EP3274288A1 - Crane tower - Google Patents

Crane tower

Info

Publication number
EP3274288A1
EP3274288A1 EP16711775.3A EP16711775A EP3274288A1 EP 3274288 A1 EP3274288 A1 EP 3274288A1 EP 16711775 A EP16711775 A EP 16711775A EP 3274288 A1 EP3274288 A1 EP 3274288A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crane
tower
crane tower
tension element
tension
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16711775.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3274288B1 (en
Inventor
Joachim Mayer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Liebherr Werk Biberach GmbH
Original Assignee
Liebherr Werk Biberach GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Liebherr Werk Biberach GmbH filed Critical Liebherr Werk Biberach GmbH
Publication of EP3274288A1 publication Critical patent/EP3274288A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3274288B1 publication Critical patent/EP3274288B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/26—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail
    • B66C23/28—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail constructed to operate at successively higher levels
    • B66C23/283—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail constructed to operate at successively higher levels with frameworks composed of assembled elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/02—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes with non-adjustable and non-inclinable jibs mounted solely for slewing movements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/72—Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples
    • B66C23/74—Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples separate from jib
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/20—Side-supporting means therefor, e.g. using guy ropes or struts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a crane tower and a tower crane containing this crane tower.
  • the crane tower which, among other things, accounts for a large proportion of the hook height of a crane to be reached.
  • the crane tower has the function to derive the loads occurring from the top of the crane as well as acting on the top forces to the base of the crane tower.
  • forces that burden the crane tower in particular the weight of the crane components, loads due to moments that are caused due to a load on a load hook or by a counter ballast on the counter-jib, loads from driving movements of the crane and loads due to wind on the Crane to be called to call.
  • the diversion of the various actions or loads typically occurs through a suitable choice of tower construction.
  • the tower is therefore designed as a framework support structure, are derived in the bending moments occurring, ie moments that can lead to a bending of the projecting perpendicular to the ground crane tower, usually about three or four corner handles.
  • the horizontal moments and the torsional loads are derived via the diagonal element infill in the crane tower to the base.
  • the dimensions of welded towers are usually chosen so that the maximum permissible dimensional limits for a transport are not exceeded and also the economic efficiency of the transport is maintained.
  • the crane tower comprises a crane base, to which a crane tower is attached and from which the crane tower extends upwards, and a tension member for bracing the crane tower at the crane base, the tension element at one of its two ends with the crane base and at the other one End is connected to the crane tower or connected to a crane tower coupling element.
  • the crane tower is further characterized in that the tension element runs outside the crane tower.
  • a crane tower is a, preferably in the vertical, erecting structure of a crane to which the crane boom is attached and thus has a significant share of the reach with the crane hook height.
  • the crane tower consists of several mast sections that can be connected to one another and that represent individual, interconnectable elements of the crane tower.
  • mast shots are inserted into a crane tower already connected to the assembled crane top, usually by a hydraulic pump located on the crane tower, which pushes up a crane head to provide clearance for a mast shot element to be inserted
  • the crane tower grows upwards, and the mast shot is the preassembled parts of the crane tower.
  • the crane base describes that element from which the crane tower extends upwards and that the forces emitted by the crane tower initiate into the ground.
  • a crane foundation for example, a crane foundation, a foundation cross or an undercarriage into consideration.
  • the crane foundation is usually a concrete foundation, the top of which is preferably flush with the ground level.
  • the tension member for bracing the crane tower preferably comprises a strut and / or a rope.
  • a point of the crane tower or a coupling element connected to the crane tower is connected to the crane base via the tension element, so that the point of the crane connected to the tension element Crane tower or the coupling element is pulled or braced in the direction of Kranturmbasis.
  • the tension element runs outside the crane tower. This preferably means that the cross-sectional area defined by the plurality of corner posts of the mast shot, or of the crane tower, does not collide with a tension element.
  • a coupling element which under certain circumstances may also be rigidly connected to the crane tower, is not taken into account in the definition of the cross-sectional area of the crane tower, since a coupling element has no effect on the maximum deflectable bending forces of a crane tower. Accordingly, it is preferably only of importance that the tension element runs outside a cross-sectional area of the crane tower whose vertices are defined by the several, preferably three or four, corner posts of the crane tower.
  • each rigidly projecting from the crane tower element can be considered, which has a point outside the defined by the multiple corner posts of a crane cross-sectional area. It is typical for a coupling element that it has a rigid connection to the crane tower and has a basically rigid base structure. Preferably comes as a coupling element of a crane tower attached to the crane tower bracket, a transition piece to another crane tower type or a ball slewing bearing in question. As already explained above, it is advantageous if the point in connection with the tension element lies outside a cross-sectional area of a crane element (mast shot).
  • the cross section extends in a plane which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower.
  • the cross-sectional area is preferably determined by the mast element having a direct connection to the crane base.
  • a connection of the tension element is at points that extend beyond the cross-sectional area of the the tower base in associated mast shot beyond the invention.
  • the coupling element which is connected to one end of the tension element, from the crane tower.
  • it stands out from a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower.
