EP3322902A1 - Buse d'éjection et utilisation de la buse d'éjection - Google Patents

Buse d'éjection et utilisation de la buse d'éjection

Info

Publication number
EP3322902A1
EP3322902A1 EP16738777.8A EP16738777A EP3322902A1 EP 3322902 A1 EP3322902 A1 EP 3322902A1 EP 16738777 A EP16738777 A EP 16738777A EP 3322902 A1 EP3322902 A1 EP 3322902A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
insert
ejector nozzle
acting
channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16738777.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3322902B1 (fr
Inventor
Volker Zahn
Robert John BLANCHARD
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP3322902A1 publication Critical patent/EP3322902A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3322902B1 publication Critical patent/EP3322902B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C4/00—Flame traps allowing passage of gas but not of flame or explosion wave
    • A62C4/02—Flame traps allowing passage of gas but not of flame or explosion wave in gas-pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
    • B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
    • B01F23/2132—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/02—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid
    • F04F5/04—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being liquid displacing elastic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
    • F04F5/463—Arrangements of nozzles with provisions for mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F2025/93—Arrangements, nature or configuration of flow guiding elements
    • B01F2025/931—Flow guiding elements surrounding feed openings, e.g. jet nozzles

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an ejector nozzle with a liquid-carrying channel and a gas-carrying channel, wherein the gas-conducting channel opens upstream of an outlet opening into the liquid-conducting channel.
  • Ejector nozzles that is to say ejectors, jet nozzles and ejector jet nozzles, collectively referred to as ejector nozzles, are used, for example, in reactors in which reactions are carried out which require rapid mixing of gas and liquid.
  • Another field of application are loop reactors in which the internal circulation flow is also generated with the aid of the ejector nozzle.
  • ejector nozzles can be used in gas circulation reactors or gas-liquid absorbers.
  • liquid flow is usually generated in the liquid-conducting channel at high speed.
  • a negative pressure is formed at the mouth of the gas-carrying channel in the liquid-carrying channel and the gas is sucked. Due to the high speed, the flow is turbulent and there is a fast
  • the mixture of gas and liquid usually exits the ejector nozzle directly behind the mouth of the gas-conducting channel into the liquid-carrying channel through the outlet opening.
  • An ejector nozzle acting as a propulsion jet nozzle is described, for example, in DE-A 24 10 570 or in DE-A 24 21 407.
  • liquid is supplied in each case via a central channel and the gas via a channel enclosing the central channel. Due to the high speed of the liquid supplied in the region of the nozzle, the gas is entrained. It creates a turbulent flow, which leads to a rapid mixing.
  • DE-A 10 2006 002 802 describes a mixing and injection device which is designed as a two-chamber tube with a fuel-cooled, closed tip.
  • a mixing and injection device which is designed as a two-chamber tube with a fuel-cooled, closed tip.
  • microstructured surfaces are provided. Gas and liquid are mixed in an annular gap of the two-chamber tube and expelled through an annular opening.
  • a gas burner is known, in which downstream of the actual mixing nozzle is a permeable barrier, which causes a further mixing of fuel and air when flowing through. At the same time, the barrier prevents the flame front from bouncing back.
  • a flame arrester is provided, which is traversed by the gas / fuel mixture and is located upstream of an ignition source, with which the mixture is ignited.
  • Flame barriers are known in particular from burner units. In reactors in which ignitable mixtures are treated and which are provided with an ejector nozzle, it is generally attempted by procedural measures to prevent the propagation of a flame front. In contrast to burners, flame fronts usually do not form in reactors, for example jet loop reactors. The reaction takes place without flame formation.
  • the positioning of a flame arrester downstream of the actual nozzle as is the case with the burners, has the disadvantage that the additionally generated pressure loss greatly reduces the speed of the mixture and thus the actual radio frequency. tion of the ejector nozzle, namely to effect a rapid mixing with liquid contained in the reactor is adversely affected.
