EP3319898B1 - Tower crane - Google Patents

Tower crane Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3319898B1
EP3319898B1 EP16735995.9A EP16735995A EP3319898B1 EP 3319898 B1 EP3319898 B1 EP 3319898B1 EP 16735995 A EP16735995 A EP 16735995A EP 3319898 B1 EP3319898 B1 EP 3319898B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
counterweight
counter
counterweights
jib
tower crane
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EP16735995.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3319898A1 (en
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Thomas Herse
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Liebherr Werk Biberach GmbH
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Liebherr Werk Biberach GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/72—Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/16—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes with jibs supported by columns, e.g. towers having their lower end mounted for slewing movements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tower crane with a crane tower and a boom and counter boom mounted thereon.
  • the ballasting of the counter jib on tower cranes, especially revolving tower cranes, is well known.
  • the counterweights for a trolley jib are usually suspended vertically in an opening provided for this purpose.
  • the counterweights only carry their own weight and transfer this to the steel structure of the counter jib. In order to install the counterweights safely, they must be accessible from both sides.
  • the opening mentioned is formed, for example, by a rectangular recess in the steel construction of the counter boom.
  • the placement of the counter elements within this opening means that they are completely framed by the steel construction of the counter boom.
  • the disadvantage of the known construction with fixed ballast suspension points is the lack of flexibility in the installation of different ballast elements or an existing Limitations on the number of ballast elements that can be used. This makes it difficult to adjust the ballasting to the boom length.
  • the frame-like ballast support always leads to a constant counter jib length, which is defined by the steel construction itself. This limitation is particularly disadvantageous with short jib lengths, since a shortening of the counter jib would also be desirable here. Shorter jib lengths of the counter jib mean advantages when not in use "turning into the wind”. In addition, a short counter jib length would also be advantageous when transporting cranes, especially when transporting containers.
  • the JP-H11 165985 A discloses a counterweight which comprises a bracket with which it is mounted on another counterweight, wherein the counterweight is attached to the other counterweights and the vehicle frame by means of a tension connection.
  • the JP H03 18089 U shows a counterweight that can be supported by means of a bracket on a corresponding bearing point of the crane.
  • the counterweight also has connecting means in the form of a strap to create a tensile connection between the counterweight and the crane.
  • the present invention aims to provide a suitable solution for a flexible counter boom with configurable length.
  • a tower crane is proposed in which, among other things, the length of the counter jib is defined by the number of counterweights accommodated.
  • the counterweights are no longer suspended in an opening provided for this purpose, but at least one counterweight is attached to the free end of the counter jib. All other counterweights are preferably attached directly or indirectly to this first counterweight.
  • the resulting length of the ballasted counter jib is determined by the number of attached counterweights.
  • the boom used can be a trolley boom with counter boom.
  • Short boom lengths require a reduced number of counterweights, which means that the counter boom length can also be reduced.
  • a short counter boom length is particularly advantageous when "turning into the wind" when the crane is not in operation or in confined construction site conditions.
  • long boom lengths a long counter boom length is also achieved due to the large number of counterweights required, which is advantageous for the economic dimensioning of the slewing gear, as it results in a more even load on the slewing ring.
  • This flexible arrangement of the counterweights also opens up new possibilities in the design and dimensioning of the individual ballast elements themselves. For example, different ballast element sizes can be used in this context to achieve greater flexibility in adjusting the boom length. By designing individual counterweights in a certain way, the resulting wind area of the ballasted counter boom can be deliberately varied, and in particular enlarged.
  • only one counterweight is directly connected or can be connected to the steel structure of the counter boom. All other counterballast elements are mounted on this counterweight, preferably suspended from it. Accordingly, all other ballast elements are self-supporting, i.e. they are only connected to each other and not to the steel structure of the boom.
  • the first counterweight mounted directly on the steel structure therefore not only carries its own weight, but also the sum of the other counterweights.
  • the counterweights are stacked or suspended one behind the other in the counter boom direction, in particular they are suspended one behind the other in a vertical installation position.
  • the individual counterweights can be attached to one another or the first counterweight can be attached to the crane itself by means of at least one cantilevered bracket, in particular in the form of a lug, on the ballast element.
  • the bracket or lug protrudes from a surface of the counterweight that is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the boom in the direction of the counter boom and is used to support the counterweight on a suitable bearing point of the steel structure or a counterweight in front, preferably on a horizontal support surface.
  • the counterweights are placed from above on the front ballast element or the crane structure via this bracket or lug.
  • the tension protection is provided by a suitable connecting means, preferably by at least one tension strap or at least one rigid hook.
  • a corresponding fastening rod which runs transversely to the boom direction, in particular in the horizontal direction, serves as a counter element for the tension protection.
  • the bearing point of the counterweights is formed by a depression in the upper side of the elements, with the horizontal bottom surface of the depression serving as the bearing point in a particularly preferred manner.
  • the bracket(s) or lug(s) of the ballast element located behind it can be placed from above onto the bottom surface of the depression.
  • the recess extends through the entire top of the counterweight in the counter boom direction.