  • the tension element runs approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower, that is to say in a tower crane approximately parallel to the vertical.
  • This arrangement of the tension element leads to a space-saving implementation of the invention, since in this case a compact Kranturmbasis accompanied the implementation of the invention.
  • tension element of the material used for the tension element based on a maximum height to be achieved minimal.
  • the crane tower according to the invention comprises a second traction element, which is arranged in particular so that it lies together with the first traction element in a common plane which contains the longitudinal direction of the crane tower or parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower.
  • a second tension member By providing a second tension member, it is possible to compensate for the bending moments acting on the crane in more than one direction.
  • the present invention is not limited to a maximum of two tension members. Rather, the provision of further tension elements is useful in order to compensate or mitigate occurring bending forces from several directions with the aid of several tension elements.
  • first tension member and the second tension member are arranged mirror-symmetrically to a mirror plane, wherein the mirror plane preferably extends through the longitudinal axis of the crane tower.
  • first and the second tension element are each connected to an associated (for each of the tension elements separately present) coupling element.
  • both tension elements are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the crane tower.
  • an embodiment of the tension element is conceivable as a sheathed high-strength fiber rope, wherein the fiber rope preferably contains aramid fibers.
  • These high-strength, sheathed fiber ropes are particularly durable and resistant and can be adapted in a simple manner in the carrying capacity to the required properties.
  • they have a very low weight and are due to their flexibility ideally suited to form longer tension members.
  • they can preferably be transported in a drummed state and installed with little installation effort. This leads to savings in transporting the crane and during assembly.
  • a construction of a crane tower having a plurality of projecting from the crane tower in a height direction superposed coupling elements and in which the tension element extends from a next higher coupling element to an underlying coupling element, or is connected thereto.
  • Kranturmbasis that portion of the crane tower, which is in communication with the lying below a next higher coupling element coupling element. It extends a Kranturmelement, which preferably equals a mast shot, from the Kranturmbasis upwards and is connected to the Kranturmbasis via a tension element.
  • This implementation of the invention is particularly suitable for cranes that are capable of climbing.
  • the invention further relates to a tower crane with a crane tower according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the tower crane is preferably a top-rotating tower crane.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a crane tower according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the crane tower according to the invention in a side view
  • Fig. 3 a top rotating tower crane with an inventive
  • Fig. 1 shows a crane tower 1, which is fixed to a crane tower 2.
  • the crane base 2 has an upper side facing the crane tower 1, which has a similar level to the floor 7 surrounding the crane base 2.
  • the crane tower 1 has coupling elements 5 which protrude from the crane tower 1.
  • Each coupling element 5 has an associated tension element 3; 4, which connects the coupling element 5 with the crane base 2.
  • the tension element 3; 4 extends from its point of connection with the coupling element 5 downwards, substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower 1.
  • the tension element 3; 4 from its connection point with the coupling element 5 but also in a manner not shown here obliquely or "crosswise" to the crane base 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows a crane tower according to the invention in a side view. It can be seen a plurality of height moderately spaced coupling elements 5, 52, 53, which protrude from the crane tower 1.
  • the superimposed coupling elements 5, 52, 53 are connected to a respective associated tension element 3; 4, 32; 42, 33; 43 in connection.
  • coupling element 5, 52, 53 can therefore speak of a bracing plane.
  • a next higher clamping plane which already has an underlying clamping plane, with the underlying voltage level by a tension element 4; 3 connected.
  • the closest to the bottom 7 arranged coupling elements 5 form the first clamping plane.
  • the first bracing plane forms the crane base 22 for the overlying bracing plane.
  • the coupling element 52 by means of a tension member 32; 42 connected to the crane base 22.
  • the coupling element 53 of which via a corresponding tension element 33; 43 are attached to a Kranturmbasis 23.
  • Fig. 3 shows an overhead turning tower crane 6 with a crane tower 1 of the present invention.
  • the crane base 2 in this embodiment is a foundation cross or an undercarriage. This foundation cross or this undercarriage is in connection with a tension element 3; 4, which extends to a coupling element 5.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a crane tower (1), which comprises a crane tower base (2), to which the crane tower (1) or a crane tower element is fastened and from which the crane tower (1) extends upward, and a tension element (3; 4) for bracing the crane tower (1) on the crane tower base (2). The tension element (3; 4) is connected to the crane tower base (2) at one of the two ends of the tension element and to the crane tower (1) or a coupling connected to the crane tower (1) at the other end of the tension element. The crane tower is distinguished in that the tension element (3; 4) extends outside of the crane tower (1). It is thus possible to reduce the dimensions of the crane tower while keeping the bending resistance constant or to increase the bending resistance while keeping the dimensions constant.

Description

Kranturm  crane tower
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Kranturm sowie einen diesen Kranturm enthaltenden Turmdrehkran. The present invention relates to a crane tower and a tower crane containing this crane tower.
