EP2733265B1 - Cooling system for a transformer platform - Google Patents
Cooling system for a transformer platform Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2733265B1 EP2733265B1 EP12192537.4A EP12192537A EP2733265B1 EP 2733265 B1 EP2733265 B1 EP 2733265B1 EP 12192537 A EP12192537 A EP 12192537A EP 2733265 B1 EP2733265 B1 EP 2733265B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coolant
- cooling system
- cooling circuit
- hollow structural
- platform
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 139
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 142
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
Definitions
- the invention relates to a transformer platform and a cooling system provided for this purpose.
- a substation platform is generally understood to mean an offshore structure including its offshore platform and platform foundations. These include, in the narrower sense, substations that are installed on an offshore platform, whereby the offshore platform and its platform foundation form part of the offshore substation. In a broader sense but also, for example, wind turbines are counted with the associated foundations for substations in the context of this application.
- Substation platforms usually have foundations that are made of steel tubes. Depending on the particular conditions of use, various constructions are used, for example monopile foundations that have only a single pile, jacket foundations that have a steel truss structure, tripod foundations that have a tripod construction made of steel pipes, which has a main pile under water supports tripile foundations, which have three steel-tube piles anchored to the seabed, onto which a tripod construction is placed over water, or multi-pile systems.
- a cooling system for a substation platform is used to cool platform components of the substation, such as transformers. Radiators are used to cool transformers. These are exposed to high levels of corrosive pollution in the offshore area. In particular, for substations for high-voltage DC transmission but mainly water cooling is used due to the high dissipated total losses.
- the use of seawater for cooling also causes a Use of seawater for cooling also causes a high corrosion load of the cooling system, in particular of pumps for the seawater.
- WO 2006/069974 A1 From the WO 2006/069974 A1 is a deep-sea platform is known in which a heat exchange unit of an electrical component is arranged undersea and thus allows cooling of the electrical component.
- the invention has for its object to provide an improved cooling system for a substation and an improved in terms of cooling substation.
- the object is achieved with respect to the cooling system by the features of claim 1 and with respect to the substation by the features of claim 13.
- a cooling system according to the invention is designed for a transformer platform which has at least one hollow structural element.
- the cooling system comprises a primary cooling circuit and a secondary cooling circuit, which are thermally coupled via a heat exchanger.
- the secondary cooling circuit has at least one coolant reservoir arranged in a hollow structural element for a coolant of the secondary cooling circuit.
- the coolant is preferably a cooling liquid, in particular fresh water.
- a hollow structural element of a transformer platform is understood here a tube-like component of the offshore platform.
- a hollow structural element at least partially or even completely forms the supporting structure of the platform foundation of the offshore platform.
- the cooling system thus uses any existing hollow structural elements of the substation as a container for coolant storage of the secondary cooling circuit. As a result, the size of the cooling system and the platform costs are advantageously reduced. Transition from p. 2a to 3 nowadays.
- a further embodiment of the invention provides at least one coolant reservoir, which is arranged in a hollow structural element on a wall, the outer surface of which flows around the transformer platform surrounding water.
- the arrangement of coolant reservoirs below the water level of the surrounding the substation water makes it advantageous to use this water for cooling the coolant in the secondary cooling circuit and thus advantageously to reduce the cooling power to be applied for cooling.
- the arrangement of a coolant reservoir on a wall of the hollow structure element, whose outer surface is surrounded by the Umspannz surrounding water particularly advantageous since the coolant reservoir is then arranged in particularly good thermal contact with the surrounding the substation water.
- a further embodiment of the invention provides at least one coolant reservoir, which is arranged in a hollow structural element of the platform foundation of the transformer platform.
- This configuration is particularly advantageous if the platform foundation has hollow structures arranged with large volumes below the water level of the water surrounding the transfer platform, since such hollow structure elements are particularly well suited for receiving coolant reservoirs.
- a further embodiment of the invention provides at least one fitting, by means of which at least one arranged in a hollow structural element coolant reservoir can be integrated into the secondary cooling circuit and separated from the secondary cooling circuit.
- This embodiment makes it possible to incorporate coolant storage as needed in the secondary cooling circuit.
- the secondary cooling circuit can advantageously be extended, in particular during load peaks which require particularly intensive cooling, and a uniform operation of the cooling system adapted to the load of the transformer platform can be achieved.
- a motor drive for at least one valve by means of which at least one arranged in a hollow structure element coolant reservoir can be integrated into the secondary cooling circuit and separated from the secondary cooling circuit, is used.
- coolant reservoirs can advantageously be integrated in a user-friendly manner and optionally automatically as needed into the secondary cooling circuit.
- Another embodiment of the invention provides fresh water as a coolant of the secondary cooling circuit.
- Freshwater has the advantage of being less corrosive to salt water, which is often used as a refrigerant in conventional substation cooling systems.
- the use of fresh water therefore reduces the corrosion load of the cooling system and in particular the pumps of the secondary cooling circuit and thereby also reduces the cost of maintenance and care of the cooling system.
- a further embodiment of the invention provides that at least one hollow structural element is at least partially filled with coolant of the secondary cooling circuit, which is integrated into the secondary cooling circuit.
- hollow structure elements themselves become coolant reservoirs in the secondary cooling circuit. This is particularly advantageous when hollow structure elements with large outer surfaces, which lie below the water level of the surrounding water surrounding the substation, are present and as a coolant reservoir can be used because stored in such hollow structural elements coolant can be cooled effectively and inexpensively on the outer surfaces.
- a further embodiment of the invention provides at least one arranged in a hollow structural element coolant reservoir, which comprises a heat storage, in particular a heat storage with a heat storage liquid for receiving heat from the coolant.
- the heat storage referred to here is actually a cold storage for the times in which the cooling system must provide full power, for example, at maximum power of an offshore wind farm at full throttle.
- a heat storage in a coolant reservoir allows the cooling of the coolant in the coolant reservoir.
- the arrangement of coolant reservoirs with heat accumulators in hollow structural elements of the transformer platform advantageously utilizes the volumes present in the hollow structural elements for space-saving and virtually free accommodation of the heat accumulators. This refinement is particularly advantageous if the transformer platform has hollow structure elements with large volumes, in which coolant reservoirs with heat accumulators can be arranged.
- a further embodiment of this embodiment provides at least one arranged within a heat storage flow guide for a heat storage fluid of the heat accumulator.
- flow guiding devices with nested thin-walled cylinders for flow conduction are suitable for this purpose.
- a further embodiment of the invention provides an alternative or supplement to heat storage with heat storage fluid at least one arranged in a hollow structure element coolant reservoir, which comprises a latent heat storage ago.
- phase change materials are used for heat / cold storage.
- paraffins and paraffin mixtures can be easily matched to the temperature range of an offshore cooling system based on their enthalpy-temperature profile.
- the secondary cooling circuit is hermetically sealed relative to the surroundings of the transformer platform.
- a transformer platform according to the invention has a cooling system according to the invention and therefore has the above-mentioned advantages.
- such a transformer platform has a platform foundation with at least one hollow structural element, which is designed as a container for at least one coolant reservoir of the secondary cooling circuit.
- the platform foundation can be used to save space and costs for accommodating the coolant reservoir of the secondary cooling circuit.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a first embodiment of a transformer platform 1 with a cooling system 3 for cooling a platform component 11.
- the platform component 11 is for example a transformer.
- the substation 1 is located in the water 7 in the open sea in front of a coast.
- the platform foundation of the transformer platform 1 comprises a plurality of legs forming hollow structural elements 2, which are designed as steel pipes and forming foundation legs of the transformer platform 1, which protrude from the water 7 and carry a platform head 10 of the transformer platform 1, on which the platform component 11 is located.
- the cooling system 3 comprises a primary cooling circuit 3.1 and a secondary cooling circuit 3.2, which are thermally coupled via a heat exchanger 31.
- the primary cooling circuit 3.1 is thermally coupled directly to the platform component 11. It comprises first pipes 35 and a first pump 33.
- the secondary cooling circuit 3.2 comprises second pipes 36, a second pump 34, a secondary heat exchanger 32 and a plurality of coolant reservoirs 61, 63, 65, which can be integrated into the secondary cooling circuit 3.2 via motor-driven valves 37 and separated from the secondary cooling circuit 3.2.
- first coolant reservoirs 61 and second coolant reservoirs 65 are each arranged at least partially below a water level 71 of the surrounding water system 7 and preferably exchangeable in one of the pillars forming hollow structure elements 2.
