EP3315668B1 - Method and system for the compaction of a soil - Google Patents

Method and system for the compaction of a soil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3315668B1
EP3315668B1 EP17196537.9A EP17196537A EP3315668B1 EP 3315668 B1 EP3315668 B1 EP 3315668B1 EP 17196537 A EP17196537 A EP 17196537A EP 3315668 B1 EP3315668 B1 EP 3315668B1
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Prior art keywords
soil
measurement data
sensors
simulation
control device
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EP17196537.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3315668A1 (en
Inventor
Jens Kardel
Charles-Andre Uhlig
Werner Fahle
Stefan Graul
Torsten Bahl
Günter KUNZE
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GMB GmbH
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GMB GmbH
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/046Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
    • E02D3/054Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil involving penetration of the soil, e.g. vibroflotation
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/66Mould-pipes or other moulds
    • E02D5/665Mould-pipes or other moulds for making piles
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/18Placing by vibrating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for compacting soils according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to a system for compacting soils according to the preamble of patent claim 6.
  • a tool for example a shaker-lance set, is made to vibrate by vibration or oscillation and is sunk into the ground and withdrawn again several times and at certain intervals.
  • the vibrations of the vibrator-lance set briefly reduce the frictional force between the individual grains of the soil with the support of air and / or water.
  • the grains of the soil can then change into a more dense state of storage.
  • existing cavities in the subsoil can be reduced in size or completely closed.
  • a more dense storage of the soil is established.
  • the pore spaces between the soil grains shrink. This process is also called vibration pressure compaction.
  • the solidified soil which is more densely packed as a result, is suitable for carrying greater loads and is less sensitive to deformation.
  • the vibrating plug method is also particularly suitable for soil materials with a very high proportion of fine grain. With such materials, compaction of the subsoil itself is often no longer sufficient possible.
  • the vibrating pressure or vibrating plug process usually works in alternating steps. First, the vibrator-lance set is sunk into the ground and optionally water and / or compressed air is supplied to support the process. This is followed by a partial withdrawal, lingering, renewed withdrawal and renewed lingering, etc. according to a defined distance and a defined dwell time of the vibrator-lance set.
  • the addition of fluid supports the mobilization of the soil material during the various phases of the compaction process.
  • the continuous supply of backfill material into the space under and around the vibrator tip ensures that the volume deficit caused by the rearrangement is compensated.
  • the backfill material can be, for example, sand, gravel, crushed stone or concrete.
  • the step-by-step procedure gradually creates a stuffed column. This procedure is also known as the pilgrimage method.
  • the columns, sunk in a defined grid form a volume block of compacted soil. In larger areas, large, compacted areas are created using a large number of stuffing columns up to 70 m deep or more. The area can be of almost any size.
  • One challenge is to determine when the soil in a defined area of the column to be compacted has reached a sufficient degree of compaction. This determination is necessary in order to be able to weigh up when the respective process step can be ended. Since there are a large number of tamping columns or work positions in large areas, it is important to minimize the process time per work position so that the process time overall and thus the costs remain within an economical framework. At the same time, however, the process time per work position must not be too short to ensure that the soil is sufficiently compacted. Another challenge is to improve the soil compaction process itself. An important influencing factor here is that there is a defined and efficient input of energy into the soil.
  • the DE 198 22 290 C2 teaches a method for vibro-pressure and vibro-plug compression with the addition of media with a process-controlled vibrator.
  • the method is characterized by the fact that the supplied media are used both to drive the vibrator and to change the compaction of the material to be compacted.
  • a method for determining the density of the soil is disclosed.
  • the method provides for measuring the radial acceleration of the vibrator to determine the amplitude of the vibrator and measuring the rotational frequency and the depth of the vibrator.
  • the method then provides for calculating the storage density from the amplitude of the vibrator, taking into account stress-dependent soil parameters.
  • the DE 199 30 885 C2 and the DE 198 59 962 C2 describe further methods for compacting soils by means of a depth vibrator, in which conclusions are drawn about the degree of compaction of the soil by upgrading parameters of the depth vibrator.
  • the DE 199 28 692 C1 (Fellin 1999) finally describes a method for online compaction control of a soil, in which a continuous measurement of a tilt angle as well as a horizontal deflection of a vibrator tip and a leading angle of a vibrator unbalance takes place. The density of the soil is determined from this. The process is then continued until the desired storage density values are reached.
  • DE 196 28 769 A1 discloses a device and a method for deep compaction of cohesive and non-cohesive compaction material. It is intended that a vibrating tool be equipped with sensors. The measurement results of the sensors are transmitted. An electronic control system compares the measurement data measured by the sensors with measurement data provided by seismic measurements.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an alternative method for compacting soils and a corresponding system in which the compaction is more efficient and faster and in addition an even more precise determination of the point in time at which the desired compaction state is reached is possible.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a method for compacting soils, in which a vibrating tool is sunk into the ground and a large number of state variables of the vibrating tool are measured with sensors during the compaction and at least some of the sensors are integrated in the vibrating tool, with further measurement data from the sensors are transmitted to a control device.
  • the control device compares the measurement data from the sensors with expected measurement data.
  • the expected measurement data are determined in a simulation that describes the interaction of the vibrating tool and the soil under given soil parameters.
  • the expected measurement data represent at least one state variable of the soil and describe a defined target state of the soil that is to be achieved in the method.
  • the recorded measurement data represent the respective actual characteristics of the state variable (s) of the soil surrounding the vibrating tool, and are related to the actual properties of the soil.
  • the actual state variables change continuously during the process starting from the initial state of the surrounding soil towards the defined target state.
  • the expected measurement data which for example represent the soil mechanical parameters of the defined target state, are continuously compared according to the invention with the recorded measurement data until the target state is reached.
  • the concept of the state variable encompasses both extensive and intensive state variables.
  • extensive state variables are characterized in that they are of a Depend on the number of system elements of the system under consideration (for example volume).
  • Intensive state variables are independent of the number of system elements in the system under consideration (e.g. temperature).
  • Position, speed, vibration amplitude, deflection in the vertical direction and acceleration in the region of a vibrator tip and in an area above a drive motor for an imbalance are preferably measured as state variables of the vibrating tool.
  • the term above refers to a side of the drive motor that faces a heavy pipe of a lance set.
  • the bearing temperatures of the imbalance (s) and motor (s) are preferably recorded.
  • a torque as well as a motor frequency and an angle of rotation of the drive motor are also preferably recorded.
  • a temperature of an oil for lubricating the bearings of the drive motor and possibly the unbalance is also one of the preferably recorded state variables of the vibrating tool.
  • the temperatures of other elements of the vibrating tool are also preferably recorded.
  • a test current of the vibrating tool is preferably also recorded to determine, among other things, an electrical ground resistance.
  • preferably recorded state variables of the vibrating tool are, for example, pressures and volume flows of fluids, such as water or air, passed through the vibrating tool, as well as a theoretical load on the vibrator (residual load or hook load). The mentioned examples of state variables of the vibrating tool are not conclusive and can be adapted as required.
  • the competent specialist takes these measures independently, depending on which state variables he needs in order to derive certain state variables of the soil.
  • a large number of the sensors, with which these state variables are measured, are preferably integrated in the vibrating tool. These can be acceleration sensors, temperature sensors, current sensors and sensors for recording fluid pressures and volume flows. Some sensors can also be integrated in a carrier device of the vibrating tool. For example, sensors for detecting a vibration depth or a hook load could be mentioned here.
  • Measurement data from the sensors are transmitted to the control device by means of a suitable line for transmitting information, for example via an optical fiber.
  • the expected measurement data, with which the measurement data of the sensors are compared, are determined according to the invention from a simulation which describes an interaction of the vibrating tool and the soil under given soil parameters.
  • the expected measurement data is based on an interaction between the vibrating tool and the soil, with the condition of the vibrating tool being described as completely and realistically as possible using the condition variables of the vibrating tool, and a resulting condition of the soil, also as completely and as possible, with knowledge of a characteristic of the existing soil is expressed realistically on the basis of state variables of the soil.
  • Expected measurement data are preferably kept ready which represent a large number of state variables of the soil.
  • Such intensive or extensive state variables of the soil can for example be a grain size, a storage density and a degree of compaction, a temperature, an electrical conductivity, a water content, a consistency and other state variables for soils known to the person skilled in the art.
  • This is also, for example, a significant improvement over the above DE 199 28 692 C1 which describes only one method of controlling the storage density.
  • the present method according to the invention offers the possibility of setting the state of the soil in a much more comprehensively defined manner.
  • the DE 199 28 692 C1 also records a large number of additional measurement data on the jogging tool, such as the temperature.
  • the method according to the invention offers the advantage that, by including a large number of state variables of the vibrating tool and determining a large number of expected measurement data for the respective soil when it interacts with the vibrating tool in the method according to the invention, extensive and very precise knowledge about the im The actual state of the soil can be derived in the course of the procedure. This knowledge can be used to advantage in order to compact the soil efficiently and quickly. It is also possible to precisely determine the point in time at which the floor has reached its desired state.
  • control device uses the comparison to control and / or regulate the compaction of the soil towards the target variables to be achieved.
  • a deviation of the measurement data from the sensors from the expected measurement data serves as the control variable.
  • the control or regulation of the compression process takes place on the basis of the control variables determined by correlating the recorded and expected measurement data.
  • a lateral acceleration of the vibrator tip can be detected with the sensors.
  • a volume flow and a pressure of a fluid supplied to the ground by the vibrating tool can be recorded.
  • fluids increase the mobility of the soil.
  • the mobility of the soil can in turn be inferred from the measurement data recorded by the sensors or from a transverse acceleration profile of the vibrator tip. If this transverse acceleration profile now deviates from an expected transverse acceleration profile with a defined supply of fluid, the pressure and the volume flow of the fluid can be regulated accordingly until the transverse acceleration profile corresponds to the expected transverse acceleration profile.
