EP3316268B1 - Transformer with heated radiator element - Google Patents

Transformer with heated radiator element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3316268B1
EP3316268B1 EP17193689.1A EP17193689A EP3316268B1 EP 3316268 B1 EP3316268 B1 EP 3316268B1 EP 17193689 A EP17193689 A EP 17193689A EP 3316268 B1 EP3316268 B1 EP 3316268B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
heat exchange
boiler
heat
heated
radiator
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EP17193689.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3316268A1 (en
Inventor
Florian BACHINGER
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Siemens Energy Austria GmbH
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Siemens Energy Austria GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12—Oil cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/02—Casings
    • H01F27/025—Constructional details relating to cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/16—Water cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical device for connection to a high-voltage network with a tank which is filled with an insulating fluid and in which a magnetizable core and at least one winding surrounding a section of the core are arranged, and a cooling system which comprises at least one radiator which arranged outside the boiler and connected to it for circulating the insulating fluid via the radiator, the radiator having at least two heat exchange members connected in parallel, only one of the heat exchange members as a heated heat exchange member being in thermally conductive connection with a heat source which is activated when the operation of the electrical device generates heat.
  • the invention also relates to a method for cold starting an electrical device that has a tank that is filled with an insulating fluid and in which a magnetizable core and at least one winding enclosing a section of the core are arranged, and a cooling system that includes at least one radiator , which is arranged outside the boiler and connected to it for circulating the insulating fluid via the radiator, the radiator having at least two heat exchange members connected in parallel, in which only one of the heat exchange members is heated as a heated heat exchange member with the aid of a heat source.
  • Such an electrical device and such a method are from US Pat DE 19816650 A1 already known.
  • a mast transformer is described which is designed as a so-called hermetic transformer.
  • Hermetic transformers have a tank which is encapsulated gas-tight from the outside atmosphere and which is filled with an insulating fluid such as a mineral oil. Volume fluctuations due to temperature are received either by bulging the tank or by the compression of a gas cushion provided in the tank.
  • the mast transformer has two cooling channels for cooling, one cooling channel being of a larger caliber than the other.
  • the DE 317 410 A discloses an electrical device having a tank filled with an insulating fluid.
  • An active part extends inside the tank, which generates heat and has to be cooled during operation.
  • a circulation pipe is provided which extends from the upper area of the tank to the lower area and is equipped with a heating coil. The heating coil ensures a forced convection of the oil bath, so that the entire oil bath is circulated through the circulation pipe and participates in the cooling of the active part.
  • Transformers usually have a tank filled with insulating fluid in which a magnetizable core is arranged.
  • the core forms a leg which is arranged concentrically to a low-voltage and high-voltage winding surrounding it.
  • the insulating fluid is used to electrically isolate the windings which are at high voltage potential when the electrical device is in operation, from the boiler which is at ground potential.
  • the insulating fluid provides the necessary cooling for the windings.
  • the insulating fluid heated by the windings is circulated via radiators attached to the outside of the boiler.
  • the viscosity of the insulating fluid is temperature-dependent and increases very sharply with falling temperatures. Due to the increased viscosity, the circulation of the insulating fluid over the radiator (s) is impaired at low outside temperatures, below -10 ° C. This is particularly problematic after the electrical device has been inactive for a long time, since the insulating fluid is then completely cooled down.
  • the height Viscosity must be taken into account with regard to the reduced cooling capacity of the cooling system when the electrical device is cold started, otherwise the windings can be overheated.
  • a transformer is started with no load or under reduced load. If the electrical device has active cooling, pumps for circulating the insulating fluid via the radiator can only be switched on when the insulating fluid in the boiler has exceeded a minimum temperature threshold. In some cases, however, this temperature threshold is only reached after a few days.
  • esters and silicone oils are increasingly being used in electrical devices of the type mentioned above.
  • Ester oils as insulating fluids have improved environmental compatibility.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an electrical device and a method of the type mentioned at the beginning with which a cold start can be accelerated cost-effectively and can also be carried out at lower temperatures.
  • the invention solves this problem based on the aforementioned electrical device in that the heat source is the boiler filled with insulating fluid, the boiler and / or the insulating fluid being connected in a thermally conductive manner to the heated heat exchange member via at least one heat pipe.
  • the invention achieves the object in that the heated heat exchange element is heated by means of at least one heat pipe through the boiler which heats up during cold starting, with each heat pipe is placed between the boiler and the heated heat exchange member.
  • an electrical device which, in order to facilitate the cold start, uses the thermal energy provided by a heat source in order to specifically heat a single heat exchange element of a radiator.
  • the heated heat exchange element is warmed up, so that here the insulating fluid is initially passed exclusively over the heated heat exchange element after a cold start after a short time.
  • the circulation of the heated insulating fluid over the heated heat exchange element ensures an additional temperature increase there. From the heat exchange member heated in this way, the heat is gradually transferred to the other heat exchange members.
  • the heating of a single heat exchange element is sufficient to initiate the heating of the electrical device.
  • the additional effort in the production of the electrical device or the implementation of the method according to the invention is therefore limited to a minimum. According to the invention, high additional costs are avoided.
  • the invention enables the use of alternative insulating fluids in colder climates.
  • the cooling system can be a so-called active cooling system, which has pumps for circulating the insulating fluid over the radiator or radiators.
  • the cooling system can also be a passive cooling system in which the movement of the insulating fluid is caused exclusively by thermal lift.
  • the insulating fluid heated by the winding or windings rises due to its lower density compared to the heated fluid and is replaced by colder insulating fluid flowing in afterwards.
  • the weight difference between the differently heated columns of liquid in the winding channels or in the boiler on the one hand and the cooling system on the other hand creates a pressure difference, which serves as the driving force of the fluid circuit.
  • the circulation in the cooling system begins by heating the insulating fluid in the heated heat exchange element, since the resistance in the form of a highly viscous insulating fluid is reduced to such an extent that the driving pressure difference gets the circuit going.
  • the heating reaches a temperature level that allows the pumps to be switched on more quickly.
  • the current required by the pump during a cold start is reduced.
  • the term heat exchange member is to be understood in the context of the invention as a hollow body through which the insulating fluid is passed.
  • the outside of the heat exchange element is in thermally conductive contact with the outside atmosphere, so that the heat of the heated insulating fluid can be given off to the outside atmosphere via the wall of the heat exchange element.
  • the heat exchange element consists of a material with a high thermal conductivity, for example an appropriate metal.
  • the heat exchange is further improved when the heat exchange member forms a large heat exchange surface.
  • the heat exchange element in other words the radiator element, is designed in the form of a plate and has plates or panels arranged parallel to one another. The panels can each delimit meandering flow channels through which the insulating fluid is guided.
  • each heat exchange member is tubular and has one or more parallel to each other switched tubular heat exchange elements.
  • Tubular elements also have a large surface area.
  • the radiators can be equipped with fans or ventilators with which the cooling of the insulating fluid can be further improved.
  • the heat source is the boiler filled with insulating fluid, the boiler and / or the insulating fluid being / is connected in a thermally conductive manner to the heated heat exchange member via at least one heat pipe.
  • a separate electrical heating source has become superfluous. Rather, the heating of the boiler that occurs when the operation is started under reduced load is used to reduce the viscosity of the insulating fluid in the heated heat exchange element.
  • the electrical device is started while idling, with the core essentially heating up.
  • the heated winding ensures that the insulating fluid surrounding it is heated, and the usual convection ensures that the boiler housing is heated.
  • Heat present in the boiler or in the insulating fluid is transferred to the heated heat exchange element by means of at least one heat pipe.
  • Heat pipes so-called “heat pipes”, essentially have a hermetically encapsulated housing in which a working medium, such as water, is in the liquid and gaseous phase.
  • a capillary structure is also arranged in the heat pipe. If the heat pipe is heated at its heat-absorbing end, the liquid present there evaporates and reaches the colder heat-dissipating end via the gas phase. This is where a condensation process sets in, releasing heat. The condensed liquid working medium is transported back to the heat-absorbing end of the heat pipe via the inner capillary structure.
