EP3314190A1 - Echangeur de chaleur à tubes améliorés - Google Patents
Echangeur de chaleur à tubes améliorésInfo
- Publication number
- EP3314190A1 EP3314190A1 EP16730428.6A EP16730428A EP3314190A1 EP 3314190 A1 EP3314190 A1 EP 3314190A1 EP 16730428 A EP16730428 A EP 16730428A EP 3314190 A1 EP3314190 A1 EP 3314190A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- heat exchanger
- tubes
- ductile
- collar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
- F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/12—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements
- F28F2275/125—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements by bringing elements together and expanding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2280/00—Mounting arrangements; Arrangements for facilitating assembling or disassembling of heat exchanger parts
- F28F2280/08—Tolerance compensating means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat exchanger, and more particularly to heat exchanger tubes of the mechanical type.
- a heat exchanger generally comprises tubes, in which a heat transfer fluid is intended to circulate, and heat exchange elements connected to these tubes.
- Brazed and mechanical type heat exchangers are usually distinguished by their manufacturing process.
- the heat exchange elements are connected to the tubes by stirring.
- the heat exchange elements are connected to the tubes by crimping, without soldering, that is to say without adding material.
- the heat exchange elements referred to in this case as "spacers"
- the tubes and spacers are connected to the tubes in the following manner.
- Each tube is coated with a solder layer.
- the tubes and spacers are placed in a common support by arranging them relative to each other in their substantially definitive relative positions. This support is necessary to keep between them the tubes and the interleaves because they are not yet interconnected.
- placing the assembly comprising the support and the various elements it contains in an oven so as to heat the assembly, cause the solder to melt and thus connect the tubes and the spacers between them. Note that this last heating step is in a neutral and confined atmosphere.
- the heat exchange elements are connected to the tubes in the following manner.
- the holes are formed in the fins passage tubes. These passage holes are generally delimited each by a fallen edge forming a neck.
- the fins are arranged substantially parallel to each other and each tube is threaded into a series of aligned holes of the fins.
- it causes a radial expansion of the tubes by passing an expansion tool inside these tubes so as to mechanically bind the tubes and fins by crimping, the necks defining the passage holes of the tubes then forming tight collars around the tubes.
- the method of manufacturing a mechanical type heat exchanger does not require, for the assembly of fins and tubes between them, solder, that is to say material supply. Moreover, such a method does not include a complex heating step in a neutral and confined atmosphere.
- a mechanical type heat exchanger is generally less expensive to manufacture than a brazed type heat exchanger.
- the object of the invention is to eliminate as much as possible the undesirable interstices between the tubes and the narrow fins around the tubes of a mechanical heat exchanger, without having to significantly modify the manufacturing process of this heat exchanger. with inexpensive means not causing the weakening of the tube structure.
- the subject of the invention is a heat exchanger comprising at least one tube and at least one fin, the tube being connected to the fin by clamping this tube in a collar formed in the fin,
- the tube comprises a material in contact with the collar, said ductile, and reinforcing means of the tube, the ductile material being deformed plastically in contact with the collar contrary to the reinforcing means.
- the fins are connected to the tubes by crimping, as is usual for a mechanical type heat exchanger.
- the ductile material plastically deformed in contact with the collar reduces or even prevents the appearance of gaps between the tube and the fin in which the collar is formed.
- reinforcing means which do not deform plastically, allows to maintain good mechanical strength of the tube.
- the joint presence of the ductile material and reinforcement means ensures a continuous contact between the fin and the outer surface of the tube, without the mechanical strength of the exchanger is affected.
- the performance of the heat exchanger is greatly improved. It has been found power saving of the order of 8% on average and of the order of 15% in case of large flow of fluid flowing in the tube.
- the reinforcing means comprise fibers or particles embedded in the ductile material.
- the fibers are for example oriented in the longitudinal direction of the tube when the latter has a generally elongate shape.
- the particles may for example be evenly distributed in the thickness and / or the length of the tube, or concentrated to the inner surface of the tube.
- the reinforcing means comprise an inner layer of the tube that is more rigid than the ductile material, this ductile material forming an outer layer of the tube.
- the modes of application may for example include chemical or mechanical deposition techniques.
- a deposition technique chosen from: electroplating, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, coating and co-rolling.
- the inner layer is made of an alloy comprising essentially aluminum and the outer layer is made of an alloy comprising at least one component chosen from: copper, molybdenum, cadmium, silver, gold, lead, platinum, zinc and nickel.
- alloy essentially comprising aluminum an alloy comprising a majority of moles of aluminum.
