EP3316268B1 - Transformateur doté d'un élément de radiateur chauffé - Google Patents

Transformateur doté d'un élément de radiateur chauffé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3316268B1
EP3316268B1 EP17193689.1A EP17193689A EP3316268B1 EP 3316268 B1 EP3316268 B1 EP 3316268B1 EP 17193689 A EP17193689 A EP 17193689A EP 3316268 B1 EP3316268 B1 EP 3316268B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
boiler
heat
heated
radiator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17193689.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
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EP3316268A1 (fr
Inventor
Florian BACHINGER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Austria GmbH
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Siemens Energy Austria GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3316268A1 publication Critical patent/EP3316268A1/fr
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Publication of EP3316268B1 publication Critical patent/EP3316268B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12—Oil cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/02—Casings
    • H01F27/025—Constructional details relating to cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/16—Water cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical device for connection to a high-voltage network with a tank which is filled with an insulating fluid and in which a magnetizable core and at least one winding surrounding a section of the core are arranged, and a cooling system which comprises at least one radiator which arranged outside the boiler and connected to it for circulating the insulating fluid via the radiator, the radiator having at least two heat exchange members connected in parallel, only one of the heat exchange members as a heated heat exchange member being in thermally conductive connection with a heat source which is activated when the operation of the electrical device generates heat.
  • the invention also relates to a method for cold starting an electrical device that has a tank that is filled with an insulating fluid and in which a magnetizable core and at least one winding enclosing a section of the core are arranged, and a cooling system that includes at least one radiator , which is arranged outside the boiler and connected to it for circulating the insulating fluid via the radiator, the radiator having at least two heat exchange members connected in parallel, in which only one of the heat exchange members is heated as a heated heat exchange member with the aid of a heat source.
  • Such an electrical device and such a method are from US Pat DE 19816650 A1 already known.
  • a mast transformer is described which is designed as a so-called hermetic transformer.
  • Hermetic transformers have a tank which is encapsulated gas-tight from the outside atmosphere and which is filled with an insulating fluid such as a mineral oil. Volume fluctuations due to temperature are received either by bulging the tank or by the compression of a gas cushion provided in the tank.
  • the mast transformer has two cooling channels for cooling, one cooling channel being of a larger caliber than the other.
  • the DE 317 410 A discloses an electrical device having a tank filled with an insulating fluid.
  • An active part extends inside the tank, which generates heat and has to be cooled during operation.
  • a circulation pipe is provided which extends from the upper area of the tank to the lower area and is equipped with a heating coil. The heating coil ensures a forced convection of the oil bath, so that the entire oil bath is circulated through the circulation pipe and participates in the cooling of the active part.
  • Transformers usually have a tank filled with insulating fluid in which a magnetizable core is arranged.
  • the core forms a leg which is arranged concentrically to a low-voltage and high-voltage winding surrounding it.
  • the insulating fluid is used to electrically isolate the windings which are at high voltage potential when the electrical device is in operation, from the boiler which is at ground potential.
  • the insulating fluid provides the necessary cooling for the windings.
  • the insulating fluid heated by the windings is circulated via radiators attached to the outside of the boiler.
  • the viscosity of the insulating fluid is temperature-dependent and increases very sharply with falling temperatures. Due to the increased viscosity, the circulation of the insulating fluid over the radiator (s) is impaired at low outside temperatures, below -10 ° C. This is particularly problematic after the electrical device has been inactive for a long time, since the insulating fluid is then completely cooled down.
  • the height Viscosity must be taken into account with regard to the reduced cooling capacity of the cooling system when the electrical device is cold started, otherwise the windings can be overheated.
  • a transformer is started with no load or under reduced load. If the electrical device has active cooling, pumps for circulating the insulating fluid via the radiator can only be switched on when the insulating fluid in the boiler has exceeded a minimum temperature threshold. In some cases, however, this temperature threshold is only reached after a few days.
  • esters and silicone oils are increasingly being used in electrical devices of the type mentioned above.
  • Ester oils as insulating fluids have improved environmental compatibility.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an electrical device and a method of the type mentioned at the beginning with which a cold start can be accelerated cost-effectively and can also be carried out at lower temperatures.