  • deflagration fronts and detonation fronts may vary and depends on different factors, such as pressure, momentum, structure of the environment. If the detonation front causes a greater damage than the deflagration front, the envelope of a deflagration in a detonation, for example, by using a flame trap can be selectively prevented.
  • an ejector nozzle with a liquid-conducting channel and a gas-conducting channel, wherein the gas-conducting channel opens upstream of an outlet opening into the liquid-conducting channel and wherein in the gas-carrying channel an acting as a flame arrester insert is positioned, wherein the insert is designed so that no Gas can flow around the insert.
  • the velocity of the medium emerging from the ejector nozzle which is determined in particular by the velocity of the liquid, is not significantly reduced.
  • the function of the jet nozzle is thus not significantly affected.
  • Reactors that can be equipped with an ejector nozzle according to the invention are all reactors in which a rapid mixing of gas and liquid is desired and in which a flow is to be generated.
  • Corresponding reactors are for example
  • Jet loop reactors or reactors in which a flow for mixing, which is generated with an ejector nozzle It is also possible to use tubular reactors which adjoin an ejector nozzle. However, the use of an ejector nozzle in a jet loop reactor is particularly preferred. Such a jet loop reactor is also referred to alternatively as a propulsion jet reactor.
  • the flames generally form in the gas phase and, accordingly, in particular in the gas phase, the flame front can spread, it is found that According to the use acting as a flame arrester insert in the gas-carrying channel.
  • the flames can form both in the supply line to the ejector nozzle and in the space in which the ejector nozzle opens.
  • By acting as flame arrestor insert in the gas-conducting channel a propagation of the flame front is effectively prevented in both directions.
  • Use acting as a flame arrester is suitable for any use that can prevent the passage of flames into the gas-conducting channel.
  • the insert acting as a flame arrester comprises at least one sintered layer.
  • Sintered metal layers or even sintered layers of materials that are sufficiently temperature-stable and in particular inert to the reactants used are suitable as the sintered layer.
  • the material used for the sintered layer must not have a catalytically active effect against the reactants used.
  • Suitable materials include sintered metals such as glass or ceramic.
  • Suitable nickel-base alloys are, for example, Monel®, Inconel® and Hastelloy®.
  • Sintered materials such as sintered glass or ceramics or sintered metals are porous due to their production, so that they are gas-permeable.
  • the gas supplied through the gas-carrying channel can thus flow through the insert acting as a flame barrier.
  • the construction with very small pores prevents a possible passage of flames.
  • cooling takes place in the insert acting as a flame counter to the direction of flow, which likewise causes a reduction of the flame formation, so that the flame front does not break through the insert acting as a flame arrester.
  • the insert acting as a flame barrier additionally comprises a support layer.
  • the support layer also reduces or prevents damage to the insert acting as a flame arrester by a possible detonation front.
  • the sintered layer is in this case on the support layer and is thereby additionally reinforced.
  • the support layer can be arranged in the flow direction of the gas in front of the sintered layer or behind the sintered layer.
  • two support layers may be provided, wherein a support layer in the flow direction of the gas before the sintered layer and a support layer in the flow direction of the gas behind the sintered layer is arranged.
  • the acting as a flame barrier insert in the flow direction of the gas through the As a flame arrestor insert comprises a first sintered layer, a support layer and a second sintered layer.
  • the support layer is preferably a metal layer in which openings are formed, which can be flowed through by the gas.
  • the openings are so large that the pressure loss is minimized by the support layer.
  • the openings are formed as a bore in the support layer.
  • the size of the openings should be chosen so that during operation the sintered metal of the sintered layer is not deformed and pressed into the holes, for example. The deformation of the sintered layer could otherwise result in blocking, which noticeably slows down or even completely blocks the gas flow.
  • the number of openings must be sufficiently large that the gas can flow through the support layer without appreciable loss of speed.