- a third coolant reservoir 63 is arranged in the surrounding the substation 1 water 7 outside the legs forming hollow structural elements 2. All coolant reservoirs 61, 63, 65 are integrated into the secondary cooling circuit 3.2 via second pipelines 36.
- the individual second pipes 36 are in FIG. 1 partially indicated by dashed lines only.
- a coolant 39 is pumped by means of the second pump 34, which also by the coolant reservoir 61, 63, 65 is performed, provided that the fittings 37 are set accordingly.
- the first coolant reservoir 61 and the third coolant reservoir 63 each comprise a heat accumulator 67 with a heat storage liquid for absorbing heat from the coolant 39.
- the second coolant reservoirs 65 each comprise a latent heat accumulator for absorbing heat from the coolant 39, the latent heat accumulators being salts or heat storage media Paraffins contain.
- the heat accumulator 67 of the first coolant reservoir 61 and the latent heat accumulator of the second coolant reservoir 65 are each arranged on a wall of the hollow structural element 2 containing them, the outer surface of which flows around the umspannstor 1 surrounding water 7. As a result, this water 7 is advantageously used for cooling the coolant in the secondary cooling circuit 3.2.
- fresh water is preferably used in the secondary cooling circuit 3.2.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a second embodiment of a substation 1 with a cooling system 3 for cooling a platform component 11.
- the platform component 11 is in this embodiment, for example, a transformer.
- the substation 1 is located in the water 7 in the open sea in front of a coast and the platform foundation of the substation 1 includes a plurality of hollow structural elements 2, which are formed as steel pipes and foundation legs of the substation 1 form. These legs forming hollow structure elements 2 are connected by an obliquely to them and below the water level 71 of the substation 1 surrounding water 7 extending hollow structural element 24 to each other.
- the cooling system 3 comprises a primary cooling circuit 3.1 and a secondary cooling circuit 3.2, which are thermally coupled via a heat exchanger 31, wherein the primary cooling circuit 3.1 is thermally coupled directly to the platform component 11 and formed analogous to the first embodiment.
- the secondary cooling circuit 3.2 of this embodiment comprises a second pump 34, second pipes 36, a first heat storage 67, a coolant reservoir 61, which includes a second heat storage, the interior of the connecting hollow structure element 24 and the coolant 39 of the secondary cooling circuit 3.2 filled areas 21 inside the As in the first embodiment, a coolant 39, preferably fresh water, is guided in the secondary cooling circuit 3.2.
- the first heat storage 67 is arranged in a first of the legs forming hollow structural elements 2 and surrounded by the coolant-filled region 21 in its interior.
- the coolant reservoir 61 with the second heat accumulator is correspondingly arranged in the second hollow structural elements 2 forming the pillars and surrounded by the coolant-filled region 21 in its interior.
- the hollow structure element 24 connects the coolant-filled regions 21 in the interior of the two supporting elements forming hollow structural elements 2 and is open to them so that coolant 39 can flow from these regions 21 into the connecting hollow structure element 24 (and vice versa).
- a lower portion of the coolant reservoir 61 has an opening 28 to the coolant-filled portion 21 in the hollow structural member 2 containing it, so that coolant 39 can flow from this region 21 into the coolant reservoir 61.
- the coolant-filled areas 21 in the legs forming hollow structural elements 2 are filled with coolant 39 such that a coolant level 73 of the coolant in this Regions 21 above the water level 71 of the substation 1 surrounding water 7 is located.
- the coolant 39 is pumped by means of the second pump 34 through the secondary cooling circuit 3.2, so that by the arrows in FIG. 2 indicated coolant flow sets: from the heat exchanger 31, the coolant 39 flows via a second pipe 36 into the coolant-filled region 21 of the first heat storage 67 containing hollow structure element 2; from there, the coolant 39 flows down along the first heat accumulator 67 and into the connecting hollow structure element 24; via the connecting hollow structural element 24, it flows into the coolant-filled region 21 of the hollow structure element 2 containing the coolant reservoir 61; From this region 21, it flows through the opening 28 into the coolant reservoir 61 with the second heat accumulator and from there finally via a protruding into the coolant reservoir 61 second pipe 36 back to the heat exchanger 31st
- the coolant 39 is thereby cooled both within the coolant-filled regions 21 of the hollow structural element 2 forming a pillar, ie also inside the connecting hollow structural element 24, via the walls of these hollow structural elements 2, 24 by the water 7 surrounding the transformer platform 1. Due to the increasing in cooling density of the coolant 39, the drive effect of the second pump 34 is supported by the natural drive in this arrangement according to the invention. In particular, the coolant 39 is guided downwardly within the structural elements forming hollow structural elements 2 predominantly at their walls adjacent to the surrounding water 7, as a result of which the cooling effect of these walls results in a natural flow of the coolant 39.
- the coolant reservoir 61 with the second heat accumulator 67 is separated by a cylindrical wall from the coolant-filled region 21 in the interior of the second hollow structural elements 2 forming the legs. As a result, mutual influencing of the opposing flows in this coolant reservoir 61 and the coolant-filled region 21 surrounding it is avoided.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a third embodiment of a substation 1 with a cooling system 3 for cooling a platform component 11.
- the platform component 11 is in this embodiment, for example, a transformer.
- the platform foundation of this embodiment is designed as a so-called tripod foundation.
- the tripod foundation comprises three formed as foundation legs hollow structure elements 2, by means of which the substation 1 is placed on a water bottom 8, forming a support structure hollow structure element 25, the upper end protruding from the surrounding the substation 1 water 7 and the platform head 10 of the substation.
- 1 carries, as well as for each foundation leg two connecting hollow structure elements 23, 24, which connect the foundation leg with the support structure forming the hollow structure element 25.
- a first connecting hollow structure element 24 extends from the hollow structure element forming the support structure obliquely downwards to the hollow structure element 2 forming a pillar and the second connecting hollow structure element 23 runs below the first connecting hollow structure element 24 almost parallel to the water bottom 8.
- the connecting hollow structure elements 23, 24 each have openings 28 to the hollow structure forming the support structure 25 and the respective structural element forming a hollow structural element 2, so that the interiors of all hollow structural elements 2, 23, 24, 25 form a coherent cavity, which is opposite to the surrounding the substation 1 water 7 completed ,
- the cooling system 3 is analogous to those in the FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrated embodiments and includes a primary cooling circuit 3.1 not shown here and a thermally coupled thereto secondary cooling circuit 3.2, which is only partially shown.
- the cavity formed by the interiors of the hollow structure elements 2, 23, 24, 25 is filled with the coolant 39 of the secondary cooling circuit 3.2.
- the coolant 39 is pumped through second conduits 36 of the secondary cooling circuit 3.2 into the upper region of the interior of the hollow structure element 25 forming the support structure and out of the lower region of the structure, so that the flow indicated by arrows in FIG.
- the platform foundation of the transformer platform 1 is filled with the coolant 39 such that a coolant level 73 of the coolant 39 lies above the water level 71 of the water 7 surrounding the transformer platform 1.
- the filling is further selected so that above the coolant level 73, a coolant-free compensation chamber 29 remains to compensate for temperature-induced volume changes of the coolant 39 in the secondary cooling circuit 3.2.
- this compensation space 29 is integrated into a hollow structural element of the foundation structure.
- the secondary cooling circuit including the coolant reservoir is hermetically sealed from the environment and the compensation chamber 29 is filled with a gas, for example with nitrogen.
- the volume of the compensation chamber is preferably dimensioned such that at a maximum expected temperature of the coolant 39 by adjusting the gas pressure differential pressure to the environment does not exceed 0.5 bar.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a fourth embodiment of a substation 1 with a cooling system 3 for cooling a platform component 11.
- the platform component 11 is also in this embodiment, for example, a transformer.
- the platform foundation of this embodiment is designed as a so-called tripile foundation.
- the tripile foundation comprises three formed as foundation legs hollow structure elements 2, by means of which the substation 1 is placed on a water bottom 8, forming a support structure hollow structure element 25, which is above the water level 71 of the Umspannch 1 surrounding water 7 and the platform head 10 of Transformer platform 1 carries, as well as for each a supporting leg forming hollow structural element 2 a connecting hollow structural element 24, which connects a standing leg forming hollow structural element 2 with the support structure forming the hollow structure element 25.
