EP3304527A1 - Simulateur canalaire endodontique artificiel a base d'hydroxyapatite - Google Patents
Simulateur canalaire endodontique artificiel a base d'hydroxyapatiteInfo
- Publication number
- EP3304527A1 EP3304527A1 EP16731228.9A EP16731228A EP3304527A1 EP 3304527 A1 EP3304527 A1 EP 3304527A1 EP 16731228 A EP16731228 A EP 16731228A EP 3304527 A1 EP3304527 A1 EP 3304527A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- root canal
- simulator
- artificial
- endodontic
- mold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 210000004262 dental pulp cavity Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 102000012422 Collagen Type I Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate group Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
- G09B23/283—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for dentistry or oral hygiene
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C19/00—Dental auxiliary appliances
- A61C19/04—Measuring instruments specially adapted for dentistry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C5/00—Filling or capping teeth
- A61C5/50—Implements for filling root canals; Methods or instruments for medication of tooth nerve channels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
- G09B23/286—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for scanning or photography techniques, e.g. X-rays, ultrasonics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
- G09B23/30—Anatomical models
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an artificial endodontic duct simulator and a method of manufacturing such an artificial endodontic duct simulator.
- Endodontic treatment is necessary when the pulp tissue, at the heart of the tooth, is altered following an attack of carious, traumatic or infectious origin, or when the reconstruction of the tooth requires the installation of a tenon in a tooth. root.
- Such endodontic treatment typically includes cleaning, shaping the canal system (containing the vasculo-nerve bundle) and its three-dimensional filling, according to the rules of the art.
- this method is not reproducible from one patient to another because of the complexity and significant variability of the morphology of the ductal system.
- the evaluation of new materials and techniques in endodontics, as well as their learning by practitioners, is currently carried out either on natural teeth of human or animal origin, or on artificial canal simulators.
- An artificial endodontic canal simulator is a block of material that includes (hollow) a cavity defining a root canal (or root canal) of a tooth.
- a "negative mold” having the volume shape of a root portion of the root of a tooth is reproduced in the block of material.
- a root canal portion of the tooth root has a decreasing cross section from the coronal area to the tip of the root or apical area of the tooth.
- Such a simulator allows for example the implementation of tests endodontic treatments when the element has a composition close to natural dentin.
- artificial ductal simulators are soft root canal simulators.
- artificial duct simulators are made of acrylic resin, for example poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).
- the application FR2723240 describes, for example, making copies of teeth transparent epoxy resin. These artificial teeth are made by molding a root portion and a coronal portion respectively associated after creation of the root canals. These are reproduced in a simplistic way by placing in the epoxy resin material one or more rectilinear or conical metallic stakes in order to form the channels.
- Patent Application EP 2,011,451 relates to an artificial tooth comprising an enamel portion and a dentin portion having different textures.
- the dentin may be formed with a sintered body of an inorganic powder, a resin or a composite, but the model more particularly described in this application is composed mainly of zirconia and alumina.
- This artificial tooth is reproduced by a ceramic injection process (in particular by forming granules with alumina and a binder), injecting the granules into a mold, removing the binder by heat treatment and sintering at high temperature. temperature. The temperature used for the sintering results at a partial densification of the material to maintain a porosity then permitting the impregnation of a resin.
- a pulp volume (including the dental channels) inside the dentine is effected via the use of a mold of combustible material (eg an epoxy resin) having the desired pulp shape .
- a mold of combustible material eg an epoxy resin
- the resulting product is calcined to remove the mold of combustible material and leave a void space representing the shape of the pulp volumes. This space is then filled with a resin, silicone rubber, wax or a soluble material.
- the composition of this simulator is still quite far from natural dentin, composed mainly of hydroxyapatite.
- An object of the invention is also to provide an artificial endodontic canal simulator which is radiopaque to allow the realization of radiographic images.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a simple and reproducible preparation method of such a simulator, and which can preferably allow the realization of root canals biomimetically.
- the inventors have the merit of having developed an artificial endodontic canal simulator based on hydroxyapatite comprising a cavity representing a root canal, said simulator having a porosity of between 10 and 40% and a Vickers hardness of 50 to 200 HV.