  • the recesses are aligned one behind the other, which advantageously creates a continuous channel on the top of the ballast elements.
  • This channel can ideally be used as a walkway, making the ballast elements easily accessible for assembly purposes.
  • the fastening rods for the tension connections can also be used as railings for the walkway.
  • the new design of the counter jib does not require fixed fixing points for most of the ballast elements and therefore offers more design freedom with regard to the shape and dimensioning of the counterweights.
  • the counterweights can all be identical or at least some of the counterweights can have different shapes.
  • Counterweights with variable thickness or strength offer greater flexibility when it comes to ballasting.
  • the variable shape can also influence the resulting wind attack area of the counter jib.
  • the wind attack area can be artificially increased by using very thick counterweights.
  • one or more counterweights can be at least partially enclosed with a steel frame.
  • the steel frame not only fulfills a load-bearing function, but also serves as protection during transport or assembly. It is also conceivable that the steel frame serves as permanent formwork during the manufacture of the counterweights.
  • the invention also relates to a single counterweight for ballasting a counter jib of a tower crane according to the present invention.
  • the counterweight comprises at least one cantilevered bracket, in particular in the form of at least one lug, in order to support the counterweight on a horizontal bearing point.
  • at least one connecting means is provided for establishing a tensile connection.
  • the connecting means is designed in the form of a lug or a rigid hook.
  • the counterweight can comprise a suitable counter element for receiving the lug or the rigid hook of an adjacent counterweight, preferably in the form of a fastening rod.
  • the counterweight has a bearing point for supporting the cantilevered brackets of an adjacent counterweight.
  • the bearing point is formed by a depression in the top of the ballast, whereby this depression preferably extends continuously on the surface through the counterweight in the assembly position in the direction of the boom.
  • the ballast element is equipped with a frame-like enclosure, which is preferably made of steel.
  • the frame construction can have a load-bearing function as well as a protective function against any transport or assembly damage. At the same time, this frame construction can also serve as permanent formwork when producing the counterweight.
  • the counterweight can also be designed without a lug if the other components, such as the hook, etc. are designed accordingly.
  • the inventive idea of the present application is that the counterweights (counterweights) for moment compensation of the tower crane are designed to be self-supporting for the maximum possible counterweight ballasting.
  • the number of ballasted counterweights 10, 11 allows the length of the counter jib 100 to be optimally adapted to the equipped boom length of the tower crane.
  • short boom lengths receive a short counter jib due to the small number of counterweights 10, 11 required, which is advantageous for the out-of-service state, especially with regard to the "turning into the wind" function, as well as in confined construction site conditions.
  • Long boom lengths have a long counter boom length due to the high number of counterweights required, which is advantageous for the economical dimensioning of the slewing gear.
  • the Figure 1 shows the counterweight 10, 11 according to the invention in a rear view. In this vertical installation position, it is mounted from behind to the steel structure or a front counterweight.
  • the first 10 and all other counterweights 11 are identical according to Figure 1
  • the counterweights 10, 11 have a hexagonal basic shape. Of course, the counterweights can also have any other basic shape within the scope of the invention.
  • Two lugs 30 and two pull tabs 20 are available as fastening means for mounting on the steel structure or a front counterweight 10, 11 (see Figure 2 ). In the vertical position of the elements 10, 11 shown, the two lugs 30 preferably protrude parallel to one another on the left and right sides in the upper third of the front. Similarly, two pull tabs 20 extend parallel to one another, each perpendicular to the base, to the front, with one pull tab 20 mounted on the right and left side near the upper edge. In addition, the pull tabs 20 are pivotally connected to the counterweight 10, 11.
  • each counterweight 10, 11 also includes a suitable bearing point so that the lugs 30 can be placed from above on the horizontal bearing surface.
  • This bearing surface is formed by a continuous recess 13 in the upper side 12, as is shown for example in Figure 1
  • the recess is continuous in the longitudinal direction, whereby the upper side 12 forms a rectangular channel running in the longitudinal direction of the boom, the horizontal bottom surface of which serves as a bearing point for receiving the lugs 30.
  • the lugs of the counterweight 11 located behind them are marked with the reference symbol 30'.
  • a fastening rod 21 runs along the upper edge of the recess 13, transverse to the direction of the boom. The pull tabs 20' of the adjacent counterweights 11 can be hooked onto this fastening rod 21.
  • a particular advantage of this arrangement is that there are no predetermined fixed points for the different counterweights 11 on the steel structure of the counter boom 100.
  • the counterweights 10, 11 have different basic shapes, but in particular differ in terms of their thickness, i.e. the thickness in the boom direction. This allows a particularly flexible configuration of the counterweight.
  • the rearmost counterweight 11 is particularly long in order to deliberately increase the resulting wind attack area of the counter boom 100.
  • the counterweights 10, 11 can also be used across crane types, since the fixed point to the steel structure 100 can be standardized.
  • the multiple use is advantageous for flexible use within rental pools and creates economies of scale in production.
  • a fixed horizontal safety hook 23 can also be used according to Figure 3 be used.
  • the counterweights 10, 11 can be designed with a supporting steel frame 14 that runs around the circumference of the counterweight 10, 11. Only the top 12 is left out.
  • the steel frame 14 not only fulfills a supporting function but also serves to protect against transport and assembly damage.
  • the steel frame can already serve as permanent formwork during the manufacture of the counterweights 10, 11.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Turmkran mit einem Kranturm und einem daran montierten Ausleger sowie Gegenausleger.The invention relates to a tower crane with a crane tower and a boom and counter boom mounted thereon.