  • the same material is preferably used. However, it is also possible to manufacture sintered layer and supporting layer of different materials. Particularly preferred as the material for the support layer are metals such as stainless steel, titanium and nickel-based alloys. Unlike glass and ceramics, these are elastically deformable and therefore less susceptible to breakage.
  • the liquid-carrying channel is a central channel and the gas-carrying channel encloses the liquid-carrying channel.
  • the gas-carrying channel is the central channel, which is enclosed by the liquid-carrying channel.
  • the liquid-carrying channel is the central channel.
  • the gas-carrying channel may be formed as an annular gap and completely enclose the liquid-carrying channel.
  • a plurality of gas-carrying channels are provided, which enclose the liquid-conducting channel.
  • each gas-carrying channel forms a circular section, so that a plurality of adjacent gas-conducting channels surround the central channel.
  • the gas-carrying channels may have any cross-section in a design with multiple gas-carrying channels.
  • the gas-conducting channels are arranged annularly around the central channel. The distance between the gas-carrying channels can be equidistant. However, it is also possible that the distances between the gas-carrying channels are different.
  • the central axes of the channels it is preferable for the central axes of the channels to be located on a line which equidistantly surrounds the central channel and for the distance between the individual gas-carrying channels also to be equidistant.
  • a gaseous channel which encloses the central liquid-conducting channel annular.
  • liquid-carrying and several gas-carrying channels are also possible to provide several liquid-carrying and several gas-carrying channels.
  • the liquid-carrying channels are enclosed by the at least one gas-conducting channel.
  • the liquid-carrying channels may have any cross-sectional shape, preferably, the liquid-carrying channels are circular. In a preferred embodiment with a plurality of fluid-carrying channels, these are arranged uniformly around a center, wherein additionally a central channel can be provided, around which the remaining channels are arranged.
  • a swirl body is received in the liquid-carrying channel.
  • the swirl body imposes a rotational movement on the liquid flow, whereby the liquid jet is divided and the mixing with the gas is improved.
  • Suitable positions for the swirl body and suitable designs for the swirl body are described for example in EPES 2 066 430.
  • an impulse exchange pipe with or without side feed following the nozzle. Following the pulse exchange tube then usually a diffuser is arranged.
  • the gas / liquid mixture leaving the ejector nozzle enters the momentum exchange tube and sucks liquid from the reactor via the side feed.
  • the sucked liquid is mixed due to the high speed and the turbulence generated thereby with the gas / liquid mixture in the momentum exchange tube and the subsequent diffuser.
  • the mixture thus produced then enters the reactor from the diffuser. So that when forming a flame front and a propagation of the flame front no flames can pass against the flow direction of the gas in the gas-conducting channel, it is necessary that the entire gas flows through the flame-stop acting as insert. For this purpose, this is designed so that no gas can flow around the insert.
  • the insert acting as a flame arrester is cylindrical in shape and arranged parallel to the flow direction of the gas in the gas-carrying channel, so that the gas changes the direction of flow for flowing through the insert acting as a flame arrester. Due to the cylindrical design two annular gaps are formed. One between the inner wall of the gas-conducting channel and acting as a flame barrier insert and between the acting as a flame barrier insert and the outer wall of the gas-conducting channel. So that no gas can flow around the insert acting as a flame arrester, the annular gap, into which the gas flows after passing through the insert acting as a flame arrester, is closed off towards the gas-carrying channel.
  • annular wall in the gas-conducting channel on the side facing the gas inlet, which abuts with one side against the inner wall of the gas-conducting channel and with the other side on the insert acting as a flame barrier. Due to the annular wall, no gas can flow into the annular gap between the insert acting as a flame arrestor and the inner wall of the gas-conducting channel without flowing through the insert acting as a flame arrestor.
  • the annular wall is designed so that it rests against the outer wall of the gas-conducting channel and terminates internally with the use acting as a flame barrier insert.