- the cooling system 3 is also analogous to those in the FIGS. 1 and 2 formed embodiments and includes a primary cooling circuit 3.1 not shown here and a thermally coupled thereto via a heat exchanger 31 secondary cooling circuit 3.2, which is only partially shown.
- the interiors of the legs forming hollow structural elements 2 are filled with the coolant 39 of the secondary cooling circuit 3.2, so that a coolant level 73 of the coolant 39 is above the water level 71 of the substation 1 surrounding water 7.
- the coolant 39 is pumped through second pipes 36 of the secondary cooling circuit 3.2 in the interiors of the legs forming hollow structural elements 2 and out of these.
- the coolant 39 is preferably a hollow structural element 2 forming a pillar in its upper area a second pipe 36 is supplied and removed in a lower portion of this hollow structural element 2 by means of another second pipe 36 in order to achieve a defined flow direction of the coolant 39 and to use a thermal coolant layer for removal of the coolant 39.
- hollow structural elements 2 formed as fillers or packing heat accumulator 67 are arranged, which are flowed through by the coolant 39 and thereby absorb heat from the coolant 39.
- the coolant 39 For example, coarse-grained gravel is suitable as the filler.
- a filler body is a massive body with channels through which coolant 39 is guided.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 schematically show a fifth embodiment of a substation 1 with a cooling system 3 for cooling of platform components 11.
- the platform components 11 are in this embodiment, for example, transformers.
- FIG. 5 shows the substation 1 in a side view and
- FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of the transformer platform 1, wherein the cutting plane orthogonal to the plane of the drawing FIG. 5 lies.
- the layers of a heat accumulator 67 and a filter system 38 are indicated, which are not visible from the outside.
- the platform foundation of this embodiment is designed as a so-called gravity foundation.
- the gravity foundation comprises two large-volume lying on the bottom of the water 8 forming a foundation hollow structure elements 26 and for each of these hollow structure elements 26, two support structures forming a hollow structure elements 25 extending from the respective forming a foundation hollow structure element 26 vertically up to above the water level 71 of the Transverse platform 1 surrounding water extend 7 and together carry the platform head 10 of the platform component 11.
- the interior of each of the foundation forming hollow structural elements 26 is connected to the interiors of the two associated a support structure forming hollow structural elements 25, so that these interiors form a coherent cavity.
- the cooling system 3 comprises a plurality of primary cooling circuits 3.1, which are each thermally coupled via a heat exchanger 31 to a secondary cooling circuit 3.2 for a coolant 39.
- each secondary cooling circuit 3.2 is guided in one of the cavities, which is formed from the interior of one of the foundation forming hollow structure elements 26 and the associated interior spaces of the two associated a support structure forming hollow structure elements 25. These cavities are each partially filled with the coolant 39.
- the heat exchangers 31 are each arranged in the interior of one of the foundation elements forming the hollow structure elements 26 in the coolant 39.
- this hollow structure element 26 is also a by the coolant 39 and / or flooded heat accumulator 67 is arranged, which is designed as a filler or as a filler and increases the mass for establishing the substation 1.
- the heat capacity of the filler or filler is used to cool the coolant 39.
- coarse-grained gravel is suitable as filler.
- As a filler body is a massive body with channels through which coolant 39 is guided.
- the secondary cooling circuit 3.2 is closed relative to the water 7 surrounding the transformer platform 1.
- the platform foundation of the transformer platform 1 is filled with the coolant 39 such that a coolant level 73 of the coolant 39 lies above the water level 71 of the water 7 surrounding the transformer platform 1.
- the filling is in turn chosen so that above the coolant level 73 an air-filled coolant-free compensation chamber 29 remains to temperature-induced volume changes of the coolant 39 in the secondary cooling circuit 3.2 compensate.
- the compensation chamber 29 is connected to protect against aggressive sea air on the filter system 38 with an environment of the substation 1 to dehumidify sea air from the environment before entering the compensation chamber 29 and / or filter out aggressive components from the sea air.
- the compensation space 29 is determined according to the basis of FIG. 3 described hermetically sealed against the environment and filled with a gas, such as nitrogen, such that the at a maximum expected temperature of the coolant 39 adjusting overpressure in the expansion chamber 29 remains smaller than 0.5 bar.
- FIGS. 1 to 6 shown embodiments can be combined and / or configured in various ways.
- FIGS. 2 to 4 illustrated embodiments are analogous to the first embodiment shown in Figure 1 to a arranged outside the legs forming hollow structural elements 2 arranged secondary heat exchanger 32 and / or valves 37 are extended.
- a further embodiment of all these embodiments provides a in the cold chain of the secondary cooling circuit 3.2 arranged in front (ie the heat exchanger 31 downstream) partial storage, which is not included in the cooling and by a suitable control for heating system parts or spaces of the substation 1 and / or is used for heating components of the transformer platform 1 before a cold start.
- FIG. 7 shows exemplary temperature curves B, C a temperature T of the coolant 39 as a function of a time t at time-dependent load L for a transformer platform 1 according to the invention with a plurality of coolant reservoirs 61, 63, 65 such as in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment.
- a load curve A is shown by way of example, in which the load L at a first time t 1 increases from a first load L 1 to a second load L 2 and to a second one Time t 2 decreases again to the first load L 1 .
- a first temperature profile B represents the temperature T of the coolant 39 when using a first coolant reservoir 61
- the second temperature curve C represents the temperature T of the coolant 39 when using the first coolant reservoir 61 and additionally a second coolant reservoir 65.
- the load L increases to the first load L 1 (in the example shown to about 50% of a nominal load).
- the coolant 39 is heated in the case of the first temperature profile B to a temperature T 1B and in the case of the second temperature profile C to a temperature T 1C .
- the second load L 2 in the illustrated example to more than 100% of rated load
- the temperature T of the coolant 39 decreases again.
- T 1B > T 1C and T 2B > T 2C since the heat capacity of the first coolant reservoir 61 is smaller than the common heat capacity of both coolant reservoirs 61, 65. Accordingly, a thermal time constant of the cooling system 3 changes by use of the additional coolant reservoir 65, so that this use leads to a slowing of the temperature increase.
- the cooling capacity of a cooling system 3 of the load L can be adjusted such that, when sufficiently large or many coolant reservoirs 61, 63, 65 are used, the permissible operating temperature of platform components is not exceeded 11 is coming.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Umspannplattform und eine dafür vorgesehene Kühlanlage.The invention relates to a transformer platform and a cooling system provided for this purpose.
Unter einer Umspannplattform wird hier allgemein ein Offshorebauwerk einschließlich dessen Offshoreplattform und Plattformfundaments verstanden. Darunter fallen insbesondere im engeren Sinne Umspannwerke, die auf einer Offshoreplattform installiert sind, wobei die Offshoreplattform und deren Plattformfundament Bestandteile des Offshore Umspannwerkes bilden. Im weiteren Sinne werden aber auch beispielsweise Windkraftanlagen mit den zugehörigen Fundamenten zu Umspannplattformen im Sinne dieser Anmeldung gezählt.A substation platform is generally understood to mean an offshore structure including its offshore platform and platform foundations. These include, in the narrower sense, substations that are installed on an offshore platform, whereby the offshore platform and its platform foundation form part of the offshore substation. In a broader sense but also, for example, wind turbines are counted with the associated foundations for substations in the context of this application.
Umspannplattformen weisen meist Fundamente auf, die aus Stahlrohren gebildet sind. Dabei kommen in Abhängigkeit von den jeweiligen Einsatzbedingungen verschiedene Konstruktionen zum Einsatz, beispielsweise Monopile-Fundamente, die nur einen einzelnen Pfahl aufweisen, Jacket-Fundamente, die eine Stahlfachwerkkonstruktion aufweisen, Tripod-Fundamente, die eine Dreibeinkonstruktion aus Stahlrohren aufweisen, welche unter Wasser einen Hauptpfahl stützt, Tripile-Fundamente, die drei am Meeresboden verankerte Pfähle aus Stahlrohr aufweisen, auf welche über Wasser eine Dreibeinkonstruktion aufgesetzt wird, oder Mehrpfahlsysteme.Substation platforms usually have foundations that are made of steel tubes. Depending on the particular conditions of use, various constructions are used, for example monopile foundations that have only a single pile, jacket foundations that have a steel truss structure, tripod foundations that have a tripod construction made of steel pipes, which has a main pile under water supports tripile foundations, which have three steel-tube piles anchored to the seabed, onto which a tripod construction is placed over water, or multi-pile systems.