  • a multi-body simulation is preferably used to simulate the interaction of the vibrating tool with the ground.
  • a continuum simulation is preferably used on the ground. Both simulations are preferably combined with one another for a holistic description of the method.
  • the energy input into the soil can also be simulated particularly advantageously from this. The aim is to reproduce the process as realistically as possible.
  • the required soil parameters can for example be determined in the context of soil investigations and / or empirically.
  • the soil parameters of the simulation are adapted by evaluating the measurement data of the sensors and the simulation is then repeated at least once.
  • a project-specific verification and calibration of the simulation is preferably carried out before the method is carried out for the first time with a specific soil. If there are major deviations, the underlying model can be revised accordingly. Furthermore, a plausibility check of the comparison of the measurement data from the sensors with the expected measurement data is preferably carried out. For example, suitable plausibility checking algorithms can be used to determine if a sudden solidification of the soil is not based on a success of the method carried out but, for example, on a larger stone lying in the way or even a densely packed soil. Here, for example, acceleration sensors and temperature sensors on the vibrating tool can provide corresponding measurement data. By intelligently combining the measurement data, it is then possible to quickly determine whether the soil is tightly packed or whether there is just a stone.
  • the simulation takes place in real time.
  • real time in the context of the present invention means that the method for compacting soils of the invention is controlled or regulated in such a short time that in practice a sufficiently fast reaction to changing measurement data from the sensors or comparison results of the measurement data with the to expected measurement data is possible.
  • a control cycle is run through preferably 30,000 times per second, so that a control frequency results.
  • one or more fluids and / or filler material are supplied to the soil.
  • the method according to the invention can thus advantageously be operated both as a vibrating plug process and as a vibrating pressure process.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to a system for compacting soils, at least comprising a vibrating tool that can be sunk into the ground, a plurality of sensors which are designed to measure state variables of the vibrating tool during compaction, at least some of the sensors being integrated in the vibrating tool , as well as a control device.
  • the control device is designed to carry out a comparison of the measurement data from the sensors with expected measurement data, the expected measurement data representing at least one state variable of the soil.
  • the control device is designed such that a simulation of an interaction of the vibrating tool and the soil is carried out under given soil parameters and the expected measurement data are determined from a result of the simulation.
  • the system of the invention is designed in particular to carry out the method according to the invention for compacting soils in accordance with the description above. All of the disclosed technical features and advantages of the method according to the invention also apply accordingly to the system according to the invention.
  • control device is designed such that control and / or regulation of the compaction of the soil is implemented to the desired extent on the basis of the comparison.
  • control device is designed to adapt the soil parameters of the simulation while evaluating the measurement data of the sensors and then preferably the simulation to repeat at least once.
  • control device is designed to carry out the simulation in real time.
  • the person skilled in the art is able to select the required technical components of the system, such as computing devices and data transmission paths.
  • the system comprises further means which are designed to supply at least one or more fluids and / or filler material to the soil.
  • FIG Figure 1 shows a system according to the invention for compacting soils.
  • the Figure 1 contains an overview of the most important system elements.
  • the system according to the invention thus comprises a vibrating tool 12 that can be lowered into the ground 10.
  • the vibrating tool 12 is designed here as a vibrating lance assembly 14. This comprises a heavy pipe 16 and a vibrator 18.
  • a more detailed structure of the vibrating tool 12 is shown in FIG Figure 3 shown.
  • the system of the invention comprises a multiplicity of sensors 20. Some of the sensors 20 are integrated in the vibrating tool 12. Again some of the sensors 20 are integrated in a carrier device 22 for the vibrating tool 12.
  • the sensors 20 are designed to measure state variables of the vibrating tool 12 before, during and after compaction. Purely by way of example, a sensor for detecting a shaking depth 24 on the carrier device 22 and a GPS sensor 25 for determining a spatial position of a tip of the carrier device 22 are mentioned here.
  • the system further comprises a control device 26.
  • the control device 26 is designed to carry out a comparison of measurement data from the sensors 20 with expected measurement data.
  • the expected measurement data represent state variables of the soil 10.
  • Figure 2 shows a method according to the invention for compacting soils using the system according to the invention Figure 1 .
  • the carrier device 22 with the vibrating tool 12 is first provided.
  • a suitable conveying vehicle 28 is provided, which is still required in the course of the method in order to supply a filling material 30 to the floor 10.
  • the sensors 20 preferably begin to measure a large number of state variables of the vibrating tool 12 and transmit them to the control device 26 via suitable data lines 34, which can be wired or wireless.
  • the control device 26 then begins to carry out measurement data 36 supplied by the sensors 20 with the expected measurement data.
  • the expected measurement data are determined in a simulation.
  • the expected measurement data describe an interaction of the vibrating tool 12 and the soil 10 under given soil parameters. In the first method step, there is still no significant interaction between the vibrating tool 12 and the floor 10.
  • the simulation can thus for example take the form of expected measurement data of expected idle signals of the sensors 20 included.
  • the vibrating tool 12 is then sunk into the ground 10.
  • This process was simulated at least once in advance. For example, with the aid of a time stamp which marks the beginning of the interaction between the soil 10 and the vibrating tool 12 in the simulation, corresponding expected measurement data are provided by the simulation at the same time as the start of the real drilling process.
  • the control device 26 is designed to transmit corresponding control signals 38 to the carrier device 22 and the vibrating tool 12 for controlling or regulating a rapid sinking process.
  • control device 26 permanently carries out a plausibility check which relates to a possible deviation of the measurement data 36 from the expected measurement data. If, for example, the soil 10 has real soil parameters in some areas from those on which the simulation is based, then corresponding algorithms for the plausibility check recognize a systematic deviation. The soil parameters of the simulation are then adjusted and the simulation is then repeated at least once. The expected measurement data can thus be corrected iteratively. For example, a verification and calibration of the simulation and the regulation of the compaction of the soil 10 can also be carried out project-specifically in the course of a first compaction process. The first compaction process can be, for example, the first drilling process shown in the second method step.
  • a third process step after reaching a depth, filling material 30 is added and the compaction process begins.
  • the third process step can take place iteratively using the pilgrim step process. By continually comparing the measurement data 36 with the expected measurement data, it is recognized when the filling material 30 and the surrounding soil 10 have reached a desired state. The soil parameters then also include the properties of the filling material 30.
  • a fourth method step shown the method for compacting the soil 10 at a working position 40 is completed.
  • this is one of many work positions at which the soil 10 is compacted in the process.
  • FIG. 3 shows the vibrating tool 12 of the system according to the invention in a more detailed view.
  • the vibrating tool 12 is designed as a vibrating lance set 14. It comprises a heavy pipe 16 and a vibrator 18.
  • the vibrating tool 12 also includes a drive motor 42 for an imbalance 44, which is integrated in the vibrating head 18.
  • a large number of sensors 20 are integrated in the vibrating tool 12.
  • acceleration sensors 48 for measuring the accelerations transversely to the vibrator tip 46 are integrated in two degrees of freedom.
  • temperature sensors 50 are provided there with which the temperature of an oil and of an unbalance bearing 52 can be measured.
  • torque sensors 52 and further temperature sensors 50 for measuring the temperature on a motor bearing 54 are provided.
  • sensors 20 On one side of the drive motor 42, which faces the heavy tube 16 of the lance fitting 14, there are further sensors 20 in the form of acceleration sensors 48, position sensors 56, sensors for measuring a frequency and an angle of rotation 58 of the drive motor 42 and further temperature sensors 50 for measuring temperature further engine mount 60 is provided.
  • the measurement data 36 of the sensors 20 are transmitted via a data line 34 from the vibrating tool 12 to the control device 26 for further processing.
  • Figure 4 shows a block diagram of the method according to the invention. If reference symbols from the preceding description are used, reference is made purely by way of example to the respective figures containing the reference symbol. The numbering of the sub-steps applies exclusively to Figure 4 .
  • the objective function 66 can be created in advance on the basis of an expected interaction of the vibrating tool 12 with the floor 10. Initial states of the vibrating tool 12 and of the floor 10 are known. A target state of the floor 10 is freely selected. Changes in the state of the vibrating tool 12 and of the soil 10 can be predicted by simulating the compaction. The target function 66 then receives, as a data basis, the characteristics of the state variables of the soil 10 to be generated over time in the form of expected measurement data 68 that the vibrating tool 12 delivers over time during the interaction with the soil. The target function 66 also contains the control signals 38 required for this for the vibrating tool 12. These data of the target function 66 are also loaded into the control device 26 in substep 2.
  • sub-step 3 the soil 10 is then processed with the vibrating tool 12, for example compaction.
  • the objective function 66 is sampled over time, each point in time containing a set of control signals 38 for the vibrating tool 12 and associated expected measurement data 68.
  • the measured data 36 actually recorded by the sensors 20 are recorded and assigned to the respective point in time. If the recorded measurement data 36 match the expected measurement data 68 at the respective point in time, sub-step 3 continues in accordance with the control signals 38 provided. In the event of inadmissibly high deviations, these are evaluated and possible causes are deduced by analyzing the deviations.
  • the initially metrologically determined state variables 62 of the soil 10 are corrected, the target function 66 is redefined, and sub-step 3 is then continued from the present point in time. It is also possible that the condition of the vibrating tool 12 itself, which was initially used as a basis, must be corrected. In this way, the recorded measurement data 36 and the target function 66 or the expected measurement data 68 are iteratively approximated.
  • the processing of the soil 10 ends as soon as a match between the recorded measurement data 36 and the expected measurement data 68 is achieved (substep 4).
  • An end point 70 of the objective function 66 and an end point 72 of the are correct here recorded measurement data 36 match.
  • further processing of the base 10 can then take place. For example, on the basis of the end point 70 of the objective function 66, a new objective function for carrying out a further process step 74 can be generated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verdichtung von Böden gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie ein System zur Verdichtung von Böden gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 6.The invention relates to a method for compacting soils according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to a system for compacting soils according to the preamble of patent claim 6.

