EP3311032B1 - Roue à aubes inclinées et inclinées à l'inverse - Google Patents

Roue à aubes inclinées et inclinées à l'inverse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3311032B1
EP3311032B1 EP16810628.4A EP16810628A EP3311032B1 EP 3311032 B1 EP3311032 B1 EP 3311032B1 EP 16810628 A EP16810628 A EP 16810628A EP 3311032 B1 EP3311032 B1 EP 3311032B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inclined blades
impeller
blades
reverse
therapy device
Prior art date
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EP16810628.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3311032A1 (fr
EP3311032A4 (fr
Inventor
Barton John Kenyon
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Resmed Pty Ltd
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Resmed Pty Ltd
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Priority to EP21189371.4A priority Critical patent/EP3985260A1/fr
Publication of EP3311032A1 publication Critical patent/EP3311032A1/fr
Publication of EP3311032A4 publication Critical patent/EP3311032A4/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/666—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by means of rotor construction or layout, e.g. unequal distribution of blades or vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
    • F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0057—Pumps therefor
    • A61M16/0066—Blowers or centrifugal pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
    • A61M16/022—Control means therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/281—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for fans or blowers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/30—Vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/667—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by influencing the flow pattern, e.g. suppression of turbulence
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
    • A61M16/0605—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient
    • A61M16/0633—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient with forehead support
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
    • A61M16/0683—Holding devices therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/14—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different fluids, one of them being in a liquid phase
    • A61M16/16—Devices to humidify the respiration air
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/0027—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure pressure meter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter
    • A61M2016/0033—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical
    • A61M2016/0039—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical in the inspiratory circuit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/42—Reducing noise
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2207/00—Methods of manufacture, assembly or production
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/20—Rotors
    • F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05D2240/304—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the trailing edge of a rotor blade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/70—Shape
    • F05D2250/75—Shape given by its similarity to a letter, e.g. T-shaped

Definitions

  • the present technology relates to an impeller for a blower. More specifically, the present technology relates to an impeller for a blower suitable for medical devices or apparatus, such as for respiratory pressure therapy, and its use.
  • the medical device or apparatus may relate to one or more of the detection, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and amelioration of respiratory-related disorders.
  • the respiratory system of the body facilitates gas exchange.
  • the nose and mouth form the entrance to the airways of a patient.
  • the airways include a series of branching tubes, which become narrower, shorter and more numerous as they penetrate deeper into the lung.
  • the prime function of the lung is gas exchange, allowing oxygen to move from the air into the venous blood and carbon dioxide to move out.
  • the trachea divides into right and left main bronchi, which further divide eventually into terminal bronchioles.
  • the bronchi make up the conducting airways, and do not take part in gas exchange. Further divisions of the airways lead to the respiratory bronchioles, and eventually to the alveoli.
  • the alveolated region of the lung is where the gas exchange takes place, and is referred to as the respiratory zone. See " Respiratory Physiology", by John B. West, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 9th edition published 2011 .
  • a range of respiratory disorders exist. Certain disorders may be characterised by particular events, e.g. apneas, hypopneas, and hyperpneas.
  • respiratory disorders include Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Cheyne-Stokes Respiration (CSR), respiratory insufficiency, Obesity Hyperventilation Syndrome (OHS), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Neuromuscular Disease (NMD) and Chest wall disorders.
  • OSA Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • CSR Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
  • OOS Obesity Hyperventilation Syndrome
  • COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  • NMD Neuromuscular Disease
  • Chest wall disorders examples include Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Cheyne-Stokes Respiration (CSR), respiratory insufficiency, Obesity Hyperventilation Syndrome (OHS), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Neuromuscular Disease (NMD) and Chest wall disorders.
  • CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
  • NMV Non-invasive ventilation
  • IV Invasive ventilation
  • Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy has been used to treat Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA).
  • OSA Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • the mechanism of action is that continuous positive airway pressure acts as a pneumatic splint and may prevent upper airway occlusion, such as by pushing the soft palate and tongue forward and away from the posterior oropharyngeal wall.
  • Treatment of OSA by CPAP therapy may be voluntary, and hence patients may elect not to comply with therapy if they find devices used to provide such therapy one or more of: uncomfortable, difficult to use, expensive and aesthetically unappealing.
  • Non-invasive ventilation provides ventilatory support to a patient through the upper airways to assist the patient breathing and/or maintain adequate oxygen levels in the body by doing some or all of the work of breathing.
  • the ventilatory support is provided via a non-invasive patient interface.
  • NIV has been used to treat CSR and respiratory insufficiency, in forms such as OHS, COPD, MD and Chest Wall disorders. In some forms, the comfort and effectiveness of these therapies may be improved.
  • IV Invasive ventilation
  • These therapies may be provided by a treatment system or device. Such systems and devices may also be used to diagnose a condition without treating it.
  • a treatment system may comprise a Respiratory Pressure Therapy Device (RPT device), an air circuit, a humidifier, a patient interface, and data management.
  • RPT device Respiratory Pressure Therapy Device
  • a patient interface may be used to interface respiratory equipment to its wearer, for example by providing a flow of air to an entrance to the airways.
  • the flow of air may be provided via a mask to the nose and/or mouth, a tube to the mouth or a tracheostomy tube to the trachea of a patient.
  • the patient interface may form a seal, e.g., with a region of the patient's face, to facilitate the delivery of gas at a pressure at sufficient variance with ambient pressure to effect therapy, e.g., at a positive pressure of about 10 cmH 2 O relative to ambient pressure.
  • the patient interface may not include a seal sufficient to facilitate delivery to the airways of a supply of gas at a positive pressure of about 10 cmH 2 O.
  • a respiratory pressure therapy (RPT) device may be used to deliver one or more of a number of therapies described above, such as by generating a flow of air for delivery to an entrance to the airways.
  • the flow of air may be pressurised.
  • RPT devices include a CPAP device and a ventilator.
  • Air pressure generators are known in a range of applications, e.g. industrial-scale ventilation systems. However, air pressure generators for medical applications have particular requirements not fulfilled by more generalised air pressure generators, such as the reliability, size and weight requirements of medical devices. In addition, even devices designed for medical treatment may suffer from shortcomings, pertaining to one or more of: comfort, noise, ease of use, efficacy, size, weight, manufacturability, cost, and reliability.
  • RPT Device name A-weighted sound power level dB(A) Year (approx.) C-Series TangoTM 31.9 2007 C-Series TangoTM with Humidifier 33.1 2007 S8 EscapeTM II 30.5 2005 S8 EscapeTM II with H4iTM Humidifier 31.1 2005 S9 AutoSetTM 26.5 2010 S9 AutoSetTM with H5i Humidifier 28.6 2010
  • RPT device used for treating sleep disordered breathing is the S9 Sleep Therapy System, manufactured by ResMed Limited.
  • RPT device is a ventilator.
  • Ventilators such as the ResMed StellarTM Series of Adult and Paediatric Ventilators may provide support for invasive and non-invasive non-dependent ventilation for a range of patients for treating a number of conditions such as but not limited to NMD, OHS and COPD.