  • a heat pipe is therefore a heat exchanger with which high heat flows can be transferred with a small temperature difference.
  • the or each heat pipe is either connected in a thermally conductive manner to the insulating fluid inside the boiler or to the boiler itself.
  • the heat of the insulating fluid or the boiler ensures that the working medium evaporates within the heat pipe and transports the gaseous working medium to the colder end of the heat pipe, which, due to the heat-conducting connection, releases the enthalpy of condensation to the heated heat exchange element due to the heat-conducting connection.
  • each heat pipe is in contact with its heat absorbing end with the outer wall of the boiler, the heat output end of the heat pipe being in contact with the heated heat exchange element.
  • the heat pipe is in direct contact with the boiler and the heated heat exchange element. If a heat pipe is arranged on the outside of the boiler, the oil compatibility of the heat pipe does not have to be checked. Furthermore a risk to the electrical device as a result of damage to the heat pipe is also excluded.
  • heat pipes are advantageously provided within the scope of this variant.
  • electrical devices such as transformers or chokes, which are set up for connection to a high-voltage network, with heat pipes attached to the outside of the boiler in order to keep the cold start behavior of the respective transformer or choke in the frame to improve the method according to the invention.
  • Each radiator expediently has an upper inlet and a lower return, which are each connected to the boiler via the heat exchange elements, the heated heat exchange element being at the smallest distance from the boiler.
  • the heat exchange element with the smallest distance from the boiler is also referred to in the context of the invention as the innermost heat exchange element. Because of the small distance, the innermost heat exchange element can be heated easily and inexpensively.
  • heat pipes i.e. at least two heat pipes
  • several heat pipes are provided which extend in the area of the upper inlet and optionally also in the area of the lower return between the heated heat exchange element and the boiler.
  • a natural flow only occurs in the heated heat exchange element if the temperature of the insulating fluid in the external radiator is lower than the temperature of the insulating fluid in the boiler. Excessive heating of the heated heat exchange element could therefore lead to a reduced circulation speed.
  • the heated heat exchange member is at least partially enclosed by a heat damping layer. This thermal insulation simplifies and accelerates the heating of the insulating fluid in the heated heat exchange element.
  • the cooling system is expediently a passive cooling system.
  • passive cooling systems do not have any pumps, radiators or the like.
  • the cooling system is an active cooling system, in particular radiators or radiator batteries with fans or fans being used within the scope of the invention.
  • the electrical device preferably has a cooling system which has several radiators, but only one radiator is equipped with a heated heat exchange element.
  • the heated heat exchange member accelerates the heating of the first radiator. From this, however, the warming radiates to the other radiators in the cooling system.
  • the heated heat exchange element is heated with the aid of an electrical heating source. It is particularly useful here if the electrical heating source forms heating wires.
  • the heated heat exchange element is heated by means of at least one heat pipe through the boiler which heats up during cold starting, each heat pipe being arranged between the boiler and the heated heat exchange element.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a commercially available radiator 1 in a schematic side view. It can be seen that the radiator 1 has an upper inlet 2 which is hydraulically connected to a return 4 via heat exchange or radiator members 3. The inlet 2 and the return 4 each have an inlet and outlet opening pointing to the left, via which the radiator 1 after its assembly with the interior of an in Figure 1 communicates boiler not shown.
  • the insulating fluid of the said boiler can then be circulated via the inlet 2, the heat exchange members 3 and the return 4 via the radiator 1 with its heat exchange members 3.
  • the heat exchange members 3 are made of a thermally conductive material, such as a metal, and are in thermal contact with the outside atmosphere. If the insulating fluid is passed over the heat exchange elements, heat is thus given off from the heated insulating fluid to the colder outside atmosphere.
  • FIG 2 shows a heat exchange member 3 in an end view. It can be seen that the heat exchange members 3 are plate-shaped. In other words, the in Figure 1
  • the radiator 1 shown is a so-called plate radiator.
  • the plate-shaped heat exchange members 3 each delimit flow channels through which the insulating fluid circulated via the heat exchange members 3 is guided. Finally, the insulating fluid arrives in the collecting return line 4 and from there arrives back into the interior of the boiler as a cooled insulating fluid.
  • FIG 3 shows an embodiment of the electrical device 5 according to the invention, which is designed here as a transformer.
  • the transformer 5 has a tank 6 which is filled with an insulating fluid 7.
  • a magnetizable core 8 and windings 9 are arranged in the boiler 6, of which in the Figure 3 however, only one winding is indicated schematically.
  • the windings 9 here include a so-called high-voltage winding and a so-called low-voltage winding, which are arranged concentrically to a leg 10 as a core 8.
  • the mode of operation of such a transformer is known to the person skilled in the art, so that it will not be discussed in more detail at this point.
  • the necessary connection lines for connecting the windings to a high-voltage network are also not shown in the figures for reasons of clarity.
  • the transformer 5 is equipped with a cooling system 11 attached to the outside of the boiler 6, which here only has a radiator 1 according to FIG Figure 1 includes. It can be seen that the inlet 2 and the return 4 open into the interior of the boiler 6. Since the inlet 2 and the return 4 are connected to one another via heat exchange members 3, the insulating fluid 7 can be circulated via the radiator.
  • the insulating fluid 7 After the electrical device 5 has been idle for a long time, the insulating fluid 7 has cooled down completely. In particular at low outside temperatures, for example in the range from -10 to -50 degrees, the insulating fluid 7 has such a high viscosity, in other words it is so viscous that it is no longer circulated via the radiator 1 even after a longer start-up process. For this reason, the heat pipes 13 are provided with which an improved heat transfer between the boiler 6 and the innermost heat exchange member 12 is provided. Thus, within the scope of the invention, the high-voltage winding of the windings 9 can be connected to the high-voltage network.
  • the low-voltage winding is applied to a resistor suitable for this purpose, so that the transformer 5 is not operated under full load. This leads to a gradual heating of the insulating fluid 7 and thus the outer wall of the boiler 6. Some of the heat generated is transferred by means of the heat pipes 13 to the heated heat exchange member 12, which is thus heated including the insulating fluid 7 arranged therein. The temperature of the heated heat exchange member 12 is thus higher than that of the heat exchange members 13 located further out. The viscosity of the insulating fluid in the heated heat exchange member therefore decreases.
  • the load regulation during a cold start can be arbitrary within the scope of the invention. Notwithstanding the abovementioned implementations of the cold start, the electrical device according to the invention can also be started under full load.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisches Gerät zum Anschluss an ein Hochspannungsnetz mit einem Kessel, der mit einem Isolierfluid befüllt ist und in dem ein magnetisierbarer Kern und wenigstens eine einen Abschnitt des Kerns umschließende Wicklung angeordnet sind, und einer Kühlanlage, die wenigstens einen Radiator umfasst, der außerhalb des Kessels angeordnet und mit diesem zum Umwälzen des Isolierfluids über den Radiator verbunden ist, wobei der Radiator wenigstens zwei einander parallel geschaltete Wärmeaustauschglieder aufweist, wobei nur eines der Wärmeaustauschglieder als beheiztes Wärmeaustauschglied in wärmeleitender Verbindung mit einer Wärmequelle steht, die beim Starten des Betriebs des elektrischen Geräts Wärme erzeugt.The invention relates to an electrical device for connection to a high-voltage network with a tank which is filled with an insulating fluid and in which a magnetizable core and at least one winding surrounding a section of the core are arranged, and a cooling system which comprises at least one radiator which arranged outside the boiler and connected to it for circulating the insulating fluid via the radiator, the radiator having at least two heat exchange members connected in parallel, only one of the heat exchange members as a heated heat exchange member being in thermally conductive connection with a heat source which is activated when the operation of the electrical device generates heat.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zum Kaltstarten eines elektrischen Geräts, das einen Kessel, der mit einem Isolierfluid befüllt ist und in dem ein magnetisierbarer Kern und wenigstens eine einen Abschnitt des Kerns umschließende Wicklung angeordnet sind, und eine Kühlanlage aufweist, die wenigstens einen Radiator umfasst, der außerhalb des Kessels angeordnet und mit diesem zum Umwälzen des Isolierfluids über den Radiator verbunden ist, wobei der Radiator wenigstens zwei einander parallel geschaltete Wärmeaustauschglieder aufweist, bei dem nur eines der Wärmeaustauschglieder als beheiztes Wärmeaustauschglied mit Hilfe einer Wärmequelle erwärmt wird.The invention also relates to a method for cold starting an electrical device that has a tank that is filled with an insulating fluid and in which a magnetizable core and at least one winding enclosing a section of the core are arranged, and a cooling system that includes at least one radiator , which is arranged outside the boiler and connected to it for circulating the insulating fluid via the radiator, the radiator having at least two heat exchange members connected in parallel, in which only one of the heat exchange members is heated as a heated heat exchange member with the aid of a heat source.