Die Ballastierung des Gegenauslegers bei Turmkranen, insbesondere Turmdrehkranen, ist hinreichend bekannt. Üblicherweise werden die Gegengewichte für einen Laufkatzausleger in einer dafür vorgesehene Öffnung senkrecht eingehängt. Dabei tragen die Gegengewichte nur ihr Eigengewicht und leiten dies in die Stahlkonstruktion des Gegenauslegers ein. Zur sicheren Montage der Gegengewichte müssen diese von beiden Seiten zugänglich sein.The ballasting of the counter jib on tower cranes, especially revolving tower cranes, is well known. The counterweights for a trolley jib are usually suspended vertically in an opening provided for this purpose. The counterweights only carry their own weight and transfer this to the steel structure of the counter jib. In order to install the counterweights safely, they must be accessible from both sides.

Die angesprochene Öffnung wird beispielsweise durch eine rechteckförmige Ausnehmung der Stahlkonstruktion des Gegenauslegers gebildet. Die Platzierung der Gegenelemente innerhalb dieser Öffnung führt dazu, dass diese vollständig durch die Stahlkonstruktion des Gegenauslegers eingerahmt sind. Nachteilig an der bekannten Konstruktion mit festen Ballasteinhängepunkte ist jedoch die fehlende Flexibilität bei der Montage unterschiedlicher Ballastelemente bzw. eine bestehende Beschränkungen der einsetzbaren Stückzahl aufzunehmender Ballastelemente. Dies erschwert eine an die Auslegerlänge angepasste Ballastierung.The opening mentioned is formed, for example, by a rectangular recess in the steel construction of the counter boom. The placement of the counter elements within this opening means that they are completely framed by the steel construction of the counter boom. The disadvantage of the known construction with fixed ballast suspension points, however, is the lack of flexibility in the installation of different ballast elements or an existing Limitations on the number of ballast elements that can be used. This makes it difficult to adjust the ballasting to the boom length.

Weiterhin führt die rahmenartige Ballastaufnahme stets zu einer konstanten Gegenauslegerlänge, die durch die Stahlkonstruktion selbst definiert wird. Diese Einschränkung ist gerade bei kurzen Auslegerlängen unvorteilhaft, da hier ebenfalls eine Verkürzung des Gegenauslegers wünschenswert wäre. Kürzere Auslegerlängen des Gegenauslegers bedeuten nämlich Vorteile im Außerbetriebzustand "Drehen in den Wind". Zudem wäre eine kurze Gegenauslegerlänge auch beim Krantransport, insbesondere beim Containertransport, von Vorteil.Furthermore, the frame-like ballast support always leads to a constant counter jib length, which is defined by the steel construction itself. This limitation is particularly disadvantageous with short jib lengths, since a shortening of the counter jib would also be desirable here. Shorter jib lengths of the counter jib mean advantages when not in use "turning into the wind". In addition, a short counter jib length would also be advantageous when transporting cranes, especially when transporting containers.

Bei langen Auslegerlängen sind jedoch größere Gegenauslegerlängen vorteilhaft, um die Belastung auf das Drehwerk bei Obendreher-Kranen gleichmäßig zu verteilen. Dies vereinfacht gerade die Dimensionierung des eingesetzten Drehwerks.However, with long boom lengths, longer counter-boom lengths are advantageous in order to evenly distribute the load on the slewing gear of top-slewing cranes. This simplifies the dimensioning of the slewing gear used.

Aus der KR 2012 0042115 A ist ein Turmdrehkran bekannt, der sämtliche Merkmale des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 aufweist.From the KR 2012 0042115 A A tower crane is known which has all the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Die JP H11 165985 A offenbart ein Gegengewicht, welches eine Konsole umfasst, mit der es auf einem weiteren Gegengewicht gelagert ist, wobei das Gegengewicht mittels einer Zugverbindung an den weiteren Gegengewichten und dem Fahrzeugrahmen befestigt ist.The JP-H11 165985 A discloses a counterweight which comprises a bracket with which it is mounted on another counterweight, wherein the counterweight is attached to the other counterweights and the vehicle frame by means of a tension connection.

Die JP H03 18089 U zeigt ein Gegengewicht, das mittels einer Konsole auf einer entsprechenden Lagerstelle des Krans gestützt werden kann. Das Gegengewicht weist weiterhin Verbindungsmittel in Form einer Lasche auf, um eine Zugverbindung zwischen Gegengewicht und Kran herzustellen.The JP H03 18089 U shows a counterweight that can be supported by means of a bracket on a corresponding bearing point of the crane. The counterweight also has connecting means in the form of a strap to create a tensile connection between the counterweight and the crane.

Die vorliegende Erfindung setzt sich zum Ziel, eine geeignete Lösung für einen flexiblen Gegenausleger mit konfigurierbarer Länge aufzuzeigen.The present invention aims to provide a suitable solution for a flexible counter boom with configurable length.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch einen Turmkran gemäß den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Turmkrans sind Gegenstand der sich an den Hauptanspruch anschließenden abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is achieved by a tower crane according to the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the tower crane are the subject of the dependent claims following the main claim.

Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Turmkran vorgeschlagen, bei dem u.a. die Länge des Gegenauslegers durch die Anzahl der aufgenommenen Gegengewichte definiert ist. Die Gegengewichte werden nicht mehr in einer dafür vorgesehenen Öffnung eingehängt, sondern wenigstens ein Gegengewicht wird am freien Ende des Gegenauslegers befestigt. Alle weiteren Gegengewichte werden vorzugsweise an dieses erste Gegengewicht unmittelbar oder mittelbar angehängt. Die resultierende Länge des ballastierten Gegenauslegers ergibt sich aus der Anzahl befestigter Gegengewichte.According to the invention, a tower crane is proposed in which, among other things, the length of the counter jib is defined by the number of counterweights accommodated. The counterweights are no longer suspended in an opening provided for this purpose, but at least one counterweight is attached to the free end of the counter jib. All other counterweights are preferably attached directly or indirectly to this first counterweight. The resulting length of the ballasted counter jib is determined by the number of attached counterweights.

Der eingesetzte Ausleger kann ein Laufkatzausleger mit Gegenausleger sein.The boom used can be a trolley boom with counter boom.

Durch diese Möglichkeit kann besonders flexibel auf die gerüstete Auslegerlänge reagiert werden. Kurze Auslegerlängen erfordern eine reduzierte Anzahl an Gegengewichten, wodurch auch die Gegenauslegerlänge reduziert werden kann. Eine kurze Gegenauslegerlänge ist insbesondere beim "Drehen in den Wind" im Außerbetriebszustand des Krans vorteilhaft oder auch bei beengten Baustellenverhältnissen. Demgegenüber wird bei langen Auslegerlängen aufgrund der erforderlichen hohen Anzahl an Gegengewichten ebenfalls eine lange Gegenauslegerlänge erzielt, was vorteilhaft für die wirtschaftliche Bemessung der Drehwerke ist, da es zu einer gleichmäßigeren Belastung am Drehkranz kommt.This option allows for particularly flexible responses to the boom length used. Short boom lengths require a reduced number of counterweights, which means that the counter boom length can also be reduced. A short counter boom length is particularly advantageous when "turning into the wind" when the crane is not in operation or in confined construction site conditions. In contrast, with long boom lengths, a long counter boom length is also achieved due to the large number of counterweights required, which is advantageous for the economic dimensioning of the slewing gear, as it results in a more even load on the slewing ring.