  • the invention solves this problem based on the aforementioned electrical device in that the heat source is the boiler filled with insulating fluid, the boiler and / or the insulating fluid being connected in a thermally conductive manner to the heated heat exchange member via at least one heat pipe.
  • the invention achieves the object in that the heated heat exchange element is heated by means of at least one heat pipe through the boiler which heats up during cold starting, with each heat pipe is placed between the boiler and the heated heat exchange member.
  • an electrical device which, in order to facilitate the cold start, uses the thermal energy provided by a heat source in order to specifically heat a single heat exchange element of a radiator.
  • the heated heat exchange element is warmed up, so that here the insulating fluid is initially passed exclusively over the heated heat exchange element after a cold start after a short time.
  • the circulation of the heated insulating fluid over the heated heat exchange element ensures an additional temperature increase there. From the heat exchange member heated in this way, the heat is gradually transferred to the other heat exchange members.
  • the heating of a single heat exchange element is sufficient to initiate the heating of the electrical device.
  • the additional effort in the production of the electrical device or the implementation of the method according to the invention is therefore limited to a minimum. According to the invention, high additional costs are avoided.
  • the invention enables the use of alternative insulating fluids in colder climates.
  • the cooling system can be a so-called active cooling system, which has pumps for circulating the insulating fluid over the radiator or radiators.
  • the cooling system can also be a passive cooling system in which the movement of the insulating fluid is caused exclusively by thermal lift.
  • the insulating fluid heated by the winding or windings rises due to its lower density compared to the heated fluid and is replaced by colder insulating fluid flowing in afterwards.
  • the weight difference between the differently heated columns of liquid in the winding channels or in the boiler on the one hand and the cooling system on the other hand creates a pressure difference, which serves as the driving force of the fluid circuit.
  • the circulation in the cooling system begins by heating the insulating fluid in the heated heat exchange element, since the resistance in the form of a highly viscous insulating fluid is reduced to such an extent that the driving pressure difference gets the circuit going.
  • the heating reaches a temperature level that allows the pumps to be switched on more quickly.
  • the current required by the pump during a cold start is reduced.
  • the term heat exchange member is to be understood in the context of the invention as a hollow body through which the insulating fluid is passed.
  • the outside of the heat exchange element is in thermally conductive contact with the outside atmosphere, so that the heat of the heated insulating fluid can be given off to the outside atmosphere via the wall of the heat exchange element.
  • the heat exchange element consists of a material with a high thermal conductivity, for example an appropriate metal.
  • the heat exchange is further improved when the heat exchange member forms a large heat exchange surface.
  • the heat exchange element in other words the radiator element, is designed in the form of a plate and has plates or panels arranged parallel to one another. The panels can each delimit meandering flow channels through which the insulating fluid is guided.
  • each heat exchange member is tubular and has one or more parallel to each other switched tubular heat exchange elements.
  • Tubular elements also have a large surface area.
  • the radiators can be equipped with fans or ventilators with which the cooling of the insulating fluid can be further improved.
  • the heat source is the boiler filled with insulating fluid, the boiler and / or the insulating fluid being / is connected in a thermally conductive manner to the heated heat exchange member via at least one heat pipe.
  • a separate electrical heating source has become superfluous. Rather, the heating of the boiler that occurs when the operation is started under reduced load is used to reduce the viscosity of the insulating fluid in the heated heat exchange element.
  • the electrical device is started while idling, with the core essentially heating up.
  • the heated winding ensures that the insulating fluid surrounding it is heated, and the usual convection ensures that the boiler housing is heated.
  • Heat present in the boiler or in the insulating fluid is transferred to the heated heat exchange element by means of at least one heat pipe.
  • Heat pipes so-called “heat pipes”, essentially have a hermetically encapsulated housing in which a working medium, such as water, is in the liquid and gaseous phase.
  • a capillary structure is also arranged in the heat pipe. If the heat pipe is heated at its heat-absorbing end, the liquid present there evaporates and reaches the colder heat-dissipating end via the gas phase. This is where a condensation process sets in, releasing heat. The condensed liquid working medium is transported back to the heat-absorbing end of the heat pipe via the inner capillary structure.
  • a heat pipe is therefore a heat exchanger with which high heat flows can be transferred with a small temperature difference.
  • the or each heat pipe is either connected in a thermally conductive manner to the insulating fluid inside the boiler or to the boiler itself.
  • the heat of the insulating fluid or the boiler ensures that the working medium evaporates within the heat pipe and transports the gaseous working medium to the colder end of the heat pipe, which, due to the heat-conducting connection, releases the enthalpy of condensation to the heated heat exchange element due to the heat-conducting connection.