  • the ResMed EloTM 150 ventilator and ResMed VS IIITM ventilator may provide support for invasive and non-invasive dependent ventilation suitable for adult or paediatric patients for treating a number of conditions. These ventilators provide volumetric and barometric ventilation modes with a single or double limb circuit.
  • RPT devices typically comprise a pressure generator, such as a motor-driven blower or a compressed gas reservoir, and are configured to supply a flow of air to the airway of a patient. In some cases, the flow of air may be supplied to the airway of the patient at positive pressure.
  • the outlet of the RPT device is connected via an air circuit to a patient interface such as those described above.
  • the designer of a device may be presented with an infinite number of choices to make. Design criteria often conflict, meaning that certain design choices are far from routine or inevitable. Furthermore, the comfort and efficacy of certain aspects may be highly sensitive to small, subtle changes in one or more parameters.
  • RPT devices comprise a blower configured to receive a flow of gases (e.g. air) and increase its pressure and/or velocity in order to generate a pressurised flow of gases.
  • a blower may comprise one or more impellers, such as centrifugal, axial and mixed flow impellers.
  • a blower for an RPT device typically operates to provide a flow of air at a flow rate of up to 200 L/min, such as between 20 and 150 L/min, or between 30 and 120 L/min.
  • the blower may provide the flow of air at a pressure of up to 50 cm H 2 O, such as between 2 and 40 cm H 2 O or 3 and 30 cm H 2 O.
  • a blower may comprise one or more impellers, such as one, two, three or four impellers.
  • a blower for an RPT device preferably operates effectively and quietly over a wide range of flow rates, including zero and reverse flows (i.e. wherein the air flows in a reverse direction to its intended operating direction).
  • flow rates including zero and reverse flows (i.e. wherein the air flows in a reverse direction to its intended operating direction).
  • the flow rate in the blower might change from approximately +70 to -30 l/min during the breath cycle.
  • the blower must remain quiet, such as to not disturb the user.
  • the flow rate might instead change from +150 to +50 l/min. This dynamic flow situation makes an RPT application quite different from, for example, an air conditioning application, or a jet engine, where operation is in a narrow zone around a particular design flow.
  • An impeller for an RPT device may rotate at speeds of up to 60,000 rpm, such as up to 50,000 rpm.
  • a large jet engine for example may rotate at 10,000 rpm, or a turbine in an automotive turbocharger may operate at speeds of up to 150,000 rpm.
  • the aerodynamic flow regime is very different from either of the above types, at least in part due to a relatively small diameter of impellers in an RPT device.
  • air flow in an automotive turbocharger can approach and/or exceed the speed of sound, thus creating transonic and/or supersonic flow (i.e. Mach numbers approaching or exceeding 1) and causing the air flow to behave as 'compressible flow'.
  • An exemplary impeller for an RPT device rotating at speeds up to 60,000 rpm with a diameter of 30 mm moves at a tip speed of up to 94 m/s, or Mach 0.27.
  • Such air flow can be substantially characterised as 'incompressible flow'.
  • blowers for RPT devices Desired characteristics include cost-effectiveness, quietness and efficiency. Impellers used in other fields may have different requirements altogether.
  • noise requirements for an impeller for an RPT device may differ by orders of magnitudes to impellers in other fields such as turbo-machinery.
  • RPT devices are often used in quiet bedrooms where the background noise level may be approximately 30 dB(A) (sound pressure level).
  • an automotive turbocharger may be installed in an engine bay of a motor vehicle, for which a noise level in the cabin may exceed 60 dB(A).
  • Turbo-machinery used in industrial settings may similarly have a very different noise requirement to that an RPT device.
  • a centrifugal impeller for an RPT device may also preferably comprise a low rotational inertia to readily allow acceleration and deceleration.
  • an impeller for an RPT device may need to provide different pressures according to a portion of a patient's respiratory cycle.
  • cost requirements for a component (e.g. an impeller) of an RPT device may be very different to that of an industrial, aeronautical or automotive impeller.
  • Prior art impellers even those used in RPT devices, may for example perform well to meet some of the desired characteristics, however not in others.
  • a centrifugal impeller comprising one or more disc-like shrouds and perpendicular blades may perform efficiently, and may be produced at a low-cost using injection moulding, as the impeller is in a 'line of draw'.
  • a manufacturing technique does not easily allow for an impeller blade to be inclined.
  • centrifugal impellers comprising an inclined blade and a disc-like shroud may provide an improved noise characteristic in some respects (e.g. by skewing pressure pulses, as will be described in further detail below).
  • Such a centrifugal impeller however may be difficult to produce with injection moulding process, an alternative process to which may subsequently increase costs.
  • a centrifugal impeller comprising inclined blades may be machined, for example from a metal billet.
  • a machining process may be significantly more costly in comparison to an injection moulding process.
  • it may result in an impeller with a higher than desired rotational inertia due to the higher density of the metal used (e.g. aluminium) in comparison to an injection moulded polymer (e.g. polycarbonate).
  • centrifugal impellers may comprise inclined blades that are unsupported. That is, these impellers may substantially not comprise a shroud. Thus, these centrifugal impellers may comprise inclined blades and may be produced using injection moulding. However, such an impeller may not be suitable for high-speed applications (e.g. rotation at 50,000 rpm) due to a low rigidity of the impeller, particularly in the rotational direction.
  • a blower and/or an impeller for an RPT device may comprise a unique set of requirements and/or constraints to its designer(s).
  • US 2014/227091 A1 relates to a blower that includes an electric motor case, a housing having a housing inlet and a housing outlet between which is defined a flow path for gas, a first impeller adapted to accelerate gas tangentially and to direct it radially outward, and a stationary portion.
  • the present technology may be directed towards providing a blower for producing a flow of fluids, such as breathable gases.
  • the present technology may be directed towards an impeller for a blower, having one or more of improved cost, performance, and manufacturability. More specifically, the blower may be directed towards use in a respiratory therapy device.
  • Some forms of the present technology are directed towards providing medical devices used in the diagnosis, amelioration, treatment, or prevention of respiratory disorders having one or more of improved comfort, cost, efficacy, ease of use and manufacturability.
  • a first aspect of the present technology relates to apparatus used in the diagnosis, amelioration, treatment or prevention of a respiratory disorder.
  • Another aspect of the present technology relates to methods used in the diagnosis, amelioration, treatment or prevention of a respiratory disorder.
  • An aspect of certain forms of the present technology is to provide methods and/or apparatus that improve the compliance of patients with respiratory therapy.
  • One form of the present technology comprises impeller for use in a centrifugal blower, the impeller comprising: a hub defining an axis of rotation for the impeller; a plurality of inclined blades, the plurality of inclined blades extending away from the hub; and a plurality of reverse inclined blades, the plurality of reverse inclined blades extending away from the hub, wherein each of the plurality of inclined blades are joined to an adjacent inclined blade at least in part by a reverse inclined blade.