Eine Kühlanlage für eine Umspannplattform dient der Kühlung von Plattformkomponenten der Umspannplattform, beispielsweise von Transformatoren. Zur Kühlung von Transformatoren werden unter anderem Radiatoren verwendet. Diese sind im Offshore-Bereich einer hohen korrosiven Belastung ausgesetzt. Insbesondere für Umspannplattformen zur Hochspannungs-GleichstromÜbertragung kommt auf Grund der hohen abzuführenden Gesamtverluste jedoch vorwiegend Wasserkühlung zum Einsatz. Die Verwendung von Meerwasser zur Kühlung bewirkt ebenfalls eine Verwendung von Meerwasser zur Kühlung bewirkt ebenfalls eine hohe Korrosionsbelastung der Kühlanlage, insbesondere von Pumpen für das Meerwasser.A cooling system for a substation platform is used to cool platform components of the substation, such as transformers. Radiators are used to cool transformers. These are exposed to high levels of corrosive pollution in the offshore area. In particular, for substations for high-voltage DC transmission but mainly water cooling is used due to the high dissipated total losses. The use of seawater for cooling also causes a Use of seawater for cooling also causes a high corrosion load of the cooling system, in particular of pumps for the seawater.
Aus der
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine verbesserte Kühlanlage für eine Umspannplattform und eine hinsichtlich der Kühlung verbesserte Umspannplattform anzugeben.The invention has for its object to provide an improved cooling system for a substation and an improved in terms of cooling substation.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß hinsichtlich der Kühlanlage durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 und hinsichtlich der Umspannplattform durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 13 gelöst.The object is achieved with respect to the cooling system by the features of claim 1 and with respect to the substation by the features of claim 13.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Kühlanlage ist für eine Umspannplattform konzipiert, die wenigstens ein Hohlstrukturelement aufweist. Die Kühlanlage umfasst einen Primärkühlkreislauf und einen Sekundärkühlkreislauf, die über einen Wärmetauscher thermisch gekoppelt sind. Der Sekundärkühlkreislauf weist wenigstens einen in einem Hohlstrukturelement angeordneten Kühlmittelspeicher für ein Kühlmittel des Sekundärkühlkreislaufs auf. Das Kühlmittel ist dabei vorzugsweise eine Kühlflüssigkeit, insbesondere Süßwasser.A cooling system according to the invention is designed for a transformer platform which has at least one hollow structural element. The cooling system comprises a primary cooling circuit and a secondary cooling circuit, which are thermally coupled via a heat exchanger. The secondary cooling circuit has at least one coolant reservoir arranged in a hollow structural element for a coolant of the secondary cooling circuit. The coolant is preferably a cooling liquid, in particular fresh water.
Unter einem Hohlstrukturelement einer Umspannplattform wird hier eine rohrartig ausgebildete Komponente der Offshoreplattform verstanden. Insbesondere bildet ein Hohlstrukturelement zumindest teilweise oder sogar vollständig die tragende Konstruktion des Plattformfundamentes der Offshoreplattform.Under a hollow structural element of a transformer platform is understood here a tube-like component of the offshore platform. In particular, a hollow structural element at least partially or even completely forms the supporting structure of the platform foundation of the offshore platform.
Die Kühlanlage nutzt also ohnehin vorhandene Hohlstrukturelemente der Umspannplattform als Behälter für Kühlmittelspeicher des Sekundärkühlkreislaufes. Dadurch werden die Baugröße der Kühlanlage und die Plattformkosten vorteilhaft reduziert. Übergang von S. 2a auf 3 ?!. Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht wenigstens einen Kühlmittelspeicher vor, der in einem Hohlstrukturelement an einer Wandung angeordnet ist, deren Außenoberfläche von die Umspannplattform umgebendem Wasser umströmt ist.The cooling system thus uses any existing hollow structural elements of the substation as a container for coolant storage of the secondary cooling circuit. As a result, the size of the cooling system and the platform costs are advantageously reduced. Transition from p. 2a to 3?!. A further embodiment of the invention provides at least one coolant reservoir, which is arranged in a hollow structural element on a wall, the outer surface of which flows around the transformer platform surrounding water.
Die Anordnung von Kühlmittelspeichern unterhalb des Wasserspiegels des die Umspannplattform umgebenden Wassers ermöglicht es vorteilhaft, dieses Wasser zur Kühlung des Kühlmittels im Sekundärkühlkreislaufs zu nutzen und damit vorteilhaft die zur Kühlung aufzubringende Kühlleistung zu reduzieren. Dabei ist die Anordnung eines Kühlmittelspeichers an einer Wandung des Hohlstrukturelements, deren Außenoberfläche von die Umspannplattform umgebendem Wasser umströmt ist, besonders vorteilhaft, da der Kühlmittelspeicher dann in besonders gutem thermischem Kontakt zu dem die Umspannplattform umgebenden Wasser angeordnet ist.The arrangement of coolant reservoirs below the water level of the surrounding the substation water makes it advantageous to use this water for cooling the coolant in the secondary cooling circuit and thus advantageously to reduce the cooling power to be applied for cooling. In this case, the arrangement of a coolant reservoir on a wall of the hollow structure element, whose outer surface is surrounded by the Umspannplattform surrounding water, particularly advantageous since the coolant reservoir is then arranged in particularly good thermal contact with the surrounding the substation water.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht wenigstens einen Kühlmittelspeicher vor, der in einem Hohlstrukturelement des Plattformfundaments der Umspannplattform angeordnet ist.A further embodiment of the invention provides at least one coolant reservoir, which is arranged in a hollow structural element of the platform foundation of the transformer platform.
Diese Ausgestaltung ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn das Plattformfundament unterhalb des Wasserspiegels des die Umspannplattform umgebenden Wassers angeordnete Hohlstrukturelemente mit großen Volumina aufweist, da sich derartige Hohlstrukturelemente besonders gut für die Aufnahme von Kühlmittelspeichern eignen.This configuration is particularly advantageous if the platform foundation has hollow structures arranged with large volumes below the water level of the water surrounding the transfer platform, since such hollow structure elements are particularly well suited for receiving coolant reservoirs.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht wenigstens eine Armatur vor, mittels derer wenigstens ein in einem Hohlstrukturelement angeordneter Kühlmittelspeicher in den Sekundärkühlkreislauf eingebunden und von dem Sekundärkühlkreislauf getrennt werden kann.A further embodiment of the invention provides at least one fitting, by means of which at least one arranged in a hollow structural element coolant reservoir can be integrated into the secondary cooling circuit and separated from the secondary cooling circuit.
Diese Ausgestaltung ermöglicht es, Kühlmittelspeicher bedarfsweise in den Sekundärkühlkreislauf einzubinden. Dadurch kann der Sekundärkühlkreislauf insbesondere bei Lastspitzen, die eine besonders intensive Kühlung erfordern, vorteilhaft erweitert und ein gleichmäßiger, der Last der Umspannplattform angepasster Betrieb der Kühlanlage erreicht werden.This embodiment makes it possible to incorporate coolant storage as needed in the secondary cooling circuit. As a result, the secondary cooling circuit can advantageously be extended, in particular during load peaks which require particularly intensive cooling, and a uniform operation of the cooling system adapted to the load of the transformer platform can be achieved.
Bei dieser Ausgestaltung wird vorzugsweise ein motorischer Antrieb für wenigstens eine Armatur, mittels derer wenigstens ein in einem Hohlstrukturelement angeordneter Kühlmittelspeicher in den Sekundärkühlkreislauf eingebunden und von dem Sekundärkühlkreislauf getrennt werden kann, eingesetzt.In this embodiment, preferably a motor drive for at least one valve, by means of which at least one arranged in a hollow structure element coolant reservoir can be integrated into the secondary cooling circuit and separated from the secondary cooling circuit, is used.
Dadurch lassen sich Kühlmittelspeicher vorteilhaft auf bedienfreundliche Art und gegebenenfalls automatisch bedarfsweise in den Sekundärkühlkreislauf einbinden.As a result, coolant reservoirs can advantageously be integrated in a user-friendly manner and optionally automatically as needed into the secondary cooling circuit.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht Süßwasser als Kühlmittel des Sekundärkühlkreislaufs vor.Another embodiment of the invention provides fresh water as a coolant of the secondary cooling circuit.