Ein wichtiges Element bei Kranen ist der Kranturm, der unter anderem einen gro- ßen Anteil an der zu erreichenden Hakenhöhe eines Krans ausmacht. Bei obendrehenden Turmdrehkranen hat der Kranturm die Funktion, die auftretenden Belastungen aus dem Oberteil des Kranes sowie auf das Oberteil wirkende Kräfte zum Fußpunkt des Kranturmes abzuleiten. Als auftretende Kräfte, die den Kranturm belasten, sind insbesondere das Eigengewicht der Kranbauteile, Belastungen durch Momente, die aufgrund einer Last an einem Lasthaken beziehungsweise durch einen Gegenballast am Gegenausleger hervorgerufen werden, Belastungen aus Fahrbewegungen des Krans und Belastungen, die aufgrund von Windeinwirkung auf den Kran hervorgerufen werden, zu nennen. ln herkömmlichen Kranen erfolgt die Abtleitung der verschiedenen Einwirkungen beziehungsweise Belastungen typischerweise durch eine geeignete Wahl der Turmkonstruktion. In den meisten Fällen ist der Turm deshalb als Fachwerk- Tragwerk ausgebildet, bei dem auftretende Biegemomente, also Momente, die zu einem Verbiegen des senkrecht zum Boden abstehenden Kranturms führen können, über meist drei oder vier Eckstiele abgeleitet werden. Die horizontalen Momente und die Torsionsbelastungen werden über die Ausfachung mit diagonalen Elementen in dem Kranturm zum Fußpunkt abgeleitet. An important element in cranes is the crane tower, which, among other things, accounts for a large proportion of the hook height of a crane to be reached. In overhead slewing tower cranes, the crane tower has the function to derive the loads occurring from the top of the crane as well as acting on the top forces to the base of the crane tower. As occurring forces that burden the crane tower, in particular the weight of the crane components, loads due to moments that are caused due to a load on a load hook or by a counter ballast on the counter-jib, loads from driving movements of the crane and loads due to wind on the Crane to be called to call. In conventional cranes, the diversion of the various actions or loads typically occurs through a suitable choice of tower construction. In most cases, the tower is therefore designed as a framework support structure, are derived in the bending moments occurring, ie moments that can lead to a bending of the projecting perpendicular to the ground crane tower, usually about three or four corner handles. The horizontal moments and the torsional loads are derived via the diagonal element infill in the crane tower to the base.
Hierbei werden die Abmessungen von verschweißten Türmen meist so gewählt, dass die maximal zulässigen Abmessungsgrenzen für einen Transport nicht überschritten werden und auch die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Transports erhalten bleibt. Here, the dimensions of welded towers are usually chosen so that the maximum permissible dimensional limits for a transport are not exceeded and also the economic efficiency of the transport is maintained.
Diesem Bestreben stehen eine möglichst hohe Hakenhöhe und eine möglichst große Biegefestigkeit des Krans entgegen, die eine entsprechende Dimensionierung der Bauteile des Turms erfordert, wodurch der Kranturm schwer und teuer wird. Diese beiden gegensätzlichen Bestrebungen lassen sich mit herkömmlichen Kranen nicht vereinen. Die maximale Hakenhöhe bleibt begrenzt, da die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Transports und auch die Umsetzung eines Krantransports gewisse Grenzen setzen. Bei einem Bedarf nach besonders großen Hakenhöhen wird der Turmquerschnitt daher abgestuft, indem größere Turmbauteile in einen unteren Bereich des Kranturms verwendet werden. Nach oben hin wird der Turmquerschnitt schrittweise kleiner. Dennoch ist der Transportaufwand enorm. This endeavor is countered by the highest possible hook height and the greatest possible bending strength of the crane, which requires a corresponding dimensioning of the components of the tower, as a result of which the crane tower becomes heavy and expensive. These two opposing aspirations can not be combined with conventional cranes. The maximum hook height remains limited as the economic efficiency of the transport and the implementation of a crane transport set certain limits. Thus, in need of extra large hook heights, the tower cross section is stepped by using larger tower components into a lower area of the crane tower. Towards the top, the tower cross-section becomes progressively smaller. Nevertheless, the transport cost is enormous.
Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, die Belastungen, die ein Kranturm aufnehmen kann, zu vergrößern, beziehungsweise die Bauteile eines Kranturms so zu dimensionieren, dass sie bei einer gleichen Belastungsfähigkeit leichter zu transportieren sind und geringere Transportabmessungen aufweisen. It is the object of the present invention to increase the loads that can accommodate a crane tower, or to dimension the components of a crane tower so that they are easier to transport at a same load capacity and have lower transport dimensions.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Kranturm mit den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Hierbei umfasst der Kranturm eine Kranturmbasis, an der ein Kranturm befestigt ist und von der sich der Kranturm nach oben erstreckt, und ein Zugelement zum Verspannen des Kranturms an der Kranturmbasis, wobei das Zugelement an einem seiner beiden Enden mit der Kranturmbasis und an seinem jeweiligen anderen Ende mit dem Kranturm oder mit einem mit dem Kranturm verbundenen Koppelelement verbunden ist. Der Kranturm zeichnet sich ferner dadurch aus, dass das Zugelement außerhalb des Kranturms verläuft. This object is achieved by a crane tower with the features of claim 1. Here, the crane tower comprises a crane base, to which a crane tower is attached and from which the crane tower extends upwards, and a tension member for bracing the crane tower at the crane base, the tension element at one of its two ends with the crane base and at the other one End is connected to the crane tower or connected to a crane tower coupling element. The crane tower is further characterized in that the tension element runs outside the crane tower.