  • each of the plurality of inclined blades forms a substantially V-shaped cross-section with the adjacent reverse inclined blade;
  • the plurality of inclined blades and the plurality of reverse inclined blades are connected together in a continuous manner at a circumference of the impeller that is radially outward from the hub;
  • the impeller further comprises a plurality of flat sectors that that are each substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation, wherein a portion of the sectors are at the circumference;
  • the flow path extends to the outer perimeter;
  • the plurality of inclined blades and the plurality of reverse inclined blades are formed without an undercut;
  • the impeller is formed by injection moulding with all features of the impeller being formed along a line of draw of the injection moulding;
  • the line of draw is substantially parallel to the axis of rotation;
  • the plurality of inclined blades are inclined at a positive angle with the axis of rotation, the positive angle being neither parallel nor perpendicular; the plurality
  • One form of the present technology comprises an impeller for generating a supply of air at positive pressure for the amelioration or treatment of a respiratory disorder, the impeller comprising: a hub defining an axis of rotation for the impeller; a plurality of inclined blades each including a rotationally rearward edge, the plurality of inclined blades being attached to the hub; and a plurality of reverse inclined blades each including a rotationally forward edge, the plurality of reverse inclined blades being attached to the hub, wherein the plurality of inclined blades and the plurality of reverse inclined blades form a plurality of pairs of blades with the rotationally rearward edge and the rotationally forward edge connected together in a continuous manner.
  • the rotationally rearward edge and the rotationally forward edge are connected together to form a substantially V-shaped cross-section;
  • the plurality of inclined blades each include a second rotationally forward edge, the plurality of reverse inclined blades each include a second rotationally rearward edge, and each of the second rotationally forward edges is connected to one of the second rotationally rearward edges in a continuous manner;
  • each of the second rotationally forward edges is connected to one of the second rotationally rearward edges by a flat sector that is substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation;
  • each of the plurality of inclined blades and each of the plurality of reverse inclined blades provide a flow path in a direction from the hub towards an outer perimeter of the impeller;
  • the flow path extends to the outer perimeter;
  • the plurality of inclined blades and the plurality of reverse inclined blades are formed without an undercut;
  • the impeller is formed by injection moulding with all features of the impeller being formed along a line of draw of the injection
  • An aspect of one form of the present technology is a method of manufacturing the apparatus described above.
  • An aspect of certain forms of the present technology is a medical device that is easy to use, e.g. by a person who does not have medical training, by a person who has limited dexterity or by a person with limited experience in using this type of medical device.
  • An aspect of one form of the present technology is a portable RPT device that may be carried by a person, e.g., around the home of the person.
  • portions of the aspects may form sub-aspects of the present technology.
  • various ones of the sub-aspects and/or aspects may be combined in various manners and also constitute additional aspects or sub-aspects of the present technology.
  • the present technology comprises a method for treating a respiratory disorder comprising the step of applying positive pressure to the entrance of the airways of a patient 1000.
  • a supply of air at positive pressure is provided to the nasal passages of the patient via one or both nares.
  • the present technology comprises an apparatus or device for treating a respiratory disorder.
  • the apparatus or device may comprise an RPT device 4000 for supplying pressurised air to the patient 1000 via an air circuit 4170 to a patient interface 3000.
  • a non-invasive patient interface 3000 in accordance with one aspect of the present technology comprises the following functional aspects: a seal-forming structure 3100, a plenum chamber 3200, a positioning and stabilising structure 3300, a vent 3400, one form of connection port 3600 for connection to air circuit 4170, and a forehead support 3700.
  • a functional aspect may be provided by one or more physical components.
  • one physical component may provide one or more functional aspects.
  • the seal-forming structure 3100 is arranged to surround an entrance to the airways of the patient so as to facilitate the supply of air at positive pressure to the airways.
  • An RPT device 4000 in accordance with one aspect of the present technology comprises mechanical and pneumatic components 4100, electrical components 4200 and is configured to execute one or more algorithms.
  • the RPT device may have an external housing 4010, formed in two parts, an upper portion 4012 and a lower portion 4014. Furthermore, the external housing 4010 may include one or more panel(s) 4015.
  • the RPT device 4000 comprises a chassis 4016 that supports one or more internal components of the RPT device 4000.
  • the RPT device 4000 may include a handle 4018.
  • the pneumatic path of the RPT device 4000 may comprise one or more air path items, e.g., an inlet air filter 4112, an inlet muffler 4122, a pressure generator 4140 capable of supplying air at positive pressure (e.g., a blower 4142), an outlet muffler 4124 and one or more transducers 4270, such as pressure sensors 4272 and flow rate sensors 4274.
  • air path items e.g., an inlet air filter 4112, an inlet muffler 4122, a pressure generator 4140 capable of supplying air at positive pressure (e.g., a blower 4142), an outlet muffler 4124 and one or more transducers 4270, such as pressure sensors 4272 and flow rate sensors 4274.
  • One or more of the air path items may be located within a removable unitary structure which will be referred to as a pneumatic block 4020.
  • the pneumatic block 4020 may be located within the external housing 4010. In one form a pneumatic block 4020 is supported by, or formed as part of the chassis 4016.
  • the RPT device 4000 may have an electrical power supply 4210, one or more input devices 4220, a central controller 4230, a therapy device controller 4240, a pressure generator 4140, one or more protection circuits 4250, memory 4260, transducers 4270, data communication interface 4280 and one or more output devices 4290. Electrical components 4200 may be mounted on a single Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) 4202. In an alternative form, the RPT device 4000 may include more than one PCBA 4202.
  • PCBA Printed Circuit Board Assembly
  • An RPT device may comprise one or more of the following components in an integral unit. In an alternative form, one or more of the following components may be located as respective separate units.
  • a pressure generator 4140 for producing a flow, or a supply, of air at positive pressure is a controllable blower 4142.
  • the blower 4142 may include a brushless DC motor 4144 with one or more impellers, for example housed in a casing.
  • the casing may comprise an air inlet and an air outlet.
  • One example of such a casing may be a volute.
  • the blower may be capable of delivering a supply of air, for example at a rate of up to about 120 litres/minute, at a positive pressure in a range from about 4 cmH 2 O to about 20 cmH 2 O, or in other forms up to about 30 cmH 2 O.
  • blowers may include those described in any one of the following patents or patent applications: U.S. Patent No. 7,866,944 ; U.S. Patent No. 8,638,014 ; U.S. Patent No. 8,636,479 ; and PCT Patent Application Publication No. WO 2013/020167 .
  • the impeller 6000 may be configured for use in a centrifugal blower.
  • a 'top' side of an impeller may be defined as the side of the impeller comprising an air inlet (i.e. upstream side), and correspondingly the 'bottom' side would be the opposing side.
  • the impeller 6000 includes a hub 6002 with a hole 6004 that defines an axis of rotation for the impeller 6000.
  • the hole 6004 may accept a shaft that rotatably supports the impeller 6000 although the impeller 6000 could be supported by any means that allows rotation.
