high impact energy of 10 to 12J at temperatures from -20 ° C to -40 ° C (compare eg GJS-400-18-LT or GJS-350-22-LT according to the standard DIN-EN-1563: 201 1). This relatively inexpensive material which can be produced with high process reliability is also distinguished by its high deformability before failure, by a high resistance to cracking and by a high crack absorption capacity. For this reason, this material is particularly suitable for applications in which the components of frequent cyclic load collectives - even at low temperature - are exposed. However, there are cases in which the impact energy of 12J at -40 ° C achieved so far is insufficient. For example, the rules for the construction of vessels operating in arctic waters or for the construction of wind turbines operating in extremely cold locations require a notch impact of at least 20J at a temperature of -10 ° C - measured Charpy samples (V-notch) according to EN ISO 148-1: 2010. Such a high impact work can be achieved so far only with austenitic cast iron, which contains to a considerable extent expensive alloying elements such as nickel. It is therefore an object of the invention to reliably provide a ferritic cast iron with nodular graphite of the type mentioned, which has a notched impact work of at least 20J at a temperature of -10 ° C. To solve this problem, the invention proposes, starting from a ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron of the type mentioned that the accompanying elements chromium, vanadium, niobium and titanium are limited to a total of 0.05 mass%. It has surprisingly been found on the basis of deliberately employed series experiments that these four accompanying elements, all of which are strong carbide formers, alone or in combination, have an extraordinarily great influence on the achievable impact energy at low temperatures and that in the case of ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron of the type mentioned at the outset The process-reliably achievable impact energy can be increased to more than 20J at -10 ° C, if one specifically aims that in the melt, the four above-mentioned accompanying elements are limited to a total of 0.05% by mass. This is expediently carried out by a carefully set and monitored classification in order to keep certain ingredients containing such accompanying elements away or to meter them so that the maximum value specified above is not exceeded. If these rules are adhered to, the graphite ball number that is less than or equal to 1 60 per mm 2 is reliably established for the ferritic cast iron thus produced. Such a reduction of the graphite ball number is known to increase the notch impact work. Below, three specific embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail: Example 1 :
Ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit mit folgender Zusammensetzung:  Nodular cast iron, ferritic, having the following composition:
Kohlenstoff (C) Carbon (C)
Silizium (Si) Silicon (Si)
Mangan (Mn) Manganese (Mn)
Schwefel (S) Sulfur (S)
Phosphor (P) Phosphorus (P)
Magnesium (Mg) Magnesium (Mg)
Nickel (Ni) Nickel (Ni)
Molybdän (Mo) Molybdenum (Mo)
Kupfer (Cu) Copper (Cu)
Aluminium (AI) Aluminum (AI)
Zirkonium (Zr) Zirconium (Zr)
Antimon (Sb) Antimony (Sb)
Zinn (Sn) Tin (Sn)
Blei (Pb) Lead (Pb)
Cer (Ce) Cerium (Ce)
Wismut (Bi) Bismuth (Bi)
Tellur (Te) Tellurium (Te)
Chrom (Cr) Chrome (Cr)
Titan (Ti) Titanium (Ti)
Vanadium (V) Vanadium (V)
Niob (Nb) Niobium (Nb)
Rest Eisen (Fe) Remainder iron (Fe)
Bei einer derartigen Zusammensetzung stellen sich in dem so hergestellten ferritischen Gusseisen eine Graphitkugelzahl von 1 60/mm2 und eine Kerbschlagarbeit von mehr als 20J bei einer Temperatur von -10° C ein. Beispiel 2: With such a composition, a graphite ball number of 1 60 / mm 2 and a notch impact work of more than 20 J at a temperature of -10 ° C. are established in the ferritic cast iron thus produced. Example 2:
Ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit mit folgender Zusammensetzung:  Nodular cast iron, ferritic, having the following composition:
Kohlenstoff (C) Carbon (C)
Silizium (Si) Silicon (Si)
Mangan (Mn) Manganese (Mn)
Schwefel (S) Sulfur (S)
Phosphor (P) Phosphorus (P)
Magnesium (Mg) Magnesium (Mg)
Nickel (Ni) Nickel (Ni)
Molybdän (Mo) Molybdenum (Mo)
Kupfer (Cu) Copper (Cu)
Aluminium (AI) Aluminum (AI)
Zirkonium (Zr) Zirconium (Zr)
Antimon (Sb) Antimony (Sb)
Zinn (Sn) Tin (Sn)
Blei (Pb) Lead (Pb)
Cer (Ce) Cerium (Ce)
Wismut (Bi) Bismuth (Bi)
Tellur (Te Tellurium (Te
Chrom (Cr) Chrome (Cr)
Titan (Ti) Titanium (Ti)
Vanadium (V) Vanadium (V)
Niob (Nb) Niobium (Nb)
Rest Eisen (Fe) Remainder iron (Fe)
Bei einer derartigen Zusammensetzung stellen sich in dem so hergestellten ferritischen Gusseisen eine Graphitkugelzahl von 130/mm2 und eine Kerbschlagarbeit von mehr als 20J bei einer Temperatur von -10° C ein. Beispiel 3: In such a composition, a graphite nodule number of 130 / mm 2 and a notch impact work of more than 20 J at a temperature of -10 ° C are established in the ferritic cast iron thus produced. Example 3:
Ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit mit folgender Zusammensetzung:  Nodular cast iron, ferritic, having the following composition:
Kohlenstoff (C) Carbon (C)
Silizium (Si) Silicon (Si)
Mangan (Mn) Manganese (Mn)
Schwefel (S) Sulfur (S)
Phosphor (P) Phosphorus (P)
Magnesium (Mg) Magnesium (Mg)
Nickel (Ni) Nickel (Ni)
Molybdän (Mo) Molybdenum (Mo)
Kupfer (Cu) Copper (Cu)
Aluminium (AI) Aluminum (AI)
Zirkonium (Zr) Zirconium (Zr)
Antimon (Sb) Antimony (Sb)
Zinn (Sn) Tin (Sn)
Blei (Pb) Lead (Pb)
Cer (Ce) Cerium (Ce)
Wismut (Bi) Bismuth (Bi)
Tellur (Te Tellurium (Te
Chrom (Cr) Chrome (Cr)
Titan (Ti) Titanium (Ti)
Vanadium (V) Vanadium (V)
Niob (Nb) Niobium (Nb)
Rest Eisen (Fe) Remainder iron (Fe)
Bei einer derartigen Zusammensetzung stellen sich in dem so hergestellten ferritischen Gusseisen eine Graphitkugelzahl von 1 10/mm2 und eine Kerbschlagarbeit von mehr als 20J bei einer Temperatur von -10° C ein. In such a composition, a graphite nodule number of 1 10 / mm 2 and a notch impact work of more than 20 J at a temperature of -10 ° C are established in the ferritic cast iron thus produced.