Ein solches elektrisches Gerät und ein solches Verfahren sind aus der DE 19816650 A1 bereits bekannt. Dort ist ein Masttransformator beschrieben, der als sogenannter Hermetiktransformator ausgeführt ist. Hermetiktransformatoren verfügen über einen gegenüber der Außenatmosphäre gasdicht abgekapselten Tank, der mit einem Isolierfluid wie beispielsweise einem mineralischem Öl befüllt ist. Temperaturbedingte Volumenschwankungen werden entweder durch ein Auswölben des Tankes oder durch die Kompression eines in dem Tank vorgesehenen Gaskissens aufgenommen. Zur Kühlung verfügt der Masttransformator über zwei Kühlkanäle, wobei ein Kühlkanal großkalibriger ausgebildet ist als der andere.Such an electrical device and such a method are from US Pat DE 19816650 A1 already known. There a mast transformer is described which is designed as a so-called hermetic transformer. Hermetic transformers have a tank which is encapsulated gas-tight from the outside atmosphere and which is filled with an insulating fluid such as a mineral oil. Volume fluctuations due to temperature are received either by bulging the tank or by the compression of a gas cushion provided in the tank. The mast transformer has two cooling channels for cooling, one cooling channel being of a larger caliber than the other.

Die DE 317 410 A offenbart ein elektrisches Gerät mit einem Tank, der mit einem Isolierfluid befüllt ist. Innerhalb des Tanks erstreckt sich ein Aktivteil, das beim Betrieb Wärme erzeugt und gekühlt werden muss. Um das gesamte Öl in dem Tank am Kühlkreislauf teilhaben zu lassen, ist ein Umlaufrohr vorgesehen, das sich von dem oberen Bereich des Tanks zum unteren Bereich hin erstreckt und mit einer Heizspirale ausgerüstet ist. Die Heizspirale sorgt für eine erzwungene Konvektion des Ölbads, so dass das gesamte Ölbad über das Umlaufrohr umgewälzt wird und an der Kühlung des Aktivteils teilnimmt.The DE 317 410 A discloses an electrical device having a tank filled with an insulating fluid. An active part extends inside the tank, which generates heat and has to be cooled during operation. In order to allow all of the oil in the tank to participate in the cooling circuit, a circulation pipe is provided which extends from the upper area of the tank to the lower area and is equipped with a heating coil. The heating coil ensures a forced convection of the oil bath, so that the entire oil bath is circulated through the circulation pipe and participates in the cooling of the active part.

Transformatoren weisen üblicherweise einen mit Isolierfluid befüllten Kessel auf, in dem ein magnetisierbarer Kern angeordnet ist. Der Kern bildet einen Schenkel aus, der konzentrisch zu einer diesen umschließenden Unterspannungs- und Oberspannungswicklung angeordnet ist. Das Isolierfluid dient zur elektrischen Isolierung der beim Betrieb des elektrischen Geräts auf einem Hochspannungspotential liegenden Wicklungen gegenüber dem auf Erdpotential liegenden Kessel. Darüber hinaus stellt das Isolierfluid die notwendige Kühlung der Wicklungen bereit. Hierzu wird das von den Wicklungen erwärmte Isolierfluid über außen an dem Kessel angebrachte Radiatoren umgewälzt.Transformers usually have a tank filled with insulating fluid in which a magnetizable core is arranged. The core forms a leg which is arranged concentrically to a low-voltage and high-voltage winding surrounding it. The insulating fluid is used to electrically isolate the windings which are at high voltage potential when the electrical device is in operation, from the boiler which is at ground potential. In addition, the insulating fluid provides the necessary cooling for the windings. For this purpose, the insulating fluid heated by the windings is circulated via radiators attached to the outside of the boiler.

Die Viskosität des Isolierfluids ist temperaturabhängig und steigt bei abfallenden Temperaturen sehr stark an. Aufgrund der erhöhten Viskosität ist bei tiefen Außentemperaturen, unter -10°C, die Zirkulation des Isolierfluids über den oder die Radiatoren beeinträchtigt. Dies ist insbesondere nach längerem Stillstand des elektrischen Geräts problematisch, da das Isolierfluid dann vollständig ausgekühlt ist. Die hohe Viskosität ist im Hinblick auf die reduzierte Kühlleistung der Kühlanlage beim Kaltstart des elektrischen Gerätes zu berücksichtigen, da die Wicklungen ansonsten überhitzt werden können.The viscosity of the insulating fluid is temperature-dependent and increases very sharply with falling temperatures. Due to the increased viscosity, the circulation of the insulating fluid over the radiator (s) is impaired at low outside temperatures, below -10 ° C. This is particularly problematic after the electrical device has been inactive for a long time, since the insulating fluid is then completely cooled down. The height Viscosity must be taken into account with regard to the reduced cooling capacity of the cooling system when the electrical device is cold started, otherwise the windings can be overheated.

So wird ein Transformator beispielsweise im Leerlauf oder unter reduzierter Last gestartet. Weist das elektrische Gerät eine aktive Kühlung auf, können Pumpen zum Umwälzen des Isolierfluids über den Radiator erst dann eingeschaltet werden, wenn das Isolierfluid im Kessel einen minimalen Temperaturschwellenwert überschritten hat. Dieser Temperaturschwellenwert wird in manchen Fällen jedoch erst nach einigen Tagen erreicht.For example, a transformer is started with no load or under reduced load. If the electrical device has active cooling, pumps for circulating the insulating fluid via the radiator can only be switched on when the insulating fluid in the boiler has exceeded a minimum temperature threshold. In some cases, however, this temperature threshold is only reached after a few days.