  • the impeller 6000 includes a plurality of inclined blades 6006 and a plurality of reverse inclined blades 6008 extending in a direction radially outward from the hub 6002.
  • 'inclined blades' will be used to describe impeller blades with a bottom edge that is orientated further backward (e.g., rotationally rearward) in the preferred direction of rotation 6034 in comparison to the top edge (e.g., rotationally forward).
  • impeller blades with a bottom edge that is oriented further forward (e.g., rotationally forward) in the preferred direction of rotation 6034 in comparison to the top edge (e.g., rotationally rearward) will be described as 'reverse inclined blades'. Only one feature common to all of the inclined blades 6006 and reverse inclined blades 6008 is labelled per figure to improve the clarity of the figures.
  • a blade may comprise one continuous surface or a portion, such as shown in Fig. 6A . It is noted, however, that in some arrangements of the present technology, a blade may comprise a plurality of discontinuous surfaces or portions, such as two inclined portions, both of which may comprise a bottom edge that is oriented further backward in the intended direction of rotation in comparison to the top edge, such as a first portion inclined at 40 degrees and a second portion inclined at 60 degrees. Thus at least a portion of an aerodynamic surface of an inclined blade 6006 or a reverse inclined blade 6008 is neither parallel nor perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the impeller.
  • a blade may comprise a curved surface, or a flat surface on the topmost side of the blade.
  • a curved surface may comprise a curvature, or twist, about an axis oriented substantially in a radial direction of the impeller.
  • a flat surface may assume a shape of a flat plane.
  • an impeller 6000 comprising a plurality of inclined blades 6006 extending outward from the hub 6002.
  • Each of the plurality of inclined blades 6006 may be joined to an adjacent inclined blade 6006 at least in part by a reverse inclined blade 6008.
  • an inclined blade 6006 may be joined to an adjacent inclined blade 6006 by a reverse inclined blade 6008 and by a sector 6016.
  • an inclined blade 6006 may be joined to an adjacent inclined blade 6006 by a reverse inclined blade 6008.
  • an impeller 6000 according one aspect of the present technology may comprise a plurality of inclined blades 6006 while the impeller 6000 remains in a line of draw.
  • an impeller 6000 according to the present technology may be produced by injection moulding thereby lowering a cost of manufacture.
  • Inclined blades 6006 and reverse inclined blades 6008 are indicated in Figs. 6A , 6C , 6H and 6J , wherein a preferred direction of rotation 6034 of the impellers is an anti-clockwise direction as shown in the aforementioned figures. Unless stated otherwise, a 'pair' of blades herewithin will be understood to comprise an inclined blade 6006 and a complementary, adjacent, reverse inclined blade 6008.
  • Figs. 6A-6G Although eleven of the inclined blades 6006 and eleven of the reverse inclined blades 6008 (e.g., eleven pairs of blades) are illustrated in Figs. 6A-6G , one of ordinary skill would appreciate that the number may be varied based upon design factors such as size, operating speeds of the impeller, air velocities and flow rates through the impeller 6000 and pressures generated by the impeller 6000.
  • Figs. 6H-6N illustrate a configuration with seven inclined blades 6006 and seven reverse inclined blades 6008 (e.g. seven pairs of blades).
  • the impeller 6000 may comprise an odd number of pairs of blades. In some forms, the impeller may comprise a prime number of pairs of blades. The choice of an odd (or a prime) number of pairs of blades may advantageously discourage interaction between periodic vibrations (e.g. noise and/or mechanical vibrations) related to blades and periodic vibrations of other blower/motor components.
  • periodic vibrations e.g. noise and/or mechanical vibrations
  • the blower may be structured to provide pressurized air up to 45-50 cmH 2 O, e.g., in the range of 2-50 cmH 2 O, e.g., 3-45 cmH 2 O, 3-30 cmH 2 O, 3-20 cmH 2 O.
  • the impeller may for example spin at up to 60,000 rpm, such as at up to 50,000 rpm, or 40,000 rpm.
  • the impeller may comprise a diameter of approximately 20 to 50 mm, such as 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm or 50 mm or any value in between. It will of course be understood that size and speed of an impeller may be varied. For example, an impeller spinning at 40,000 rpm with a diameter of 30 mm may produce a pressure output comparable to an impeller spinning at 30,000 rpm with a diameter of 40 mm.
  • the inclined blades 6006 are illustrated as directly connected to the hub 6002 (i.e. to extend from the hub 6002) whereas the reverse inclined blades 6008 are illustrated as connected to the hub by way of the inclined blades 6006.
  • this configuration could be reversed such that the reverse inclined blades 6008 are directly connected to the hub 6002 with the inclined blades 6006 being connected to the hub 6002 by way of the reverse inclined blades 6008.
  • both the inclined blades 6006 and the reverse inclined blades 6008 may be directly connected to the hub 6002.
  • an intervening structure may connect one or both of the inclined blades 6006 and the reverse inclined blades 6008 to the hub 6002.
  • an impeller may comprise a shroud that extends radially from the hub, and inclined blades and/or reverse inclined blades that are connected to the shroud.
  • Each blade includes a leading edge and a trailing edge.
  • leading edge is used to describe the most upstream edge of an aerofoil for the air flow.
  • 'trailing edge' is used to describe the most downstream edge of an aerofoil for the air flow.
  • the impeller 6000 is used as a centrifugal blower 4142 as shown in Fig. 8A-8D , comprising an inlet 8000 located towards a centre of the impeller.
  • Figs. 9A-9G show images from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling/simulations of an exemplary blower comprising two impellers.
  • the blower is modelled comprising two impellers each rotating at 25,000 rpm.
  • CFD computational fluid dynamics
  • the CFD model is illustrated to indicate the air flow behaviour generally for blowers according to the present technology. It will also be understood that the particular flow characteristics may vary, for example according to geometry or boundary conditions applied.
  • Fig. 9A shows an impeller 6000 from the CFD model from which cross sections were taken at which velocity vector profiles were generated in subsequent figures.
  • Figs. 9B-9I indicate a direction of the airflow at the origin of the arrow, as well as a magnitude of the air velocity. Reference numbers are omitted from these figures for clarity.
  • Fig. 9B shows a plot of air velocity vectors in a rotating reference frame, wherein the reference frame is rotating with the impeller (which is rotating). That is, the air velocity vectors indicated show air velocity relative to the impeller. Air velocity vectors plotted in this manner (in a rotating reference frame) will be referred to as relative vectors.
  • Fig. 9C shows a plot of air velocity vectors in a stationary reference frame. That is, the air velocity vectors indicated show air velocity relative to a stationary reference. Air velocity vectors plotted in this manner (in a stationary reference frame) will be referred to as absolute vectors.
  • the impeller shown in Figs. 9B and 9C are rotating in an anti-clockwise direction.
  • the velocity vectors in Figs. 9B and 9C show the air flow to travel from the inlet 8000 primarily in an axial direction prior to entering the impeller 6000.