  • each heat pipe is in contact with its heat absorbing end with the outer wall of the boiler, the heat output end of the heat pipe being in contact with the heated heat exchange element.
  • the heat pipe is in direct contact with the boiler and the heated heat exchange element. If a heat pipe is arranged on the outside of the boiler, the oil compatibility of the heat pipe does not have to be checked. Furthermore a risk to the electrical device as a result of damage to the heat pipe is also excluded.
  • heat pipes are advantageously provided within the scope of this variant.
  • electrical devices such as transformers or chokes, which are set up for connection to a high-voltage network, with heat pipes attached to the outside of the boiler in order to keep the cold start behavior of the respective transformer or choke in the frame to improve the method according to the invention.
  • Each radiator expediently has an upper inlet and a lower return, which are each connected to the boiler via the heat exchange elements, the heated heat exchange element being at the smallest distance from the boiler.
  • the heat exchange element with the smallest distance from the boiler is also referred to in the context of the invention as the innermost heat exchange element. Because of the small distance, the innermost heat exchange element can be heated easily and inexpensively.
  • heat pipes i.e. at least two heat pipes
  • several heat pipes are provided which extend in the area of the upper inlet and optionally also in the area of the lower return between the heated heat exchange element and the boiler.
  • a natural flow only occurs in the heated heat exchange element if the temperature of the insulating fluid in the external radiator is lower than the temperature of the insulating fluid in the boiler. Excessive heating of the heated heat exchange element could therefore lead to a reduced circulation speed.
  • the heated heat exchange member is at least partially enclosed by a heat damping layer. This thermal insulation simplifies and accelerates the heating of the insulating fluid in the heated heat exchange element.
  • the cooling system is expediently a passive cooling system.
  • passive cooling systems do not have any pumps, radiators or the like.
  • the cooling system is an active cooling system, in particular radiators or radiator batteries with fans or fans being used within the scope of the invention.
  • the electrical device preferably has a cooling system which has several radiators, but only one radiator is equipped with a heated heat exchange element.
  • the heated heat exchange member accelerates the heating of the first radiator. From this, however, the warming radiates to the other radiators in the cooling system.
  • the heated heat exchange element is heated with the aid of an electrical heating source. It is particularly useful here if the electrical heating source forms heating wires.
  • the heated heat exchange element is heated by means of at least one heat pipe through the boiler which heats up during cold starting, each heat pipe being arranged between the boiler and the heated heat exchange element.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a commercially available radiator 1 in a schematic side view. It can be seen that the radiator 1 has an upper inlet 2 which is hydraulically connected to a return 4 via heat exchange or radiator members 3. The inlet 2 and the return 4 each have an inlet and outlet opening pointing to the left, via which the radiator 1 after its assembly with the interior of an in Figure 1 communicates boiler not shown.
  • the insulating fluid of the said boiler can then be circulated via the inlet 2, the heat exchange members 3 and the return 4 via the radiator 1 with its heat exchange members 3.
  • the heat exchange members 3 are made of a thermally conductive material, such as a metal, and are in thermal contact with the outside atmosphere. If the insulating fluid is passed over the heat exchange elements, heat is thus given off from the heated insulating fluid to the colder outside atmosphere.
  • FIG 2 shows a heat exchange member 3 in an end view. It can be seen that the heat exchange members 3 are plate-shaped. In other words, the in Figure 1
  • the radiator 1 shown is a so-called plate radiator.
  • the plate-shaped heat exchange members 3 each delimit flow channels through which the insulating fluid circulated via the heat exchange members 3 is guided. Finally, the insulating fluid arrives in the collecting return line 4 and from there arrives back into the interior of the boiler as a cooled insulating fluid.
  • FIG 3 shows an embodiment of the electrical device 5 according to the invention, which is designed here as a transformer.
  • the transformer 5 has a tank 6 which is filled with an insulating fluid 7.
  • a magnetizable core 8 and windings 9 are arranged in the boiler 6, of which in the Figure 3 however, only one winding is indicated schematically.
  • the windings 9 here include a so-called high-voltage winding and a so-called low-voltage winding, which are arranged concentrically to a leg 10 as a core 8.
  • the mode of operation of such a transformer is known to the person skilled in the art, so that it will not be discussed in more detail at this point.
  • the necessary connection lines for connecting the windings to a high-voltage network are also not shown in the figures for reasons of clarity.
  • the transformer 5 is equipped with a cooling system 11 attached to the outside of the boiler 6, which here only has a radiator 1 according to FIG Figure 1 includes. It can be seen that the inlet 2 and the return 4 open into the interior of the boiler 6. Since the inlet 2 and the return 4 are connected to one another via heat exchange members 3, the insulating fluid 7 can be circulated via the radiator.