- the materials as proposed for producing the outer layer have the advantage of being more ductile than alloys comprising essentially aluminum.
- the outer layer comprising one of the above alloys will be plastically deformed to prevent the occurrence of interstices between the tube and the collar.
- the alloys provided for the outer layer have a high thermal conductivity, conducive to heat exchange between the tube and each fin.
- the tube comprises coaxial inner and outer tubes, the inner tube forming the reinforcing means, the outer tube being formed in the ductile material, the ductile material being formed by the same material as that forming the inner tube which has undergone a heat treatment making it more ductile than the material forming the inner tube.
- the reinforcing means will preferably be formed by an inner tube fitted to be fitted into an outer tube made of ductile material, this outer tube coming into contact with the fin after the expansion.
- the inner tube is fitted into the outer tube and secured to them at the time of expansion of the tube by insertion of an expansion tool into the inner tube.
- This embodiment has the advantage of being able to use substantially the same materials for the inner and outer tubes, the material of the outer tube being distinguished from the inner tube only by a heat treatment.
- the heat treatment is an annealing.
- the tube has a continuous ductility gradient in its thickness.
- This property can for example be obtained by exposing an external zone of the tube at high temperature (beyond 400 ° C. for most alloys, including alloys essentially comprising aluminum), with low-level fluid circulation. temperature inside the tube to limit heating of an internal zone of the tube.
- the continuous ductility gradient avoids the appearance of discontinuities in the mechanical properties of the tube, which could concentrate constraints or generate weaknesses.
- the ductile material comprises essentially aluminum, which is a material both light, good heat conductor, and mechanical strength properties adapted to the function of heat exchanger.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger comprising a tube according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a detail view along the arrow II of Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the wall of the tube of Figure 1;
- Figure 4 is a perspective view of the wall of a tube according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the wall of a tube according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view of a tube according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a heat exchanger according to a first embodiment of the invention designated by the general reference 10.
- the heat exchanger 10 is intended to equip a motor vehicle.
- the heat exchanger 10 comprises tubes 12, in which a conventional heat transfer fluid is intended to circulate, and heat exchange elements 14 connected to these tubes 12.
- the heat exchanger 10 is of the mechanical type. More particularly, the tubes 12 are connected to the heat exchange elements, called in this case fins 14, by clamping the tubes 12 in collars 16 formed in the fins 14.
- the fins 14 are provided with holes 18 through which the tubes 12 pass. These passage holes 18 are each delimited by a fallen edge forming a neck 20.
- the tubes 12 each have a generally elongated shape and have a substantially oval section.
- the tubes 12 are arranged substantially parallel to each other, so as to form a single row.
- the fins 14 have a substantially flat general shape and are arranged in the heat exchanger 10 substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal directions of the tubes 12.
- Each tube 12 is threaded into a series of aligned holes 18 of the fins 14.
- the tubes 12 are crimped into the necks 20 through which they pass, so that these necks 20 form the collars 16.
- each tube 12 is coated with an outer layer 22 of ductile material in contact with the collar 16.
- the tube 12 also comprises reinforcing means which, in this embodiment, are an inner layer 23 of the tube 12 which is more rigid than the ductile material forming the outer layer 22.
- the outer layer 22 of ductile material is plastically deformed in contact with the collar 16, unlike the inner layer 23 which is not plastically deformed.
- FIG. 2 shows heterogeneities 24 of deformation between the tube 12 and the collar 16 which it surrounds.
- the layer 22 of ductile material provides a quality thermal connection between the tube 12 and the collar 16, the tube 12 also retaining good mechanical strength thanks to the reinforcing means constituted by the inner layer 23.
- FIG. 3 shows the outer layer 22 of ductile material which is made of a material less rigid than that of the inner layer 23.
- the ductile material of the outer layer 22 is, in this example, distinct from the material of the inner layer 23.
- the material of the inner layer 23 is preferably an alloy comprising essentially aluminum, just like the fins 14.
- the outer layer 22 is made of an alloy comprising at least one component chosen from: copper, molybdenum, cadmium, silver, gold, lead, platinum, zinc and nickel, and the fins 4 are made of an alloy comprising essentially aluminum.
- alloys comprising at least one of these components undergo plastic deformation under the usual conditions of assembly of a mechanical exchanger.
- This embodiment has the advantage of great simplicity of implementation.
- the application of the outer layer 22 can for example be done using chemical or mechanical deposition techniques.
- a deposition technique chosen from: electroplating, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, coating and co-rolling.
- the tube 12 comprises a outer tube 26 made of a ductile material in contact with the collar 16, and an outer tube 28, the inner tube 28 forming the reinforcing means.