Süßwasser hat gegenüber Salzwasser, das häufig als Kühlmittel in herkömmlichen Kühlanlagen von Umspannplattformen eingesetzt wird, den Vorteil, dass es weniger korrosiv ist. Die Verwendung von Süßwasser verringert daher die Korrosionsbelastung der Kühlanlage und insbesondere der Pumpen des Sekundärkühlkreislaufs und senkt dadurch auch den Aufwand für Wartung und Pflege der Kühlanlage.Freshwater has the advantage of being less corrosive to salt water, which is often used as a refrigerant in conventional substation cooling systems. The use of fresh water therefore reduces the corrosion load of the cooling system and in particular the pumps of the secondary cooling circuit and thereby also reduces the cost of maintenance and care of the cooling system.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass wenigstens ein Hohlstrukturelement wenigstens teilweise mit Kühlmittel des Sekundärkühlkreislaufs befüllt ist, das in den Sekundärkühlkreislauf eingebunden ist.A further embodiment of the invention provides that at least one hollow structural element is at least partially filled with coolant of the secondary cooling circuit, which is integrated into the secondary cooling circuit.
Dadurch werden Hohlstrukturelemente selbst zu Kühlmittelspeichern im Sekundärkühlkreislauf. Dies ist insbesondere vorteilhaft, wenn Hohlstrukturelemente mit großen Außenoberflächen, die unterhalb des Wasserspiegels des die Umspannplattform umgebenden Wassers liegen, vorhanden sind und als Kühlmittelspeicher genutzt werden können, da in derartigen Hohlstrukturelementen gespeichertes Kühlmittel über deren Außenoberflächen effektiv und kostengünstig gekühlt werden kann.As a result, hollow structure elements themselves become coolant reservoirs in the secondary cooling circuit. This is particularly advantageous when hollow structure elements with large outer surfaces, which lie below the water level of the surrounding water surrounding the substation, are present and as a coolant reservoir can be used because stored in such hollow structural elements coolant can be cooled effectively and inexpensively on the outer surfaces.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht wenigstens einen in einem Hohlstrukturelement angeordneten Kühlmittelspeicher vor, der einen Wärmespeicher, insbesondere einen Wärmespeicher mit einer Wärmespeicherflüssigkeit zur Aufnahme von Wärme aus dem Kühlmittel, umfasst.
Der hier genannte Wärmespeicher ist im eigentlichen Sinne ein Kältespeicher für die Zeiten in denen die Kühlanlage volle Leistung erbringen muss, zum Beispiel bei maximaler Leistung eines Offshore-Windparks bei Vollwind.A further embodiment of the invention provides at least one arranged in a hollow structural element coolant reservoir, which comprises a heat storage, in particular a heat storage with a heat storage liquid for receiving heat from the coolant.
The heat storage referred to here is actually a cold storage for the times in which the cooling system must provide full power, for example, at maximum power of an offshore wind farm at full throttle.
Ein Wärmespeicher in einem Kühlmittelspeicher ermöglicht die Kühlung des Kühlmittels in dem Kühlmittelspeicher. Die Anordnung von Kühlmittelspeichern mit Wärmespeichern in Hohlstrukturelementen der Umspannplattform nutzt vorteilhaft die in den Hohlstrukturelementen vorhandenen Volumina zur platzsparenden und nahezu kostenfreien Unterbringung der Wärmespeicher. Diese Ausgestaltung ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Umspannplattform Hohlstrukturelemente mit großen Volumina aufweist, in denen Kühlmittelspeicher mit Wärmespeicher angeordnet werden können.A heat storage in a coolant reservoir allows the cooling of the coolant in the coolant reservoir. The arrangement of coolant reservoirs with heat accumulators in hollow structural elements of the transformer platform advantageously utilizes the volumes present in the hollow structural elements for space-saving and virtually free accommodation of the heat accumulators. This refinement is particularly advantageous if the transformer platform has hollow structure elements with large volumes, in which coolant reservoirs with heat accumulators can be arranged.
Eine Weitergestaltung dieser Ausgestaltung sieht wenigstens eine innerhalb eines Wärmespeichers angeordnete Strömungsleitvorrichtung für eine Wärmespeicherflüssigkeit des Wärmespeichers vor. Beispielsweise eignen sich dafür Strömungsleitvorrichtungen mit verschachtelt angeordneten dünnwandigen Zylindern zur Strömungsleitung.A further embodiment of this embodiment provides at least one arranged within a heat storage flow guide for a heat storage fluid of the heat accumulator. For example, flow guiding devices with nested thin-walled cylinders for flow conduction are suitable for this purpose.
Durch eine Strömungsleitvorrichtung kann vorteilhaft ein so genanntes Abstehen von Wärmespeicherflüssigkeit in dem Wärmespeicher vermieden werden.By means of a flow guiding device, a so-called protrusion of heat storage liquid in the heat accumulator can advantageously be avoided.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht alternativ oder ergänzend zu Wärmespeichern mit Wärmespeicherflüssigkeit wenigstens einen in einem Hohlstrukturelement angeordneten Kühlmittelspeicher, der einen Latentwärmespeicher umfasst, vor.A further embodiment of the invention provides an alternative or supplement to heat storage with heat storage fluid at least one arranged in a hollow structure element coolant reservoir, which comprises a latent heat storage ago.
Mit Latentwärmespeichern lassen sich die Wärmekapazitäten und damit die Kühlleistungen von Wärmespeichern vorteilhaft erhöhen.With latent heat storage, the heat capacity and thus the cooling capacity of heat storage can be increased advantageously.
Vorzugsweise werden Phasenwechselmaterialien zur Wärme-/Kältespeicherung genutzt. Bevorzugt lassen sich Paraffine und Paraffingemische von ihrem Enthalpie-Temperatur-Verlauf leicht auf den Temperaturbereich einer Offshore Kühlanlage abstimmen.Preferably phase change materials are used for heat / cold storage. Preferably, paraffins and paraffin mixtures can be easily matched to the temperature range of an offshore cooling system based on their enthalpy-temperature profile.
Vorzugsweise ist der Sekundärkühlkreislauf gegenüber der Umgebung der Umspannplattform hermetisch abgeschlossen.Preferably, the secondary cooling circuit is hermetically sealed relative to the surroundings of the transformer platform.
Dadurch wird das Eindringen von korrosivem Wasser und aggressiver Meerluft aus der Umgebung der Umspannplattform in den Sekundärkreislauf verhindert. Dies reduziert vorteilhaft die Korrosionsbelastung der Komponenten des Sekundärkreislaufs, insbesondere der Pumpen, verringert dadurch auch den Wartungsaufwand für diese Komponenten und erhöht deren Betriebssicherheit.This prevents the penetration of corrosive water and aggressive sea air from the surroundings of the transformer platform into the secondary circuit. This advantageously reduces the corrosion load of the components of the secondary circuit, in particular of the pumps, thereby also reducing the maintenance of these components and increases their reliability.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Umspannplattform weist eine erfindungsgemäße Kühlanlage auf und hat daher die oben genannten Vorteile.A transformer platform according to the invention has a cooling system according to the invention and therefore has the above-mentioned advantages.
Vorzugsweise weist eine derartige Umspannplattform ein Plattformfundament mit wenigstens einem Hohlstrukturelement auf, das als Behälter für wenigstens einen Kühlmittelspeicher des Sekundärkühlkreislaufs ausgebildet ist. Dadurch kann insbesondere das Plattformfundament platz- und kostensparend zur Unterbringung der Kühlmittelspeicher des Sekundärkühlkreislaufs genutzt werden.Preferably, such a transformer platform has a platform foundation with at least one hollow structural element, which is designed as a container for at least one coolant reservoir of the secondary cooling circuit. As a result, in particular the platform foundation can be used to save space and costs for accommodating the coolant reservoir of the secondary cooling circuit.