Ein Kranturm ist ein sich, vorzugsweise in der Vertikalen, aufrichtender Aufbau eines Kranes, an dem der Kranausleger befestigt ist und somit maßgeblichen Anteil an der mit dem Kran zu erreichenden Hakenhöhe besitzt. Typischerweise besteht der Kranturm aus mehreren miteinander verbindbaren Mastschüssen, die einzelne, miteinander verbindbare Elemente des Kranturms darstellen. Bei„kletterfähigen" Kranen werden Mastschüsse in einen bereits mit dem fertig montierten Kranoberteil verbundenen Kranturm eingefügt. Dies erfolgt meist durch eine an dem Kranturm angeordnete Hydraulikpumpe, die einen Kranoberteil nach oben drückt und somit Freiraum für ein einzufügendes Mastschusselement schafft. Durch ein Wiederholen des Einfügevorgangs wächst der Kranturm in die Höhe. Als Mastschuss bezeichnet man die vormontierten Teilstücke des Kranturms. A crane tower is a, preferably in the vertical, erecting structure of a crane to which the crane boom is attached and thus has a significant share of the reach with the crane hook height. Typically, the crane tower consists of several mast sections that can be connected to one another and that represent individual, interconnectable elements of the crane tower. For "climbable" cranes, mast shots are inserted into a crane tower already connected to the assembled crane top, usually by a hydraulic pump located on the crane tower, which pushes up a crane head to provide clearance for a mast shot element to be inserted The crane tower grows upwards, and the mast shot is the preassembled parts of the crane tower.
Die Kranturmbasis beschreibt dasjenige Element, von dem aus sich der Kranturm nach oben erstreckt und dass die vom Kranturm abgegebenen Kräfte in den Boden einleitet. Als Kranturmbasis kommt beispielsweise ein Kranfundament, ein Fundamentkreuz oder ein Unterwagen in Betracht. Als Kranfundament dient meist ein Betonfundament, dessen Oberseite vorzugsweise mit dem Bodenniveau in etwa bündig abschließt. The crane base describes that element from which the crane tower extends upwards and that the forces emitted by the crane tower initiate into the ground. As Kranturmbasis comes, for example, a crane foundation, a foundation cross or an undercarriage into consideration. The crane foundation is usually a concrete foundation, the top of which is preferably flush with the ground level.
Das Zugelement zum Verspannen des Kranturms umfasst vorzugsweise eine Strebe und/oder ein Seil. Mit dem Zugelement wird ein Punkt des Kranturms oder ein mit dem Kranturm verbundenes Koppelelement über das Zugelement mit der Kranturmbasis verbunden, sodass der mit dem Zugelement verbundene Punkt des Kranturms beziehungsweise das Koppelelement in Richtung der Kranturmbasis gezogen oder verspannt wird. The tension member for bracing the crane tower preferably comprises a strut and / or a rope. With the tension element, a point of the crane tower or a coupling element connected to the crane tower is connected to the crane base via the tension element, so that the point of the crane connected to the tension element Crane tower or the coupling element is pulled or braced in the direction of Kranturmbasis.
Zudem verläuft das Zugelement außerhalb des Kranturms. Vorzugsweise bedeutet dies, dass die durch die mehreren Eckstiele des Mastschusses, beziehungsweise des Kranturms, definierte Querschnittsfläche nicht mit einem Zugelement kollidiert. In addition, the tension element runs outside the crane tower. This preferably means that the cross-sectional area defined by the plurality of corner posts of the mast shot, or of the crane tower, does not collide with a tension element.
Ein Koppelelement, das unter Umständen auch starr mit dem Kranturm verbunden sein kann, findet bei der Definition der Querschnittsfläche des Kranturms keine Berücksichtigung, da ein Koppelelement keinerlei Auswirkung auf die maximal ableitbaren Biegekräfte eines Kranturms aufweist. Demnach ist vorzugsweise lediglich von Belang, dass das Zugelement außerhalb einer Querschnittsfläche des Kranturms verläuft, deren Eckpunkte durch die mehreren, vorzugsweise drei oder vier, Eckstiele des Kranturms definiert ist. A coupling element, which under certain circumstances may also be rigidly connected to the crane tower, is not taken into account in the definition of the cross-sectional area of the crane tower, since a coupling element has no effect on the maximum deflectable bending forces of a crane tower. Accordingly, it is preferably only of importance that the tension element runs outside a cross-sectional area of the crane tower whose vertices are defined by the several, preferably three or four, corner posts of the crane tower.