Diese flexible Anordnung der Gegengewichte eröffnet auch neue Möglichkeiten bei der Auslegung und Dimensionierung der einzelnen Ballastelemente selbst. Beispielsweise können in diesem Zusammenhang unterschiedliche Ballastelementgrößen eingesetzt werden, um eine größere Flexibilität bei der Anpassung der Auslegerlänge zu erreichen. Durch ein gewisses Design einzelner Gegengewichte kann die resultierende Windfläche des ballastierten Gegenauslegers bewusst variiert, insbesondere vergrößert werden.This flexible arrangement of the counterweights also opens up new possibilities in the design and dimensioning of the individual ballast elements themselves. For example, different ballast element sizes can be used in this context to achieve greater flexibility in adjusting the boom length. By designing individual counterweights in a certain way, the resulting wind area of the ballasted counter boom can be deliberately varied, and in particular enlarged.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist lediglich ein Gegengewicht unmittelbar mit der Stahlkonstruktion des Gegenauslegers verbunden bzw. verbindbar. Alle weiteren Gegenballastelemente werden an dieses Gegengewicht montiert, vorzugsweise an dieses angehängt. Demnach sind alle weiteren Ballastelemente selbsttragend, d.h. diese sind ausschließlich untereinander und nicht mit der Stahlkonstruktion des Auslegers verbunden. Das erste unmittelbar an der Stahlkonstruktion montierte Gegengewicht trägt demnach nicht nur sein Eigengewicht, sondern ebenfalls die Summe der weiteren Gegengewichte.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, only one counterweight is directly connected or can be connected to the steel structure of the counter boom. All other counterballast elements are mounted on this counterweight, preferably suspended from it. Accordingly, all other ballast elements are self-supporting, i.e. they are only connected to each other and not to the steel structure of the boom. The first counterweight mounted directly on the steel structure therefore not only carries its own weight, but also the sum of the other counterweights.

Besonders bevorzugt sind die Gegengewichte in Gegenauslegerrichtung hintereinander gestapelt bzw. angehängt, insbesondere sind diese jeweils in senkrechter Einbaustellung hintereinander angehängt.Particularly preferably, the counterweights are stacked or suspended one behind the other in the counter boom direction, in particular they are suspended one behind the other in a vertical installation position.

Die Befestigung der einzelnen Gegengewichte untereinander bzw. die Befestigung des ersten Gegengewichtes am Kran selbst kann nach der Erfindung durch wenigstens eine auskragende Konsole, insbesondere in Form einer Knagge, am Ballastelement realisiert sein. Die Konsole bzw. Knagge kragt von einer quer zur Auslegerlängsachse liegenden Fläche des Gegengewichtes in Richtung des Gegenauslegers aus und dient zur Auflagerung auf einer passenden Lagerstelle der Stahlkonstruktion bzw. eines voranstehenden Gegengewichtes, vorzugsweise auf einer horizontalen Auflagefläche. Über diese Konsole bzw. Knagge werden die Gegengewichte bei der Montage von oben auf das vordere Ballastelement bzw. die Krankonstruktion aufgesetzt.According to the invention, the individual counterweights can be attached to one another or the first counterweight can be attached to the crane itself by means of at least one cantilevered bracket, in particular in the form of a lug, on the ballast element. The bracket or lug protrudes from a surface of the counterweight that is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the boom in the direction of the counter boom and is used to support the counterweight on a suitable bearing point of the steel structure or a counterweight in front, preferably on a horizontal support surface. During assembly, the counterweights are placed from above on the front ballast element or the crane structure via this bracket or lug.

Nach der Erfindung erfolgt die Zugsicherung durch ein geeignetes Verbindungsmittel, vorzugsweise durch wenigstens eine Zuglasche oder wenigstens einen starren Haken. Als Gegenelement für die Zugsicherung dient eine entsprechende Befestigungsstange, die quer zur Auslegerrichtung verläuft, insbesondere in Horizontalrichtung.According to the invention, the tension protection is provided by a suitable connecting means, preferably by at least one tension strap or at least one rigid hook. A corresponding fastening rod, which runs transversely to the boom direction, in particular in the horizontal direction, serves as a counter element for the tension protection.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Lagerstelle der Gegengewichte durch eine Vertiefung der Oberseite der Elemente gebildet ist, wobei besonders bevorzugt die horizontale Bodenfläche der Vertiefung als Lagerstelle dient. Die Konsole(n) bzw. Knagge(n) des dahinterliegenden Ballastelementes kann von oben auf die Bodenfläche der Vertiefung aufgesetzt werden.According to a preferred embodiment, the bearing point of the counterweights is formed by a depression in the upper side of the elements, with the horizontal bottom surface of the depression serving as the bearing point in a particularly preferred manner. The bracket(s) or lug(s) of the ballast element located behind it can be placed from above onto the bottom surface of the depression.

Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung durchsetzt die Vertiefung die gesamte Oberseite des Gegengewichtes in Gegenauslegerrichtung. Bei einer Anordnung einzelner Gegengewichte liegen die Vertiefungen fluchtend hintereinander, so dass sich vorteilhaft ein durchgehender Kanal auf der Oberseite der Ballastelemente ergibt. Dieser Kanal lässt sich idealerweise als Laufsteg einsetzen, wodurch die Ballastelemente zu Montagezwecken einfach zugänglich sind. Zudem können die Befestigungsstangen für die Zugverbindungen gleichzeitig als Geländer des Laufstegs genutzt werden.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the recess extends through the entire top of the counterweight in the counter boom direction. When individual counterweights are arranged, the recesses are aligned one behind the other, which advantageously creates a continuous channel on the top of the ballast elements. This channel can ideally be used as a walkway, making the ballast elements easily accessible for assembly purposes. In addition, the fastening rods for the tension connections can also be used as railings for the walkway.