Die oben beschriebenen Eigenschaften, Merkmale und Vorteile dieser Erfindung sowie die Art und Weise, wie diese erreicht werden, werden klarer und deutlicher verständlich im Zusammenhang mit der folgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen, die im Zusammenhang mit den Zeichnungen näher erläutert werden. Dabei zeigen:
- FIG 1
- schematisch ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Umspannplattform mit einer Kühlanlage,
- FIG 2
- schematisch ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Umspannplattform mit einer Kühlanlage,
- FIG 3
- schematisch ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Umspannplattform mit einer Kühlanlage,
- FIG 4
- schematisch ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Umspannplattform mit einer Kühlanlage,
- FIG 5
- schematisch ein fünftes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Umspannplattform mit einer Kühlanlage in einer Seitenansicht,
- FIG 6
- eine Schnittdarstellung der in
dargestellten Umspannplattform, undFigur 5 - FIG 7
- Temperaturverläufe einer Temperatur eines Kühlmittels einer Kühlanlage einer Umspannplattform bei zeitabhängiger Last.
- FIG. 1
- schematically a first embodiment of a transformer platform with a cooling system,
- FIG. 2
- schematically a second embodiment of a transformer platform with a cooling system,
- FIG. 3
- schematically a third embodiment of a transformer platform with a cooling system,
- FIG. 4
- schematically a fourth embodiment of a transformer platform with a cooling system,
- FIG. 5
- schematically a fifth embodiment of a transformer platform with a cooling system in a side view,
- FIG. 6
- a sectional view of in
FIG. 5 illustrated substation, and - FIG. 7
- Temperature curves of a temperature of a coolant of a cooling system of a substation with time-dependent load.
Einander entsprechende Teile sind in allen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Corresponding parts are provided in all figures with the same reference numerals.
Die Umspannplattform 1 befindet sich im Wasser 7 im offenen Meer vor einer Küste. Das Plattformfundament der Umspannplattform 1 umfasst mehrere Standbeine bildende Hohlstrukturelemente 2, die als Stahlrohre ausgebildet sind und Fundamentbeine der Umspannplattform 1 bilden, die aus dem Wasser 7 herausragen und einen Plattformkopf 10 der Umspannplattform 1 tragen, auf dem sich die Plattformkomponente 11 befindet.The substation 1 is located in the
Die Kühlanlage 3 umfasst einen Primärkühlkreislauf 3.1 und einen Sekundärkühlkreislauf 3.2, die über einen Wärmetauscher 31 thermisch gekoppelt sind.The
Der Primärkühlkreislauf 3.1 ist thermisch direkt an die Plattformkomponente 11 gekoppelt. Er umfasst erste Rohrleitungen 35 und eine erste Pumpe 33.The primary cooling circuit 3.1 is thermally coupled directly to the
Der Sekundärkühlkreislauf 3.2 umfasst zweite Rohrleitungen 36, eine zweite Pumpe 34, einen Sekundärwärmetauscher 32 sowie mehrere Kühlmittelspeicher 61, 63, 65, die über motorisch angetriebene Armaturen 37 in den Sekundärkühlkreislauf 3.2 eingebunden und von dem Sekundärkühlkreislauf 3.2 getrennt werden können.The secondary cooling circuit 3.2 comprises
Dabei sind erste Kühlmittelspeicher 61 und zweite Kühlmittelspeicher 65 jeweils in einem der Standbeine bildenden Hohlstrukturelemente 2 zumindest teilweise unterhalb eines Wasserspiegels 71 des die Umspannplattform 1 umgebenden Wassers 7 und vorzugsweise austauschbar angeordnet. Ein dritter Kühlmittelspeicher 63 ist in dem die Umspannplattform 1 umgebenden Wasser 7 außerhalb der Standbeine bildenden Hohlstrukturelemente 2 angeordnet. Alle Kühlmittelspeicher 61, 63, 65 sind über zweite Rohrleitungen 36 in den Sekundärkühlkreislauf 3.2 eingebunden. Die einzelnen zweiten Rohrleitungen 36 sind in
Durch den Sekundärkühlkreislauf 3.2 wird mittels der zweiten Pumpe 34 ein Kühlmittel 39 gepumpt, das auch durch die Kühlmittelspeicher 61, 63, 65 geführt wird, sofern die Armaturen 37 entsprechend eingestellt sind.By the secondary cooling circuit 3.2, a
Die ersten Kühlmittelspeicher 61 und der dritte Kühlmittelspeicher 63 umfassen jeweils einen Wärmespeicher 67 mit einer Wärmespeicherflüssigkeit zur Aufnahme von Wärme aus dem Kühlmittel 39. Die zweiten Kühlmittelspeicher 65 umfassen jeweils einen Latentwärmespeicher zur Aufnahme von Wärme aus dem Kühlmittel 39, wobei die Latentwärmespeicher als Wärmespeichermedium Salze oder Paraffine enthalten. Die Wärmespeicher 67 der ersten Kühlmittelspeicher 61 und die Latentwärmespeicher der zweiten Kühlmittelspeicher 65 sind dabei jeweils an einer Wandung des sie enthaltenden Hohlstrukturelementes 2 angeordnet, deren Außenoberfläche von dem die Umspannplattform 1 umgebenden Wasser 7 umströmt ist. Dadurch wird dieses Wasser 7 vorteilhaft zur Kühlung des Kühlmittels im Sekundärkühlkreislauf 3.2 genutzt.The
Als Kühlmittel 39 wird im Sekundärkühlkreislauf 3.2 vorzugsweise Süßwasser verwendet.As the
Wie im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel befindet sich die Umspannplattform 1 im Wasser 7 im offenen Meer vor einer Küste und das Plattformfundament der Umspannplattform 1 umfasst mehrere Hohlstrukturelemente 2, die als Stahlrohre ausgebildet sind und Fundamentbeine der Umspannplattform 1 bilden. Diese Standbeine bildenden Hohlstrukturelemente 2 sind durch ein schräg zu ihnen und unterhalb des Wasserspiegels 71 des die Umspannplattform 1 umgebenden Wassers 7 verlaufendes Hohlstrukturelement 24 miteinander verbunden.As in the first embodiment, the substation 1 is located in the
Ebenfalls wie im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel umfasst die Kühlanlage 3 einen Primärkühlkreislauf 3.1 und einen Sekundärkühlkreislauf 3.2, die über einen Wärmetauscher 31 thermisch gekoppelt sind, wobei der Primärkühlkreislauf 3.1 thermisch direkt an die Plattformkomponente 11 gekoppelt und analog zum ersten Ausführungsbeispiel ausgebildet ist.As in the first embodiment, the
Der Sekundärkühlkreislauf 3.2 dieses Ausführungsbeispiels umfasst eine zweite Pumpe 34, zweite Rohrleitungen 36, einen ersten Wärmespeicher 67, einen Kühlmittelspeicher 61, der einen zweiten Wärmespeicher umfasst, das Innere des verbindenden Hohlstrukturelementes 24 sowie mit dem Kühlmittel 39 des Sekundärkühlkreislaufes 3.2 befüllte Bereiche 21 im Inneren der beiden Standbeine bildenden Hohlstrukturelemente 2. Wie in dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel wird in dem Sekundärkühlkreislauf 3.2 ein Kühlmittel 39, vorzugsweise Süßwasser, geführt.The secondary cooling circuit 3.2 of this embodiment comprises a
Der erste Wärmespeicher 67 ist in einem ersten der Standbeine bildenden Hohlstrukturelemente 2 angeordnet und von dem kühlmittelbefülltem Bereich 21 in dessen Inneren umgeben. Der Kühlmittelspeicher 61 mit dem zweiten Wärmespeicher ist entsprechend in dem zweiten der Standbeine bildenden Hohlstrukturelemente 2 angeordnet und von dem kühlmittelbefülltem Bereich 21 in dessen Inneren umgeben. Das Hohlstrukturelement 24 verbindet die kühlmittelbefüllten Bereiche 21 im Inneren der beiden Standbeine bildenden Hohlstrukturelemente 2 und ist zu ihnen offen, so dass Kühlmittel 39 aus diesen Bereichen 21 in das verbindende Hohlstrukturelement 24 fließen kann (und umgekehrt). Ferner weist ein unterer Abschnitt des Kühlmittelspeichers 61 eine Öffnung 28 zu dem kühlmittelbefüllten Bereich 21 in dem ihn enthaltenden Hohlstrukturelement 2 auf, so dass Kühlmittel 39 aus diesem Bereich 21 in den Kühlmittelspeicher 61 fließen kann.The
Die kühlmittelbefüllten Bereiche 21 in den Standbeine bildenden Hohlstrukturelementen 2 sind derart mit Kühlmittel 39 befüllt, dass ein Kühlmittelspiegel 73 des Kühlmittels in diesen Bereichen 21 über dem Wasserspiegel 71 des die Umspannplattform 1 umgebenden Wassers 7 liegt. Dadurch wird vorteilhaft verhindert, dass bei kleinen Leckagen der Hohlstrukturelemente 2, 24 sie umgebendes korrosives Wasser 7 in die Hohlstrukturelemente 2, 24 und damit in den Sekundärkühlkreislauf 3.2 eindringt.The coolant-filled
Das Kühlmittel 39 wird mittels der zweiten Pumpe 34 durch den Sekundärkühlkreislauf 3.2 gepumpt, so dass sich der durch die Pfeile in