Darüber hinaus kommen zunehmend alternative Isolierfluide, wie Ester und Silikonöle in elektrischen Geräten der oben genannten Art zum Einsatz. Esteröle als Isolierfluide weisen zwar eine verbesserte Umweltverträglichkeit auf. Nachteilig ist jedoch, dass diese bei Temperaturen im Bereich von unter -10 eine so hohe Viskosität aufweisen können, dass ein Kaltstart des elektrischen Gerätes praktisch unmöglich geworden ist.In addition, alternative insulating fluids, such as esters and silicone oils, are increasingly being used in electrical devices of the type mentioned above. Ester oils as insulating fluids have improved environmental compatibility. However, it is disadvantageous that these can have such a high viscosity at temperatures in the range below -10 that a cold start of the electrical device has become practically impossible.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein elektrisches Gerät und ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, mit dem ein Kaltstart kostengünstig beschleunigt und auch bei tieferen Temperaturen durchgeführt werden kann.The object of the invention is therefore to provide an electrical device and a method of the type mentioned at the beginning with which a cold start can be accelerated cost-effectively and can also be carried out at lower temperatures.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe ausgehend von dem eingangs genannten elektrischen Gerät dadurch, dass die Wärmequelle der mit Isolierfluid befüllte Kessel ist, wobei der Kessel und/oder das Isolierfluid über wenigstens ein Wärmerohr mit dem beheizten Wärmeaustauschglied wärmeleitend verbunden ist.The invention solves this problem based on the aforementioned electrical device in that the heat source is the boiler filled with insulating fluid, the boiler and / or the insulating fluid being connected in a thermally conductive manner to the heated heat exchange member via at least one heat pipe.

Ausgehend von dem eingangs genannten Verfahren löst die Erfindung die Aufgabe dadurch, dass das beheizte Wärmeaustauschglied mittels wenigstens eines Wärmerohres durch den beim Kaltstarten sich erwärmenden Kessel erwärmt wird, wobei jedes Wärmerohr zwischen dem Kessel und dem beheizten Wärmeaustauschglied angeordnet wird.On the basis of the method mentioned at the beginning, the invention achieves the object in that the heated heat exchange element is heated by means of at least one heat pipe through the boiler which heats up during cold starting, with each heat pipe is placed between the boiler and the heated heat exchange member.

Erfindungsgemäß ist ein elektrisches Gerät bereitgestellt, das zum Erleichtern des Kaltstarts die von einer Wärmequelle bereitgestellte Wärmeenergie nutzt, um ein einziges Wärmeaustauschglied eines Radiators gezielt zu beheizen. Durch dieses Beheizen erwärmt sich das beheizte Wärmeaustauschglied, so dass hier das Isolierfluid bei einem Kaltstart nach kurzer Zeit zunächst ausschließlich über das beheizte Wärmeaustauschglied geführt wird. Das Umwälzen des erwärmten Isolierfluids über das beheizte Wärmeaustauschglied sorgt dort für einen zusätzlichen Temperaturanstieg. Von dem so beheizten Wärmeaustauchglied überträgt sich die Wärme nach und nach auch auf die übrigen Wärmeaustauschglieder.According to the invention, an electrical device is provided which, in order to facilitate the cold start, uses the thermal energy provided by a heat source in order to specifically heat a single heat exchange element of a radiator. As a result of this heating, the heated heat exchange element is warmed up, so that here the insulating fluid is initially passed exclusively over the heated heat exchange element after a cold start after a short time. The circulation of the heated insulating fluid over the heated heat exchange element ensures an additional temperature increase there. From the heat exchange member heated in this way, the heat is gradually transferred to the other heat exchange members.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist das Beheizen eines einzigen Wärmeaustauschgliedes ausreichend, um die Erwärmung des elektrischen Gerätes in Gang zu bringen. Der Zusatzaufwand bei der Herstellung des elektrischen Geräts oder der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist daher auf ein Minimum begrenzt. Hohe Zusatzkosten sind erfindungsgemäß vermieden. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht die Erfindung den Einsatz alternativer Isolierfluide in kälteren Klimagebieten.In the context of the invention, the heating of a single heat exchange element is sufficient to initiate the heating of the electrical device. The additional effort in the production of the electrical device or the implementation of the method according to the invention is therefore limited to a minimum. According to the invention, high additional costs are avoided. In addition, the invention enables the use of alternative insulating fluids in colder climates.

Die Ausführung der Kühlanlage ist im Rahmen der Erfindung grundsätzlich beliebig. So kann die Kühlanlage eine sogenannte aktive Kühlanlage sein, die Pumpen zum Umwälzen des Isolierfluids über den oder die Radiatoren aufweist. Abweichend davon kann die Kühlanlage auch eine passive Kühlanlage sein, bei der die Bewegung des Isolierfluids ausschließlich durch thermischen Auftrieb hervorgerufen wird. Das von der oder den Wicklungen erwärmte Isolierfluid steigt aufgrund seiner geringeren Dichte gegenüber dem erwärmten Fluid auf und wird durch nachströmendes kälteres Isolierfluid ersetzt. Der Gewichtsunterschied der unterschiedlich stark erwärmten Flüssigkeitssäulen in den Wicklungskanälen oder im Kessel einerseits und der Kühlanlage andererseits erzeugt eine Druckdifferenz, welche als antreibende Kraft des Fluidkreislaufs dient.The design of the cooling system is basically arbitrary within the scope of the invention. Thus, the cooling system can be a so-called active cooling system, which has pumps for circulating the insulating fluid over the radiator or radiators. In a departure from this, the cooling system can also be a passive cooling system in which the movement of the insulating fluid is caused exclusively by thermal lift. The insulating fluid heated by the winding or windings rises due to its lower density compared to the heated fluid and is replaced by colder insulating fluid flowing in afterwards. The weight difference between the differently heated columns of liquid in the winding channels or in the boiler on the one hand and the cooling system on the other hand creates a pressure difference, which serves as the driving force of the fluid circuit.

Bei einer passiven Kühlanlage basierend auf einer natürlichen Strömung des Isolierfluids beginnt die Zirkulation in der Kühlanlage durch die Erwärmung des Isolierfluids im beheizten Wärmeaustauschglied, da sich der Widerstand in Gestalt eines hoch viskosen Isolierfluids so weit reduziert, dass die antreibende Druckdifferenz den Kreislauf in Schwung bringt.In a passive cooling system based on a natural flow of the insulating fluid, the circulation in the cooling system begins by heating the insulating fluid in the heated heat exchange element, since the resistance in the form of a highly viscous insulating fluid is reduced to such an extent that the driving pressure difference gets the circuit going.

Im Fall einer gepumpten Ölströmung wird durch das Heizen schneller ein Temperaturniveau erreicht, das ein Einschalten der Pumpen erlaubt. Der von der Pumpe beim Kaltstart benötigte Strom wird reduziert.In the case of a pumped oil flow, the heating reaches a temperature level that allows the pumps to be switched on more quickly. The current required by the pump during a cold start is reduced.