Zuvor wurde bereits darauf hingewiesen, dass die neuartige Konstruktion des Gegenauslegers ohne feste Fixierungspunkte für einen Großteil der Ballastelemente auskommt und deswegen mehr gestalterische Freiräume hinsichtlich der Formgebung und Dimensionierung der Gegengewichte bietet. Bspw. können die Gegengewichte alle identisch ausgestaltet sein oder zumindest ein Teil der Gegengewichte kann unterschiedliche Formgebungen aufweisen. Gegengewichte mit variabler Dicke bzw. Stärke bieten eine höhere Flexibilität bei der Ballastierung. Gleichzeitig kann durch die variable Formgebung auch Einfluss auf die resultierende Windangriffsfläche des Gegenauslegers genommen werden. Durch Verwendung sehr dicker Gegengewichte kann die Windangriffsfläche künstlich gesteigert werden.It has already been pointed out that the new design of the counter jib does not require fixed fixing points for most of the ballast elements and therefore offers more design freedom with regard to the shape and dimensioning of the counterweights. For example, the counterweights can all be identical or at least some of the counterweights can have different shapes. Counterweights with variable thickness or strength offer greater flexibility when it comes to ballasting. At the same time, the variable shape can also influence the resulting wind attack area of the counter jib. The wind attack area can be artificially increased by using very thick counterweights.

In einer weiterhin bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung können ein oder mehrere Gegengewichte zumindest teilweise mit einem Stahlrahmen umfasst sein. Der Stahlrahmen erfüllt dabei nicht nur eine tragende Funktion, sondern dient ebenso als Schutz während des Transportes bzw. der Montage. Denkbar ist es ebenfalls, dass der Stahlrahmen bereits bei der Herstellung der Gegengewichte als verlorene Schalung dient.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, one or more counterweights can be at least partially enclosed with a steel frame. The steel frame not only fulfills a load-bearing function, but also serves as protection during transport or assembly. It is also conceivable that the steel frame serves as permanent formwork during the manufacture of the counterweights.

Die Erfindung betrifft neben dem erfindungsgemäßen Turmkran zudem ein einzelnes Gegengewicht zur Ballastierung eines Gegenauslegers eines Turmkranes gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung. Nach der Erfindung umfasst das Gegengewicht wenigstens eine auskragende Konsole, insbesondere in Form wenigstens einer Knagge, um das Gegengewicht auf einer horizontalen Lagerstelle zu lagern. Weiterhin ist wenigstens ein Verbindungsmittel zur Herstellung einer Zugverbindung vorgesehen. Das Verbindungsmittel ist in Form einer Lasche oder eines starren Hakens ausgestaltet. Zudem kann das Gegengewicht ein passendes Gegenelement zur Aufnahme der Lasche bzw. des starren Hakens eines benachbarten Gegengewichtes umfassen, vorzugsweise in Form einer Befestigungsstange.In addition to the tower crane according to the invention, the invention also relates to a single counterweight for ballasting a counter jib of a tower crane according to the present invention. According to the invention, the counterweight comprises at least one cantilevered bracket, in particular in the form of at least one lug, in order to support the counterweight on a horizontal bearing point. Furthermore, at least one connecting means is provided for establishing a tensile connection. The connecting means is designed in the form of a lug or a rigid hook. In addition, the counterweight can comprise a suitable counter element for receiving the lug or the rigid hook of an adjacent counterweight, preferably in the form of a fastening rod.

Nach der Erfindung ist ferner vorgesehen, dass das Gegengewicht eine Lagerstelle zur Lagerung der auskragenden Konsolen eines benachbarten Gegengewichtes vorsieht. Die Lagerstelle wird durch eine Vertiefung der Ballastoberseite gebildet, wobei sich diese Vertiefung vorzugsweise in der Montageposition in Auslegerrichtung durchgehend auf der Oberfläche durch das Gegengewicht erstreckt. Denkbar ist ebenfalls, dass das Ballastelement mit einer rahmenartigen Umfassung ausgestattet ist, die bevorzugt aus Stahl gefertigt ist. Der Rahmenkonstruktion kann eine tragende Funktion als auch eine Schutzfunktion vor etwaigen Transport- oder Montageschäden zukommen. Gleichzeitig kann diese Rahmenkonstruktion ebenfalls als verlorene Schalung bei der Herstellung des Gegengewichtes dienen.According to the invention, it is further provided that the counterweight has a bearing point for supporting the cantilevered brackets of an adjacent counterweight. The bearing point is formed by a depression in the top of the ballast, whereby this depression preferably extends continuously on the surface through the counterweight in the assembly position in the direction of the boom. It is also conceivable that the ballast element is equipped with a frame-like enclosure, which is preferably made of steel. The frame construction can have a load-bearing function as well as a protective function against any transport or assembly damage. At the same time, this frame construction can also serve as permanent formwork when producing the counterweight.

Insgesamt können die entstehenden Mehrkosten für die aufwändigere Herstellung derartiger Gegengewichte durch die damit einhergehenden Einsparungen am Gegenausleger kompensiert werden. Hierbei kann insbesondere am Gegenausleger die Konstruktion notwendiger Laufstege sowie einer unter Umständen notwendigen Tragkonstruktion für die Gegengewichte entfallen.Overall, the additional costs incurred for the more complex manufacture of such counterweights can be offset by the associated savings on the counter jib. In particular, the construction of necessary walkways and a possibly necessary supporting structure for the counterweights can be omitted on the counter jib.