Das Kühlmittel 39 wird dabei sowohl innerhalb der kühlmittelbefüllten Bereiche 21 des ein Standbein bildenden Hohlstrukturelementes 2 also auch innerhalb des verbindenden Hohlstrukturelementes 24 über die Wände dieser Hohlstrukturelemente 2, 24 von dem die Umspannplattform 1 umgebenden Wasser 7 gekühlt. Durch die bei der Kühlung zunehmende Dichte des Kühlmittels 39 wird bei dieser erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung die Antriebswirkung der zweiten Pumpe 34 durch den natürlichen Antrieb unterstützt. Insbesondere wird das Kühlmittel 39 innerhalb der Standbeine bildenden Hohlstrukturelemente 2 vorwiegend an deren am umgebenden Wasser 7 anliegenden Wänden nach unten geleitet, wodurch es durch die Kühlwirkung dieser Wände zu einer natürlichen Strömung des Kühlmittels 39 kommt.The
Der Kühlmittelspeicher 61 mit dem zweiten Wärmespeicher 67 ist durch eine zylindrische Wand von dem kühlmittelbefüllten Bereich 21 im Inneren des zweiten der Standbeine bildenden Hohlstrukturelemente 2 getrennt. Dadurch wird eine gegenseitige Beeinflussung der gegenläufigen Strömungen in diesem Kühlmittelspeicher 61 und dem ihn umgebenden kühlmittelbefüllten Bereich 21 vermieden.The
Das Plattformfundament dieses Ausführungsbeispiels ist als so genanntes Tripod-Fundament ausgebildet. Das Tripod-Fundament umfasst drei als Fundamentbeine ausgebildete Hohlstrukturelemente 2, mittels derer die Umspannplattform 1 auf einem Gewässerboden 8 aufgestellt ist, ein eine Trägerstruktur bildendes Hohlstrukturelement 25, dessen oberes Ende aus dem die Umspannplattform 1 umgebenden Wasser 7 herausragt und den Plattformkopf 10 der Umspannplattform 1 trägt, sowie für jedes Fundamentbein zwei verbindende Hohlstrukturelemente 23, 24, die das Fundamentbein mit dem die Trägerstruktur bildenden Hohlstrukturelement 25 verbinden. Dabei verläuft jeweils ein erstes verbindendes Hohlstrukturelement 24 von dem die Trägerstruktur bildenden Hohlstrukturelement 25 schräg abwärts zu dem ein Standbein bildenden Hohlstrukturelement 2 und das zweite verbindende Hohlstrukturelement 23 verläuft unterhalb des ersten verbindenden Hohlstrukturelementes 24 fast parallel zu dem Gewässerboden 8. Die verbindenden Hohlstrukturelemente 23, 24 weisen jeweils Öffnungen 28 zu dem die Trägerstruktur bildenden Hohlstrukturelement 25 und dem jeweiligen ein Standbein bildenden Hohlstrukturelement 2 auf, so dass die Innenräume aller Hohlstrukturelemente 2, 23, 24, 25 einen zusammenhängenden Hohlraum bilden, der gegenüber dem die Umspannplattform 1 umgebenden Wasser 7 abgeschlossen ist.The platform foundation of this embodiment is designed as a so-called tripod foundation. The tripod foundation comprises three formed as foundation legs
Die Kühlanlage 3 ist analog zu den in den
Analog zum in
Das Plattformfundament dieses Ausführungsbeispiels ist als so genanntes Tripile-Fundament ausgebildet. Das Tripile-Fundament umfasst drei als Fundamentbeine ausgebildete Hohlstrukturelemente 2, mittels derer die Umspannplattform 1 auf einem Gewässerboden 8 aufgestellt ist, ein eine Trägerstruktur bildendes Hohlstrukturelement 25, das oberhalb des Wasserspiegels 71 des die Umspannplattform 1 umgebenden Wassers 7 angeordnet ist und den Plattformkopf 10 der Umspannplattform 1 trägt, sowie für jedes ein Standbein bildendes Hohlstrukturelement 2 ein verbindendes Hohlstrukturelement 24, das ein ein Standbein bildendes Hohlstrukturelement 2 mit dem die Trägerstruktur bildenden Hohlstrukturelement 25 verbindet.The platform foundation of this embodiment is designed as a so-called tripile foundation. The tripile foundation comprises three formed as foundation legs
Die Kühlanlage 3 ist ebenfalls analog zu den in den
In den Standbeine bildenden Hohlstrukturelementen 2 sind als Füllstoffe oder Füllkörper ausgebildete Wärmespeicher 67 angeordnet, die von dem Kühlmittel 39 durch- und umflutet werden und dabei Wärme aus dem Kühlmittel 39 aufnehmen. Als Füllstoff eignet sich beispielsweise grobkörniger Kies. Als Füllkörper eignet sich ein massereicher Körper mit Kanälen, durch welche Kühlmittel 39 geführt wird.In the legs forming hollow
Die
Das Plattformfundament dieses Ausführungsbeispiels ist als so genanntes Schwerkraft-Fundament ausgebildet. Das Schwerkraft-Fundament umfasst zwei großvolumige auf dem Gewässerboden 8 aufliegende eine Gründung bildende Hohlstrukturelemente 26 und für jedes dieser Hohlstrukturelemente 26 zwei eine Trägerstruktur bildende Hohlstrukturelemente 25, die sich von dem jeweiligen eine Gründung bildenden Hohlstrukturelement 26 vertikal nach oben bis über den Wasserspiegel 71 des die Umspannplattform 1 umgebenden Wassers 7 erstrecken und zusammen den Plattformkopf 10 der Plattformkomponente 11 tragen. Der Innenraum jedes der die Gründung bildenden Hohlstrukturelemente 26 ist mit den Innenräumen der beiden zugehörigen eine Trägerstruktur bildenden Hohlstrukturelemente 25 verbunden, so dass diese Innenräume einen zusammenhängenden Hohlraum bilden.The platform foundation of this embodiment is designed as a so-called gravity foundation. The gravity foundation comprises two large-volume lying on the bottom of the
Die Kühlanlage 3 umfasst mehrere Primärkühlkreisläufe 3.1, die jeweils über einen Wärmetauscher 31 thermisch an einen Sekundärkühlkreislauf 3.2 für ein Kühlmittel 39 gekoppelt sind. Dabei wird jeder Sekundärkühlkreislauf 3.2 in einem der Hohlräume geführt, der aus dem Innenraum eines der die Gründung bildenden Hohlstrukturelemente 26 und den damit verbundenen Innenräumen der beiden zugehörigen eine Trägerstruktur bildenden Hohlstrukturelemente 25 gebildet wird. Diese Hohlräume sind jeweils teilweise mit dem Kühlmittel 39 befüllt. Die Wärmetauscher 31 sind jeweils in dem Innenraum eines der die Gründung bildenden Hohlstrukturelemente 26 in dem Kühlmittel 39 angeordnet. In dem Innenraum dieses Hohlstrukturelementes 26 ist ferner ein von dem Kühlmittel 39 durch-und/oder umfluteter Wärmespeicher 67 angeordnet, der als Füllkörper oder als Füllstoff ausgebildet ist und die Masse zur Gründung der Umspannplattform 1 erhöht. Die Wärmekapazität des Füllkörpers bzw. Füllstoffes wird zur Kühlung des Kühlmittels 39 verwendet. Als Füllstoff eignet sich wiederum beispielsweise grobkörniger Kies. Als Füllkörper eignet sich ein massereicher Körper mit Kanälen, durch welche Kühlmittel 39 geführt wird. Wie in den vorher beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen ist der Sekundärkühlkreislauf 3.2 gegenüber dem die Umspannplattform 1 umgebenden Wasser 7 verschlossen.The
Analog zum in
Die Befüllung wird wiederum so gewählt, dass über dem Kühlmittelspiegel 73 ein luftbefüllter kühlmittelfreier Ausgleichsraum 29 verbleibt, um temperaturbedingte Volumenänderungen des Kühlmittels 39 im Sekundärkühlkreislauf 3.2 auszugleichen. Der Ausgleichsraum 29 ist zum Schutz vor aggressiver Meerluft über das Filtersystem 38 mit einer Umgebung der Umspannplattform 1 verbunden, um Meerluft aus der Umgebung vor dem Eindringen in den Ausgleichsraum 29 zu entfeuchten und/oder aggressive Bestandteile aus der Meerluft herauszufiltern. Alternativ wird der Ausgleichsraum 29 entsprechend dem anhand von
Die in den
Die Kühlmitteltemperatur T hat sich bis zu dem Zeitpunkt t=0 nach einer Zeit ohne Belastung zunächst der Temperatur T0 des die Umspannplattform 1 umgebenden Wassers 7 angenähert. Zum Zeitpunkt t=0 erhöht sich die Last L auf die erste Last L1 (im dargestellten Beispiel auf etwa 50 % einer Nennlast). Bis zur Zeit t1 erwärmt sich das Kühlmittel 39 im Fall des ersten Temperaturverlaufes B auf eine Temperatur T1B und im Fall des zweiten Temperaturverlaufes C auf eine Temperatur T1C. Nach Erhöhung der Last L auf die zweite Last L2 (im dargestellten Beispiel auf über 100 % der Nennlast) erwärmt sich das Kühlmittel 39 im Fall des ersten Temperaturverlaufes B weiter auf eine Temperatur T2B und im Fall des zweiten Temperaturverlaufes C auf eine Temperatur T2C. Ab der Zeit t2 nimmt die Temperatur T des Kühlmittels 39 wieder ab.The coolant temperature T has initially approximated the temperature T 0 of the