  • Figs. 9D and 9E plot relative velocity vectors on a radially extending cross-sectional plane, which show that the air flow travels on either side of each blade.
  • the impeller in Figs. 9D and 9E is rotating in an anti-clockwise direction.
  • Fig. 9D illustrates the impeller in opaque
  • Fig. 9E illustrates the impeller to be semi-transparent, such that Fig. 9E shows the air flow in the primary air passage (described in further detail below).
  • each inclined blade 6006 comprises a leading edge 6036a and a trailing edge 6038a
  • each reverse inclined blade 6008 comprises a leading edge 6036b and a trailing edge 6038b
  • Each inclined blade 6006 comprises a rotationally forward edge 6010a and a rotationally rearward edge 6012a
  • Each reverse inclined blade 6008 includes a rotationally forward edge 6010b and a rotationally rearward edge 6012b. In the illustrated configurations, a portion of the rotationally forward edge 6010a is coincident with the leading edge 6036a.
  • edge refers to a functional boundary, which may or may not also form a physical boundary.
  • the rotationally forward edge 6010a forms a physical boundary near the hub 6002 because the rotationally forward edge 6010a is not continuously connected to another structure in a circumferential direction.
  • the rotationally forward edge 6010a is continuously connected to another structure in a circumferential direction near the outer perimeter 6014 (or periphery) of the impeller 6000.
  • the plurality of inclined blades 6006 and the plurality of reverse inclined blades 6008 form a plurality of pairs of blades.
  • Each of the top and bottom of each inclined blade 6006 and reverse inclined blade 6008 may converge towards an adjacent edge of an adjacent blade.
  • Each pair of inclined blade 6006 and reverse inclined blade 6008 thus forms a structure that is substantially V-shaped when viewed from a radially outward end of the pair.
  • the inclined blade may not be connected to a corresponding reverse inclined blade, forming an opening 6028 as further described elsewhere in the present document.
  • the inclined blades 6006 form a negative angle with respect to the axis of rotation and the reverse inclined blades 6008 form a positive angle with respect to the axis of rotation; however, this should not be considered limiting and instead should be understood to only describe the relative relationships of the inclined blades 6006 and reverse inclined blades 6008.
  • the positive angle and the negative angle may have the same absolute value.
  • the absolute value of the angles may be different.
  • the impeller illustrated in the present figures is intended to rotate in a first direction but it will be appreciated that an impeller can be designed to rotate in the opposite direction and to do so the angles of the inclined blades 6006 and reverse inclined blades 6008 may be reversed.
  • the angle formed by the inclined blades 6006 with respect to the axis of rotation may be constant along the entire radial length of the plurality of inclined blades 6006.
  • the angle formed by the reverse inclined blades 6008 with respect to the axis of rotation may be constant along the entire radial length of the plurality of reverse inclined blades 6008.
  • one or both angles can vary along the lengths of the inclined blades 6006 and reverse inclined blades 6008.
  • one or more of the angle of the inclined blades 6006 and the angle of the reverse inclined blades 6008 (with respect to the axis of rotation) may be configured to increase as the radius increases.
  • the inclined blades may be angled with respect to the axis of rotation between 10 and 80 degrees.
  • the reverse inclined blades may be angled with respect to the axis of rotation between -10 and -80 degrees.
  • Each pair of inclined blade 6006 and reverse inclined blade 6008 may be connected to the two adjacent pairs of inclined blade 6006 and reverse inclined blade 6008 by a sector 6016 that is substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation. As illustrated, the sector 6016 extends from at or near the outer perimeter 6014 towards the axis of rotation and terminates at an intermediate circumferential portion 6018. Although the sectors 6016 are illustrated as substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation, other orientations may be utilized as well as may be dictated by the aerodynamic performance requirements of the impeller 6000.
  • the sectors 6016 could be inclined in a manner such that the sectors 6016 together form a conical shape (e.g., with the portions of the sectors 6016 at the outer perimeter 6014 being circumferentially aligned and the inner portions of the sectors 6016 at the intermediate circumferential portion 6018 being circumferentially aligned but axially offset from the outer perimeter 6014).
  • the sectors 6016 could be inclined or reverse inclined similar to but at a different angle from the inclined blade 6006 or reverse inclined blade 6008.
  • the sectors 6016 are illustrated between the top side of inclined blades 6006 and the top side of the adjacent reverse inclined blades 6008 in Figs. 6A-6G , the sectors 6016 may also be provided between the bottom side of inclined blades 6006 and the top bottom of the adjacent reverse inclined blades 6008 as illustrated in Figs. 6H-6N .
  • the sectors 6016 may be included or omitted if the aerodynamic performance of the impeller 6000 in a given application so dictates.
  • the sectors 6016 illustrated in Figs. 6H-6N may be reduced in size and/or the inclined blades 6006 and reverse inclined blades 6008 may be oriented to eliminate the sectors 6016 altogether.
  • impellers periodic pressure pulses may be generated due to a periodic passage of each blade.
  • its blades comprise trailing edges configured in parallel to its adjacent casing
  • passage of a blade against a portion of the casing may produce a short, discrete pressure pulse event.
  • the pressure pulse(s) may be perceived as noise, which may increase a risk of the patient not adopting the use of the device.
  • inclination of the trailing edge 6012a of the inclined blades 6006 and/or the trailing edge 6012b of the reverse inclined blades 6008 may skew pressure pulses coming off of tips of the plurality of inclined blades thereby reducing noise.
  • the skewed pressure pulse may reduce the synchronicity of pressure fluctuations that are created by passage of each portion of the blade.
  • a first flow path 6020 (e.g., a primary air passage) on a first face 6022 of the impeller 6000 that extends in a direction from the hub 6002 to the outer perimeter 6014.
  • the first flow path 6020 may extend from the hub 6002 to the outer perimeter 6014.
  • Fig. 9F shows an exemplary plot of relative air velocity vectors through a cross section that includes a first flow path 6020, showing the impeller in wireframe.
  • a second flow path 6024 (e.g., a secondary air passage) on a second face 6026 of the impeller 6000 extends in a direction from the hub 6002 towards the outer perimeter 6014.
  • the second flow path 6024 is illustrated as extending only from the intermediate circumferential portion 6018 to the outer perimeter 6014 (see, e.g., Figs. 6A to 6G ) but the second flow path 6024 may extend from the hub 6002 to the outer perimeter 6014 if, for example, the intermediate circumferential portion is omitted (see, e.g., Figs. 6H to 6N ) or if an aperture is provided through the intermediate circumferential portion 6018.
  • Fig. 9G shows an exemplary plot of relative air velocity vectors through a cross section that includes a second flow path 6024, showing the impeller in wireframe.
  • the impeller 6000 may include one or more openings 6028 that allow air to flow from the second face 6026, into the first flow path 6020 and radially outward.
  • the openings 6028 may be provided between the inclined blades 6006 or the reverse inclined blades 6008 and the hub 6002.