Technologischer HintergrundTechnological background

Dem Fachmann sind unterschiedliche Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Verdichtung von Böden bekannt. Ein solches Verfahren, das gut bekannt ist, ist das so genannte Tiefenrütteln. Dabei wird ein Werkzeug, beispielsweise eine Rüttler-Lanzen-Garnitur, durch Vibration oder Oszillation in Schwingung versetzt und mehrfach und in bestimmten Abständen in den Boden abgeteuft und wieder zurückgezogen.Various methods and devices for compacting soils are known to those skilled in the art. One such technique that is well known is what is known as deep shaking. A tool, for example a shaker-lance set, is made to vibrate by vibration or oscillation and is sunk into the ground and withdrawn again several times and at certain intervals.

Bereits beim Eindringen der Rüttler-Lanzen-Garnitur wird der Boden durch die Verdrängung verdichtet. Die Verdichtungswirkung wird durch das Einbringen mechanischer Energie mittels eines Rüttlers beim Ein- bzw. Ausfahren in bzw. aus dem Boden erheblich verstärkt.As soon as the vibrator-lance set penetrates, the soil is compacted by the displacement. The compaction effect is considerably increased by the introduction of mechanical energy by means of a vibrator when driving into or out of the ground.

Durch die Schwingungen der Rüttler-Lanzen-Garnitur wird die Reibungskraft mit Unterstützung von Luft und/oder Wasser zwischen einzelnen Körnern des Bodens kurzzeitig reduziert. Infolge der Schwerkraft können die Körner des Bodens dann in einen dichteren Lagerungszustand übergehen. Auf diese Weise können vorhandene Hohlräume im Baugrund verkleinert oder ganz geschlossen werden. Eine dichtere Lagerung des Bodens wird hergestellt. Die Porenräume zwischen den Bodenkörnern verkleinern sich. Dieses Verfahren wird auch Rütteldruckverdichtung genannt. Der im Ergebnis dichter gelagerte, verfestigte Boden ist geeignet, größere Lasten abzutragen und weniger verformungsempfindlich.The vibrations of the vibrator-lance set briefly reduce the frictional force between the individual grains of the soil with the support of air and / or water. As a result of the force of gravity, the grains of the soil can then change into a more dense state of storage. In this way, existing cavities in the subsoil can be reduced in size or completely closed. A more dense storage of the soil is established. The pore spaces between the soil grains shrink. This process is also called vibration pressure compaction. The solidified soil, which is more densely packed as a result, is suitable for carrying greater loads and is less sensitive to deformation.

Da es in Folge der Verdichtung zu einer Volumenabnahme kommt, muss dies häufig durch Zuführung von Verfüllmaterial ausgeglichen werden. Erfolgt dies mit dem Ziel, Säulen aus dem zugeführten Material herzustellen, spricht man von einem Rüttelstopfverfahren. Das Rüttelstopfverfahren eignet sich auch besonders gut für Bodenmaterialien mit sehr hohem Feinkornanteil. Bei solchen Materialien ist eine Verdichtung des Baugrunds in sich selbst häufig nicht mehr in ausreichendem Maße möglich. Beim Rütteldruck- oder Rüttelstopfverfahren wird meist in alternierenden Schritten gearbeitet. Zunächst wird die Rüttler-Lanzen-Garnitur in den Boden abgeteuft und zur Unterstützung des Prozesses optional Wasser und/oder Druckluft zugeführt. Im Anschluss daran erfolgt ein teilweises Zurückziehen, Verweilen, erneutes Zurückziehen und erneutes Verweilen usw. entsprechend eines definierten Abstandes und einer festgelegten Verweildauer der Rüttler-Lanzen-Garnitur. Die Zugabe von Fluid (i. d. R. Gemisch Wasser und Luft) unterstützen die Mobilisierung des Bodenmaterials während der verschiedenen Phasen des Verdichtungsvorgangs. Die kontinuierliche Zuführung von Verfüllmaterial in den freiwerdenden Raum unterhalb und um die Rüttlerspitze gewährleistet den Ausgleich des durch die Umlagerungen entstehenden Volumendefizits. Das Verfüllmaterial kann zum Beispiel Sand, Kies, Schotter oder auch Beton sein. Durch das schrittweise Vorgehen wird sukzessive eine gestopfte Säule hergestellt. Dieses Vorgehen bezeichnet man auch als Pilgerschrittverfahren. Die in einem definierten Raster abgeteuften Säulen bilden einen Volumenblock aus verdichtetem Boden. In größeren Arealen werden so mittels einer Vielzahl an Stopfsäulen von bis zu 70 m Tiefe oder mehr großräumige verdichtete Bereiche hergestellt. Das Areal kann eine nahezu beliebige Ausdehnung besitzen.Since the compression leads to a decrease in volume, this often has to be compensated for by adding backfill material. If this is done with the aim of producing columns from the supplied material, it is known as a vibratory plug process. The vibrating plug method is also particularly suitable for soil materials with a very high proportion of fine grain. With such materials, compaction of the subsoil itself is often no longer sufficient possible. The vibrating pressure or vibrating plug process usually works in alternating steps. First, the vibrator-lance set is sunk into the ground and optionally water and / or compressed air is supplied to support the process. This is followed by a partial withdrawal, lingering, renewed withdrawal and renewed lingering, etc. according to a defined distance and a defined dwell time of the vibrator-lance set. The addition of fluid (usually a mixture of water and air) supports the mobilization of the soil material during the various phases of the compaction process. The continuous supply of backfill material into the space under and around the vibrator tip ensures that the volume deficit caused by the rearrangement is compensated. The backfill material can be, for example, sand, gravel, crushed stone or concrete. The step-by-step procedure gradually creates a stuffed column. This procedure is also known as the pilgrimage method. The columns, sunk in a defined grid, form a volume block of compacted soil. In larger areas, large, compacted areas are created using a large number of stuffing columns up to 70 m deep or more. The area can be of almost any size.

Eine Herausforderung besteht darin festzustellen, wann der Boden in einem definierten Bereich der zu verdichtenden Säule einen hinreichenden Verdichtungsgrad erreicht hat. Diese Feststellung ist erforderlich, um abwägen zu können, wann der jeweilige Verfahrensschritt beendet werden kann. Da sich bei großen Arealen eine Vielzahl von Stopfsäulen beziehungsweise Arbeitspositionen ergeben, gilt es, die Verfahrenszeit pro Arbeitsposition zu minimieren, damit die Verfahrenszeit insgesamt und damit die Kosten in einem wirtschaftlichen Rahmen bleiben. Gleichzeitig darf die Verfahrenszeit pro Arbeitsposition aber nicht zu gering gewählt werden, um sicherzustellen, dass der Boden hinreichend verdichtet ist. Eine weitere Herausforderung besteht in einer Verbesserung des Prozesses der Bodenverdichtung an sich. Ein wichtiger Einflussfaktor ist hier, dass ein definierter und effizienter Energieeintrag in den Boden erfolgt.One challenge is to determine when the soil in a defined area of the column to be compacted has reached a sufficient degree of compaction. This determination is necessary in order to be able to weigh up when the respective process step can be ended. Since there are a large number of tamping columns or work positions in large areas, it is important to minimize the process time per work position so that the process time overall and thus the costs remain within an economical framework. At the same time, however, the process time per work position must not be too short to ensure that the soil is sufficiently compacted. Another challenge is to improve the soil compaction process itself. An important influencing factor here is that there is a defined and efficient input of energy into the soil.

Die DE 198 22 290 C2 lehrt ein Verfahren zur Rütteldruck- und Rüttelstopfverdichtung unter Hinzugabe von Medien mit einem prozessgesteuerten Rüttler. Das Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die zugeführten Medien sowohl zum Antrieb des Rüttlers als auch zur Veränderung der Verdichtungswilligkeit des Verdichtungsgutes eingesetzt werden.The DE 198 22 290 C2 teaches a method for vibro-pressure and vibro-plug compression with the addition of media with a process-controlled vibrator. The method is characterized by the fact that the supplied media are used both to drive the vibrator and to change the compaction of the material to be compacted.

Des Weiteren wird in der DE 27 20 160 A1 gelehrt, eine Anpassungsmöglichkeit der Maschinenkennwerte des Rüttlers an unterschiedliche geologische und bodenmechanische Verhältnisse zu schaffen. Die Änderung der Maschinenkennwerte kann entweder durch eine Veränderung der Frequenz oder der Fliehkraft des Rüttlers oder durch eine Kombination beider Möglichkeiten erreicht werden.Furthermore, in the DE 27 20 160 A1 taught how to adapt the machine parameters of the vibrator to different geological and soil mechanical conditions. The change in the machine parameters can be achieved either by changing the frequency or the centrifugal force of the vibrator or by a combination of both options.

In der DE 101 46 342 B4 wird ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Lagerungsdichte des Bodens offenbart. Das Verfahren sieht vor, die Radialbeschleunigung des Rüttlers zur Bestimmung der Amplitude des Rüttlers zu messen und die Umlauffrequenz sowie die Tiefenlage des Rüttlers zu messen. Das Verfahren sieht dann vor, die Lagerungsdichte aus der Amplitude des Rüttlers unter Berücksichtigung spannungsabhängiger Bodenkennwerte zu berechnen.In the DE 101 46 342 B4 a method for determining the density of the soil is disclosed. The method provides for measuring the radial acceleration of the vibrator to determine the amplitude of the vibrator and measuring the rotational frequency and the depth of the vibrator. The method then provides for calculating the storage density from the amplitude of the vibrator, taking into account stress-dependent soil parameters.

Die DE 199 30 885 C2 und die DE 198 59 962 C2 beschreiben weitere Verfahren zum Verdichten von Böden mittels eines Tiefenrüttlers, bei denen unter Aufwertung von Kenngrößen des Tiefenrüttlers Rückschlüsse auf den Verdichtungsgrad des Bodens gezogen werden.The DE 199 30 885 C2 and the DE 198 59 962 C2 describe further methods for compacting soils by means of a depth vibrator, in which conclusions are drawn about the degree of compaction of the soil by upgrading parameters of the depth vibrator.

Die DE 199 28 692 C1 (Fellin 1999) beschreibt schließlich ein Verfahren zur Onlineverdichtungskontrolle eines Bodens, in dem eine fortlaufende Messung eines Verkippungswinkels sowie einer horizontalen Auslenkung einer Rüttlerspitze und eines Vorlaufwinkels einer Rüttlerunwucht erfolgt. Daraus wird die Lagerungsdichte des Bodens ermittelt. Das Verfahren wird dann solange fortgeführt, bis die angestrebten Werte der Lagerungsdichte erreicht sind.The DE 199 28 692 C1 (Fellin 1999) finally describes a method for online compaction control of a soil, in which a continuous measurement of a tilt angle as well as a horizontal deflection of a vibrator tip and a leading angle of a vibrator unbalance takes place. The density of the soil is determined from this. The process is then continued until the desired storage density values are reached.

DE 196 28 769 A1 offenbart eine Einrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Tiefenverdichtung von bindigem und nichtbindigem Verdichtungsgut. Es ist vorgesehen, dass ein Rüttelwerkzeug mit Sensoren ausgestattet ist. Die Messergebnisse der Sensoren werden übertragen. Ein elektronisches Steuersystem vergleicht die mittels der Sensoren gemessenen Messdaten mit von seismischen Messungen gelieferten Messdaten. DE 196 28 769 A1 discloses a device and a method for deep compaction of cohesive and non-cohesive compaction material. It is intended that a vibrating tool be equipped with sensors. The measurement results of the sensors are transmitted. An electronic control system compares the measurement data measured by the sensors with measurement data provided by seismic measurements.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht nun darin, ein alternatives Verfahren zur Verdichtung von Böden und ein entsprechendes Systems anzugeben, bei der die Verdichtung effizienter und schneller abläuft und zudem eine noch genauere Ermittlung des Zeitpunktes, an dem der gewünschte Verdichtungszustand erreicht ist, möglich wird.The object of the present invention is to provide an alternative method for compacting soils and a corresponding system in which the compaction is more efficient and faster and in addition an even more precise determination of the point in time at which the desired compaction state is reached is possible.

Die Aufgabe wird durch die Gegenstände mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche 1 und 6 gelöst.The object is achieved by the subjects with the features of the independent patent claims 1 and 6.