Unter dem Begriff Wärmeaustauschglied ist im Rahmen der Erfindung ein Hohlkörper zu verstehen, durch den hindurch das Isolierfluid geführt wird. Mit seiner Außenseite steht das Wärmeaustauschglied in wärmeleitendem Kontakt mit der Außenatmosphäre, so dass die Wärme des erwärmten Isolierfluids über die Wandung des Wärmeaustauschglieds an die Außenatmosphäre abgegeben werden kann. Zur Verbesserung des Wärmeübergangs besteht das Wärmeaustauschglied aus einem Material mit einer hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit, beispielsweise aus einem zweckmäßigen Metall. Der Wärmeaustausch ist weiter verbessert, wenn das Wärmeaustauschglied eine große Wärmeaustauschfläche ausbildet. So ist das Wärmeaustauschglied, also mit anderen Worten das Radiatorglied, beispielsweise plattenförmig ausgestaltet und weist parallel zueinander angeordnete Platten oder Panels auf. Die Panels können jeweils mäanderförmig verlaufende Strömungskanäle begrenzen, über die das Isolierfluid geführt wird.The term heat exchange member is to be understood in the context of the invention as a hollow body through which the insulating fluid is passed. The outside of the heat exchange element is in thermally conductive contact with the outside atmosphere, so that the heat of the heated insulating fluid can be given off to the outside atmosphere via the wall of the heat exchange element. To improve the heat transfer, the heat exchange element consists of a material with a high thermal conductivity, for example an appropriate metal. The heat exchange is further improved when the heat exchange member forms a large heat exchange surface. For example, the heat exchange element, in other words the radiator element, is designed in the form of a plate and has plates or panels arranged parallel to one another. The panels can each delimit meandering flow channels through which the insulating fluid is guided.

Abweichend davon ist jedes Wärmeaustauschglied rohrförmig ausgebildet und verfügt über ein oder mehrere einander parallel geschaltete rohrförmige Wärmeaustauschelemente. Rohrförmige Elemente weisen ebenfalls eine große Oberfläche auf.Notwithstanding this, each heat exchange member is tubular and has one or more parallel to each other switched tubular heat exchange elements. Tubular elements also have a large surface area.

Die Radiatoren können im Rahmen der Erfindung mit Ventilatoren oder Lüftern ausgerüstet sein, mit denen die Kühlung des Isolierfluids weiter verbessert werden kann.In the context of the invention, the radiators can be equipped with fans or ventilators with which the cooling of the insulating fluid can be further improved.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die Wärmequelle der mit Isolierfluid befüllte Kessel, wobei der Kessel und/oder das Isolierfluid über wenigstens ein Wärmerohr mit dem beheizten Wärmeaustauschglied wärmeleitend verbunden sind/ist. Gemäß dieser Variante der Erfindung ist eine separate elektrische Heizquelle überflüssig geworden. Vielmehr wird die beim Starten des Betriebs unter reduzierter Last entstehende Erwärmung des Kessels ausgenutzt, um die Viskosität des Isolierfluids im beheizten Wärmeaustauschglied zu reduzieren. So wird das elektrische Gerät beispielsweise im Leerlauf gestartet, wobei es im Wesentlichen zu einer Erwärmung des Kerns kommt. Die erwärmte Wicklung sorgt für eine Erwärmung des diese umgebenden Isolierfluids und übliche Konvektion für eine Erwärmung des Kesselgehäuses. Die in demAccording to the invention, the heat source is the boiler filled with insulating fluid, the boiler and / or the insulating fluid being / is connected in a thermally conductive manner to the heated heat exchange member via at least one heat pipe. According to this variant of the invention, a separate electrical heating source has become superfluous. Rather, the heating of the boiler that occurs when the operation is started under reduced load is used to reduce the viscosity of the insulating fluid in the heated heat exchange element. For example, the electrical device is started while idling, with the core essentially heating up. The heated winding ensures that the insulating fluid surrounding it is heated, and the usual convection ensures that the boiler housing is heated. The in that

Kessel oder dem Isolierfluid vorhandene Wärme wird mittels wenigstens eines Wärmerohres auf das beheizte Wärmeaustauschglied übertragen.Heat present in the boiler or in the insulating fluid is transferred to the heated heat exchange element by means of at least one heat pipe.

Wärmerohre, so genannte "Heat Pipes", weisen im Wesentlichen ein hermetisch gekapseltes Gehäuse auf, in dem sich ein Arbeitsmedium, wie beispielsweise Wasser, in flüssiger und gasförmiger Phase befindet. In dem Wärmerohr ist beispielsweise ferner eine Kapillarstruktur angeordnet. Wird das Wärmerohr an seinem Wärmeaufnahmeende erwärmt, verdampft die dort vorhandene Flüssigkeit und gelangt über die Gasphase zu dem kälteren Wärmeabgabeende. Hier setzt ein Kondensationsvorgang ein, wobei Wärme freigesetzt wird. Das kondensierte flüssige Arbeitsmedium wird über die innere Kapillarstruktur wieder zurück zu dem Wärmeaufnahmeende des Wärmerohres transportiert.Heat pipes, so-called “heat pipes”, essentially have a hermetically encapsulated housing in which a working medium, such as water, is in the liquid and gaseous phase. For example, a capillary structure is also arranged in the heat pipe. If the heat pipe is heated at its heat-absorbing end, the liquid present there evaporates and reaches the colder heat-dissipating end via the gas phase. This is where a condensation process sets in, releasing heat. The condensed liquid working medium is transported back to the heat-absorbing end of the heat pipe via the inner capillary structure.

Ein Wärmerohr ist somit ein Wärmeübertrager, mit dem hohe Wärmeströme bei einer geringen Temperaturdifferenz übertragen werden können. Das oder jedes Wärmerohr ist gemäß dieser Weiterentwicklung entweder mit dem Isolierfluid innerhalb des Kessels wärmeleitend verbunden oder aber mit dem Kessel selber. Die Wärme des Isolierfluids oder des Kessels sorgt für ein Verdampfen des Arbeitsmediums innerhalb des Wärmerohres und für den Transport des gasförmigen Arbeitsmediums zum kälteren Ende des Wärmerohres, das aufgrund der wärmeleitenden Verbindung die beim Kondensieren entstehende Kondensationsenthalpie an das beheizte Wärmeaustauschglied abgibt.A heat pipe is therefore a heat exchanger with which high heat flows can be transferred with a small temperature difference. According to this further development, the or each heat pipe is either connected in a thermally conductive manner to the insulating fluid inside the boiler or to the boiler itself. The heat of the insulating fluid or the boiler ensures that the working medium evaporates within the heat pipe and transports the gaseous working medium to the colder end of the heat pipe, which, due to the heat-conducting connection, releases the enthalpy of condensation to the heated heat exchange element due to the heat-conducting connection.

Gemäß einer diesbezüglich zweckmäßigen Weiterentwicklung ist jedes Wärmerohr mit seinem Wärmeaufnahmeende in Kontakt mit der Außenwand des Kessels, wobei das Wärmeabgabeende des Wärmerohres in Kontakt mit dem beheizten Wärmeaustauschglied steht. Mit anderen Worten liegt das Wärmerohr am Kessel und an dem beheizten Wärmeaustauschglied direkt an. Bei einer Anordnung eines Wärmerohres außen am Kessel muss die Ölverträglichkeit des Wärmerohres nicht geprüft werden. Darüber hinaus ist auch eine Gefährdung des elektrischen Geräts in Folge einer Beschädigung des Wärmerohrs ausgeschlossen.According to an expedient further development in this regard, each heat pipe is in contact with its heat absorbing end with the outer wall of the boiler, the heat output end of the heat pipe being in contact with the heated heat exchange element. In other words, the heat pipe is in direct contact with the boiler and the heated heat exchange element. If a heat pipe is arranged on the outside of the boiler, the oil compatibility of the heat pipe does not have to be checked. Furthermore a risk to the electrical device as a result of damage to the heat pipe is also excluded.