Als Koppelelement kann jedes starr von dem Kranturm abstehende Element angesehen werden, das einen Punkt außerhalb der durch die mehreren Eckstiele eines Krans definierten Querschnittsfläche aufweist. Typisch für ein Koppelelement ist, dass es eine starre Verbindung mit dem Kranturm aufweist und einen an sich starren Grundaufbau besitzt. Vorzugsweise kommt als Koppelelement eines Kranturms eine an den Kranturm angebaute Konsole, ein Übergangsstück auf einen anderen Kranturmtyp oder eine Kugeldrehkranzauflage in Frage. Wie oben bereits erläutert ist es von Vorteil, wenn der mit dem Zugelement in Verbindung stehende Punkt außerhalb einer Querschnittsfläche eines Kranturmelements (Mastschuss) liegt. Der Querschnitt verläuft in einer Ebene, die senkrecht zur Längsrichtung des Kranturms steht. Die Querschnittsfläche wird vorzugsweise durch dasjenige Mastelement bestimmt, das eine direkte Verbindung mit der Kranturmbasis aufweist. As a coupling element, each rigidly projecting from the crane tower element can be considered, which has a point outside the defined by the multiple corner posts of a crane cross-sectional area. It is typical for a coupling element that it has a rigid connection to the crane tower and has a basically rigid base structure. Preferably comes as a coupling element of a crane tower attached to the crane tower bracket, a transition piece to another crane tower type or a ball slewing bearing in question. As already explained above, it is advantageous if the point in connection with the tension element lies outside a cross-sectional area of a crane element (mast shot). The cross section extends in a plane which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower. The cross-sectional area is preferably determined by the mast element having a direct connection to the crane base.
Weist das mit der Kranturmbasis in Verbindung stehende Kranelement also eine kleinere Querschnittsfläche auf als ein darüber angeordneter Mastschuss ist eine Verbindung des Zugelements an Punkten, die über die Querschnittsfläche des mit der Kranturmbasis in Verbindung stehenden Mastschusses hinausgehen von der Erfindung umfasst. If the crane element connected to the crane base has a smaller cross-sectional area than a mast section arranged above it, a connection of the tension element is at points that extend beyond the cross-sectional area of the the tower base in associated mast shot beyond the invention.
Vorzugsweise steht das Koppelelement, das mit einem Ende des Zugelements verbunden ist, vom Kranturm ab. Vorteilhafterweise steht es einer zur Längsrichtung des Kranturms senkrechten Richtung ab. Preferably, the coupling element, which is connected to one end of the tension element, from the crane tower. Advantageously, it stands out from a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower.
Nach einem weiteren optionalen, vorteilhaften Merkmal verläuft das Zugelement in etwa parallel zur Längsrichtung des Kranturms, bei einem Turmdrehkran also in etwa parallel zur Vertikalen. Diese Anordnung des Zugelements führt zu einer platzsparenden Umsetzung der Erfindung, da hierbei eine kompakte Kranturmbasis die Umsetzung der Erfindung begleitet. Zudem ist mit einem parallel zur Längsrichtung des Kranturms verlaufenden Zugelement der Materialeinsatz für das Zugelement bezogen auf eine maximal zu erreichende Höhe minimal. According to a further optional, advantageous feature, the tension element runs approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower, that is to say in a tower crane approximately parallel to the vertical. This arrangement of the tension element leads to a space-saving implementation of the invention, since in this case a compact Kranturmbasis accompanied the implementation of the invention. In addition, with a running parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower tension element of the material used for the tension element based on a maximum height to be achieved minimal.
Vorzugsweise umfasst der erfindungsgemäße Kranturm ein zweites Zugelement, das insbesondere so angeordnet ist, dass es zusammen mit dem ersten Zugelement in einer gemeinsamen Ebene liegt, die die Längsrichtung des Kranturms enthält oder zur Längsrichtung des Kranturms parallel ist. Durch Vorsehen eines zweiten Zugelements ist es möglich, die Biegemomente, die auf den Kran einwirken, in mehr als einer Richtung zu kompensieren. Dem Fachmann ist klar, dass die vorliegende Erfindung nicht auf maximal zwei Zugelemente beschränkt ist. Vielmehr ist das Vorsehen weiterer Zugelemente sinnvoll, um auftretende Biegekräfte aus mehreren Richtungen mit Hilfe von mehreren Zugelementen zu kompensieren beziehungsweise abzuschwächen. Preferably, the crane tower according to the invention comprises a second traction element, which is arranged in particular so that it lies together with the first traction element in a common plane which contains the longitudinal direction of the crane tower or parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower. By providing a second tension member, it is possible to compensate for the bending moments acting on the crane in more than one direction. The skilled person will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to a maximum of two tension members. Rather, the provision of further tension elements is useful in order to compensate or mitigate occurring bending forces from several directions with the aid of several tension elements.
Eine zusätzliche vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung beschreibt, dass das erste Zugelement und das zweite Zugelement spiegelsymmetrisch zu einer Spiegelebene angeordnet sind, wobei die Spiegelebene vorzugsweise durch die Längsachse des Kranturms verläuft. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es auch möglich, dass das erste und das zweite Zugelement jeweils mit einem zugehörigen (für jedes der Zugelemente separat vorhandenen) Koppelelement verbunden ist. Vorzugsweise ist auch möglich, dass beide Zugelemente parallel zur Längsachse des Kranturms verlaufen. An additional advantageous development of the invention describes that the first tension member and the second tension member are arranged mirror-symmetrically to a mirror plane, wherein the mirror plane preferably extends through the longitudinal axis of the crane tower. In this connection, it is also possible that the first and the second tension element are each connected to an associated (for each of the tension elements separately present) coupling element. Preferably, too possible that both tension elements are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the crane tower.