  • the figures illustrate an opening 6028 that extends between the reverse inclined blades 6008 and the hub 6002, appearing as though a portion of the reverse inclined blades 6008 have been omitted, in comparison to the reverse inclined blades 6008 extending to the hub 6002.
  • the reverse inclined blades are illustrated as not extending to the hub 6002. It will be appreciated that if a portion of the inclined blades 6006 is omitted, the inclined blades 6006 may not extend to the hub 6002.
  • an aperture may be provided through one or both of the inclined blades 6006 and reverse inclined blades 6008.
  • a radius of the opening(s) 6028 may be substantially identical to a radius of an inlet 8000 of the blower, such as located in the inlet cover.
  • a radial length of a reverse inclined blade may be approximately 60% of that of an inclined blade, such as 50%, or 70%. However, such a value may vary according to a size of the blower and/or impeller.
  • the impeller 6000 may comprise one or more aerodynamic features, such as on one or more of: a surface of an impeller, a leading edge of a blade and a trailing edge of a blade.
  • aerodynamic features include serrations to, for example, reduce a blade pass pulse or bumps to encourage flow attachment.
  • FIG. 6A to 6G A difference between Figs. 6A to 6G versus Figs. 6H to 6N is that the first group of figures includes serrations 6030 at the trailing edges of both the inclined blades 6006 and at tips of the reverse inclined blades 6008. Serrations 6032 are also provided on the leading edge 6010a.
  • one or both of the serrations 6030, 6032 may be provided with the impellers 6000 illustrated in Figs. 6H to 6N . Similarly, the one or both of the serrations 6030, 6032 may be omitted from the impeller 6000 illustrated in Figs. 6A to 6G . Similar serrations may be applied to a leading edge or a trailing edge of either of the inclined blades 6006 or reverse inclined blades 6008.
  • FIGs. 7A and 7B illustrate a simplified cross-section of a mould 7000 to manufacture the impeller 6000 using injection moulding.
  • the mould halves 7002, 7004 may form all of the features of the impeller 6000 without any insert because there is no undercut.
  • all of the surface features of the impeller 6000 can be formed on one of the mould halves 7002, 7004.
  • the line of draw 7006 (or direction that the mould halves 7002, 7004 engage and separate) may be substantially parallel to the axis of rotation defined by the hub 6002. This arrangement may be beneficial in that manufacturing costs can be reduced, from reduced tooling costs and/or cycle time.
  • an inclined arrangement of blades as disclosed herein may allow aforementioned aerodynamic features to be more easily moulded in the line of draw.
  • the impeller 6000 may for example comprise serrations in the inclined blade 6006 and/or the reverse inclined blade 6008 as well as being suitable for manufacture by injection moulding.
  • Figs. 8A to 8D illustrate the impeller 6000 installed in a blower 4142.
  • the blower illustrated in the drawings is an axially arranged blower.
  • Another example of an axially arranged blower is shown in US Patent No. 7,866,944 .
  • the impeller 6000 may also be used in other types of blowers such as scroll-type blowers with a radial volute, an example of which is shown in US Patent No. 8,393,320 .
  • An impeller 6000 comprising a set of inclined blades and reverse inclined blades may also advantageously reduce noise when used in a radial volute. For example, a skewed pressure pulse produced by an inclined blade may reduce a noise produced at a tongue (or cut-off).
  • Fig. 8A illustrates an end view of the blower 4142 taken from an end with an inlet 8000 and serves as the basis for the cross-section of Fig. 8B .
  • the blower 4142 includes the inlet 8000, an outlet 8002, a first impeller 6000a and a second impeller 6000b.
  • the inlet 8000 is defined by an inlet cover 8004 covering the first impeller 6000a.
  • the inlet cover 8004 forms a part of a cylindrical casing of the blower that defines the exterior boundary of the air path.
  • the outlet 8002 is formed by an outlet cover 8006, which includes stator vanes 8008 on an interior portion of the outlet cover.
  • a shield 8010 (best viewed in Figs. 8C and 8D ) is disposed between the outlet cover 8006 and the second impeller 6000b.
  • the shield 8010 includes another set of stator vanes 8012 that face the stator vanes 8008. These two sets of stator vanes may be nested within one another.
  • the second impeller 6000b is disposed between the shield 8010 and a lower housing cover 8014, which includes another set of stator vanes 8022 (see Fig. 8C ).
  • the outlet cover 8006, shield 8010 and lower housing cover 8014 also partly define the air path.
  • the impellers 6000a, 6000b may be disposed on opposite ends of the motor 4144, which is not illustrated in Figs. 8A to 8D for clarity. Instead, a motor cavity 8028 is illustrated in a motor housing 8016.
  • the motor housing includes a further set of stator vanes 8018, which are disposed along an axial length of the motor housing 8016 (see Fig. 8B ) and on an end face 8020 of the motor housing 8016 (see Fig. 9D ).
  • the stator vanes 8018 on the end face 8020 may be nested within the stator vanes 8022 on the lower housing cover 8014.
  • the sets of stator vanes described above provide a flow path from the first impeller 6000a to the second impeller 6000b and through the outlet 8002.
  • a blower 4142 may comprise a different number and/or configuration of impellers than those shown herewithin.
  • a blower 4142 may comprise one, two, three, four or more impellers.
  • the impellers in the blower may be disposed on a first side or the second side of the motor 4144. None, some or all of impellers may be disposed on a first side of the motor 4144, with the rest being disposed on a second side of the motor 4144.
  • the blower 4142 also includes an end bell 8024 around the motor housing 8016 and connected to the lower housing cover 8014 and the inlet cover 8004.
  • the end bell 8024 may support a top bearing (not illustrated) near the first impeller 6000a.
  • An acoustic cover 8026 which may be omitted, is disposed between the end bell 8024 and the first impeller 6000a.
  • the acoustic cover 8026 may cover any surface imperfections (e.g. from heat staking) that may cause noise.
  • the pressure generator 4140 is under the control of the therapy device controller 4240.
  • a pressure generator 4140 may be a piston-driven pump, a pressure regulator connected to a high pressure source (e.g. compressed air reservoir), or a bellows.
  • An air circuit 4170 in accordance with an aspect of the present technology is a conduit or a tube constructed and arranged in use to allow a flow of air to travel between two components such as the pneumatic block 4020 and the patient interface 3000.
  • the air circuit 4170 may be in fluid connection with the outlet of the pneumatic block and the patient interface.
  • the air circuit may be referred to as an air delivery tube.
  • the air circuit 4170 may comprise one or more heating elements configured to heat air in the air circuit, for example to maintain or raise the temperature of the air.
  • the heating element may be in a form of a heated wire circuit, and may comprise one or more transducers, such as temperature sensors.
  • the heated wire circuit may be helically wound around the axis of the air circuit 4170.
  • the heating element may be in communication with a controller such as a central controller 4230.
  • a controller such as a central controller 4230.
  • a humidifier 5000 (e.g. as shown in Fig. 4A ) to change the absolute humidity of air or gas for delivery to a patient relative to ambient air.