Vorteilhaft kann das Gegengewicht auch ohne Knagge ausgeführt sein, wenn die anderen Bauteile, wie der Haken etc. entsprechend ausgelegt sind.Advantageously, the counterweight can also be designed without a lug if the other components, such as the hook, etc. are designed accordingly.

Weitere Vorteile und Eigenschaften der Erfindung sollen im Folgenden anhand eines in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden.Further advantages and properties of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the figures.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1:
eine Rückansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Gegengewichtes;
Figur 2:
ein Detailansicht des Gegenausleger des erfindungsgemäßen Turmkrans in einer Seitenansicht mit montierten Gegengewichten und
Figur 3:
eine alternative Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Gegengewichte.
Show it:
Figure 1:
a rear view of the counterweight according to the invention;
Figure 2:
a detailed view of the counter jib of the tower crane according to the invention in a side view with mounted counterweights and
Figure 3:
an alternative embodiment of the counterweights according to the invention.

Die erfindungsgemäße Idee der vorliegenden Anmeldung besteht darin, dass die Gegengewichte (Gegengewichte) zum Momentenausgleich des Turmkranes selbsttragend für die maximal mögliche Gegengewichtsballastierung ausgelegt werden.The inventive idea of the present application is that the counterweights (counterweights) for moment compensation of the tower crane are designed to be self-supporting for the maximum possible counterweight ballasting.

Dazu wird lediglich das innerste Gegengewicht 10 mit dem hinteren Ende der Stahlkonstruktion des Gegenauslegers 100 verbunden. Alle weiteren Gegengewichte 11 werden untereinander verbunden, ohne dass diese unmittelbar mit der Stahlkonstruktion des Gegenauslegers 100 verbunden werden müssen. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Stahlkonstruktion des Gegenauslegers 100 äußerst kurz bauend ausgeführt sein kann, was insbesondere vorteilhaft für den Transport des Turmkranes ist.For this purpose, only the innermost counterweight 10 is connected to the rear end of the steel structure of the counter jib 100. All other counterweights 11 are connected to one another without having to be directly connected to the steel structure of the counter jib 100. This has the advantage that the steel structure of the counter jib 100 can be made extremely short, which is particularly advantageous for transporting the tower crane.

Zudem kann mithilfe der Anzahl der ballastierten Gegengewichte 10, 11 die Länge des Gegenauslegers 100 optimal an die gerüstete Auslegerlänge des Turmkranes angepasst werden. Beispielsweise erhalten kurze Auslegerlängen aufgrund der geringen Anzahl an notwendigen Gegengewichten 10, 11 einen kurzen Gegenausleger, was vorteilhaft für den Außerbetriebszustand, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Funktion "Drehen in den Wind", ist, sowie bei beengten Baustellenverhältnissen. Lange Auslegerlängen erhalten demgegenüber aufgrund der hohen Anzahl an benötigten Gegengewichten eine lange Gegenauslegerlänge, was vorteilhaft für die wirtschaftliche Bemessung der Drehwerke ist.In addition, the number of ballasted counterweights 10, 11 allows the length of the counter jib 100 to be optimally adapted to the equipped boom length of the tower crane. For example, short boom lengths receive a short counter jib due to the small number of counterweights 10, 11 required, which is advantageous for the out-of-service state, especially with regard to the "turning into the wind" function, as well as in confined construction site conditions. Long boom lengths, on the other hand, have a long counter boom length due to the high number of counterweights required, which is advantageous for the economical dimensioning of the slewing gear.

Die Figur 1 zeigt das erfindungsgemäße Gegengewicht 10, 11 in einer Rückansicht. In dieser senkrechten Einbaustellung wird es von hinten an die Stahlkonstruktion oder ein vorderes Gegengewicht montiert. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind das erste 10 und alle weiteren Gegengewichte 11 identisch gemäß Figur 1 konstruiert. Die Gegengewichte 10,11 sehen eine sechseckige Grundform vor. Selbstverständlich können die Gegengewichte im Rahmen der Erfindung auch jede andere Grundform haben. Für die Montage an der Stahlkonstruktion bzw. einem vorderen Gegengewicht 10, 11 stehen als Befestigungsmittel zwei Knaggen 30 sowie zwei Zuglaschen 20 zur Verfügung (s. Figur 2). Die zwei Knaggen 30 kragen in der gezeigten senkrechten Stellung der Elemente 10, 11 vorzugsweise im oberen Drittel der Vorderseite parallel zueinander auf der linken und rechten Seite aus. Analog erstrecken sich zwei Zuglasche 20 parallel zueinander jeweils senkrecht zur Grundfläche nach vorne, wobei jeweils eine Zuglasche 20 auf der rechten und linken Seite nahe der Oberkante montiert ist. Zudem sind die Zuglaschen 20 schwenkbar am Gegengewicht 10, 11 angelenkt.The Figure 1 shows the counterweight 10, 11 according to the invention in a rear view. In this vertical installation position, it is mounted from behind to the steel structure or a front counterweight. In the embodiment, the first 10 and all other counterweights 11 are identical according to Figure 1 The counterweights 10, 11 have a hexagonal basic shape. Of course, the counterweights can also have any other basic shape within the scope of the invention. Two lugs 30 and two pull tabs 20 are available as fastening means for mounting on the steel structure or a front counterweight 10, 11 (see Figure 2 ). In the vertical position of the elements 10, 11 shown, the two lugs 30 preferably protrude parallel to one another on the left and right sides in the upper third of the front. Similarly, two pull tabs 20 extend parallel to one another, each perpendicular to the base, to the front, with one pull tab 20 mounted on the right and left side near the upper edge. In addition, the pull tabs 20 are pivotally connected to the counterweight 10, 11.