Dabei ist eine Ausführung des Zugelements als ein ummanteltes hochfestes Faserseil denkbar, wobei das Faserseil vorzugsweise Aramidfasern enthält. Diese hochfesten, ummantelten Faserseile sind besonders tragfest und widerstandfähig und können in einfacher Weise in der Tragfähigkeit an die geforderten Eigenschaften angepasst werden. Zudem besitzen sie ein äußerst geringes Gewicht und sind aufgrund ihrer Flexibilität ideal geeignet, um längere Zugglieder auszubilden. Zudem lassen sie sich vorzugsweise in einem aufgetrommelten Zustand transportieren und mit geringem Montageaufwand installieren. Dies führt zu Einsparungen beim Transport des Krans und bei der Montage. In this case, an embodiment of the tension element is conceivable as a sheathed high-strength fiber rope, wherein the fiber rope preferably contains aramid fibers. These high-strength, sheathed fiber ropes are particularly durable and resistant and can be adapted in a simple manner in the carrying capacity to the required properties. In addition, they have a very low weight and are due to their flexibility ideally suited to form longer tension members. In addition, they can preferably be transported in a drummed state and installed with little installation effort. This leads to savings in transporting the crane and during assembly.
Vorzugsweise ist auch eine Konstruktion eines Kranturms denkbar, die mehrere vom Kranturm abstehende in einer Höhenrichtung übereinander angeordnete Koppelelemente aufweist und bei denen das Zugelement von einem nächsthöheren Koppelelement zu einem darunterliegenden Koppelement verläuft, beziehungsweise mit diesem verbunden ist. Preferably, a construction of a crane tower is conceivable having a plurality of projecting from the crane tower in a height direction superposed coupling elements and in which the tension element extends from a next higher coupling element to an underlying coupling element, or is connected thereto.
Hierbei ist als Kranturmbasis derjenige Abschnitt des Kranturms zu sehen, der mit dem unter einem nächsthöheren Koppelelement liegenden Koppelelement in Verbindung steht. Es erstreckt sich ein Kranturmelement, das vorzugsweise einem Mastschuss gleicht, von der Kranturmbasis nach oben und wird mit der Kranturmbasis über ein Zugelement verbunden. Man kann also von mehreren Verspan- nungsebenen sprechen, wobei einander angrenzende Ebenen durch ein Zugelement miteinander verbunden sind. Diese Umsetzung der Erfindung bietet sich insbesondere bei Kranen an, die kletterfähig sind. So ist es möglich, bei einer bestimmten erreichten Höhe einen Kranturm nach der Erfindung umzusetzen, ihn also mit einem Zugelement auszustatten, und die Zugelemente mit steigender Höhe des Krans ebenfalls mitklettern zu lassen. Die Erfindung betrifft zudem einen Turmdrehkran mit einem Kranturm nach einer der vorstehenden Ausführungen, wobei der Turmdrehkran vorzugsweise ein obendrehender Turmdrehkran ist. Here is to be seen as Kranturmbasis that portion of the crane tower, which is in communication with the lying below a next higher coupling element coupling element. It extends a Kranturmelement, which preferably equals a mast shot, from the Kranturmbasis upwards and is connected to the Kranturmbasis via a tension element. One can therefore speak of several stress levels, wherein adjacent planes are connected to each other by a tension element. This implementation of the invention is particularly suitable for cranes that are capable of climbing. Thus, it is possible to implement at a certain height achieved a crane tower according to the invention, so equip it with a tension element, and also let the traction elements climb with increasing height of the crane. The invention further relates to a tower crane with a crane tower according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the tower crane is preferably a top-rotating tower crane.
Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten werden im Folgenden anhand in den Zeichnungen dargestellter Ausführungsformen im Einzelnen beschrieben. Es zeigen: Further advantages and details are described below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings in detail. Show it:
Fig. 1 : eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Kranturms, 1 is a side view of a crane tower according to the invention,
Fig. 2: eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Kranturms in einer Seitenansicht, und 2 shows a further embodiment of the crane tower according to the invention in a side view, and
Fig. 3: einen obendrehenden Turmdrehkran mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Fig. 3: a top rotating tower crane with an inventive
Kranturm in einer Seitenansicht.  Crane tower in a side view.