- an artificial endodontic duct simulator that is to say an artificial reproduction via a negative mold of the canal part of a tooth, and more particularly the root canal portion of a tooth, has the advantage of have a composition, a micro structure and anatomy close to a natural tooth root. This simulator reacts to surrounding conditions (eg temperature, pressure, presence of fluid among others) in a manner close to the natural tooth.
- the invention thus relates to an artificial endodontic duct simulator based on hydroxyapatite comprising a cavity representing a root canal, said artificial endodontic ductal simulator having a porosity of between 10 and 40%, preferably between 10 and 30% and a Vickers hardness of 50 to 200 HV.
- the present invention also relates to a method for the manufacture of an artificial endodontic duct simulator according to the invention.
- An object of the present invention thus relates to a method of preparing a hydroxyapatite-based endodontic artificial duct simulator comprising a cavity representing a root canal, said method comprising the steps of:
- said at least one porogenic agent is chosen from starches, organic polymers, graphite and resins, preferably from starches; said at least one porogen is rice starch; said at least one binder is selected from polyacrylic compounds and polyvinyl compounds, preferably from polyacrylic compounds; said at least one binder is an acrylic latex; said at least one dispersing agent is chosen from water-soluble polymers, homopolymers, or organic or inorganic copolymers, preferably with a molar mass of between 10,000 and 40,000 g.
- said at least one dispersing agent is ammonium polymethacrylate
- the reference viscosity ⁇ of said liquid slip is between 8 and 100 MPas, more preferably between 60 and 80 MPas
- the dynamic viscosity ⁇ of said liquid slip is between 0.5 and 30 MPas, more preferably between 1 and 20 MPas
- said liquid slip has between 45 and 80% by weight of dry matter, more preferably between 60 and 80% by weight of dry matter, more preferably between 65 and 75% by weight of dry matter, more preferably between 70 and 75% by weight of dry matter
- the weight proportions of the hydroxyapatite, of said at least one porogenic agent, of said at least one binder and of said at least one dispersing agent are as follows:
- binding agent 0.5 to 5%
- step e) comprises a heating phase of said green material comprising the duct mold resulting from step d) in order to reach a temperature preferably greater than 1200 ° C., preferably between 1200 ° C. and 1400 ° C. ° C, preferably between 1200 ° C and 1300 ° C, preferably at a temperature between 1225 ° C and 1275 ° C; in step b), pouring said liquid slip (2) in all or only part of the height of said duct mold (4) so that the cavity of the canal simulator defining the root canal is through.
- An object of the invention also relates to an artificial endodontic canal simulator that can be obtained by the method of preparing an artificial endodontic duct simulator according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 Transparency diagrams of steps b) - e) of the process according to the invention (with sectional representations of the green material comprising the root canal mold obtained in step d), and of the root canal simulator according to the invention obtained in FIG. step e).
- Figure 2 X-ray diffractogram of natural dentin and synthesized hydroxyapatite.
- Figure 3 Evolution of the viscosity of a liquid slip according to the invention as a function of the applied speed gradient.
- FIG. 4 Representation of the porosity of the material of an endodontic ductal simulator according to the invention as a function of the quantity of porogenic agent (rice starch).
- Figure 5 SEM images of a natural human dentin and the material of an endodontic ductal simulator according to the invention.
- Figure 6 Representation of the hardness (HV) of the material of an endodontic ductal simulator as a function of the temperature of the heat treatment applied ("sintering temperature").
- FIG. 7 Representation of the hardness (HV) of the material of an endodontic ductal simulator according to the invention as a function of the amount of porogenic agent (rice starch).
- FIG. 8 Dilatometry diagram of various endodontic canal simulator materials according to the invention obtained from 65%, 70%, 75% by weight dry matter slips. The shrinkage rate during densification is denoted dL / LO%.
- Figure 9 Photographs of an artificial endodontic canal simulator according to the invention at the stage of the cone fitting during endodontic treatment.
- FIG. 10 X-rays of the successive stages of an initial endodontic treatment: on natural tooth (a-d), and artificial endodontic canal simulator according to the invention (e-h).
- FIG. 11 Representation of the penetration thickness of various adhesive systems (SAM I, M & R II) ( ⁇ ) in a ductal simulator according to the invention ("artificial dentin”) and in a natural dentin ("natural dentin”).