  • the humidifier 5000 is used to increase the absolute humidity and increase the temperature of the flow of air (relative to ambient air) before delivery to the patient's airways.
  • the humidifier 5000 may comprise a humidifier reservoir 5110, a humidifier inlet 5002 to receive a flow of air, and a humidifier outlet 5004 to deliver a humidified flow of air.
  • an inlet and an outlet of the humidifier reservoir 5110 may be the humidifier inlet 5002 and the humidifier outlet 5004 respectively.
  • the humidifier 5000 may further comprise a humidifier base 5006, which may be adapted to receive the humidifier reservoir 5110 and comprise a heating element 5240.
  • Fig. 5 shows a breath waveform as discussed in detail below.
  • This waveform may provide exemplary flow characteristics for determining design parameters for the present technology.
  • an impeller 6000 may be designed to respond to aspects of this waveform, which in turn may provide performance targets and/or guidelines.
  • Fig. 5 shows a model typical breath waveform of a person while sleeping.
  • the horizontal axis is time, and the vertical axis is respiratory flow rate.
  • a typical breath may have the following approximate values: tidal volume, Vt, 0.5L, inhalation time, Ti, 1.6s, peak inspiratory flow rate, Qpeak, 0.4 L/s, exhalation time, Te, 2.4s, peak expiratory flow rate, Qpeak, -0.5 L/s.
  • the total duration of the breath, Ttot is about 4s.
  • the person typically breathes at a rate of about 15 breaths per minute (BPM), with Ventilation, Vent, about 7.5 L/minute.
  • BPM breaths per minute
  • a typical duty cycle the ratio of Ti to Ttot is about 40%.
  • Air In certain forms of the present technology, air may be taken to mean atmospheric air, and in other forms of the present technology air may be taken to mean some other combination of breathable gases, e.g. atmospheric air enriched with oxygen.
  • ambient In certain forms of the present technology, the term ambient will be taken to mean (i) external of the treatment system or patient, and (ii) immediately surrounding the treatment system or patient.
  • ambient humidity with respect to a humidifier may be the humidity of air immediately surrounding the humidifier, e.g. the humidity in the room where a patient is sleeping. Such ambient humidity may be different to the humidity outside the room where a patient is sleeping.
  • ambient pressure may be the pressure immediately surrounding or external to the body.
  • ambient noise may be considered to be the background noise level in the room where a patient is located, other than for example, noise generated by an RPT device or emanating from a mask or patient interface.
  • Ambient noise may be generated by sources outside the room.
  • Respiratory Pressure Therapy The application of a supply of air to an entrance to the airways at a treatment pressure that is typically positive with respect to atmosphere.
  • Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy Respiratory pressure therapy in which the treatment pressure is approximately constant through a respiratory cycle of a patient.
  • the pressure at the entrance to the airways will be slightly higher during exhalation, and slightly lower during inhalation.
  • the pressure will vary between different respiratory cycles of the patient, for example, being increased in response to detection of indications of partial upper airway obstruction, and decreased in the absence of indications of partial upper airway obstruction.
  • Patient A person, whether or not they are suffering from a respiratory disease.
  • APAP therapy in which the treatment pressure is automatically adjustable, e.g. from breath to breath, between minimum and maximum limits, depending on the presence or absence of indications of SDB events.
  • Flow rate The instantaneous volume (or mass) of air delivered per unit time. While flow rate and ventilation have the same dimensions of volume or mass per unit time, flow rate is measured over a much shorter period of time.
  • a reference to flow rate will be a reference to a scalar quantity, namely a quantity having magnitude only. In other cases, a reference to flow rate will be a reference to a vector quantity, namely a quantity having both magnitude and direction. Where it is referred to as a signed quantity, a flow rate may be nominally positive for the inspiratory portion of a breathing cycle of a patient, and hence negative for the expiratory portion of the breathing cycle of a patient. Flow rate will be given the symbol Q.
  • Total flow rate, Qt is the flow rate of air leaving the RPT device.
  • Vent flow rate, Qv is the flow rate of air leaving a vent to allow washout of exhaled gases.
  • Leak flow rate, Ql is the flow rate of leak from a patient interface system.
  • Respiratory flow rate, Qr is the flow rate of air that is received into the patient's respiratory system.
  • Leak The word leak will be taken to be an unintended flow of air. In one example, leak may occur as the result of an incomplete seal between a mask and a patient's face. In another example leak may occur in a swivel elbow to the ambient.
  • Pressure Force per unit area. Pressure may be measured in a range of units, including cmH 2 O, g-f/cm 2 , hectopascal. 1 cmH 2 O is equal to 1 g-f/cm 2 and is approximately 0.98 hectopascal. In this specification, unless otherwise stated, pressure is given in units of cmH 2 O.
  • the pressure in the patient interface is given the symbol Pm, while the treatment pressure, which represents a target value to be achieved by the mask pressure Pm at the current instant of time, is given the symbol Pt.
  • Sound Power The energy per unit time carried by a sound wave.
  • the sound power is proportional to the square of sound pressure multiplied by the area of the wavefront. Sound power is usually given in decibels SWL, that is, decibels relative to a reference power, normally taken as 10 -12 watt.
  • Sound Pressure The local deviation from ambient pressure at a given time instant as a result of a sound wave travelling through a medium. Sound pressure is usually given in decibels SPL, that is, decibels relative to a reference pressure, normally taken as 20 ⁇ 10 -6 Pascal (Pa), considered the threshold of human hearing.
  • Silicone or Silicone Elastomer A synthetic rubber.
  • a reference to silicone is a reference to liquid silicone rubber (LSR) or a compression moulded silicone rubber (CMSR).
  • LSR liquid silicone rubber
  • CMSR compression moulded silicone rubber
  • SILASTIC included in the range of products sold under this trademark
  • Another manufacturer of LSR is Wacker.
  • an exemplary form of LSR has a Shore A (or Type A) indentation hardness in the range of about 35 to about 45 as measured using ASTM D2240.
  • Polycarbonate a typically transparent thermoplastic polymer of Bisphenol-A Carbonate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Dispositif de thérapie respiratoire par pression (4000) pour la génération d'une alimentation en air à une pression positive pour l'amélioration ou le traitement d'un trouble respiratoire, le dispositif de thérapie respiratoire par pression comprenant :
    une sortie de dispositif (8002) configurée pour se raccorder à un circuit à air (4170) pour fournir l'alimentation en air à un patient via une interface patient (3000) ;
    un dispositif de commande (4230, 4240) configuré pour commander le dispositif de thérapie respiratoire pour fournir des débits et des pressions adaptés pour la thérapie respiratoire ; et
    un générateur de pression (4140) comportant une turbine (6000), un logement pour la turbine qui comporte une entrée et une sortie (8004, 8006, 8014, 8024), et un moteur électrique configuré pour faire tourner la turbine pour générer la pression positive,
    dans lequel
    la turbine comprend
    un moyeu (6002) définissant un axe de rotation pour la turbine ;
    une pluralité d'aubes inclinées (6006), la pluralité d'aubes inclinées s'étendant à l'opposé du moyeu ; et
    une pluralité d'aubes inclinées en sens inverse (6008), la pluralité d'aubes inclinées en sens inverse s'étendant à l'opposé du moyeu,
    dans lequel chacune de la pluralité d'aubes inclinées est jointe à une aube inclinée adjacente au moins en partie par une aube inclinée en sens inverse.