  • the gas thereby flows from the inlet into the annular gap between the inner wall of the gas-conducting channel and acting as flame arrester insert, acting as a flame barrier insert in the annular gap between acting as a flame arrest insert and outer wall of the gas-conducting channel and from there to the outlet opening from the gas-conducting Channel in the fluid channel. So that no gas through the annular gap connected to the inlet for the gas at the as
  • Flame barrier acting insert can flow past the outlet opening of the gas into the liquid-conducting channel, the annular gap connected to the inlet for the gas is closed at the side facing the outlet opening of the flame-retardant insert acting side.
  • the annular gap pointing to the outlet opening is preferably designed such that a thermal or electrical ignition of the gas does not lead to an envelope from a deflagration toward a detonation in the region of the annular gap facing the outlet opening.
  • the ratio of the axial length of the annular gap to the radial gap width is derived from the detonation starting distance.
  • Ring gap to radial gap width is less than 40 to 1 and the ratio of circumferential length to radial gap width less than 80 to 1.
  • Suitable conditions for a pipeline are described, for example, in "Experimental determination of the static equivalent pressure of detonative decompositions of acetylene in long pipes and Chapman-Jouguet pressure ratio", Hans-Peter Schildberg, Conference: Proceedings of ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division, ASME / PVP Conference, July 20-24, 2014, Anaheim, California, USA. PVP2014-28197., Described. These can be used for estimation in an annular gap, wherein the ratios for an annular gap can be selected larger than for a pipeline.
  • the insert acting as a flame arrester is designed in the form of a disk and arranged perpendicular to the flow direction of the gas in the gas-carrying channel. The insert acting as a flame arrester rests with one side against the inner wall of the gas-conducting channel and with the other side against the outer wall of the gas-conducting channel. This avoids that gas can flow past the insert acting as a flame arrester.
  • the temperature rises when a flame front occurs in the ejector nozzle it is advantageous to detect the temperature in the ejector nozzle.
  • the temperature detection is carried out preferably in the gas space downstream of the flame arrester and before the mouth of the gas-conducting channel in the liquid-carrying channel, in particular in the flow direction immediately behind the flame arrester.
  • a change in temperature indicates that the process is not proceeding as planned.
  • a sudden increase in temperature indicates that the gas has started to burn and initially a standing flame has emerged. This can lead to charring of surfaces.
  • seals or materials, in particular the sintered metal can be damaged by a standing flame. By detecting the standing flame, it is possible to take early action to prevent damage.
  • thermocouples for example nickel-chromium / nickel thermocouples, iron / copper-nickel thermocouples or platinum-rhodium / platinum thermocouples, or even platinum measuring resistors.
  • an additive injection is provided in the region of the insert acting as a flame barrier.
  • the amount of adjuvant is adjusted to achieve wetting of the surfaces downstream of the flame arrestor liner.
  • the amount of the excipient is adjusted so that 20 to 100% of the surface, preferably 50 to 100% of the surface are wetted and in particular 80 to 100%.
  • the nozzles with which the adjuvant is injected are preferably designed so that the adjuvant is added in a conical spray cone or as a jet.
  • Suitable excipients are any liquid which is inert to the reactants used and supplied with the ejector nozzle.
  • Suitable auxiliaries are always dependent on the reactants added and may, for example, also include the products produced in the reaction.
  • white oils that is to say paraffin oils
  • suitable oils are polyolefin oils, ester oils or silicone oils. However, preferred are white oils.
  • Suitable auxiliaries are also described, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,948,945.
  • the gas-carrying channel contains a packing upstream of the insert acting as a flame barrier.
  • the packing should completely cover the insert acting as flame arrester.
  • the pack prevents the full force of the detonation front from impinging on the flame arrestor insert.
  • the requirements are reduced to the compressive strength of acting as a flame arrester insert.
  • a disordered packing is constructed, for example, of packing.
  • the pack is designed so that the lowest possible pressure drop is generated.
  • packing for a disordered packing are, for example, Pall® rings or Raschig® rings.
  • balls can be used as filler or a sintered material. The advantage of Pall® rings or Raschig® rings is the low pressure drop when flowing through the packing and its low density.