Fig. 1 zeigt einen Kranturm 1 , der an einer Kranturmbasis 2 befestigt ist. Die Kranturmbasis 2 weist eine zu dem Kranturm 1 zugewandte Oberseite auf, die ein ähnliches Niveau wie den die Kranturmbasis 2 umgebenden Boden 7 besitzt. In einer von der Kranturmbasis 2 beabstandeten Höhe weist der Kranturm 1 Koppelelemente 5 auf, die von dem Kranturm 1 abstehen. Jedes Koppelelement 5 weist ein zugehöriges Zugelement 3; 4 auf, das das Koppelelement 5 mit der Kranturmbasis 2 verbindet. Das Zugelement 3; 4 verläuft von seinem Verbindungspunkt mit dem Koppelelement 5 nach unten, im Wesentlichen parallel zur Längsrichtung des Kranturms 1. Alternativ hierzu kann das Zugelement 3; 4 von seinem Verbindungspunkt mit dem Koppelelement 5 aber auch in hier nicht dargestellter Art und Weise schräg bzw.„über Kreuz" zur Kranturmbasis 2 verlaufen. Durch das Verspannen des Zugelements, kann der Kranturm 1 entsprechend höhere Biegekräfte aufnehmen, wodurch eine kleinere Dimensionierung der starren Kranturmelemente bei gleichbleibender Biegefestigkeit möglich ist. Dies führt zu einem einfacheren Transport des Kranaufbaus. Fig. 2 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Kranturm in einer Seitenansicht. Man erkennt mehrere höhenmäßig voneinander beabstandete Koppelelemente 5, 52, 53, die von dem Kranturm 1 abstehen. Die übereinander angeordneten Koppelelemente 5, 52, 53 stehen mit einem jeweils zugehörigen Zugelement 3; 4, 32; 42, 33; 43 in Verbindung. Bei jedem in einer bestimmten Höhe des Kranturms 1 angeordneten Koppelelement 5, 52, 53 kann man deswegen von einer Verspannungsebene sprechen. Nach dieser Ausführungsform wird eine nächsthöhere Verspannungsebene, die bereits eine darunter liegende Verspannungsebene aufweist, mit der darunter liegenden Spannungsebene durch ein Zugelement 4; 3 verbunden. Fig. 1 shows a crane tower 1, which is fixed to a crane tower 2. The crane base 2 has an upper side facing the crane tower 1, which has a similar level to the floor 7 surrounding the crane base 2. In a height which is at a distance from the crane base 2, the crane tower 1 has coupling elements 5 which protrude from the crane tower 1. Each coupling element 5 has an associated tension element 3; 4, which connects the coupling element 5 with the crane base 2. The tension element 3; 4 extends from its point of connection with the coupling element 5 downwards, substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower 1. Alternatively, the tension element 3; 4 from its connection point with the coupling element 5 but also in a manner not shown here obliquely or "crosswise" to the crane base 2. By bracing the tension element, the crane tower 1 can accommodate correspondingly higher bending forces, whereby a smaller dimensioning of the rigid Crane tower elements with constant bending strength is possible .This leads to an easier transport of the crane body. Fig. 2 shows a crane tower according to the invention in a side view. It can be seen a plurality of height moderately spaced coupling elements 5, 52, 53, which protrude from the crane tower 1. The superimposed coupling elements 5, 52, 53 are connected to a respective associated tension element 3; 4, 32; 42, 33; 43 in connection. For each arranged at a certain height of the crane tower 1 coupling element 5, 52, 53 can therefore speak of a bracing plane. According to this embodiment, a next higher clamping plane, which already has an underlying clamping plane, with the underlying voltage level by a tension element 4; 3 connected.
Dies bietet insbesondere bei Kranen an, die durch ein Klettern in ihrer Höhe vergrößert werden. Dabei wird in einem ersten Schritt ein Koppelelement 5 über ein Zugelement 3; 4 mit einer Kranturmbasis 2 verbunden. Die am nähesten zum Boden 7 angeordneten Koppelelemente 5 bilden die erste Verspannungsebene. Sollte der Kranturm 1 darüber hinaus weiter an Höhe gewinnen, sodass eine weitere Ver- spannung des Kranturms 1 sinnvoll ist, bildet die erste Verspannungsebene die Kranturmbasis 22 für die darüber liegende Verspannungsebene. So wird das Koppelelement 52 mit Hilfe eines Zugelements 32; 42 an der Kranturmbasis 22 verbunden. Selbiges gilt für eine zur zweiten Verspannungsebene darüber angeordneten dritten Verspannungsebene, deren Koppelelement 53 über ein entsprechendes Zugelement 33; 43 an eine Kranturmbasis 23 befestigt werden. Dadurch ist es möglich, dass die Zugelemente ähnlich wie ein Klettern eines Kranturms 1 in der Höhe mitwachsen. This offers especially in cranes that are increased by climbing in height. In this case, in a first step, a coupling element 5 via a tension element 3; 4 connected to a crane base 2. The closest to the bottom 7 arranged coupling elements 5 form the first clamping plane. Should the crane tower 1 continue to increase in height so that further tensioning of the crane tower 1 is expedient, the first bracing plane forms the crane base 22 for the overlying bracing plane. Thus, the coupling element 52 by means of a tension member 32; 42 connected to the crane base 22. The same applies to a third clamping plane arranged above the second clamping plane, the coupling element 53 of which via a corresponding tension element 33; 43 are attached to a Kranturmbasis 23. As a result, it is possible for the tension elements to grow in height similarly to climbing a crane tower 1.