- the inner tubes 28 and outer 26 are coaxial.
- Such a tube 12 can be obtained by forcing the inner tube 28 into the outer tube 26 of ductile material. Indeed, the outer tube 26 and inner 28 are adjusted to fit into one another.
- the inner tube 28 is threaded into the outer tube 26 and secured at the moment of expansion of the tube by insertion of an expansion tool into the inner tube 28.
- the outer tube 26 and the inner tube 28 are formed of the same material.
- the material in which the outer tube 26 is made has undergone a heat treatment making it more ductile than the material forming the inner tube 28.
- This additional heat treatment aims to modify the properties of the alloy of the outer tube 26 so as to ensure its plastic deformation during expansion. It can be for example an annealing or quenching.
- the outer tube 26 is made of an alloy comprising substantially annealed aluminum
- the inner tube 28 is made of the same alloy that has not been annealed.
- the tube 12 is formed by a wall having a continuous ductility gradient in its thickness.
- an outer zone 32 of the tube 12 in contact with the collar constitutes a plastically deformed ductile material, while an inner zone 34 of the tube 12 constitutes a reinforcing means which does not deform plastically.
- the continuous ductility gradient can, for example, be obtained by exposing the external zone to high temperature (beyond 400 ° C. for most alloys, the alloys essentially comprising aluminum), with circulation of fluid at low temperature inside the tube to limit warming of the internal area.
- the tube 12 is formed by a wall comprising a matrix 36 in contact with the collar 16 made of a first plastically deformed ductile material.
- Reinforcing fibers 38 made of a material more rigid than that of the matrix 36, are embedded in this matrix 36.
- the reinforcing fibers 38 do not deform plastically under the usual conditions of assembly of a mechanical exchanger.
- the die 36 is made of an annealed aluminum alloy, and the reinforcing fibers 38 are made of nickel-coated carbon fibers.
- the carbon fibers provide rigidity to the composite material and the nickel coating prevents the formation of AI 4 C 3 compounds.
- Another possibility consists in using ceramic reinforcing fibers (Al 2 0 3 type ).
- the number and the arrangement of the fibers 38, as well as the rigid material in which they are formed, are advantageously chosen to allow good mechanical strength of the tube 12 during expansion.
- the reinforcing fibers 38 are here oriented in the longitudinal direction of the tube 12, which corresponds to a direction normal to the plane of FIG. 6.
- the fibers 38 preferably extend over the entire length of the tube 12.
- the reinforcing fibers 38 are replaced by reinforcing particles made of a material different from that of the matrix 36.
- the particles may for example be evenly distributed in the thickness and / or the length of the tube, or concentrated to the inner surface of the tube.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1555800A FR3038039B1 (fr) | 2015-06-24 | 2015-06-24 | Echangeur de chaleur a tubes ameliores |
PCT/EP2016/064341 WO2016207178A1 (fr) | 2015-06-24 | 2016-06-22 | Echangeur de chaleur à tubes améliorés |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3314190A1 true EP3314190A1 (fr) | 2018-05-02 |
EP3314190B1 EP3314190B1 (fr) | 2019-07-03 |
Family
ID=53674211
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16730428.6A Active EP3314190B1 (fr) | 2015-06-24 | 2016-06-22 | Echangeur de chaleur à tubes améliorés |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3314190B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3038039B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2016207178A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01239390A (ja) * | 1988-03-18 | 1989-09-25 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 熱交換器の製造方法 |
JPH04253534A (ja) * | 1991-01-31 | 1992-09-09 | Showa Alum Corp | 熱交換器用チューブの拡管方法 |
JP3356151B2 (ja) * | 2000-02-10 | 2002-12-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | フィンチューブ型熱交換器およびそれを用いた冷凍空調装置 |
KR20020072265A (ko) * | 2002-08-20 | 2002-09-14 | 이해환 | 라디에이터용 방열핀과 튜브의 결합방법 |
DE102006000736B4 (de) * | 2006-01-04 | 2019-07-11 | Mahle International Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Rohr/Rippen-Blockes und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
-
2015
- 2015-06-24 FR FR1555800A patent/FR3038039B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-06-22 WO PCT/EP2016/064341 patent/WO2016207178A1/fr unknown
- 2016-06-22 EP EP16730428.6A patent/EP3314190B1/fr active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3038039A1 (fr) | 2016-12-30 |
EP3314190B1 (fr) | 2019-07-03 |
WO2016207178A1 (fr) | 2016-12-29 |
FR3038039B1 (fr) | 2017-07-21 |
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