  • the material of the packing must be compatible with the material of the flame arrestor insert and the gas at the pressures and temperatures involved. It is preferred to use the same material as the material for the packing, which is also used for the sintered layer of the insert acting as a flame arrester. Preference is given in this case to metals which do not react with the gas and show no catalytic activity, since glass or ceramics are abraded due to the gas flow and vibrations generated by the compressor.
  • the ejector nozzle according to the invention is preferably used in an apparatus for contacting gas and liquid phase, wherein the gas phase is explosive.
  • the apparatus for contacting gas and liquid phase is preferably a jet loop reactor, a gas circulation reactor, a bubble column or a trickle bed in a stirred tank.
  • a gas / liquid Reaction is performed.
  • Another field of application of such an ejector nozzle are absorbers in which a rapid mixing is to be produced by the use of the nozzle.
  • a flow is generated in which the liquid contained in the reactor flows upwards on one side, is deflected at the phase boundary to a liquid boundary phase boundary or on the reactor cover and flows down again on the other side, so that a Flow loop arises.
  • a jet loop reactor is designed so that the liquid flows centrally up and down the edge, or up and down at the edge. This is achieved by appropriate position of the ejector nozzles. If the liquid is to flow centrally upwards, at least one ejector nozzle is arranged centrally in the lower region of the reactor so that the stream leaving the ejector nozzle is directed upwards.
  • a plurality of ejector nozzles in the upper area in a ring around the central area such that the stream leaving the ejector nozzle is directed downwards. If the liquid is to flow centrally downwards and upwards at the edge, either at least one ejector nozzle is arranged centrally in the upper region with the outlet opening facing downwards, or a plurality of ejector nozzles with an upwardly directed outlet opening in the lower region of the reactor. In order to support the loop flow, it is also advantageous to use a tube inside the reactor, which is flowed around by the liquid.
  • the ejector nozzle according to the invention can be used in all reactions in which at least one easily flammable or explosive gas is used.
  • Corresponding reactions are, for example, all reactions in which acetylene is used as the reaction partner.
  • These include, for example, ethynylations, such as the preparation of propargyl alcohol or butynediol, vinylations of n-butanol, cyclohexanol, ethylene, glycol, butanediol,
  • Imidazole diethylene glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, methyltriethylene glycol, pyrrolidone and the preparation of acetaldehyde, vinyl chlorides, vinyl acetates, vinyl ethers, vinyl phenyl ethers or vinyl sulfides, or carbonylations such as the production of acrylic acid or ethyl acrylate.
  • Other reactions in which the ejector nozzle according to the invention can be used are those in which ethylene oxide or ethene is used as the reactant.
  • ethylene glycols by reaction of ethylene oxide with water
  • ammonia by reaction of ethylene oxide with ethanolamines
  • alkylamines by reaction of ethylene oxide with alkylalkanolamines
  • (alkyl) phenol by reaction of ethylene oxide with alkylphenolpolyglycol ethers
  • alcohols Reaction of ethylene oxide with glycol ethers and of fatty alcohols by reaction of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers.
  • the ejector can also be used for alkoxylations.
  • the pressure of the gas and / or the liquid transported through the ejector nozzle is generally in the range of 0.1 to 100 bar (abs) and the temperature of the gas and / or liquid in the range of -50 to 300 ° C. Pressure and temperature depend on the process in which the ejector nozzle is used and also on the pressure and the temperature in the reactor.
  • Figure 1 shows an ejector nozzle with a cylindrical and arranged parallel to the flow direction of the gas acting as a flame arrester insert
  • Figure 2 an ejector nozzle with a designed in the form of a disk acting as a flame arrester insert
  • FIG. 3 shows a detail of an ejector nozzle with Hilfsscherindüsung and temperature sensor.
  • FIG. 1 shows an ejector nozzle with a cylindrical insert which acts as a flame arrester and is arranged parallel to the flow direction of the gas.
  • An ejector nozzle 1 comprises a liquid-carrying channel 3 and a gas-conducting channel 5.