Claims

Patentansprüche  claims
1. Ferritisches Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit, enthaltend in Masse % 1. Ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron, contained in mass%
3.4 bis 3,8 % Kohlenstoff (C) 3.4 to 3.8% carbon (C)
1.5 bis 2,1 % Silizium (Si)  1.5 to 2.1% silicon (Si)
maximal 0,25 % Mangan (Mn)  maximum 0.25% manganese (Mn)
maximal 0,05 % Schwefel (S)  maximum 0.05% sulfur (S)
maximal 0,6 % übliche Begleitelemente  maximum 0.6% usual accompanying elements
Rest Eisen (Fe) d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, dass die Begleitelemente Chrom (Cr), Vanadium (V), Niob (Nb) und Titan (Ti) in Summe auf 0,05 Masse% begrenzt sind.  The remainder of iron (Fe) is the total amount of the accompanying elements chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb) and titanium (Ti) limited to 0.05% by mass.
2. Verwendung von ferritischem Gusseisen nach Patentanspruch 1 für kälteempfindliche Bauteile, insbesondere an Schiffen oder Windkraftanlagen. 2. Use of ferritic cast iron according to claim 1 for cold-sensitive components, in particular on ships or wind turbines.
EP16750638.5A 2015-07-22 2016-07-20 Ferritic cast iron having spheroidal graphite Withdrawn EP3325682A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015111915.3A DE102015111915A1 (en) 2015-07-22 2015-07-22 Ferritic cast iron with nodular graphite
PCT/EP2016/067271 WO2017013165A1 (en) 2015-07-22 2016-07-20 Ferritic cast iron having spheroidal graphite

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3325682A1 true EP3325682A1 (en) 2018-05-30

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Country Status (9)

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US (1) US20180209020A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3325682A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2018527470A (en)
KR (1) KR20180031703A (en)
CN (1) CN107949649A (en)
BR (1) BR112018001193A2 (en)
DE (1) DE102015111915A1 (en)
MX (1) MX2018000935A (en)
WO (1) WO2017013165A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108588545B (en) * 2018-03-19 2019-09-13 河北硕凯铸造有限公司 A kind of GGG70L spheroidal graphite cast-iron and preparation method thereof
CN110819885A (en) * 2019-12-17 2020-02-21 湘电风能有限公司 High-strength high-toughness low-temperature nodular cast iron for wind turbine generator
CN111560560A (en) * 2020-06-30 2020-08-21 河南中原吉凯恩气缸套有限公司 Method for centrifugally casting high-strength nodular cast iron cylinder sleeve
CN112410654A (en) * 2020-10-30 2021-02-26 江苏华龙铸铁型材有限公司 Columnar nodular cast iron material and vertical continuous casting process thereof

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Publication number Publication date
WO2017013165A1 (en) 2017-01-26
KR20180031703A (en) 2018-03-28
DE102015111915A1 (en) 2017-01-26
CN107949649A (en) 2018-04-20
BR112018001193A2 (en) 2018-09-11
JP2018527470A (en) 2018-09-20
MX2018000935A (en) 2018-09-27
US20180209020A1 (en) 2018-07-26

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