Zusammenfassung der ErfindungSummary of the invention

Ein erster Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verdichtung von Böden, in dem ein Rüttelwerkzeug in den Boden abgeteuft wird und während der Verdichtung eine Vielzahl von Zustandsgrößen des Rüttelwerkzeugs mit Sensoren gemessen werden und dabei sind wenigstens einige der Sensoren in dem Rüttelwerkzeug integriert, wobei weiterhin eine Übermittlung von Messdaten der Sensoren an eine Steuerungseinrichtung erfolgt. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass die Steuerungseinrichtung einen Abgleich der Messdaten der Sensoren mit erwarteten Messdaten durchführt. Die erwarteten Messdaten werden in einer Simulation ermittelt, die eine Wechselwirkung des Rüttelwerkzeuges und des Bodens unter gegebenen Bodenparametern beschreibt.A first aspect of the invention relates to a method for compacting soils, in which a vibrating tool is sunk into the ground and a large number of state variables of the vibrating tool are measured with sensors during the compaction and at least some of the sensors are integrated in the vibrating tool, with further measurement data from the sensors are transmitted to a control device. According to the invention, it is provided that the control device compares the measurement data from the sensors with expected measurement data. The expected measurement data are determined in a simulation that describes the interaction of the vibrating tool and the soil under given soil parameters.

Die erwarteten Messdaten repräsentieren erfindungsgemäß wenigstens eine Zustandsgröße des Bodens und beschreiben einen definierten Zielzustand des Bodens, der in dem Verfahren erreicht werden soll. Die erfassten Messdaten repräsentieren die jeweilige tatsächliche Ausprägung der Zustandsgröße(n) des Bodens, der das Rüttelwerkzeug umgibt, und stehen in Beziehung zu den tatsächlichen Eigenschaften des Bodens.According to the invention, the expected measurement data represent at least one state variable of the soil and describe a defined target state of the soil that is to be achieved in the method. The recorded measurement data represent the respective actual characteristics of the state variable (s) of the soil surrounding the vibrating tool, and are related to the actual properties of the soil.

Die tatsächlichen Zustandsgrößen verändern sich während des Prozesses ausgehend vom Ausgangszustand des umgebenden Bodens kontinuierlich hin zum definierten Zielzustand.The actual state variables change continuously during the process starting from the initial state of the surrounding soil towards the defined target state.

Die erwarteten Messdaten, die beispielsweise die bodenmechanischen Parameter des definierten Zielzustandes repräsentieren, werden erfindungsgemäß mit den erfassten Messdaten bis zum Erreichen des Zielzustandes kontinuierlich abgeglichen.The expected measurement data, which for example represent the soil mechanical parameters of the defined target state, are continuously compared according to the invention with the recorded measurement data until the target state is reached.

Bei Erreichen des definierten Zielzustandes wird die jeweilige Prozessstufe selbstständig beendet und die nächste Prozessstufe begonnen.When the defined target state is reached, the respective process stage is ended automatically and the next process stage begins.

Der Begriff der Zustandsgröße umfasst im Zusammenhang mit der vorliegenden Erfindung sowohl extensive als auch intensive Zustandsgrößen. Dem Fachmann ist bekannt, dass extensive Zustandsgrößen sich dadurch auszeichnen, dass sie von einer Anzahl an Systemelementen des betrachteten Systems abhängen (beispielsweise Volumen). Intensive Zustandsgrößen hingegen sind unabhängig von der Anzahl der Systemelemente des betrachteten Systems (beispielsweise Temperatur).In connection with the present invention, the concept of the state variable encompasses both extensive and intensive state variables. The person skilled in the art knows that extensive state variables are characterized in that they are of a Depend on the number of system elements of the system under consideration (for example volume). Intensive state variables, on the other hand, are independent of the number of system elements in the system under consideration (e.g. temperature).

Als Zustandsgrößen des Rüttelwerkzeugs werden vorzugsweise Lage, Geschwindigkeit, Schwingungsamplitude, Ablenkung in vertikaler Richtung sowie Beschleunigung im Bereich einer Rüttlerspitze sowie in einem Bereich oberhalb eines Antriebsmotors für eine Unwucht gemessen. Der Begriff oberhalb bezeichnet in diesem Fall eine Seite des Antriebsmotors, die einem Schwerrohr einer Lanzengarnitur zugewandt ist.Position, speed, vibration amplitude, deflection in the vertical direction and acceleration in the region of a vibrator tip and in an area above a drive motor for an imbalance are preferably measured as state variables of the vibrating tool. In this case, the term above refers to a side of the drive motor that faces a heavy pipe of a lance set.

Weiterhin werden vorzugsweise zum Beispiel die Lagertemperaturen von Unwucht(en) und Motor(en) erfasst.Furthermore, for example, the bearing temperatures of the imbalance (s) and motor (s) are preferably recorded.

Weiterhin bevorzugt erfasst werden ein Drehmoment sowie eine Motorfrequenz und ein Drehwinkel des Antriebsmotors. Eine Temperatur eines Öls zur Schmierung der Lager des Antriebsmotors und gegebenenfalls der Unwucht zählt ebenso zu den vorzugsweise erfassten Zustandsgrößen des Rüttelwerkzeugs. Die Temperaturen weiterer Elemente des Rüttelwerkzeugs werden ebenfalls vorzugsweise erfasst. Vorzugsweise wird auch ein Prüfstrom des Rüttelwerkzeugs unter anderem zur Bestimmung eines elektrischen Bodenwiderstands erfasst. Weitere vorzugsweise erfasste Zustandsgrößen des Rüttelwerkzeugs sind beispielsweise Drücke und Volumenströme von durch das Rüttelwerkzeug geleiteten Fluiden, wie Wasser oder Luft, sowie eine theoretische Auflast auf den Rüttler (Restlast oder Hakenlast). Die genannten Beispiele von Zustandsgrößen des Rüttelwerkzeugs sind nicht abschließend und können je nach Bedarf angepasst werden. Der zuständige Fachmann nimmt diese Maßnahmen selbstständig vor, je nachdem welche Zustandsgrößen er benötigt, um bestimmte Zustandsgrößen des Bodens daraus abzuleiten. Vorzugsweise ist eine Vielzahl der Sensoren, mit welchen diese Zustandsgrößen gemessen werden, in dem Rüttelwerkzeug integriert. Diese können Beschleunigungssensoren, Temperatursensoren, Stromsensoren sowie Sensoren zur Erfassung von Fluiddrücken und Volumenströmen sein. Einige Sensoren können auch in einem Trägergerät des Rüttelwerkzeugs integriert sein. Hier wären beispielsweise Sensoren zur Erfassung einer Rütteltiefe oder auch einer Hakenlast zu nennen. Messdaten der Sensoren werden an die Steuerungseinrichtung, mittels einer geeigneten Leitung zur Informationsübertragung, beispielsweise über einen Lichtwellenleiter, übermittelt. Die erwarteten Messdaten, mit denen die Messdaten der Sensoren verglichen werden, werden erfindungsgemäß aus einer Simulation ermittelt, die eine Wechselwirkung des Rüttelwerkzeugs und des Bodens unter gegebenen Bodenparametern beschreibt. Den erwarteten Messdaten liegt eine Wechselwirkung zwischen dem Rüttelwerkzeug und dem Boden zugrunde, wobei der Zustand des Rüttelwerkzeugs möglichst vollständig und realitätsgetreu anhand der Zustandsgrößen des Rüttelwerkzeugs beschrieben ist, und daraus unter Kenntnis einer Charakteristik des vorliegenden Bodens ein resultierender Zustand des Bodens, ebenfalls möglichst vollständig und realitätsgetreu anhand von Zustandsgrößen des Bodens ausgedrückt wird. Vorzugsweise werden erwartete Messdaten bereitgehalten, die eine Vielzahl von Zustandsgrößen des Bodens repräsentieren.A torque as well as a motor frequency and an angle of rotation of the drive motor are also preferably recorded. A temperature of an oil for lubricating the bearings of the drive motor and possibly the unbalance is also one of the preferably recorded state variables of the vibrating tool. The temperatures of other elements of the vibrating tool are also preferably recorded. A test current of the vibrating tool is preferably also recorded to determine, among other things, an electrical ground resistance. Further, preferably recorded state variables of the vibrating tool are, for example, pressures and volume flows of fluids, such as water or air, passed through the vibrating tool, as well as a theoretical load on the vibrator (residual load or hook load). The mentioned examples of state variables of the vibrating tool are not conclusive and can be adapted as required. The competent specialist takes these measures independently, depending on which state variables he needs in order to derive certain state variables of the soil. A large number of the sensors, with which these state variables are measured, are preferably integrated in the vibrating tool. These can be acceleration sensors, temperature sensors, current sensors and sensors for recording fluid pressures and volume flows. Some sensors can also be integrated in a carrier device of the vibrating tool. For example, sensors for detecting a vibration depth or a hook load could be mentioned here. Measurement data from the sensors are transmitted to the control device by means of a suitable line for transmitting information, for example via an optical fiber. The expected measurement data, with which the measurement data of the sensors are compared, are determined according to the invention from a simulation which describes an interaction of the vibrating tool and the soil under given soil parameters. The expected measurement data is based on an interaction between the vibrating tool and the soil, with the condition of the vibrating tool being described as completely and realistically as possible using the condition variables of the vibrating tool, and a resulting condition of the soil, also as completely and as possible, with knowledge of a characteristic of the existing soil is expressed realistically on the basis of state variables of the soil. Expected measurement data are preferably kept ready which represent a large number of state variables of the soil.

Solche intensiven oder extensiven Zustandsgrößen des Bodens können beispielsweise eine Korngröße, eine Lagerungsdichte sowie ein Verdichtungsgrad, eine Temperatur, eine elektrische Leitfähigkeit, ein Wassergehalt, eine Konsistenz und sonstige dem Fachmann bekannte Zustandsgrößen für Böden sein. Hierin besteht beispielsweise auch eine wesentliche Verbesserung gegenüber der oben genannten DE 199 28 692 C1 , die ausschließlich eine Methode zur Kontrolle der Lagerungsdichte beschreibt. Hingegen bietet das vorliegende erfindungsgemäße Verfahren die Möglichkeit, den Zustand des Bodens sehr viel umfassender definiert einzustellen. Hierzu wird gegenüber der DE 199 28 692 C1 auch eine Vielzahl an zusätzlichen Messdaten am Rüttelwerkzeug erfasst, wie beispielsweise die Temperatur.Such intensive or extensive state variables of the soil can for example be a grain size, a storage density and a degree of compaction, a temperature, an electrical conductivity, a water content, a consistency and other state variables for soils known to the person skilled in the art. This is also, for example, a significant improvement over the above DE 199 28 692 C1 which describes only one method of controlling the storage density. In contrast, the present method according to the invention offers the possibility of setting the state of the soil in a much more comprehensively defined manner. For this purpose, the DE 199 28 692 C1 also records a large number of additional measurement data on the jogging tool, such as the temperature.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bietet den Vorteil, dass durch einen Einbezug von sehr vielen Zustandsgrößen des Rüttelwerkzeugs und einer Ermittlung sehr vieler zu erwartender Messdaten für den jeweils vorliegenden Boden, wenn dieser in dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren mit dem Rüttelwerkzeug interagiert, umfangreiche und sehr genaue Kenntnisse über den im Laufe des Verfahrens tatsächlich vorliegenden Zustand des Bodens ableitbar sind. Diese Kenntnisse lassen sich vorteilhaft nutzen, um die Verdichtung des Bodens effizient und schnell durchzuführen. Ferner ist eine genaue Ermittlung des Zeitpunkts, in dem der Boden seinen gewünschten Zustand erreicht hat, möglich.The method according to the invention offers the advantage that, by including a large number of state variables of the vibrating tool and determining a large number of expected measurement data for the respective soil when it interacts with the vibrating tool in the method according to the invention, extensive and very precise knowledge about the im The actual state of the soil can be derived in the course of the procedure. This knowledge can be used to advantage in order to compact the soil efficiently and quickly. It is also possible to precisely determine the point in time at which the floor has reached its desired state.