- the invention relates to an artificial endodontic duct simulator based on hydroxyapatite comprising a cavity representing a root canal, said artificial endodontic ductal simulator having a porosity of between 10 and 40%, preferably between 10 and 30% and a Vickers hardness of 50. at 200 HV.
- a porosity of between 10 and 40%, preferably between 10 and 30% and a Vickers hardness of 50. at 200 HV.
- the use of "between X and Y" should be understood to include the X and Y terminals.
- Natural dentin is composed of hydroxyapatite (about 70% by weight), organic compounds, including type 1 collagen (about 20% by weight), and water (about 10% by weight).
- the root canal simulator of the invention is also formed mainly of hydroxyapatite. This distinguishes it from ductal simulators made from resins.
- the porosity (in%) corresponds to the ratio of the volume of the voids of the material relative to the total volume of the material.
- the porosity of the natural dentin of the dental root is typically between 10 and 40% (Vennat et al., Dental Materials (2009) 25: 729-735).
- the porosity of the artificial endodontic canal simulator of the invention is therefore close to that of natural dentin in that it is between 10 and 40%, preferably between 10 and 30%, more preferably between 15 and 25%.
- the porosity of the artificial endodontic duct simulator of the invention is about 20%.
- Porosity can be determined by any method known to those skilled in the art.
- the porosity determination method described in the examples, that is to say the hydrostatic weighing method, can be typically used.
- the average pore size is between 2 and 10 ⁇ (micrometers), preferably between 3 and 6 ⁇ , more preferably between 4 and 5 ⁇ , more preferably about 4.5 ⁇ .
- the average pore size can be determined by any method known to those skilled in the art.
- the average pore size can typically be determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image processing,
- the hardness of the simulator according to the invention is expressed in Vickers hardness (HV) under normal conditions of temperature and pressure.
- HV Vickers hardness
- the hardness of the artificial endodontic canal simulator of the invention is therefore close to that of natural dentin in that it is 50 to 200 HV, preferably 60 to 160 HV.
- the hardness varies in particular according to the weight percentage of pore-forming agent included in the liquid slip. The higher the weight percentage of pore-forming agent, the higher the hardness of the simulator according to the invention will be low.
- Vickers hardness is typically measured using a square base pyramidal indenter according to ISO 14705: 2008.
- Dilatometry represents the linear expansion of an object as a function of temperature. It makes it possible to determine the rate of shrinkage of a material as a function of its densification during the application of a heat treatment.
- the shrinkage rate is expressed as a shrinkage percentage relative to the initial volume of the material.
- a dilatometer whose temperature increases by 5 ° C. every 5 minutes up to 1400 ° C., for example a Netzsch DL402 dilatometer.
- the shrinkage rate of an artificial ductal simulator according to the invention measured by dilatometry after heat treatment at 1400 ° C. is preferably between 5 and 25% of the initial volume, more preferably between 10 and 20% of the initial volume.
- the artificial ductal simulator according to the invention has, with these characteristics, a microstructure and an anatomy close to a natural dental root. This makes it possible, for example, to carry out tests for teaching purposes or for research on a material that reacts in a manner similar to natural dentin. For example, it is possible to perform interface comparisons or carry out penetration cement / endodontic glue penetration tests in the artificial endodontic duct simulator of the invention. It is indeed possible to make collages of adhesive systems, the adhesive nature of the simulator according to the invention being close to that of natural dentin.
- the present invention also relates to a method for the manufacture of an artificial endodontic duct simulator according to the invention.
- An object of the present invention thus relates to a method of preparing a hydroxyapatite-based endodontic artificial duct simulator comprising a cavity representing a root canal, said method comprising the steps of:
- the preparation method according to the invention thus uses the mechanism of the negative mold, leaving an impression of the canal part of a dental root (or root canal of a tooth) via a mold representing the volume of this canal part, called here "duct mold".
- duct mold a mold representing the volume of this canal part
- a simulator composed of a material close to the mineral phase of the natural dentine and having the impression of the desired canal part.
- the liquid slip prepared in step a) comprises hydroxyapatite, at least one pore-forming agent, at least one binding agent, at least one dispersing agent and water.