  2. Dispositif de thérapie respiratoire par pression (4000) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel chacune de la pluralité d'aubes inclinées (6006) forme une section transversale sensiblement en forme de V avec l'aube inclinée en sens inverse adjacente (6008).
  3. Dispositif de thérapie respiratoire par pression (4000) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel la pluralité d'aubes inclinées (6006) et la pluralité d'aubes inclinées en sens inverse (6008) sont reliées ensemble d'une manière continue au niveau d'une circonférence de la turbine qui est radialement à l'extérieur du moyeu (6002).
  4. Dispositif de thérapie respiratoire par pression (4000) selon la revendication 3, comprenant en outre une pluralité de secteurs plats qui sont chacun sensiblement perpendiculaires à l'axe de rotation, dans lequel une portion des secteurs est au niveau de la circonférence.
  5. Dispositif de thérapie respiratoire par pression (4000) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel la pluralité d'aubes inclinées (6006) et la pluralité d'aubes inclinées en sens inverse (6008) sont formées sans une contre-dépouille.
  6. Dispositif de thérapie respiratoire par pression (4000) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel :
    la pluralité d'aubes inclinées (6006) est inclinée à un angle positif avec l'axe de rotation, l'angle positif n'étant ni parallèle ni perpendiculaire ;
    la pluralité d'aubes inclinées en sens inverse (6008) est inclinée à un angle négatif avec l'axe de rotation ; et
    l'angle positif et l'angle négatif présentent la même valeur absolue.
  7. Dispositif de thérapie respiratoire par pression (4000) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel la pluralité d'aubes inclinées (6006) est inclinée à un premier angle constant le long de la longueur radiale entière de la pluralité d'aubes inclinées, et la pluralité d'aubes inclinées en sens inverse (6008) est inclinée à un second angle constant le long de la longueur radiale entière de la pluralité d'aubes inclinées en sens inverse.
  8. Dispositif de thérapie respiratoire par pression (4000) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel la pluralité d'aubes inclinées (6006) est inclinée à un premier angle qui varie le long d'une longueur radiale de la pluralité d'aubes inclinées, et la pluralité d'aubes inclinées en sens inverse (6008) est inclinée à un second angle qui varie le long d'une longueur radiale de la pluralité d'aubes inclinées en sens inverse.
  9. Dispositif de thérapie respiratoire par pression (4000) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel des bouts de la pluralité d'aubes inclinées (6006) sont configurés de sorte que des impulsions de pression sortant des bouts de la pluralité d'aubes inclinées soient biaisées pour réduire le bruit.
  10. Dispositif de thérapie respiratoire par pression (4000) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel la pluralité d'aubes inclinées (6006) et la pluralité d'aubes inclinées en sens inverse (6008) définissent des passages d'air primaires (6020) sur une première face (6022) de la turbine et des passages d'air secondaires (6024) sur une seconde face (6026) de la turbine.
  11. Dispositif de thérapie respiratoire par pression (4000) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel au moins une de la pluralité d'aubes inclinées (6006) et de la pluralité d'aubes inclinées en sens inverse (6008) comporte des dentelures (6030, 6032) sur au moins une d'une arête arrière respective (6038a, 6308b) et d'une arête avant respective.
  12. Dispositif de thérapie respiratoire par pression (4000) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11,
    dans lequel chacune de la pluralité d'aubes inclinées (6006) comporte une arête vers l'arrière en rotation (6012a) ; et
    dans lequel chacune de la pluralité d'aubes inclinées en sens inverse (6008) comporte une arête vers l'avant en rotation (6010b) ; et
    dans lequel la pluralité d'aubes inclinées (6006) et la pluralité d'aubes inclinées en sens inverse (6008) forment une pluralité de paires d'aubes avec l'arête vers l'arrière en rotation (6012a) et l'arête vers l'avant en rotation (6010b) raccordées ensemble d'une manière continue.
  13. Dispositif de thérapie respiratoire par pression (4000) selon la revendication 12, dans lequel la pluralité d'aubes inclinées (6006) comporte chacune une seconde arête vers l'avant en rotation (6010a), la pluralité d'aubes inclinées en sens inverse (6008) comporte chacune une seconde arête vers l'arrière en rotation (6012b), et chacune des secondes arêtes vers l'avant en rotation (6010a) est raccordée à une des secondes arêtes vers l'arrière en rotation (6012b) d'une manière continue.
  14. Dispositif de thérapie respiratoire par pression (4000) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, dans lequel chacune de la pluralité d'aubes inclinées (6006) et chacune de la pluralité d'aubes inclinées en sens inverse (6008) fournissent un trajet d'écoulement dans une direction depuis le moyeu (6002) vers un périmètre extérieur de la turbine.
  15. Dispositif de thérapie respiratoire par pression (4000) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14, dans lequel un bout d'aube d'au moins une de la pluralité d'aubes inclinées (6006) et de la pluralité d'aubes inclinées en sens inverse (6008) comporte des dentelures (6030).
  16. Dispositif de thérapie respiratoire par pression (4000) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, dans lequel le boîtier (8004, 8006, 8014, 8024) comprend l'entrée (8000) et la sortie (8002), des paires adjacentes de la pluralité de paires d'aubes (6006, 6008) définissent des passages d'air primaires (6020) sur une première face (6022) de la turbine (6000), et de la pluralité de paires d'aubes (6006, 6008) définissent des passages d'air secondaires (6024) sur une seconde face (6026) de la turbine (6000), et l'entrée (8000) est ouverte vers et sur le même côté que la seconde face (6026).
  17. Dispositif de thérapie respiratoire par pression (4000) selon la revendication 16, dans lequel la turbine (6000) comprend une pluralité d'ouvertures (6028) en communication fluidique avec l'entrée (8000), la pluralité d'ouvertures (6028) étant configurée pour permettre à de l'air de circuler de la seconde face (6026), vers la première face (6022) et radialement vers l'extérieur à travers les passages primaires (6020).
EP16810628.4A 2015-06-16 2016-06-16 Roue à aubes inclinées et inclinées à l'inverse Active EP3311032B1 (fr)

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US201562180279P 2015-06-16 2015-06-16
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WO2016201516A1 (fr) 2016-12-22
EP3311032A1 (fr) 2018-04-25
US11846303B2 (en) 2023-12-19
US10844876B2 (en) 2020-11-24
EP3311032A4 (fr) 2019-02-20
EP3985260A1 (fr) 2022-04-20
US20240060514A1 (en) 2024-02-22
US20210262490A1 (en) 2021-08-26
US20180180062A1 (en) 2018-06-28

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