In Figur 2 ist weiter gut erkennbar, dass das erste Gegengewicht 10 von oben mittels der Knagge 30 auf die Stahlkonstruktion des Gegenauslegers 100 aufgesetzt und mit der Zuglasche 20 entsprechend gesichert ist. Dabei werden die Knaggen 30 auf eine horizontale Lagerfläche der Stahlkonstruktion aufgesetzt und die Laschen 20 an einer geeigneten Befestigungsstange 101 des Gegenauslegers 100 eingehakt.In Figure 2 It is also clearly visible that the first counterweight 10 is placed from above on the steel structure of the counter boom 100 by means of the lug 30 and is secured accordingly with the tension strap 20. The lugs 30 are placed on a horizontal bearing surface of the steel structure and the straps 20 are hooked onto a suitable fastening rod 101 of the counter boom 100.

Alle weiteren Gegengewichte 11 werden ebenfalls mithilfe ihrer Knaggen 30 sowie der Zuglaschen 20 von oben auf das jeweils vordere Gegengewicht 10, 11 aufgesetzt. Folglich wird eine Vielzahl an Gegengewichten 10, 11 in Gegenauslegerrichtung hintereinander gestapelt, sodass die gesamte Auslegerlänge des Gegenauslegers 100 durch die Anzahl der Gegengewichte 10, 11 definiert ist.All other counterweights 11 are also placed from above onto the front counterweight 10, 11 using their lugs 30 and the pull tabs 20. Consequently, a large number of counterweights 10, 11 are stacked one behind the other in the counter boom direction, so that the entire boom length of the counter boom 100 is defined by the number of counterweights 10, 11.

Für die Aufnahme der Knaggen 30 des hinteren Gegengewichtes 11 umfasst jedes Gegengewicht 10, 11 ebenfalls eine passende Lagerstelle, um die Knaggen 30 von oben auf die horizontale Lagerfläche aufsetzen zu können. Diese Lagerfläche wird durch eine durchgehende Vertiefung 13 der Oberseite 12 gebildet, wie sie beispielsweise in Figur 1 dargestellt ist. Die Vertiefung ist in Längsrichtung durchgängig, wodurch die Oberseite 12 dadurch einen in Auslegerlängsrichtung verlaufenden rechteckigen Kanal bildet, dessen horizontale Bodenfläche als Lagerstelle für die Aufnahme der Knaggen 30 dient. In der Darstellung der Figur 1 sind die Knaggen des dahinterliegenden Gegengewichtes 11 mit dem Bezugszeichen 30' gekennzeichnet. An der Oberkante der Vertiefung 13 verläuft eine Befestigungsstange 21 quer zur Auslegerrichtung. An dieser Befestigungsstange 21 können die Zuglaschen 20' der benachbarten Gegengewichte 11 eingehängt werden.To accommodate the lugs 30 of the rear counterweight 11, each counterweight 10, 11 also includes a suitable bearing point so that the lugs 30 can be placed from above on the horizontal bearing surface. This bearing surface is formed by a continuous recess 13 in the upper side 12, as is shown for example in Figure 1 The recess is continuous in the longitudinal direction, whereby the upper side 12 forms a rectangular channel running in the longitudinal direction of the boom, the horizontal bottom surface of which serves as a bearing point for receiving the lugs 30. In the illustration of the Figure 1 the lugs of the counterweight 11 located behind them are marked with the reference symbol 30'. A fastening rod 21 runs along the upper edge of the recess 13, transverse to the direction of the boom. The pull tabs 20' of the adjacent counterweights 11 can be hooked onto this fastening rod 21.

Ein besonderer Vorteil dieser Anordnung ist, dass an der Stahlkonstruktion des Gegenauslegers 100 keine vorgegebenen Fixpunkte für die unterschiedlichen Gegengewichte 11 vorhanden sind. Dadurch kann der Gewichtsausgleich des Gegenauslegers 100 mit verschiedenen Gewichten 10, 11 optimal austariert werden. Denkbar ist beispielsweise, dass die Gegengewichte 10, 11 zum einen unterschiedliche Grundformen aufweisen, insbesondere sich aber durch unterschiedliche Stärken, d.h. die Dicke in Auslegerrichtung, unterscheiden. Dies erlaubt eine besonders flexible Konfiguration des Gegengewichtes. Weiterhin ist es denkbar, dass gerade das hinterste Gegengewicht 11 besonders lang ausgeführt ist, um die resultierende Windangriffsfläche des Gegenauslegers 100 bewusst zu vergrößern.A particular advantage of this arrangement is that there are no predetermined fixed points for the different counterweights 11 on the steel structure of the counter boom 100. This means that the weight compensation of the counter boom 100 can be optimally balanced with different weights 10, 11. It is conceivable, for example, that the counterweights 10, 11 have different basic shapes, but in particular differ in terms of their thickness, i.e. the thickness in the boom direction. This allows a particularly flexible configuration of the counterweight. It is also conceivable that the rearmost counterweight 11 is particularly long in order to deliberately increase the resulting wind attack area of the counter boom 100.

Zudem lassen sich die Gegengewichte 10, 11 auch Krantypenübergreifend einsetzen, da der Fixpunkt zu der Stahlkonstruktion 100 standardisiert sein kann. Die Mehrfachverwendung ist vorteilhaft für die flexible Verwendung innerhalb von Mietpools und erzeugt Skaleneffekte in der Fertigung.In addition, the counterweights 10, 11 can also be used across crane types, since the fixed point to the steel structure 100 can be standardized. The multiple use is advantageous for flexible use within rental pools and creates economies of scale in production.

Wenn die Gegengewichte mittels der Zugverbindung und Knaggenlager miteinander verbunden sind, ist kein seitlicher Laufsteg mehr notwendig, da dieser durch die fluchtend verlaufenden Vertiefungen 13 der Gegengewichte 10, 11 gebildet wird. Diese versteckte Anordnung der Laufstege innerhalb der Gegengewichte 10, 11 kann zu einer geringeren Windfläche und damit zu niedrigeren Kosten des Gegenauslegers 100 führen. Weiterhin lässt sich dadurch ein ansprechendes und markantes Produktdesign umsetzen. Die Befestigungsstangen 21 können gleichzeitig als Geländer für den Laufsteg genutzt werden.If the counterweights are connected to each other by means of the tension connection and lug bearings, a lateral walkway is no longer necessary, as this is supported by the aligned recesses 13 of the counterweights 10, 11. This hidden arrangement of the walkways within the counterweights 10, 11 can lead to a smaller wind area and thus to lower costs for the counter boom 100. Furthermore, this allows an attractive and striking product design to be implemented. The fastening rods 21 can also be used as railings for the walkway.