Vorteilhafterweise sind mehrere Wärmerohre im Rahmen dieser Variante vorgesehen. Darüber hinaus ist es möglich, auch bereits fertiggestellte elektrische Geräte, wie beispielsweise Transformatoren oder Drosseln, die zum Anschluss an ein Hochspannungsnetz eingerichtet sind, nachträglich mit außen am Kessel angebrachten Wärmerohren zu bestücken, um so das Kaltstartverhalten des jeweiligen Transformators oder der jeweiligen Drossel im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zu verbessern.Several heat pipes are advantageously provided within the scope of this variant. In addition, it is also possible to equip already completed electrical devices, such as transformers or chokes, which are set up for connection to a high-voltage network, with heat pipes attached to the outside of the boiler in order to keep the cold start behavior of the respective transformer or choke in the frame to improve the method according to the invention.

Zweckmäßigerweise weist jeder Radiator einen oberen Zulauf und einen unteren Rücklauf auf, die jeweils mit dem Kessel über die Wärmeaustauschglieder miteinander verbunden sind, wobei das beheizte Wärmeaustauschglied den geringsten Abstand zum Kessel aufweist. Das Wärmeaustauschglied mit dem geringsten Abstand zum Kessel wird im Rahmen der Erfindung auch als innerstes Wärmeaustauschglied bezeichnet. Aufgrund des geringen Abstands kann das innerste Wärmeaustauschglied einfach und kostengünstig erwärmt werden.Each radiator expediently has an upper inlet and a lower return, which are each connected to the boiler via the heat exchange elements, the heated heat exchange element being at the smallest distance from the boiler. The heat exchange element with the smallest distance from the boiler is also referred to in the context of the invention as the innermost heat exchange element. Because of the small distance, the innermost heat exchange element can be heated easily and inexpensively.

Gemäß einer diesbezüglich zweckmäßigen Weiterentwicklung sind mehrere Wärmerohre, also wenigstens zwei Wärmerohre vorgesehen, die sich im Bereich des oberen Zulaufs und gegebenenfalls auch im Bereich des unteren Rücklaufs zwischen dem beheizten Wärmeaustauschglied und dem Kessel erstrecken. Für den Start des elektrischen Geräts ist es vorteilhaft, die Wärmezufuhr über das gesamte Wärmeaustauschglied zu verteilen. Zwar stellt sich im Stationärbetrieb im beheizten Wärmeaustauschglied nur dann eine natürliche Strömung ein, wenn die Temperatur des Isolierfluids im externen Radiator niedriger ist als die Temperatur des Isolierfluids im Kessel. Eine zu starke Erwärmung des beheizten Wärmeaustauschglieds könnte daher zu einer verringerten Umwälzgeschwindigkeit führen. Es wurde jedoch erkannt, dass trotz der guten Wärmeübertragung der Wärmerohre sich bei Normalbetrieb eine ausreichende Temperaturdifferenz zwischen dem Isolierfluid im Kessel und im beheizten Wärmeaustauschglied einstellt.According to an expedient further development in this regard, several heat pipes, i.e. at least two heat pipes, are provided which extend in the area of the upper inlet and optionally also in the area of the lower return between the heated heat exchange element and the boiler. To start the electrical device, it is advantageous to distribute the heat supply over the entire heat exchange element. In steady-state operation, a natural flow only occurs in the heated heat exchange element if the temperature of the insulating fluid in the external radiator is lower than the temperature of the insulating fluid in the boiler. Excessive heating of the heated heat exchange element could therefore lead to a reduced circulation speed. However, it was recognized that, despite the good heat transfer of the heat pipes, there is a sufficient temperature difference during normal operation between the insulating fluid in the boiler and in the heated heat exchange member.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist es zweckmäßig, mehrere Wärmerohre im oberen Bereich, also im Bereich des Zulaufs des Radiators vorzusehen, da der Kessel in diesem Bereich die höheren Temperaturen aufweist.In the context of the invention, it is expedient to provide several heat pipes in the upper area, that is to say in the area of the inlet of the radiator, since the boiler has the higher temperatures in this area.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das beheizte Wärmeaustauschglied zumindest abschnittsweise von einer Wärmedämpfschicht umschlossen. Durch diese Wärmedämmung vereinfacht und beschleunigt sich das Aufheizen des Isolierfluids im beheizten Wärmeaustauschglied.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the heated heat exchange member is at least partially enclosed by a heat damping layer. This thermal insulation simplifies and accelerates the heating of the insulating fluid in the heated heat exchange element.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist die Kühlanlage eine passive Kühlanlage. Wie bereits ausgeführt, weisen passive Kühlanlagen keine Pumpen, Radiatoren oder dergleichen auf.The cooling system is expediently a passive cooling system. As already stated, passive cooling systems do not have any pumps, radiators or the like.

Abweichend hiervon ist die Kühlanlage jedoch eine aktive Kühlanlage, wobei insbesondere Radiatoren oder Radiatorbatterien mit Lüftern oder Ventilatoren im Rahmen der Erfindung eingesetzt werden.In a departure from this, however, the cooling system is an active cooling system, in particular radiators or radiator batteries with fans or fans being used within the scope of the invention.

Vorzugsweise weist das elektrische Gerät im Rahmen der Erfindung eine Kühlanlage auf, die über mehrere Radiatoren verfügt, wobei jedoch nur ein Radiator mit einem beheizten Wärmeaustauschglied bestückt ist. Das beheizte Wärmeaustauschglied beschleunigt die Erwärmung des ersten Radiators. Von diesem strahlt die Erwärmung jedoch auf die anderen Radiatoren der Kühlanlage ab.In the context of the invention, the electrical device preferably has a cooling system which has several radiators, but only one radiator is equipped with a heated heat exchange element. The heated heat exchange member accelerates the heating of the first radiator. From this, however, the warming radiates to the other radiators in the cooling system.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das beheizte Wärmeaustauschglied mit Hilfe einer elektrischen Heizquelle erwärmt. Hierbei ist es besonders zweckmäßig, wenn die elektrische Heizquelle Heizdrähte ausbildet.In an advantageous variant of the method according to the invention, the heated heat exchange element is heated with the aid of an electrical heating source. It is particularly useful here if the electrical heating source forms heating wires.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das beheizte Wärmeaustauschglied mittels wenigstens eines Wärmerohres durch den beim Kaltstarten sich erwärmenden Kessel erwärmt, wobei jedes Wärmerohr zwischen dem Kessel und dem beheizten Wärmeaustauschglied angeordnet wird.According to a preferred variant of the method according to the invention, the heated heat exchange element is heated by means of at least one heat pipe through the boiler which heats up during cold starting, each heat pipe being arranged between the boiler and the heated heat exchange element.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen und Vorteile der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung unter Bezug auf die Figuren der Zeichnung, wobei gleichwirkende Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen sind und wobei

Figur 1
einen handelsüblichen Radiator in einer Seitenansicht,
Figur 2
ein Wärmeaustauschglied des Radiators gemäß Figur 1 in einer Draufsicht und
Figur 3
ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Geräts in einer schematischen Seitenansicht zeigen.
Further refinements and advantages of the invention are the subject matter of the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the figures of the drawing, components with the same effect being provided with the same reference symbols and where
Figure 1
a standard radiator in a side view,
Figure 2
a heat exchange member of the radiator according to FIG Figure 1 in a plan view and
Figure 3
show an embodiment of the electrical device according to the invention in a schematic side view.