Dabei sind T1B > T1C und T2B > T2C, da die Wärmekapazität des ersten Kühlmittelspeichers 61 kleiner als die gemeinsame Wärmekapazität beider Kühlmittelspeicher 61, 65 ist. Entsprechend ändert sich eine thermische Zeitkonstante der Kühlanlage 3 durch Einsatz des zusätzlichen Kühlmittelspeichers 65, so dass dieser Einsatz zu einer Verlangsamung des Temperaturanstieges führt.Here, T 1B > T 1C and T 2B > T 2C , since the heat capacity of the
Durch eine Wahl und/oder Kombination geeigneter Kühlmittelspeicher 61, 63, 65 lässt sich daher die Kühlleistung einer Kühlanlage 3 der Last L derart anpassen, dass es bei Verwendung ausreichend großer oder vieler Kühlmittelspeicher 61, 63, 65 nicht zum Überschreiten einer zulässigen Betriebstemperatur von Plattformkomponenten 11 kommt.By a choice and / or combination of
Dieser Effekt bietet sich beispielsweise zur Nutzung der Kühlanlagen 3 im Überlastbetrieb an, um beispielsweise in Offshore-Windparks die oftmals nur kurze Zeit verfügbaren Windspitzen zu nutzen. Weiterhin lässt sich durch eine lastabhängige Verwendung von Kühlmittelspeichern 61, 63, 65 eine Verringerung der Temperaturschwankungen in den zu kühlenden elektrischen Plattformkomponenten 11 erreichen.This effect lends itself, for example, to the use of the
Obwohl die Erfindung im Detail durch bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele näher illustriert und beschrieben wurde, so ist die Erfindung nicht durch die offenbarten Beispiele eingeschränkt und andere Variationen können vom Fachmann hieraus abgeleitet werden, ohne den Schutzumfang der Erfindung zu verlassen.While the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by way of preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples, and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (14)
- Cooling system (3) for a transformer platform (1), wherein the transformer platform (1) has at least one hollow structural element (2, 23, 24, 25, 26), and wherein- the cooling system (3) comprises a primary cooling circuit (3.1) and a secondary cooling circuit (3.2) which are thermally coupled via a heat exchanger (31),- and the secondary cooling circuit (3.2) has at least one coolant reservoir (61, 63, 65), which is arranged in a hollow structural element (2, 23, 24, 25, 26), for a coolant (39) of the secondary cooling circuit (3.2),characterized in that
the hollow structural element (2, 23, 24, 25, 26) is a tubular component which at least partially constitutes the load-bearing structure of the platform foundation of the transformer platform (1). - Cooling system (3) according to Claim 1,
characterized by
at least one coolant reservoir (61, 63, 65) which is arranged in a hollow structural element (2, 23, 24, 25, 26) below the water level (71) of the water (7) surrounding the transformer platform (1). - Cooling system (3) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
at least one coolant reservoir (61, 63, 65) which is arranged in a hollow structural element (2, 23, 24, 25, 26) on a wall around whose outer surface flows water (7) surrounding the transformer platform (1). - Cooling system (3) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
at least one valve (37) by means of which at least one coolant reservoir (61, 63, 65) arranged in a hollow structural element (2, 23, 24, 25, 26) can be integrated into the secondary cooling circuit (3.2) and isolated from the secondary cooling circuit (3.2). - Cooling system (3) according to Claim 4,
characterized by
a motor drive for at least one valve (37) by means of which at least one coolant reservoir (61, 63, 65) arranged in a hollow structural element (2, 23, 24, 25, 26) can be integrated into the secondary cooling circuit (3.2) and isolated from the secondary cooling circuit (3.2). - Cooling system (3) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
fresh water as coolant (39) of the secondary cooling circuit (3.2) . - Cooling system (3) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that at least one hollow structural element (2, 23, 24, 25, 26) is filled at least partially with coolant (39) of the secondary cooling circuit (3.2), which hollow structural element is integrated into the secondary cooling circuit (3.2). - Cooling system (3) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
at least one coolant reservoir (61, 63, 65) which is arranged in a hollow structural element (2, 23, 24, 25, 26) and comprises a heat reservoir (67). - Cooling system (3) according to Claim 8,
characterized by
at least one flow-guiding device, which is arranged inside a heat reservoir (67), for a heat-storage liquid of the heat reservoir (67). - Cooling system (3) according to Claim 9,
characterized in that at least one flow-guiding device comprises cylinders arranged in a nested manner. - Cooling system (3) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
at least one coolant reservoir (61, 63, 65) which is arranged in a hollow structural element (2, 23, 24, 25, 26) and comprises a latent heat reservoir. - Cooling system (3) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the secondary cooling circuit (3.2) including at least one hollow structural element (2, 23, 24, 25, 26) forming a coolant reservoir is hermetically closed off with respect to the surroundings of the transformer platform (1). - Transformer platform (1) having a cooling system (3) according to one of the preceding claims.
- Transformer platform (1) according to Claim 13,
characterized by
a platform foundation having at least one hollow structural element (2, 23, 24, 25, 26) which is designed as a container for at least one coolant reservoir (61, 63, 65) of the secondary cooling circuit (3.2).
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12192537.4A EP2733265B1 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2012-11-14 | Cooling system for a transformer platform |
DK12192537.4T DK2733265T3 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2012-11-14 | Cooling system for a transformer platform |
PL12192537T PL2733265T3 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2012-11-14 | Cooling system for a transformer platform |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12192537.4A EP2733265B1 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2012-11-14 | Cooling system for a transformer platform |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2733265A1 EP2733265A1 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
EP2733265B1 true EP2733265B1 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP12192537.4A Active EP2733265B1 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2012-11-14 | Cooling system for a transformer platform |
Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP2733265B1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2733265T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2733265T3 (en) |
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DE102016200800B4 (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2017-08-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | offshore construction |
EP3715759A1 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-09-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Cooling system, arrangement of a cooler of the cooling system, cleaning device for the cooler and system with cooling system |
Family Cites Families (2)
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CN101006532A (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2007-07-25 | 西门子公司 | System for cooling components of wind power stations |
DE102004063508B4 (en) * | 2004-12-27 | 2008-10-16 | Siemens Ag | Electrical component with cooling circuit for underwater operation |
-
2012
- 2012-11-14 DK DK12192537.4T patent/DK2733265T3/en active
- 2012-11-14 EP EP12192537.4A patent/EP2733265B1/en active Active
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DK2733265T3 (en) | 2018-03-12 |
EP2733265A1 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
PL2733265T3 (en) | 2018-07-31 |
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