In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Steuerungseinrichtung anhand des Abgleichs eine Steuerung und/oder Regelung der Verdichtung des Bodens hin zu den zu erreichenden Zielgrößen durchführt.In a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention it is provided that the control device uses the comparison to control and / or regulate the compaction of the soil towards the target variables to be achieved.

Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass die Effizienz des Verfahrens signifikant gesteigert wird. Untersuchungen haben nachgewiesen, dass mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren pro Verdichtungsvorgang an einer Arbeitsposition ein erheblicher Kosteneinsparungseffekt gegenüber konventionellen Verfahren besteht. Da die Verdichtung in der Regel an einer Vielzahl von Arbeitspositionen nacheinander erfolgt, ergibt sich eine signifikante Reduktion der Verfahrenszeit insgesamt.This offers the advantage that the efficiency of the method is significantly increased. Studies have shown that with the method according to the invention, pro Compaction process at a work position has a significant cost-saving effect compared to conventional methods. Since the compression usually takes place in a large number of work positions one after the other, there is a significant reduction in the overall process time.

Als Regelgröße dient hier eine Abweichung der Messdaten der Sensoren von den erwarteten Messdaten. Auf Basis von durch Korrelation der erfassten und der erwarteten Messdaten ermittelten Regelgrößen erfolgt somit die Steuerung oder auch Regelung des Verdichtungsprozesses.A deviation of the measurement data from the sensors from the expected measurement data serves as the control variable. The control or regulation of the compression process takes place on the basis of the control variables determined by correlating the recorded and expected measurement data.

Rein exemplarisch sei dieses Prinzip wie folgt verdeutlicht. Beispielsweise kann mit den Sensoren eine Querbeschleunigung der Rüttlerspitze erfasst werden. Parallel dazu kann beispielsweise ein Volumenstrom und ein Druck eines durch das Rüttelwerkzeug dem Boden zugeführten Fluides erfasst werden. Fluide erhöhen hier beispielsweise die Mobilität des Bodens. Die Mobilität des Bodens wiederum lässt sich in den durch die Sensoren erfassten Messdaten beziehungsweise aus einem Querbeschleunigungsprofil der Rüttlerspitze entnehmen. Weicht dieses Querbeschleunigungsprofil nun von einem erwarteten Querbeschleunigungsprofil bei einer definierten Zuführung von Fluid ab, so können der Druck und der Volumenstrom des Fluides entsprechend geregelt werden, bis das Querbeschleunigungsprofil dem erwarteten Querbeschleunigungsprofil entspricht. Indirekt wird somit die Mobilität des Bodens bewusst verändert, da diese sich in Folge der veränderten Zuführung des Fluids ebenfalls verändert. Grundsätzlich liegt dann eine kaskadierte Prozessregelung mit mehreren Regelgrößen (Querbeschleunigungsprofil, Mobilität des Bodens) und Stellgrößen (Druck und der Volumenstrom des Fluids) vor. Nach diesem Prinzip lässt sich beispielsweise auch ein Energieeintrag in den Boden optimieren und anhand des erwarteten Energieeintrages, der als Maß für die Lagerungsdichte des Bodens dienen kann, ein Endzeitpunkt für den Verdichtungsprozess ermitteln.This principle is illustrated as follows purely by way of example. For example, a lateral acceleration of the vibrator tip can be detected with the sensors. In parallel, for example, a volume flow and a pressure of a fluid supplied to the ground by the vibrating tool can be recorded. For example, fluids increase the mobility of the soil. The mobility of the soil can in turn be inferred from the measurement data recorded by the sensors or from a transverse acceleration profile of the vibrator tip. If this transverse acceleration profile now deviates from an expected transverse acceleration profile with a defined supply of fluid, the pressure and the volume flow of the fluid can be regulated accordingly until the transverse acceleration profile corresponds to the expected transverse acceleration profile. Indirectly, the mobility of the soil is thus consciously changed, since this also changes as a result of the changed supply of the fluid. Basically, there is then a cascaded process control with several control variables (lateral acceleration profile, mobility of the soil) and manipulated variables (pressure and the volume flow of the fluid). According to this principle, it is also possible, for example, to optimize the energy input into the soil and, based on the expected energy input, which can serve as a measure of the density of the soil, determine an end time for the compaction process.

Zur Simulation der Interaktion des Rüttelwerkzeugs mit dem Boden kommt vorzugsweise eine Mehrkörpersimulation zum Einsatz. Zur Simulation einer Wellenausbreitung im Boden kommt vorzugsweise eine Kontinuum-Simulation zum Einsatz. Für eine ganzheitliche Beschreibung des Verfahrens werden beide Simulationen vorzugsweise miteinander kombiniert. Hieraus lässt sich besonders vorteilhaft auch der Energieeintrag in den Boden simulieren. Ziel ist dabei eine möglichst realitätsgetreue Prozessnachbildung. Die benötigten Bodenparameter können beispielsweise im Rahmen von Bodenuntersuchungen und/oder empirisch ermittelt werden.A multi-body simulation is preferably used to simulate the interaction of the vibrating tool with the ground. To simulate wave propagation in A continuum simulation is preferably used on the ground. Both simulations are preferably combined with one another for a holistic description of the method. The energy input into the soil can also be simulated particularly advantageously from this. The aim is to reproduce the process as realistically as possible. The required soil parameters can for example be determined in the context of soil investigations and / or empirically.

In weiter bevorzugter Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Bodenparameter der Simulation unter Auswertung der Messdaten der Sensoren angepasst werden und die Simulation dann wenigstens einmal wiederholt wird.In a further preferred embodiment of the method of the invention it is provided that the soil parameters of the simulation are adapted by evaluating the measurement data of the sensors and the simulation is then repeated at least once.

Vorzugsweise erfolgt vor erstmaliger Durchführung des Verfahrens mit einem bestimmten Boden eine projektspezifische Verifizierung und Kalibrierung der Simulation. Bei größeren Abweichungen kann das zugrunde liegende Modell entsprechend überarbeitet werden. Ferner bevorzugt erfolgt eine Plausibilitätsprüfung des Abgleichs der Messdaten der Sensoren mit den erwarteten Messdaten. So kann durch geeignete Plausibilitätsprüfungsalgorithmen beispielsweise festgestellt werden, wenn eine sprunghafte Verfestigung des Bodens nicht auf einem Erfolg des durchgeführten Verfahrens beruht, sondern beispielsweise auf einem im Wege liegenden größeren Stein oder auch eines dicht gelagerten Bodens. Hierbei können beispielsweise Beschleunigungssensoren und Temperatursensoren am Rüttelwerkzeug entsprechende Messdaten liefern. Durch intelligente Kombination der Messdaten kann dann schnell festgestellt werden, ob der Boden dicht gelagert ist oder lediglich ein Stein vorliegt.A project-specific verification and calibration of the simulation is preferably carried out before the method is carried out for the first time with a specific soil. If there are major deviations, the underlying model can be revised accordingly. Furthermore, a plausibility check of the comparison of the measurement data from the sensors with the expected measurement data is preferably carried out. For example, suitable plausibility checking algorithms can be used to determine if a sudden solidification of the soil is not based on a success of the method carried out but, for example, on a larger stone lying in the way or even a densely packed soil. Here, for example, acceleration sensors and temperature sensors on the vibrating tool can provide corresponding measurement data. By intelligently combining the measurement data, it is then possible to quickly determine whether the soil is tightly packed or whether there is just a stone.

In weiter bevorzugter Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Simulation in Echtzeit erfolgt.In a further preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, it is provided that the simulation takes place in real time.

Der Begriff der Echtzeit im Kontext der vorliegenden Erfindung bedeutet, dass das Verfahren zur Verdichtung von Böden der Erfindung in so kurzer Zeit gesteuert beziehungsweise geregelt wird, dass in der Praxis eine hinreichend schnelle Reaktion auf sich ändernde Messdaten der Sensoren beziehungsweise Vergleichsergebnisse der Messdaten mit den zu erwartenden Messdaten möglich ist. Ein Regelungszyklus wird dabei vorzugsweise 30.000 Mal pro Sekunde durchlaufen, so dass sich eine Regelfrequenz ergibt.The term real time in the context of the present invention means that the method for compacting soils of the invention is controlled or regulated in such a short time that in practice a sufficiently fast reaction to changing measurement data from the sensors or comparison results of the measurement data with the to expected measurement data is possible. A control cycle is run through preferably 30,000 times per second, so that a control frequency results.

Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass auch eine Steuerung beziehungsweise Regelung der Verdichtung des Bodens in Echtzeit erfolgen kann. Die Effizienz des Verfahrens wird so weiterhin signifikant gesteigert.This offers the advantage that the compaction of the soil can also be controlled or regulated in real time. The efficiency of the process is further increased significantly.

In weiter bevorzugter Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass dem Boden ein oder mehrere Fluide und/oder Füllmaterial zugeführt werden.In a further preferred embodiment of the method of the invention it is provided that one or more fluids and / or filler material are supplied to the soil.

Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass die Zuführung der Fluide beziehungsweise des Füllmaterials sehr genau steuerbar ist. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann somit vorteilhaft sowohl als Rüttelstopfverfahren als auch als Rütteldruckverfahren betrieben werden.This offers the advantage that the supply of the fluids or the filling material can be controlled very precisely. The method according to the invention can thus advantageously be operated both as a vibrating plug process and as a vibrating pressure process.

Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft ein System zur Verdichtung von Böden, wenigstens umfassend ein in den Boden abteufbares Rüttelwerkzeug, eine Vielzahl von Sensoren, die ausgebildet sind, Zustandsgrößen des Rüttelwerkzeugs während der Verdichtung zu messen, wobei wenigstens einige der Sensoren in dem Rüttelwerkzeug integriert sind, sowie eine Steuerungseinrichtung. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass die Steuerungseinrichtung ausgebildet ist, einen Abgleich der Messdaten der Sensoren mit erwarteten Messdaten durchzuführen, wobei die erwarteten Messdaten wenigstens eine Zustandsgröße des Bodens repräsentieren. Die Steuerungseinrichtung ist erfindungsgemäß so ausgebildet ist, dass eine Simulation einer Wechselwirkung des Rüttelwerkzeugs und des Bodens unter gegebenen Bodenparametern durchgeführt wird und die erwarteten Messdaten aus einem Ergebnis der Simulation ermittelt werden.A further aspect of the invention relates to a system for compacting soils, at least comprising a vibrating tool that can be sunk into the ground, a plurality of sensors which are designed to measure state variables of the vibrating tool during compaction, at least some of the sensors being integrated in the vibrating tool , as well as a control device. According to the invention, it is provided that the control device is designed to carry out a comparison of the measurement data from the sensors with expected measurement data, the expected measurement data representing at least one state variable of the soil. According to the invention, the control device is designed such that a simulation of an interaction of the vibrating tool and the soil is carried out under given soil parameters and the expected measurement data are determined from a result of the simulation.

Das System der Erfindung ist insbesondere dazu ausgebildet, das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Verdichtung von Böden gemäß der obigen Beschreibung durchzuführen. Alle offenbarten technischen Merkmale und Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens gelten sinngemäß auch für das erfindungsgemäße System.The system of the invention is designed in particular to carry out the method according to the invention for compacting soils in accordance with the description above. All of the disclosed technical features and advantages of the method according to the invention also apply accordingly to the system according to the invention.

In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung des Systems der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Steuerungseinrichtung so ausgebildet ist, dass anhand des Abgleichs eine Steuerung und/oder Regelung der Verdichtung des Bodens in gewünschtem Umfang umgesetzt wird.In a preferred embodiment of the system of the invention it is provided that the control device is designed such that control and / or regulation of the compaction of the soil is implemented to the desired extent on the basis of the comparison.

Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass die Steuerungseinrichtung ausgebildet ist, die Bodenparameter der Simulation unter Auswertung der Messdaten der Sensoren anzupassen und vorzugsweise die Simulation dann wenigstens einmal zu wiederholen.According to the invention, it is provided that the control device is designed to adapt the soil parameters of the simulation while evaluating the measurement data of the sensors and then preferably the simulation to repeat at least once.

In weiter bevorzugter Ausgestaltung des Systems der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Steuerungseinrichtung so ausgebildet ist, um die Simulation in Echtzeit durchzuführen.In a further preferred embodiment of the system of the invention it is provided that the control device is designed to carry out the simulation in real time.

Hinsichtlich der Echtzeitfähigkeit des Systems der Erfindung ist der zuständige Fachmann selbst in der Lage, die erforderlichen technischen Komponenten des Systems, wie beispielsweise Recheneinrichtungen und Datenübertragungswege, auszuwählen.With regard to the real-time capability of the system of the invention, the person skilled in the art is able to select the required technical components of the system, such as computing devices and data transmission paths.

In weiter bevorzugter Ausgestaltung des Systems der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass das System weitere Mittel umfasst, die ausgebildet sind, dem Boden wenigstens ein oder mehrere Fluide und/oder Füllmaterial zuzuführen.In a further preferred embodiment of the system of the invention it is provided that the system comprises further means which are designed to supply at least one or more fluids and / or filler material to the soil.

Kurzbeschreibung der FigurenBrief description of the figures

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels und dazugehöriger Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Die Figuren beziehen sich alle auf dasselbe bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiel, so dass die Bezugszeichen entsprechend figurenübergreifend gelten und in der Beschreibung der jeweiligen Figur gegebenenfalls auf unterschiedliche Figuren Bezug genommen wird.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of a preferred exemplary embodiment and associated drawings. The figures all relate to the same preferred exemplary embodiment, so that the reference symbols apply accordingly across the figures and, if necessary, reference is made to different figures in the description of the respective figure.

Die Figuren zeigen:

Figur 1
ein erfindungsgemäßes System zur Verdichtung von Böden;
Figur 2
ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren zur Verdichtung von Böden anhand des erfindungsgemäßen Systems;
Figur 3
ein Rüttelwerkzeug des erfindungsgemäßen Systems und
Figur 4
ein Blockschema eines Prozessschrittes zur Verdichtung des Bodens innerhalb des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Verdichtung von Böden.
The figures show:
Figure 1
a system according to the invention for compacting soils;
Figure 2
a method according to the invention for compacting soils using the system according to the invention;
Figure 3
a vibrating tool of the system according to the invention and
Figure 4
a block diagram of a process step for compacting the soil within the method according to the invention for compacting soils.

Detaillierte Beschreibung der ErfindungDetailed description of the invention

Figur 1 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes System zur Verdichtung von Böden. Die Figur 1 enthält eine Übersicht zu den wichtigsten Systemelementen. So umfasst das erfindungsgemäße System ein in den Boden 10 abteufbares Rüttelwerkzeug 12. Das Rüttelwerkzeug 12 ist hier als Rüttler-Lanzen-Garnitur 14 ausgebildet. Diese umfasst ein Schwerrohr 16 sowie einen Rüttler 18. Ein detaillierterer Aufbau des Rüttelwerkzeugs 12 ist in Figur 3 dargestellt. Figure 1 shows a system according to the invention for compacting soils. The Figure 1 contains an overview of the most important system elements. The system according to the invention thus comprises a vibrating tool 12 that can be lowered into the ground 10. The vibrating tool 12 is designed here as a vibrating lance assembly 14. This comprises a heavy pipe 16 and a vibrator 18. A more detailed structure of the vibrating tool 12 is shown in FIG Figure 3 shown.

Weiterhin umfasst das System der Erfindung eine Vielzahl von Sensoren 20. Einige der Sensoren 20 sind in dem Rüttelwerkzeug 12 integriert. Wiederum einige der Sensoren 20 sind in einem Trägergerät 22 für das Rüttelwerkzeug 12 integriert. Die Sensoren 20 sind ausgebildet, Zustandsgrößen des Rüttelwerkzeugs 12 vor, während und nach der Verdichtung zu messen. Rein exemplarisch wird hier ein Sensor zur Erfassung einer Rütteltiefe 24 am Trägergerät 22 und ein GPS-Sensor 25 zur Bestimmung einer Raumposition einer Spitze des Trägergeräts 22 genannt. Das System umfasst weiterhin eine Steuerungseinrichtung 26. Die Steuerungseinrichtung 26 ist ausgebildet, einen Abgleich von Messdaten der Sensoren 20 mit erwarteten Messdaten durchzuführen. Die erwarteten Messdaten repräsentieren dabei Zustandsgrößen des Bodens 10.Furthermore, the system of the invention comprises a multiplicity of sensors 20. Some of the sensors 20 are integrated in the vibrating tool 12. Again some of the sensors 20 are integrated in a carrier device 22 for the vibrating tool 12. The sensors 20 are designed to measure state variables of the vibrating tool 12 before, during and after compaction. Purely by way of example, a sensor for detecting a shaking depth 24 on the carrier device 22 and a GPS sensor 25 for determining a spatial position of a tip of the carrier device 22 are mentioned here. The system further comprises a control device 26. The control device 26 is designed to carry out a comparison of measurement data from the sensors 20 with expected measurement data. The expected measurement data represent state variables of the soil 10.

Figur 2 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren zur Verdichtung von Böden anhand des erfindungsgemäßen Systems aus Figur 1. In einem ersten Verfahrensschritt wird zunächst das Trägergerät 22 mit dem Rüttelwerkzeug 12 bereitgestellt. Ferner wird ein geeignetes Förderfahrzeug 28 bereitgestellt, welches im Laufe des Verfahrens noch benötigt wird, um dem Boden 10 ein Füllmaterial 30 zuzuführen. Vorzugsweise wird bereits in dem ersten Verfahrensschritt damit begonnen, mit den Sensoren 20 eine Vielzahl von Zustandsgrößen des Rüttelwerkzeugs 12 zu messen und über geeignete Datenleitungen 34, die leitungsgebunden oder auch kabellos sein können, an die Steuerungseinrichtung 26 zu übertragen. Die Steuerungseinrichtung 26 beginnt dann von den Sensoren 20 gelieferte Messdaten 36 mit den erwarteten Messdaten durchzuführen. Figure 2 shows a method according to the invention for compacting soils using the system according to the invention Figure 1 . In a first method step, the carrier device 22 with the vibrating tool 12 is first provided. Furthermore, a suitable conveying vehicle 28 is provided, which is still required in the course of the method in order to supply a filling material 30 to the floor 10. In the first step of the method, the sensors 20 preferably begin to measure a large number of state variables of the vibrating tool 12 and transmit them to the control device 26 via suitable data lines 34, which can be wired or wireless. The control device 26 then begins to carry out measurement data 36 supplied by the sensors 20 with the expected measurement data.

Die erwarteten Messdaten werden in einer Simulation ermittelt. Die erwarteten Messdaten beschreiben eine Wechselwirkung des Rüttelwerkzeugs 12 und des Bodens 10 unter gegebenen Bodenparametern. In dem ersten Verfahrensschritt findet noch keine nennenswerte Interaktion zwischen dem Rüttelwerkzeug 12 und dem Boden 10 statt. Die Simulation kann somit beispielsweise erwartete Messdaten in Form von erwarteten Leerlaufsignalen der Sensoren 20 enthalten.The expected measurement data are determined in a simulation. The expected measurement data describe an interaction of the vibrating tool 12 and the soil 10 under given soil parameters. In the first method step, there is still no significant interaction between the vibrating tool 12 and the floor 10. The simulation can thus for example take the form of expected measurement data of expected idle signals of the sensors 20 included.

In einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt wird das Rüttelwerkzeug 12 dann in den Boden 10 abgeteuft. Dieser Vorgang wurde vorab zumindest einmalig simuliert. Beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines Zeitstempels, der den Beginn der Interaktion zwischen dem Boden 10 und dem Rüttelwerkzeug 12 in der Simulation markiert, werden entsprechende erwartete Messdaten zeitgleich mit Beginn des realen Abteufprozesses von der Simulation bereitgestellt. Durch Abgleichen der real aufgenommenen Messdaten 36 der Sensoren 20 während des realen Abteufprozesses mit den während des realen Abteufprozesses erwarteten Messdaten 36 wird dann festgestellt, inwiefern der reale Verdichtungsprozess dem simulierten Abteufprozess entspricht. Bei Abweichungen ist die Steuerungseinrichtung 26 ausgebildet, zur Steuerung beziehungsweise Regelung eines schnellen Abteufprozesses entsprechende Steuerungssignale 38 an das Trägergerät 22 und das Rüttelwerkzeug 12 zu übermitteln.In a second process step, the vibrating tool 12 is then sunk into the ground 10. This process was simulated at least once in advance. For example, with the aid of a time stamp which marks the beginning of the interaction between the soil 10 and the vibrating tool 12 in the simulation, corresponding expected measurement data are provided by the simulation at the same time as the start of the real drilling process. By comparing the measured data 36 actually recorded by the sensors 20 during the real sinking process with the measured data 36 expected during the real sinking process, it is then determined to what extent the real compaction process corresponds to the simulated sinking process. In the event of deviations, the control device 26 is designed to transmit corresponding control signals 38 to the carrier device 22 and the vibrating tool 12 for controlling or regulating a rapid sinking process.

Ferner wird von der Steuerungseinrichtung 26 permanent eine Plausibilitätsprüfung durchgeführt, die sich auf eine mögliche Abweichung der Messdaten 36 von den erwarteten Messdaten bezieht. Sollte der Boden 10 beispielsweise gebietsweise real andere Bodenparameter aufweisen, als sie der Simulation zugrunde gelegt worden sind, so erkennen entsprechende Algorithmen für die Plausibilitätsprüfung eine systematische Abweichung. Die Bodenparameter der Simulation werden dann angepasst und die Simulation dann wenigstens einmal wiederholt. Somit können die erwarteten Messdaten iterativ korrigiert werden. So lässt sich beispielsweise auch eine Verifizierung und Kalibrierung der Simulation und der Regelung der Verdichtung des Bodens 10 projektspezifisch im Zuge eines ersten Verdichtungsvorganges durchführen. Der erste Verdichtungsvorgang kann beispielsweise der in dem zweiten Verfahrensschritt gezeigte erstmalige Vorgang des Abteufens sein.Furthermore, the control device 26 permanently carries out a plausibility check which relates to a possible deviation of the measurement data 36 from the expected measurement data. If, for example, the soil 10 has real soil parameters in some areas from those on which the simulation is based, then corresponding algorithms for the plausibility check recognize a systematic deviation. The soil parameters of the simulation are then adjusted and the simulation is then repeated at least once. The expected measurement data can thus be corrected iteratively. For example, a verification and calibration of the simulation and the regulation of the compaction of the soil 10 can also be carried out project-specifically in the course of a first compaction process. The first compaction process can be, for example, the first drilling process shown in the second method step.

In einem dritten Verfahrensschritt wird, nach Erreichen einer Abteuftiefe, Füllmaterial 30 zugeführt und der Verdichtungsvorgang begonnen. Der dritte Verfahrensschritt kann iterativ im Pilgerschrittverfahren erfolgen. Durch fortwährenden Abgleich der Messdaten 36 mit den erwarteten Messdaten wird erkannt, wenn das Füllmaterial 30 und der umliegende Boden 10 einen gewünschten Zustand erreicht haben. Die Bodenparameter umfassen dann auch die Eigenschaften des Füllmaterials 30.In a third process step, after reaching a depth, filling material 30 is added and the compaction process begins. The third process step can take place iteratively using the pilgrim step process. By continually comparing the measurement data 36 with the expected measurement data, it is recognized when the filling material 30 and the surrounding soil 10 have reached a desired state. The soil parameters then also include the properties of the filling material 30.

In einem gezeigten vierten Verfahrensschritt ist das Verfahren zur Verdichtung des Bodens 10 an einer Arbeitsposition 40 abgeschlossen. In der Regel handelt es sich dabei um eine von vielen Arbeitspositionen, an denen in dem Verfahren der Boden 10 verdichtet wird.In a fourth method step shown, the method for compacting the soil 10 at a working position 40 is completed. As a rule, this is one of many work positions at which the soil 10 is compacted in the process.

Figur 3 zeigt das Rüttelwerkzeug 12 des erfindungsgemäßen Systems in einer detaillierteren Ansicht. Das Rüttelwerkzeug 12 ist als Rüttler-Lanzen-Garnitur 14 ausgebildet. Es umfasst ein Schwerrohr 16 und einen Rüttler 18. Das Rüttelwerkzeug 12 umfasst weiterhin einen Antriebsmotor 42 für eine Unwucht 44, die in dem Rüttelkopf 18 integriert ist. In dem Rüttelwerkzeug 12 ist eine Vielzahl an Sensoren 20 integriert. Im Bereich einer Rüttlerspitze 46 sind Beschleunigungssensoren 48 zur Messung der Beschleunigungen quer zu der Rüttlerspitze 46 in zwei Freiheitsgraden integriert. Weiterhin sind dort Temperatursensoren 50 vorgesehen, mit denen die Temperatur eines Öls sowie eines Unwuchtlagers 52 messbar ist. Im Bereich des Antriebsmotors 42 sind Drehmomentsensoren 52 und weitere Temperatur-sensoren 50 zur Temperaturmessung an einem Motorlager 54 vorgesehen. An einer Seite des Antriebsmotors 42, die dem Schwerrohr 16 der Lanzengarnitur 14 zugewandt ist, sind weitere Sensoren 20 in Form von Beschleunigungssensoren 48, Lagesensoren 56, Sensoren zur Messung einer Frequenz und eines Drehwinkels 58 des Antriebsmotors 42 sowie weitere Temperatursensoren 50 zur Temperaturmessung an einem weiteren Motorlager 60 vorgesehen. Die Messdaten 36 der Sensoren 20 werden über eine Datenleitung 34 aus dem Rüttelwerkzeug 12 an die Steuerungseinrichtung 26 zur weiteren Verarbeitung übertragen. Figure 3 shows the vibrating tool 12 of the system according to the invention in a more detailed view. The vibrating tool 12 is designed as a vibrating lance set 14. It comprises a heavy pipe 16 and a vibrator 18. The vibrating tool 12 also includes a drive motor 42 for an imbalance 44, which is integrated in the vibrating head 18. A large number of sensors 20 are integrated in the vibrating tool 12. In the area of a vibrator tip 46, acceleration sensors 48 for measuring the accelerations transversely to the vibrator tip 46 are integrated in two degrees of freedom. Furthermore, temperature sensors 50 are provided there with which the temperature of an oil and of an unbalance bearing 52 can be measured. In the area of the drive motor 42, torque sensors 52 and further temperature sensors 50 for measuring the temperature on a motor bearing 54 are provided. On one side of the drive motor 42, which faces the heavy tube 16 of the lance fitting 14, there are further sensors 20 in the form of acceleration sensors 48, position sensors 56, sensors for measuring a frequency and an angle of rotation 58 of the drive motor 42 and further temperature sensors 50 for measuring temperature further engine mount 60 is provided. The measurement data 36 of the sensors 20 are transmitted via a data line 34 from the vibrating tool 12 to the control device 26 for further processing.

Figur 4 zeigt ein Blockschema des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Sofern Bezugszeichen der vorhergehenden Beschreibung verwendet werden, wird rein exemplarisch Bezug auf die jeweiligen, das Bezugszeichen enthaltenen Figuren genommen. Die Nummerierung der Teilschritte gilt ausschließlich für Figur 4. Figure 4 shows a block diagram of the method according to the invention. If reference symbols from the preceding description are used, reference is made purely by way of example to the respective figures containing the reference symbol. The numbering of the sub-steps applies exclusively to Figure 4 .

Gezeigt ist hier ein Ausschnitt aus dem Verfahren zur Verdichtung von Böden in Form eines einzelnen Prozessschrittes innerhalb der Verdichtung. Zu Beginn des im Blockschema gezeigten Prozessschrittes (Teilschritt 1) liegen messtechnisch ermittelte Zustandsgrößen 62 des Bodens 10 vor, die in Teilschritt 2 beispielsweise in die Steuerungseinrichtung 26 geladen werden. Ferner liegen in Teilschritt 1 von den Sensoren 20 gelieferte Messdaten 36 zu den Zustandsgrößen des Rüttelwerkzeugs 12 vor, die in Teilschritt 2 ebenso in die Steuerungseinrichtung 26 geladen werden. Die Summe der messtechnisch ermittelten Zustandsgrößen 62 des Bodens 10 beschreibt den Ist-Zustand des Bodens 62 in den Teilschritten 1 und 2 vor der Verdichtung. Unter Kenntnis des Ist-Zustands des Bodens 62 und des Rüttelwerkzeugs 12 ist bereits vor Beginn des Teilschritts 1 eine Zielfunktion 66 bestimmt worden. Die Zielfunktion 66 kann auf Basis einer erwarteten Interaktion des Rüttelwerkzeugs 12 mit dem Boden 10 im Vorfeld erstellt werden. Ausgangszustände des Rüttelwerkzeugs 12 und des Bodens 10 sind bekannt. Ein Ziel-Zustand des Bodens 10 wird frei gewählt. Durch Simulation der Verdichtung können Zustandsänderungen des Rüttelwerkzeugs 12 und des Bodens 10 vorhergesagt werden. Die Zielfunktion 66 erhält dann als Datengrundlage die über die Zeit zu erzeugenden Ausprägungen der Zustandsgrößen des Bodens 10 in Form von erwarteten Messdaten 68, die das Rüttelwerkzeug 12 während der Interaktion mit dem Boden über die Zeit liefert. Die Zielfunktion 66 enthält auch die hierzu erforderlichen Steuerungssignale 38 für das Rüttelwerkzeug 12. Diese Daten der Zielfunktion 66 werden in Teilschritt 2 ebenfalls in die Steuerungseinrichtung 26 geladen.Shown here is an excerpt from the method for compaction of soils in the form of a single process step within the compaction. At the beginning of the process step shown in the block diagram (sub-step 1) there are state variables 62 of the soil 10 that have been determined by measurement and are loaded into the control device 26 in sub-step 2, for example. In addition, in sub-step 1, there are measurement data 36 supplied by the sensors 20 on the state variables of the vibrating tool 12, which are also loaded into the control device 26 in sub-step 2. The The sum of the state variables 62 of the soil 10 determined by measurement describes the actual state of the soil 62 in sub-steps 1 and 2 before compaction. With knowledge of the actual state of the floor 62 and the vibrating tool 12, a target function 66 has already been determined before the start of substep 1. The objective function 66 can be created in advance on the basis of an expected interaction of the vibrating tool 12 with the floor 10. Initial states of the vibrating tool 12 and of the floor 10 are known. A target state of the floor 10 is freely selected. Changes in the state of the vibrating tool 12 and of the soil 10 can be predicted by simulating the compaction. The target function 66 then receives, as a data basis, the characteristics of the state variables of the soil 10 to be generated over time in the form of expected measurement data 68 that the vibrating tool 12 delivers over time during the interaction with the soil. The target function 66 also contains the control signals 38 required for this for the vibrating tool 12. These data of the target function 66 are also loaded into the control device 26 in substep 2.