Figur 1 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines handelsüblichen Radiators 1 in einer schematischen Seitenansicht. Es ist erkennbar, dass der Radiator 1 einen oberen Zulauf 2 aufweist, der über Wärmeaustausch- oder Radiatorglieder 3 hydraulisch mit einem Rücklauf 4 verbunden ist. Der Zulauf 2 und der Rücklauf 4 weisen jeweils eine nach links weisende Eingangs- bzw. Ausgangsöffnung auf, über die der Radiator 1 nach seiner Montage mit dem Innenraum eines in Figur 1 nicht dargestellten Kessels kommuniziert. Das Isolierfluid des besagten Kessels kann dann über den Zulauf 2 die Wärmeaustauschglieder 3 und den Rücklauf 4 über den Radiator 1 mit seinen Wärmeaustauschgliedern 3 umgewälzt werden. Die Wärmeaustauschglieder 3 sind aus einem wärmeleitfähigen Material, wie einem Metall, gefertigt und stehen in Wärmekontakt mit der Außenatmosphäre. Wird das Isolierfluid über die Wärmeaustauschglieder geführt, wird somit Wärme von dem erhitzten Isolierfluid an die kältere Außenatmosphäre abgegeben. Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a commercially available radiator 1 in a schematic side view. It can be seen that the radiator 1 has an upper inlet 2 which is hydraulically connected to a return 4 via heat exchange or radiator members 3. The inlet 2 and the return 4 each have an inlet and outlet opening pointing to the left, via which the radiator 1 after its assembly with the interior of an in Figure 1 communicates boiler not shown. The insulating fluid of the said boiler can then be circulated via the inlet 2, the heat exchange members 3 and the return 4 via the radiator 1 with its heat exchange members 3. The heat exchange members 3 are made of a thermally conductive material, such as a metal, and are in thermal contact with the outside atmosphere. If the insulating fluid is passed over the heat exchange elements, heat is thus given off from the heated insulating fluid to the colder outside atmosphere.

Figur 2 zeigt ein Wärmeaustauschglied 3 in einer Stirnansicht. Es ist erkennbar, dass die Wärmeaustauschglieder 3 plattenförmig ausgebildet sind. Mit anderen Worten handelt es sich bei dem in Figur 1 gezeigten Radiator 1 um einen so genannten Plattenradiator. Die plattenförmigen Wärmeaustauschglieder 3 begrenzen jeweils Strömungskanäle, durch die das über die Wärmeaustauschglieder 3 umgewälzte Isolierfluid geführt wird. Schließlich gelangt das Isolierfluid in die sammelnde Rückleitung 4 und gelangt von dort als abgekühltes Isolierfluid wieder in den Innenraum des Kessels. Figure 2 shows a heat exchange member 3 in an end view. It can be seen that the heat exchange members 3 are plate-shaped. In other words, the in Figure 1 The radiator 1 shown is a so-called plate radiator. The plate-shaped heat exchange members 3 each delimit flow channels through which the insulating fluid circulated via the heat exchange members 3 is guided. Finally, the insulating fluid arrives in the collecting return line 4 and from there arrives back into the interior of the boiler as a cooled insulating fluid.

Figur 3 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Geräts 5, das hier als Transformator ausgeführt ist. Der Transformator 5 weist einen Kessel 6 auf, der mit einem Isolierfluid 7 befüllt ist. Darüber hinaus sind in dem Kessel 6 ein magnetisierbarer Kern 8 und Wicklungen 9 angeordnet, von denen in der Figur 3 jedoch nur eine Wicklung schematisch angedeutet ist. Die Wicklungen 9 umfassen jedoch hier eine so genannte Oberspannungswicklung und eine so genannte Unterspannungswicklung, die konzentrisch zu einem Schenkel 10 als Kern 8 angeordnet sind. Die Funktionsweise eines solchen Transformators ist dem Fachmann jedoch bekannt, so dass an dieser Stelle hierauf nicht genauer eingegangen wird. Die notwendigen Anschlussleitungen zum Anschluss der Wicklungen an ein Hochspannungsnetz sind ebenfalls aus Gründen der Übersicht figürlich nicht dargestellt. Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the electrical device 5 according to the invention, which is designed here as a transformer. The transformer 5 has a tank 6 which is filled with an insulating fluid 7. In addition, a magnetizable core 8 and windings 9 are arranged in the boiler 6, of which in the Figure 3 however, only one winding is indicated schematically. However, the windings 9 here include a so-called high-voltage winding and a so-called low-voltage winding, which are arranged concentrically to a leg 10 as a core 8. The mode of operation of such a transformer is known to the person skilled in the art, so that it will not be discussed in more detail at this point. The necessary connection lines for connecting the windings to a high-voltage network are also not shown in the figures for reasons of clarity.

Der Transformator 5 ist mit einer außen an dem Kessel 6 angebrachten Kühlanlage 11 bestückt, die hier lediglich einen Radiator 1 gemäß Figur 1 umfasst. Es ist erkennbar, dass der Zulauf 2 und der Rücklauf 4 in den Innenraum des Kessels 6 münden. Da der Zulauf 2 und der Rücklauf 4 über Wärmeaustauschglieder 3 miteinander verbunden sind, ist ein Umwälzen des Isolierfluids 7 über den Radiator ermöglicht. Ein Wärmeaustauschglied 3, das den geringsten Abstand zum Kessel 6 aufweist, das so genannte innerste Radiatorglied 12, steht über schematisch angedeutete Wärmerohre 13 in wärmeleitender Verbindung mit der Außenwand des Kessels 6.The transformer 5 is equipped with a cooling system 11 attached to the outside of the boiler 6, which here only has a radiator 1 according to FIG Figure 1 includes. It can be seen that the inlet 2 and the return 4 open into the interior of the boiler 6. Since the inlet 2 and the return 4 are connected to one another via heat exchange members 3, the insulating fluid 7 can be circulated via the radiator. A heat exchange element 3, which is the smallest distance from the boiler 6 has, the so-called innermost radiator element 12, is in a thermally conductive connection with the outer wall of the boiler 6 via schematically indicated heat pipes 13.