- This step a) of preparation consists of a mixture of these compounds.
- step a) of preparing a slip comprises a homogenization step.
- Such homogenization can be carried out according to any method known to those skilled in the art, for example using a jar spinner.
- said homogenization step is carried out before adding said at least one binder in said liquid slip. This order of addition is advantageous in order to avoid breaking the molecular chains of the binding agent during mixing.
- the step of preparing a slip comprises the addition of water and dispersing agent, followed by the addition of the blowing agent and hydroxyapatite, followed by a step of homogenization, followed by the addition of the binding agent.
- the hydroxyapatite used of the formula Ca 5 (P0 4) 3 (OH), may be of the commercially available hydroxyapatite or it may be prepared by any method known to those skilled in the art.
- the hydroxyapatite used to form the liquid slip can be prepared by aqueous precipitation, for example in the same way as in the examples of this application.
- the hydroxyapatite particles have a size of about 1 ⁇ .
- the density of the hydroxyapatite is close to that of the natural dentin and is preferably between 2.5 g. cm - "3 and 4 g cm -.” 3, preferably between 3 g. cm - "3 and 3.5 g cm -.” 3, more preferably about 3.2 g. cm " .
- the amount of hydroxyapatite is preferably 70 to 94%, preferably 80 to 90%, more preferably 85 to 90% by weight based on the total weight of liquid slip.
- porogenic agent is meant a compound that is introduced into the liquid slip in the form of particles, these particles then degrading during a heat treatment, such as that carried out in step e), to leave voids or pores within the mixture.
- the particle size of a blowing agent according to the invention is preferably less than 10 microns ( ⁇ ), more preferably between 1 and 8 microns ( ⁇ ), more preferably between 6 and 8 microns ( ⁇ ).
- a blowing agent according to the invention is, for example but without limitation, chosen from starches, organic polymers, graphite and resins.
- a pore-forming agent is chosen from starches. More preferably, it is rice starch.
- the amount of blowing agent is preferably 5 to 20%, more preferably 7.5 to 12.5%, more preferably about 10%, by weight based on the total weight of liquid slip.
- the amount of blowing agent added to the liquid slip determines in particular the porosity of the artificial ductal simulator. It is thus possible to control the porosity of this simulator by using an appropriate amount of pore-forming agent.
- binder agent (s) makes it possible at the same time to increase the mechanical strength of the green material obtained after drying in step c) and to limit the appearance of microcracks likely to occur. form during the drying step c).
- binding agent a compound, or a mixture of compounds, which is chemically compatible with the other constituents of the slip is chosen in particular. Water-soluble compounds are more particularly suitable.
- a binding agent according to the invention is, for example but not limited to, selected from polyacrylic compounds and polyvinyl compounds.
- a binding agent according to the invention is a polyacrylic compound, especially an acrylic latex such as B1001® sold by Rohm and Haas.
- the amount of binding agent is preferably 0.5 to 5, preferably 1 to 2, by weight based on the total weight of liquid slip.
- a dispersing agent according to the invention is, for example but without limitation, chosen from water-soluble polymers, homopolymers or organic or inorganic copolymers, preferably with a molar mass of between 10,000 and 40,000 g. mol "1.
- a dispersing agent according to the invention is selected from water-soluble polymers. More preferably, a dispersing agent according to the invention is ammonium polymethacrylate.
- the amount of dispersing agent is preferably from 0 , 5 to 5%, preferably 1 to 3%, by weight relative to the total weight of liquid slip.
- the dynamic viscosity ⁇ of the slip is between 0.4 and 30 MPas, more preferably between 1 and 20 MPas.
- the term "dynamic viscosity” means the viscosity measured with a fixed shear stress when an established regime is reached. The dynamic viscosity can be measured by dynamic rheometry by measuring by viscoelastometry the shear stress transmitted as a function of the applied velocity gradient. We can thus refer to the experimental part. When the term “viscosity” is used in the present application, it is the dynamic viscosity.
- the reference viscosity ⁇ of the slip is between 0.5 and 100 MPas, more preferably between 8 and 80 MPas, more preferably between 60 and 80 MPas.
- the term "reference viscosity" means the viscosity measured at t 0 .