  • the insulating fluid 7 After the electrical device 5 has been idle for a long time, the insulating fluid 7 has cooled down completely. In particular at low outside temperatures, for example in the range from -10 to -50 degrees, the insulating fluid 7 has such a high viscosity, in other words it is so viscous that it is no longer circulated via the radiator 1 even after a longer start-up process. For this reason, the heat pipes 13 are provided with which an improved heat transfer between the boiler 6 and the innermost heat exchange member 12 is provided. Thus, within the scope of the invention, the high-voltage winding of the windings 9 can be connected to the high-voltage network.
  • the low-voltage winding is applied to a resistor suitable for this purpose, so that the transformer 5 is not operated under full load. This leads to a gradual heating of the insulating fluid 7 and thus the outer wall of the boiler 6. Some of the heat generated is transferred by means of the heat pipes 13 to the heated heat exchange member 12, which is thus heated including the insulating fluid 7 arranged therein. The temperature of the heated heat exchange member 12 is thus higher than that of the heat exchange members 13 located further out. The viscosity of the insulating fluid in the heated heat exchange member therefore decreases.
  • the load regulation during a cold start can be arbitrary within the scope of the invention. Notwithstanding the abovementioned implementations of the cold start, the electrical device according to the invention can also be started under full load.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transformer Cooling (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Appareil (5) électrique à connecter à un réseau de haute tension, comprenant
    - une cuve (6), qui est remplie d'un fluide (7) isolant et dans laquelle sont disposés un noyau (8) magnétisable et au moins un enroulement (9) entourant un tronçon (10) du noyau (8), et
    - une installation (11) de refroidissement, qui comprend au moins un radiateur (1), qui est disposé à l'extérieur de la cuve (6) et qui y est relié pour la recirculation du fluide (7) isolant par l'intermédiaire du radiateur (1), le radiateur (1) ayant au moins deux éléments (3) d'échange de chaleur montés en parallèle entre eux,
    dans lequel seul l'un des éléments (3) d'échange de chaleur est, en tant qu'élément (12) d'échange de chaleur chauffé, en liaison conductrice de la chaleur avec une source de chaleur, qui produit de la chaleur au démarrage du fonctionnement de l'appareil (5) électrique,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la source de chaleur est la cuve (6) remplie de fluide isolant, la cuve (6) et/ou le fluide (7) isolant étant relié, de manière à conduire la chaleur, à l'élément (12) d'échange de chaleur chauffé, par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un caloduc (13).
  2. Appareil (5) électrique suivant la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    chaque caloduc (13) est en contact, par une extrémité d'absorption de la chaleur, avec une paroi extérieure de la cuve et, par une extrémité cédant de la chaleur, avec l'élément (12) d'échange de chaleur chauffé.
  3. Appareil (5) électrique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chaque radiateur (1) a une arrivée (2) supérieure et un retour (4) inférieur, qui communiquent entre eux respectivement par la cuve (6) et par l'intermédiaire des éléments (3) d'échange de chaleur, l'élément (12) d'échange de chaleur chauffé ayant la distance la plus petite à la cuve (6).
  4. Appareil (5) électrique suivant la revendication 3,
    caractérisé en ce que des caloducs (13) s'étendent à la fois dans la partie de l'arrivée (2) supérieure et dans la partie du retour (4) inférieur entre l'élément (12) d'échange de chaleur chauffé et la cuve (6).
  5. Appareil (5) électrique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que l'élément (12) d'échange de chaleur chauffé est entouré au moins par endroit d'une couche calorifuge.
  6. Appareil (5) électrique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que l'installation de refroidissement est une installation de refroidissement passive.
  7. Appareil (5) électrique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que l'installation de refroidissement a plusieurs radiateurs, seulement un radiateur cependant ayant un élément d'échange de chaleur chauffé.
  8. Procédé de démarrage à froid d'un appareil électrique, qui a une cuve (6), qui est remplie d'un fluide (7) isolant et dans laquelle sont disposés un noyau (8) magnétisable, et au moins un enroulement (9) entourant un tronçon (10) du noyau (8), et une installation (11) de refroidissement, qui comprend au moins un radiateur (1), qui est disposé à l'extérieur de la cuve (6) et qui est relié à celle-ci pour la recirculation du fluide (7) isolant par l'intermédiaire du radiateur (1), le radiateur (1) ayant au moins deux éléments (3) d'échange de chaleur montés en parallèle entre eux, dans lequel on ne chauffe, comme élément (12) d'échange de chaleur chauffé, à l'aide d'une source de chaleur que l'un des éléments (3) d'échange de chaleur,
    caractérisé en ce que
    on chauffe l'élément (12) d'échange de chaleur chauffé, au moyen d'au moins un caloduc (13) par la cuve (6) s'échauffant au démarrage à froid, chaque caloduc (13), étant disposé entre la cuve (6) et l'élément (12) d'échange de chaleur chauffé.
EP17193689.1A 2016-10-26 2017-09-28 Transformateur doté d'un élément de radiateur chauffé Active EP3316268B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016221080.7A DE102016221080A1 (de) 2016-10-26 2016-10-26 Transformator mit beheiztem Radiatorenglied