Nach einem längeren Stillstand des elektrischen Geräts 5 ist das Isolierfluid 7 vollständig abgekühlt. Insbesondere bei niedrigen Außentemperaturen, beispielsweise im Bereich von -10 bis -50 Grad, weist das Isolierfluid 7 eine so hohe Viskosität auf, ist mit anderen Worten so zähflüssig, dass es auch nach einem längeren Startvorgang nicht mehr über den Radiator 1 umgewälzt wird. Aus diesem Grunde sind die Wärmerohre 13 vorgesehen, mit denen eine verbesserte Wärmeübertragung zwischen dem Kessel 6 und dem innersten Wärmeaustauschglied 12 bereitgestellt ist. Somit kann im Rahmen der Erfindung die Oberspannungswicklung der Wicklungen 9 an das Hochspannungsnetz angeschlossen werden. Die Unterspannungswicklung wird hingegen an einen hierfür zweckmäßigen Widerstand angelegt, so dass der Transformator 5 nicht unter Volllast betrieben wird. Hierbei kommt es zu einem allmählichen Erwärmen des Isolierfluids 7 und somit der Außenwand des Kessels 6. Ein Teil der hierbei entstehenden Wärme wird mittels der Wärmerohre oder Heat Pipes 13 auf das beheizte Wärmeaustauschglied 12 übertragen, das so einschließlich des darin angeordneten Isolierfluids 7 erwärmt wird. Die Temperatur des beheizten Wärmeaustauschgliedes 12 ist somit höher als die der weiter außen liegenden Wärmeaustauschglieder 13. Die Viskosität des Isolierfluids in dem beheizten Wärmeaustauschglied nimmt daher ab. Trotzdem stellt sich ein Temperaturunterschied zwischen dem Isolierfluid 7 innerhalb des Kessels 6 und dem Isolierfluid innerhalb des beheizten Wärmeaustauschglieds 12 ein, so dass es aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Dichte des Isolierfluids 7 zu einem Druckunterschied und somit zu einem Umwälzen des Isolierfluids über das innerste Wärmeaustauschglied 12 kommt. Hierbei gelangt fortwährend wärmeres Isolierfluid über die Zuleitung 2 zum beheizten Wärmeaustauschglied 12, wobei eine allmähliche Erwärmung der weiteren außer liegenden Wärmeaustauschglieder 3 erfolgt. Schließlich wird das Isolierfluid 7 auch über die weiter außen liegenden Wärmeaustauschglieder 3 umgewälzt. Der Transformator kann anschließend unter Volllast betrieben werden.After the electrical device 5 has been idle for a long time, the insulating fluid 7 has cooled down completely. In particular at low outside temperatures, for example in the range from -10 to -50 degrees, the insulating fluid 7 has such a high viscosity, in other words it is so viscous that it is no longer circulated via the radiator 1 even after a longer start-up process. For this reason, the heat pipes 13 are provided with which an improved heat transfer between the boiler 6 and the innermost heat exchange member 12 is provided. Thus, within the scope of the invention, the high-voltage winding of the windings 9 can be connected to the high-voltage network. The low-voltage winding, on the other hand, is applied to a resistor suitable for this purpose, so that the transformer 5 is not operated under full load. This leads to a gradual heating of the insulating fluid 7 and thus the outer wall of the boiler 6. Some of the heat generated is transferred by means of the heat pipes 13 to the heated heat exchange member 12, which is thus heated including the insulating fluid 7 arranged therein. The temperature of the heated heat exchange member 12 is thus higher than that of the heat exchange members 13 located further out. The viscosity of the insulating fluid in the heated heat exchange member therefore decreases. Nevertheless, there is a temperature difference between the insulating fluid 7 within the boiler 6 and the insulating fluid within the heated heat exchange member 12, so that due to the different density of the insulating fluid 7 there is a pressure difference and thus a circulation of the insulating fluid over the innermost heat exchange member 12. In this case, warmer insulating fluid continually reaches the heated heat exchange element 12 via the supply line 2, with the further, external heat exchange elements 3 being gradually heated. Finally, the insulating fluid 7 is also via the heat exchange members located further out 3 circulated. The transformer can then be operated at full load.

Abschließend sei angemerkt, dass die Lastregelung beim Kaltstart im Rahmen der Erfindung beliebig sein kann. Abweichend von den oben genannten Umsetzungen des Kaltstarts kann das erfindungsgemäße elektrische Gerät auch unter Volllast gestartet werden.Finally, it should be noted that the load regulation during a cold start can be arbitrary within the scope of the invention. Notwithstanding the abovementioned implementations of the cold start, the electrical device according to the invention can also be started under full load.

Claims (8)

  1. Electrical device (5) for connecting to a high-voltage power grid having
    - a boiler (6), which is filled with an insulating fluid (7) and in which a magnetizable core (8) and at least one winding (9), which surrounds a section (10) of the core (8), are arranged, and
    - a cooling system (11) which comprises at least one radiator (1) which is arranged outside the boiler (6) and is connected thereto via the radiator (1) in order to circulate the insulating fluid (7), wherein the radiator (1) has at least two heat exchange elements (3) which are connected in parallel with one another,
    wherein only one of the heat exchange elements (3) has a heat-conducting connection, as a heated heat exchange element (12), to a heat source which generates heat when the operation of the electrical device (5) is started,
    characterized in that the heat source is the boiler (6) which is filled with insulating fluid, wherein the boiler (6) and/or the insulating fluid (7) are/is connected in a heat-conducting fashion to the heated heat exchange element (12) via at least one heat pipe (13).
  2. Electrical device (5) according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    each heat pipe (13) is in contact, via a heat-receiving end, with an outer wall of the boiler and, via a heat-outputting end, with the heated heat exchange element (12).
  3. Electrical device (5) according to either of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    each radiator (1) has an upper inflow line (2) and a lower return flow line (4) which are each connected to the boiler (6) and to one another via the heat exchange elements (3), wherein the heated heat exchange element (12) is at the shortest distance from the boiler (6).
  4. Electrical device (5) according to Claim 3,
    characterized in that
    heat pipes (13) extend both in the region of the upper feed line (2) and in the region of the lower return line (4) between the heated heat exchange element (12) and the boiler (6).
  5. Electrical device (5) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the heated heat exchange element (12) is surrounded at least in certain sections by a heat-insulating layer.
  6. Electrical device (5) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the cooling system is a passive cooling system.
  7. Electrical device (5) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the cooling system has a plurality of radiators, but only one radiator has a heated heat exchange element.
  8. Method for cold starting an electrical device which has a boiler (6), which is filled with an insulating fluid (7) and in which a magnetizable core (8) and at least one winding (9), which surrounds a section (10) of the core (8), are arranged, and a cooling system (11) which comprises at least one radiator (1) which is arranged outside the boiler (6) and is connected thereto via the radiator (1) in order to circulate the insulating fluid (7), wherein the radiator (1) has at least two heat exchange elements (3) which are connected in parallel with one another and in the radiator only one of the heat exchange elements (3) is heated as a heated heat exchange element (12) using a heat source,
    characterized in that
    the heated heat exchange element (12) is heated by means of at least one heat pipe (13) by the boiler (6) which heats up in the case of cold starting, wherein each heat pipe (13) is arranged between the boiler (6) and the heated heat exchange element (12).
EP17193689.1A 2016-10-26 2017-09-28 Transformer with heated radiator element Active EP3316268B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016221080.7A DE102016221080A1 (en) 2016-10-26 2016-10-26 Transformer with heated radiator element

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP3316268A1 EP3316268A1 (en) 2018-05-02
EP3316268B1 true EP3316268B1 (en) 2021-05-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17193689.1A Active EP3316268B1 (en) 2016-10-26 2017-09-28 Transformer with heated radiator element

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US (1) US10707007B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3316268B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2982530C (en)
DE (1) DE102016221080A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10130009B2 (en) * 2017-03-15 2018-11-13 American Superconductor Corporation Natural convection cooling for power electronics systems having discrete power dissipation components
EP3767651A1 (en) * 2019-07-17 2021-01-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a cooling system of a transformer

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE317410C (en) * 1918-02-09 1919-12-18 Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh DEVICE FOR COOLING OIL IN OIL KETTLE FOR ELECTRICAL APPARATUS
DE549192C (en) 1928-12-16 1932-04-25 Aeg Process for the transfer of heat from oil to water in water-cooled electrical devices with oil filling
GB1597469A (en) * 1977-12-14 1981-09-09 Jackson P A Cooling of a shelter containing a heat source
US4195686A (en) * 1978-06-29 1980-04-01 General Electric Company Heat exchanger air deflectors
US4321421A (en) * 1979-03-07 1982-03-23 General Electric Company Vaporization cooled transformer having a high voltage
DE19816650A1 (en) * 1998-04-15 1999-10-21 Jeannette Bastian Electric transformer with hermetic construction useful as mast transformer
AU2009200007A1 (en) * 2008-01-10 2009-07-30 Chk Gridsense Pty Ltd A transformer and a method of monitoring an operation property of the transformer

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US10707007B2 (en) 2020-07-07
CA2982530C (en) 2021-01-12
CA2982530A1 (en) 2018-04-26
US20180114626A1 (en) 2018-04-26
EP3316268A1 (en) 2018-05-02
DE102016221080A1 (en) 2018-04-26

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