Fig. 3 zeigt einen oben drehenden Turmdrehkran 6 mit einem Kranturm 1 der vorliegenden Erfindung. Die Kranturmbasis 2 ist in dieser Ausführungsform ein Fundamentkreuz beziehungsweise ein Unterwagen. Dieses Fundamentkreuz beziehungsweise dieser Unterwagen steht in Verbindung mit einem Zugelement 3; 4, das zu einem Koppelelement 5 reicht. Fig. 3 shows an overhead turning tower crane 6 with a crane tower 1 of the present invention. The crane base 2 in this embodiment is a foundation cross or an undercarriage. This foundation cross or this undercarriage is in connection with a tension element 3; 4, which extends to a coupling element 5.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Kranturm (1), umfassend: 1. Crane tower (1) comprising:
eine Kranturmbasis (2), an der ein Kranturm (1) befestigt ist und von der sich der Kranturm (1) nach oben erstreckt, und  a crane base (2) to which a crane tower (1) is attached and from which the crane tower (1) extends upwards, and
ein Zugelement (3; 4) zum Verspannen des Kranturms (1) an der Kranturmbasis (2), wobei das Zugelement (3; 4) an einem seiner beiden Enden mit der Kranturmbasis (2) und an seinem jeweiligen anderen Ende mit dem Kranturm (1) oder mit einem mit dem Kranturm (1) verbundenen Koppelelement (5) verbunden ist,  a tension member (3; 4) for bracing the crane tower (1) to the crane base (2), the tension member (3; 4) being connected at both ends to the crane base (2) and at its respective other end to the crane tower (3). 1) or connected to a coupling element (5) connected to the crane tower (1),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
das Zugelement (3; 4) außerhalb des Kranturms (1) verläuft.  the tension element (3; 4) extends outside the crane tower (1).
2. Kranturm (1) nach Anspruch 1 , wobei das Koppelelement (5), das mit einem Ende des Zugelements (3; 4) verbunden ist, vom Kranturm (1) absteht, vorzugsweise in einer zur Längsrichtung des Kranturms (1) senkrechten Richtung. 2. Crane tower (1) according to claim 1, wherein the coupling element (5), which is connected to one end of the tension element (3; 4), projects from the crane tower (1), preferably in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower (1) ,
3. Kranturm (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Zugelement (3; 4) in etwa parallel zur Längsrichtung des Kranturms (1) verläuft. 3. Crane tower (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tension element (3; 4) extends approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower (1).
4. Kranturm (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, ferner umfassend ein zweites Zugelement (4), wobei vorzugsweise das zweite Zugelement (4) zusammen mit dem ersten Zugelement (3) in einer gemeinsamen Ebene liegt, die die Längsrichtung des Kranturms (1) enthält oder zur Längsrichtung des Kranturms (1) parallel ist. 4. Crane tower (1) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a second tension element (4), wherein preferably the second tension element (4) together with the first tension element (3) lies in a common plane which is the longitudinal direction of the crane tower (1 ) or parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower (1).
5. Kranturm (1) nach Anspruch 5, wobei das erste Zugelement (3) und das zweite Zugelement (4) spiegelsymmetrisch zu einer Spiegelebene angeordnet sind, und vorzugsweise die Spiegelebene durch die Längsachse des Kranturms (1) verläuft. 5. Crane tower (1) according to claim 5, wherein the first tension element (3) and the second tension element (4) are arranged mirror-symmetrically to a mirror plane, and preferably the mirror plane through the longitudinal axis of the crane tower (1).
6. Kranturm (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, wobei das erste Zugelement (3) und das zweite Zugelement (4) jeweils mit einem zugehörigen Koppelelement (5) verbunden sind. 6. Crane tower (1) according to one of claims 4 or 5, wherein the first tension element (3) and the second tension element (4) are each connected to an associated coupling element (5).
7. Kranturm (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Kranturmbasis (2) ein Kranfundament, ein Fundamentkreuz oder ein Unterwagen sein kann. 7. Crane tower (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the crane base (2) may be a crane foundation, a foundation cross or an undercarriage.
8. Kranturm (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Koppelelement (5) eine am Kranturm (1) angebaute Konsole, ein Übergangsstück auf einen anderen Kranturmtyp oder eine Kugeldrehkranzauflage sein kann. 8. Crane tower (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the coupling element (5) on the crane tower (1) attached console, a transition piece can be on another crane tower type or a slewing ring bearing.
9. Kranturm (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei jedes Zugelement ein ummanteltes hochfestes Faserseil umfasst, wobei das Faserseil vorzugsweise Aramidfasern enthält. 9. Crane tower (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each tension element comprises a sheathed high-strength fiber rope, wherein the fiber rope preferably contains aramid fibers.
10. Turmdrehkran (6) mit einem Kranturm (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Turmdrehkran vorzugsweise ein obendrehender Turmdrehkran ist. 10. Tower crane (6) with a crane tower (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tower crane is preferably a top-rotating tower crane.
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DE102015003982A1 (en) 2016-09-29
CN107531464A (en) 2018-01-02
US20180044147A1 (en) 2018-02-15
WO2016150570A1 (en) 2016-09-29
US10392233B2 (en) 2019-08-27
CN107531464B (en) 2021-06-29
EP3274288B1 (en) 2023-01-04

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