Alternativ zur schwenkbaren Zuglasche 20 gemäß Figur 2 kann auch ein feststehender horizontaler Sicherungshaken 23 gemäß Figur 3 eingesetzt werden.As an alternative to the swivel pull tab 20 according to Figure 2 A fixed horizontal safety hook 23 can also be used according to Figure 3 be used.

Ergänzend können die Gegengewichte 10, 11 mit einem tragenden Stahlrahmen 14 ausgeführt sein, der um den Umfang des Gegengewichtes 10, 11 verläuft. Lediglich die Oberseite 12 ist ausgespart. Der Stahlrahmen 14 erfüllt dabei nicht nur eine tragende Funktion sondern dient sowohl zum Schutz vor Transport und Montageschäden. Ferner kann der Stahlrahmen bereits bei der Herstellung der Gegengewichte 10, 11 als verlorene Schalung dienen. Die entstehenden Mehrkosten für die aufwendigeren Ballastelemente 10, 11 können bei vorteilhafter Konstruktion durch die Einsparung am Gegenausleger 100, insbesondere durch den Wegfall der Laufstege und der Tragkonstruktion für die Gegengewichte kompensiert werden.In addition, the counterweights 10, 11 can be designed with a supporting steel frame 14 that runs around the circumference of the counterweight 10, 11. Only the top 12 is left out. The steel frame 14 not only fulfills a supporting function but also serves to protect against transport and assembly damage. Furthermore, the steel frame can already serve as permanent formwork during the manufacture of the counterweights 10, 11. With an advantageous design, the additional costs incurred for the more complex ballast elements 10, 11 can be compensated for by the savings on the counter boom 100, in particular by eliminating the walkways and the supporting structure for the counterweights.

Claims (11)

  1. A tower crane with a crane tower and a jib mounted thereon as well as a counter-jib (100),
    wherein the length of the counter-jib (100) is defined by the number of counterweights (10, 11) received,
    characterized in that
    at least one counterweight (10, 11) comprises at least one cantilevered panel, particularly in the form of at least one cleat (30), to retain the counterweight (11) at a respective bearing point of the steel structure of the counter-jib (100) or a further counterweight (10, 11) and wherein the at least one counterweight (11) additionally comprises at least one connecting means, particularly at least one tab (20) or at least one rigid hook, for establishing a tensile connection with the steel structure or the further counterweight (10, 11), and
    at least one attachment rod is provided at the steel structure or the further counterweight (11) as a counter-element for the at least one connecting means, preferably in the form of a rod (21, 101) extending transversely to the jib direction.
  2. The tower crane according to claim 1, characterized in that a first counterweight (10) is mounted or mountable to, particularly can be hooked into, a free end of the steel structure of the counter-jib (100), and any other counterweights (11) are directly connected or connectable to the first counterweight (10) or to one another.
  3. The tower crane according to claim 2, characterized in that at least two counter-ballast elements (10, 11) in counter-jib direction are mounted or mountable successively.
  4. The tower crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bearing point of at least one counterweight is formed by a recess (13) of the upper side (12) of the ballast, wherein the recess (13) preferably extends in the jib direction continuously through the counterweight (10, 11).
  5. The tower crane according to claim 4, characterized in that a continuous platform is formed when successively arranging multiple counterweights (10, 11) through the recesses (13).
  6. The tower crane according to in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the counterweights (10, 11) are designed identically or at least one part of the counterweights are designed differently, wherein they differ particularly regarding their thickness and/or their perimeter and/or their basic shape and/or the type of material used.
  7. The tower crane according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the counterweights (10, 11) is surrounded at least partially by a steel frame (14).
  8. A counterweight for ballasting a counter-jib (100) of a tower crane, in particular a tower crane according to one of claims 1-7, wherein the counterweight (10, 11) comprises at least one cantilevered panel, particularly in the form of at least one cleat (30), to support the counterweight on a horizontal bearing point, characterized in that the counterweight provides at least one connecting means, particularly at least one tab (20) or at least one rigid hook, for establishing a tensile connection with an appropriate counter-element, preferably an attachment rod (21, 101),
    the counterweight (10, 11) comprises a bearing point for supporting the cantilevered panel of a further counterweight, and
    the bearing point is formed by a recess (13) on the upper side (12) of the ballast and the recess extends preferably in the mounting position in the jib direction continuously on the upper side through the counterweight.
  9. The counterweight according to the preceding claim 8, characterized in that a frame- like enclosure (14) of the ballast element perimeter is provided, particularly a frame-like enclosure made of steel.
  10. The counterweight according to any one of the claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the steel frame (14) is designed such that it is also able to apply a supporting effect.
  11. The counterweight according to any one of the preceding claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the counterweight (10, 11) is designed without a cleat (30).
EP16735995.9A 2015-07-06 2016-07-06 Tower crane Active EP3319898B1 (en)

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DE102015008771.1A DE102015008771A1 (en) 2015-07-06 2015-07-06 tower crane
PCT/EP2016/001162 WO2017005365A1 (en) 2015-07-06 2016-07-06 Tower crane

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EP3319898A1 (en) 2018-05-16
CN108025897B (en) 2020-09-29
WO2017005365A1 (en) 2017-01-12
DE102015008771A1 (en) 2017-01-12
US20180273353A1 (en) 2018-09-27
CN108025897A (en) 2018-05-11
US10843908B2 (en) 2020-11-24

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