  • the liquid-carrying channel 3 runs centrally in the ejector nozzle 1 and the gas-carrying channel 5 surrounds the liquid-carrying channel 3.
  • the central channel gas-conducting and the channel surrounding the central channel may be liquid-conducting.
  • provision may also be made for the central channel to be surrounded by a plurality of channels extending annularly around the central channel.
  • the embodiment shown here is preferred.
  • the gas-carrying channel 5 opens upstream of an outlet opening 7 in the liquid-conducting channel 3, wherein the liquid-carrying channel upstream of the mouth 9 of the gas-carrying channel has a diameter constriction 1 1. Due to the diameter constriction, the velocity of the liquid is increased before it emerges through the outlet opening 7 from the ejector nozzle 1. In this case, a negative pressure forms in the region of the mouth 9 of the gas-conducting channel and the gas is sucked in by the liquid. At the same time, the speed is so high that good mixing of gas and liquid is achieved. To improve the mixing, it is possible to connect to the mouth 9 a pulse exchange tube, not shown here.
  • the momentum exchange tube preferably has openings through which liquid surrounding the momentum exchange tube is drawn. This is mixed with the emerging from the mouth 9 mixture of gas and liquid. To the impulse exchange tube is then usually followed by a diffuser, in which the speed is reduced and pressure is built up.
  • the insert 13 which acts as a flame arrester, is of cylindrical design and is arranged parallel to the main flow direction of the gas in the gas-carrying channel 5.
  • the acting as a flame barrier insert 13 is positioned so that a first annular gap 15 between the outer wall 17 of the gas-conducting channel 5 and acting as a flame arrester insert 13 and a second annular gap 19 between the inner wall 21 of the gas-conducting channel 5 and acting as a flame arrester Insert 13 forms.
  • the second annular gap 19 is closed on the side facing away from the outlet opening 7 from the gas-carrying channel 5.
  • a disc 23 can be used, which rests with one side on the inner wall 21 of the gas-conducting channel 5 and with the other side of the acting as a flame barrier insert 13.
  • the gas flows through the gas-conducting channel into the first annular gap 15, from the first annular gap through the flame arrester insert 13 into the second annular gap 19 and from there to the mouth 9 of the gas-conducting channel 5 into the liquid-carrying channel 3.
  • the insert 13 acting as a flame arrester comprises a support layer 25, a first sintered layer 27 and a second sintered layer 29, the structure of the flame arrestor insert 13 being designed such that the gas first comprises the first sintered layer 27 , then the support layer 25 and then flows through the second sintered layer 29.
  • the sintered layers 27, 29 rest on the support layer 29 in each case.
  • FIG. 2 shows an ejector nozzle with an insert in the form of a disk acting as a flame arrester.
  • the insert 13 acting as a flame arrester is not cylindrically shaped and received parallel to the main flow direction of the gas in the gas-carrying channel but in the form of a disk.
  • the insert 13, which acts as a flame arrester bears against the inner wall 21 and the outer wall 17 of the gas-conducting channel.
  • the first sintered layer 27 is located on the streamed side and is perpendicular to Main flow direction of the gas aligned. Accordingly, the support layer 25 and the second sintered layer 29 are aligned perpendicular to the main flow direction of the gas in the gas-carrying channel 5.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section of an ejector nozzle with auxiliary injection and temperature sensor.
  • the insert 13 acting as a flame arrester is of cylindrical design as in FIG. 1 and is positioned parallel to the gas flow in the gas-carrying channel 5.
  • the support layer 25 is designed in the form of a ring with bores 35. Through the holes 35, the pressure loss in the support layer 25 is much smaller than the pressure loss in the sintered layers 27, 29, in which the gas must flow through the pores contained therein. In order to keep the total pressure loss as small as possible, it is therefore advantageous to make the sintered layers 27, 29 as thin as possible.