- the water is added in order to obtain a percentage by weight of dry matter of the liquid slip preferably between 45 and 80%, more preferably between 60 and 80%, more preferably between 65 and 80% by weight. 75%, more preferably between 70 and 75%.
- a slurry having less than 70% by weight of dry matter will have a Newtonian rheological behavior, which gives the advantage of facilitating the casting step b), the slurry remaining liquid after mixing and homogenization.
- a slip having more than 70% by weight of dry matter will have a rheo-thickening behavior, the viscosity of the slip having a tendency to increase as the gradient of speed increases.
- step d) of the process of removing the raw material from the container Le. the dried slip. Since it is preferable to have the highest possible solids content, in particular in order to limit the duration of drying step c), a solids content of between 65 and 75%, and more preferably between 70 and 75%, advantageously allows to have a slip manipulable with a high dry matter content.
- the liquid slip has between 45 and 80% by weight of dry matter, more preferably between 60 and 80% by weight of dry matter, more preferably between 65 and 75% by weight of material. dry, more preferably between 70 and 75% by weight of dry matter.
- the hydroxyapatite / blowing agent / binder / dispersing agent / water proportions are adapted according to the intended application.
- the weight proportions of the hydroxyapatite, of said at least one porogenic agent, of said at least one binding agent and said at least one dispersing agent are as follows:
- blowing agent 5 to 20%, preferably 7.5 to 12.5%, of blowing agent
- binding agent 0.5 to 5%, preferably 1 to 2%, of binding agent
- dispersing agent 0.5 to 5%, preferably 1 to 3%, of dispersing agent, the percentages being expressed by weight relative to the total weight of dry matter of the liquid slip.
- the mixture of the hydroxyapatite, said at least one porogenic agent, said at least one binding agent, said at least one dispersing agent and water can be in any order indifferently.
- the step of preparing a slurry comprises the addition of water and the dispersing agent, followed by the addition of the blowing agent and hydroxyapatite, followed by the addition of the binding agent. This order of addition is advantageous in order to avoid breaking the molecular chains of the binding agent during mixing.
- the preparation step a) preferably comprises a homogenization step.
- said homogenization step is carried out before adding the binding agent during step a).
- An additional step of degassing the liquid slip may also be performed downstream of the preparation step a).
- This degassing step consists in eliminating the gases contained in the liquid slip and is typically carried out under vacuum, for example at an atmospheric pressure ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 atm, preferably around 0.2 atm, and during a duration of 5 to 30 min, preferably about 10 min.
- FIG. 1 represents the following steps b) to e) of the process for preparing an artificial endodontic canal simulator 1 according to the invention.
- step b) the liquid slip 2 obtained in step a) (not shown in Figure 1) is poured into a container 3 in which is placed a duct mold 4.
- Said duct mold 4 reproduces the full volume of a canal portion of a dental root and is intended to leave the imprint of its contours in the artificial canal simulator 1 according to the invention after having melted during the heat treatment step e).
- the duct mold 4 is thus composed of a material suitable for the present invention.
- the material used is able to decompose, in particular to burn during the heat treatment performed in step e) of the process.
- the duct mold 4 may for example be resin or wax.
- the mold 4 reproducing the external shape of a root portion of a tooth may be produced according to any method known to those skilled in the art and suitable for the present invention. invention.
- the canal portion of a tooth has a decreasing cross section from the coronal area to the apical area of the tooth.
- the method according to the invention comprises an additional step of producing a duct mold 4. This additional step is typically implemented upstream of step b).
- the duct mold 4 is produced by 3D printing.
- the step of producing a duct mold 4 comprises the following steps:
- a step of 3D reproduction of a duct mold from the 3D modeling of the duct mold with in particular a maximum printing resolution of 12 ⁇ , preferably between 12 and 35 ⁇ , more preferably between 12 and 30 ⁇ .
- 3D modeling of the root canal can be done either abstractly or from models, for example from natural teeth.
- the step of producing a duct mold 4 comprises the following steps:
- a step of 3D reproduction of a duct mold with in particular a maximum printing resolution of 12 ⁇ , preferably between 12 and 35 ⁇ , more preferably between 12 and 30 ⁇ .