In Teilschritt 3 erfolgt dann die Bearbeitung des Bodens 10 mit dem Rüttelwerkzeug 12, beispielsweise eine Verdichtung. Hierbei erfolgt eine Abtastung der Zielfunktion 66 über die Zeit, wobei jeder Zeitpunkt einen Satz von Steuerungssignalen 38 für das Rüttelwerkzeug 12 und zugehörige erwartete Messdaten 68 enthält. Zusätzlich werden die real aufgenommenen Messdaten 36 der Sensoren 20 erfasst und dem jeweiligen Zeitpunkt zugeordnet. Sofern in dem jeweiligen Zeitpunkt die aufgenommenen Messdaten 36 mit den erwarteten Messdaten 68 übereinstimmen, läuft der Teilschritt 3 gemäß der vorgesehenen Steuerungssignale 38 fort. Im Falle unzulässig hoher Abweichungen werden diese ausgewertet und mögliche Ursachen durch Analyse der Abweichungen geschlussfolgert. Ist eine wahrscheinliche Ursache gefunden, werden die anfänglich messtechnisch ermittelten Zustandsgrößen 62 des Bodens 10 korrigiert, die Zielfunktion 66 neu bestimmt und der Teilschritt 3 dann vom gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt an fortgesetzt. Ebenso ist es möglich, dass der anfänglich zugrunde gelegte Zustand des Rüttelwerkzeugs 12 selbst korrigiert werden muss. Auf diesem Wege erfolgt eine iterative Annäherung der aufgenommenen Messdaten 36 und der Zielfunktion 66 beziehungsweise der erwarteten Messdaten 68.In sub-step 3, the soil 10 is then processed with the vibrating tool 12, for example compaction. Here, the objective function 66 is sampled over time, each point in time containing a set of control signals 38 for the vibrating tool 12 and associated expected measurement data 68. In addition, the measured data 36 actually recorded by the sensors 20 are recorded and assigned to the respective point in time. If the recorded measurement data 36 match the expected measurement data 68 at the respective point in time, sub-step 3 continues in accordance with the control signals 38 provided. In the event of inadmissibly high deviations, these are evaluated and possible causes are deduced by analyzing the deviations. If a probable cause is found, the initially metrologically determined state variables 62 of the soil 10 are corrected, the target function 66 is redefined, and sub-step 3 is then continued from the present point in time. It is also possible that the condition of the vibrating tool 12 itself, which was initially used as a basis, must be corrected. In this way, the recorded measurement data 36 and the target function 66 or the expected measurement data 68 are iteratively approximated.

Die Bearbeitung des Bodens 10 endet, sobald eine Übereinstimmung der aufgenommenen Messdaten 36 und der erwarteten Messdaten 68 erreicht ist (Teilschritt 4). Hier stimmen ein Endpunkt 70 der Zielfunktion 66 und ein Endpunkt 72 der aufgenommenen Messdaten 36 überein. In Teilschritt 5 kann dann eine weitere Bearbeitung des Bodens 10 erfolgen. Beispielsweise kann auf Grundlage des Endpunkts 70 der Zielfunktion 66 eine neue Zielfunktion zur Durchführung eines weiteren Prozessschritts 74 generiert werden.The processing of the soil 10 ends as soon as a match between the recorded measurement data 36 and the expected measurement data 68 is achieved (substep 4). An end point 70 of the objective function 66 and an end point 72 of the are correct here recorded measurement data 36 match. In sub-step 5, further processing of the base 10 can then take place. For example, on the basis of the end point 70 of the objective function 66, a new objective function for carrying out a further process step 74 can be generated.

BezugszeichenReference number

1010
Bodenground
1212
RüttelwerkzeugVibrating tool
1414th
Rüttler-Lanzen-GarniturVibrator lance set
1616
SchwerrohrHeavy pipe
1818th
RüttlerVibrator
2020th
SensorenSensors
2222nd
TrägergerätCarrier device
2424
Sensor zur Erfassung einer RütteltiefeSensor for detecting a vibration depth
2525th
GPS-SensorGPS sensor
2626th
SteuerungseinrichtungControl device
2828
FörderfahrzeugConveyor vehicle
3030th
Füllmaterialfilling material
3434
DatenleitungData line
3636
MessdatenMeasurement data
3838
SteuerungssignaleControl signals
4040
ArbeitspositionWorking position
4242
AntriebsmotorDrive motor
4444
UnwuchtImbalance
4646
RüttlerspitzeShaker tip
4848
BeschleunigungssensorenAcceleration sensors
5050
TemperatursensorenTemperature sensors
5252
UnwuchtlagerUnbalance bearings
5454
MotorlagerEngine mount
5656
LagesensorenPosition sensors
5858
Sensoren zur Messung einer Frequenz und eines DrehwinkelsSensors for measuring a frequency and an angle of rotation
6060
weiteres Motorlageranother engine mount
6262
messtechnisch ermittelte Zustandsgrößen des Bodensstate variables of the soil determined by measurement
6464
Startpunkt - Ausgangszustand des BodensStarting point - initial state of the soil
6666
ZielfunktionObjective function
6868
erwartete Messdatenexpected measurement data
7070
Endpunkt der ZielfunktionEnd point of the objective function
7272
Endpunkt der aufgenommenen MessdatenEnd point of the recorded measurement data
7474
weiterer Prozessschrittfurther process step

Claims (10)

  1. A method for compacting soils, in which a vibration tool (12) is sunk into the soil (10) and, during the compaction, a plurality of state variables of the vibration tool (12) are measured as measurement data using sensors (20)
    and at least some of these sensors (20) are integrated in the vibration tool (12) and wherein a transfer of the measurement data (36) of the sensors (20) to a control device (26) further takes place,
    the control device (26) carries out a comparison of the measurement data (36) of the sensors (20) with expected measurement data, wherein the expected measurement data represent at least one state variable of the soil (10) and describe a defined target state of the soil which should be achieved in the method,
    characterized in that
    the expected measurement data are determined in a simulation carried out by the control device (26), said simulation describing an interaction of the vibration tool (12) and the soil (10) under given soil parameters.
  2. The method for compacting soils according to Claim 1, characterized in that the control device (26) carries out a control and/or regulation of the compaction of the soil (10) based on the comparison.
  3. The method for compacting soils according to Claim 1, characterized in that the soil parameters are adapted to the simulation by evaluating the measurement data (36) of the sensors (20) and the simulation is then repeated at least once.
  4. The method for compacting soils according to Claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the simulation takes place in real time.
  5. The method for compacting soils according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more fluids and/or filler materials (30) are added to the soil (10).
  6. A system for compacting soils (10), comprising at least:
    - a vibration tool (12) which is sinkable into the soil (10);
    - a plurality of sensors (20), which are designed to measure state variables of the vibration tool (12) during the compaction as measurement data (36), wherein at least
    some of the sensors (20) are integrated in the vibration tool (12); and
    - a control device (26),
    the control device(26) being designed to carry out a comparison of the measurement data (36) of the sensors (20) with expected measurement data, wherein the expected measurement data represent at least one state variable of the soil (10) and describe a defined target state of the soil which should be achieved for compacting the soil (10),
    characterized in that
    the control device (26) is designed to carry out a simulation of an interaction of the vibration tool (12) and the soil (10) under given soil parameters and to derive the expected measurement data from a result of the simulation.
  7. The system for compacting soils according to Claim 6, characterized in that the control device (26) is designed to carry out a control and/or regulation of the compaction of the soil (10) based on the comparison.
  8. The system for compacting soils according to Claim 6, characterized in that the control device (26) is designed to adapt the soil parameters of the simulation by evaluating the measurement data (36) of the sensors (20) and to then repeat the simulation at least once.
  9. The system for compacting soils according to Claim 6 or 8, characterized in that the control device (26) is designed to carry out the simulation in real time.
  10. The system for compacting soils according to any one of Claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the system comprises further means, which are designed to add at least one or more fluids and/or filler materials (30) to the soil (10).
EP17196537.9A 2016-10-26 2017-10-16 Method and system for the compaction of a soil Active EP3315668B1 (en)

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DE102016120382.3A DE102016120382A1 (en) 2016-10-26 2016-10-26 Method, principle, control and equipment for carrying out the automatic compression of multiphase grain mixtures

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DE (1) DE102016120382A1 (en)
DK (1) DK3315668T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2835058T3 (en)
LT (1) LT3315668T (en)
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CN109520694A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-26 中国海洋大学 A kind of device vibrating lower soil mass property for measuring submarine pipeline

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DE2720160A1 (en) 1977-05-05 1978-11-16 Uffmann Hans Peter Dr Ing Improving subsoil consolidating effect - using machine with characteristics matched to optimum geological-soil mechanics conditions
DE19628769C2 (en) * 1996-07-17 1998-06-10 Bul Sachsen Gmbh Method and device for deep compaction of binding and non-binding compaction material
DE19822290C2 (en) 1998-05-18 2003-01-02 Bul Sachsen Gmbh Process and device for compacting vibratory pressure and vibrating plugging of binding and non-binding compaction material
DE19859962C2 (en) 1998-12-29 2001-07-12 Keller Grundbau Gmbh Method and device for improving a building ground while determining the degree of compaction
DE19928692C1 (en) 1999-06-23 2000-11-30 Bauer Spezialtiefbau On-line ground compaction control method uses detected sensor values for calculating system dynamic characteristics and actual ground loading for control of vibratory compactor
DE19930885C2 (en) 1999-07-05 2003-04-24 Keller Grundbau Gmbh Method for controlling a deep vibrator
DE10146342B4 (en) * 2001-09-20 2005-12-08 Keller Grundbau Gmbh Method for determining the storage density
US20140219726A1 (en) * 2011-06-15 2014-08-07 Alexander Degen Method for ground probing
DE102012004560A1 (en) * 2012-03-10 2013-09-12 Joachim Heisler Method for controlling compaction power of deep vibrator during e.g. vibrating pressure compaction, involves setting product of voltage, current and time consumed during compaction process for lowering or increasing speed of compaction work
DE102012110194B3 (en) * 2012-10-25 2014-06-26 Andre HERZOG Method for automating the process of vibrating pressure and vibratory compaction of cohesive and non-binding compaction material

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DE102016120382A1 (en) 2018-04-26
PL3315668T3 (en) 2021-04-06
DK3315668T3 (en) 2020-12-21
LT3315668T (en) 2021-01-11
ES2835058T3 (en) 2021-06-21

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