  • the supporting layer is necessary. Since sintered layers are generally brittle, there is the risk that a sintered layer without additional support layer breaks due to the pressure differences and mechanical stresses in the gas-conducting channel 5, in particular when forming a flame front or in particular when detonating the gas, and thus the effect as Flame arrest is no longer given.
  • a temperature sensor 31 for temperature measurement in the area of the insert 13 acting as a flame arrester, in order to detect, for example, the formation of a flame front, which may impair the function of the insert 13, it is possible to use a temperature sensor 31, as shown here.
  • a groove 33 are introduced, in which the temperature sensor 31 is received.
  • the attachment of the temperature sensor 31 in the groove can be done, for example, by gluing with an adhesive that is stable to the conditions prevailing in the gas-carrying channel 5 conditions, or by soldering.
  • the temperature sensor protrudes into the second annular space 19.
  • the risk of flame formation for example as a standing flame, can be further reduced or prevented by an additive injection.
  • auxiliary injection a phlegmatization of possible sources of ignition, for example of solid deposits.
  • the insert 13 acting as a flame arrester is fastened with a holder 37, wherein a channel 39 is formed in the holder 37, through which a liquid auxiliary, for example a white oil, polyolefinol or silicone oil, can be supplied. From the channel 39 branch off nozzles 41, through which the liquid excipient is injected into the second annular gap 19.
  • the nozzles 41 may be designed, for example in the form of holes in the holder 37. An injection of the liquid excipient in the first annular gap 15 or the gas-conducting channel 5 upstream of the flame arrester insert 13 is not desired because the liquid adjuvant would flow through the sintered layers only very slowly and thus accumulates in the first annular gap 15 and flooding it. This can lead to a malfunction of the ejector nozzle.
  • the insert 13 acting as a flame arrester is designed in the form of a disk, as is shown in FIG. 2, it is possible, for example, to attach a channel for supplying the excipient to the outside around the ejector nozzle and to downstream of the liquid excipient through bores in the outer wall of the gas-conducting channel 5 acting as a flame arrester insert 13, which are connected to the externally mounted channel for the supply of the excipient, to inject into the region downstream of the flame arrester acting as insert 13.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une buse d'éjection (1) présentant un canal de conduction de liquide (3) et un canal de conduction de gaz (5), le canal de conduction de gaz (5) débouchant dans le canal de conduction de liquide (3) en amont d'une ouverture de sortie (7). La buse d'éjection se caractérise en ce qu'un insert (13) agissant en tant que pare-flamme se trouve dans le canal de conduction de gaz (5), l'insert (13) étant conçu de sorte qu'aucun gaz ne peut contourner l'insert (13). L'invention concerne par ailleurs une utilisation de la buse d'éjection dans un réacteur à jet et à boucle de circulation.
EP16738777.8A 2015-07-15 2016-07-13 Buse d'éjection et utilisation de la buse d'éjection Active EP3322902B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15176871 2015-07-15
PCT/EP2016/066673 WO2017009384A1 (fr) 2015-07-15 2016-07-13 Buse d'éjection et utilisation de la buse d'éjection

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3322902A1 true EP3322902A1 (fr) 2018-05-23
EP3322902B1 EP3322902B1 (fr) 2019-06-12

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EP16738777.8A Active EP3322902B1 (fr) 2015-07-15 2016-07-13 Buse d'éjection et utilisation de la buse d'éjection

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US (1) US11400326B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3322902B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2018529061A (fr)
CN (1) CN107835903B (fr)
WO (1) WO2017009384A1 (fr)

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CN116571371B (zh) * 2023-07-06 2023-09-08 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 一种分布式二元喷管与传统环缝相结合的引射器装置

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN107835903A (zh) 2018-03-23
US11400326B2 (en) 2022-08-02
WO2017009384A1 (fr) 2017-01-19
US20180193680A1 (en) 2018-07-12
JP2018529061A (ja) 2018-10-04
EP3322902B1 (fr) 2019-06-12
CN107835903B (zh) 2020-10-13

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