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3316268A1 EP3316268A1 (fr) 2018-05-02
EP3316268B1 true EP3316268B1 (fr) 2021-05-26

Family

ID=59974309

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17193689.1A Active EP3316268B1 (fr) 2016-10-26 2017-09-28 Transformateur doté d'un élément de radiateur chauffé

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US10707007B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3316268B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2982530C (fr)
DE (1) DE102016221080A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10130009B2 (en) * 2017-03-15 2018-11-13 American Superconductor Corporation Natural convection cooling for power electronics systems having discrete power dissipation components
EP3767651A1 (fr) * 2019-07-17 2021-01-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de refroidissement d'un transformateur

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE317410C (de) * 1918-02-09 1919-12-18 Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh Einrichtung zum kühlen des öles in ölkessein für elektrische apparate
DE549192C (de) 1928-12-16 1932-04-25 Aeg Verfahren zur UEbertragung der Waerme von OEl auf Wasser bei wassergekuehlten elektrischen Apparaten mit OElfuellung
GB1597469A (en) * 1977-12-14 1981-09-09 Jackson P A Cooling of a shelter containing a heat source
US4195686A (en) * 1978-06-29 1980-04-01 General Electric Company Heat exchanger air deflectors
US4321421A (en) * 1979-03-07 1982-03-23 General Electric Company Vaporization cooled transformer having a high voltage
DE19816650A1 (de) * 1998-04-15 1999-10-21 Jeannette Bastian Für niedrige Umgebungstemperaturen besonders geeignete Anordnung temperaturabhängig von Isolierflüssigkeit abwechselnd durchströmter Kühlkanäle samt Alternierung bewirkender Vorrichtung für elektrische Transformatoren mit Thermosiphon-Kühlung
AU2009200007A1 (en) * 2008-01-10 2009-07-30 Chk Gridsense Pty Ltd A transformer and a method of monitoring an operation property of the transformer

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3316268A1 (fr) 2018-05-02
DE102016221080A1 (de) 2018-04-26
CA2982530C (fr) 2021-01-12
US20180114626A1 (en) 2018-04-26
US10707007B2 (en) 2020-07-07
CA2982530A1 (fr) 2018-04-26

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