- natural teeth are scanned by micro-tomography to serve as a model for the 3D reproduction of the duct mold 4.
- the duct mold 4 reproduced by 3D printing is wax.
- the volume of the duct mold is oversized according to the withdrawal rate of the prepared duct simulator, as previously defined. The impression left by the duct mold after heat treatment is thus closer to the dimensions of a natural tooth.
- the channel mold 4 is thus placed in the container 3 for receiving the liquid slip 2.
- Any suitable container 3 may be used.
- a cylindrical mold can be used.
- An adhesive means 6 allowing the adhesion of the root canal mold to the bottom of the container may be provided, for example a wax zone.
- the adhesive means is preferably able to unhook from the duct mold during demolding performed in step d).
- the channel mold is placed in the container, the larger portion of the mold being maintained by the adhesive means 6.
- a multi-part mold may for example be used.
- the material used for the container 3 allows the absorption of the water included in the liquid slip 2. It is for example plaster.
- a container 3 is obtained, comprising a duct mold 4, in which the liquid slip 2 is placed.
- Figure 1 is shown a particular embodiment of the invention according to which the slip is cast in all or only part of the height of the duct mold.
- a channel simulator is obtained whose cavity is through so as, for example, to be able to evacuate treatment solutions.
- a first "wide" mouth 7 thus corresponds to the larger section of the channel while a second "narrow" mouth 8 defines the tip of the root.
- the casting height of the slip and / or the dimensions of the duct mold are determined in particular so that the dimensions of the mouths 7 and 8 are as close as possible to the dimensions of a natural dental canal.
- said liquid slip (2) is cast beyond the height of said root canal (4) so that the cavity of the root canal simulator defines the root canal. either non-traversing.
- Step c) then comprises drying the liquid slip 2 to obtain a green material comprising said root mold 4.
- the slip once dried gives a hard material called "green material” surrounding the material.
- duct mold 4 placed in the container 3.
- the drying step may be carried out by any method known to those skilled in the art and suitable for the present invention.
- the liquid slip 1 from step b) dries at room temperature for at least 1 h, preferably for at least 2 h, more preferably for at least 3 h. Drying at room temperature avoids the appearance of cracks that may form in case of drying at higher temperature.
- the green material 5 comprising the channel mold 4 is then removed or demolded from the container 3 in a step d). At the end of this step d) a green material 5 is thus obtained, which always comprises the root canal mold 4.
- An additional drying step may optionally be implemented at the end of this step d) demolding of the green material 5 and before the heat treatment step e).
- Such an additional drying step may be carried out by any method known to those skilled in the art and suitable for the present invention.
- the green material from step d) dries at room temperature for about 24 hours. In the same manner as above, drying at room temperature makes it possible to avoid the appearance of cracks that may form in the event of drying at a higher temperature.
- Stage e) of heat treatment of the raw material 5 comprising the duct mold 4 is finally implemented in order to cause combustion of said duct mold 4 and to obtain said artificial ductal endodontic simulator 1.
- This heat treatment step is carried out according to any method known to those skilled in the art and suitable for the present invention.
- this heat treatment step must be conducted in order to achieve several objectives.
- the temperature of the heat treatment must first allow the combustion of the duct mold 4.
- the material used to reproduce the duct mold 4 is indeed able to burn at the temperatures used.
- a "negative mold” is obtained, that is to say a material having the imprint of the contours of the duct mold, Le. the volume of a canal part.
- the heat treatment step must allow the densification of the hydroxyapatite-based material and the removal of the blowing agent in order to generate the porosity of the product.
- the material of the channel simulator 1 obtained after thermal treatment of the green material 5 of step d) is thus completely densified and has the desired porosity.
- the temperature of the heat treatment must thus be determined so as to obtain the artificial duct simulator 1 of the invention, that is to say a material having the footprint of the volume of a root portion, the material being completely densified and having a suitable porosity, obtained through the thermal removal of the pore-forming agent.
- the heat treatment of step e) comprises a heating phase of the green material 5 comprising the duct mold 4 from step d) in order to reach a temperature allowing the degradation of the duct mold 4 and the pore-forming agent, as well as the densification of hydroxyapatite.
- the heat treatment is carried out at a temperature greater than 1200 ° C., preferably between 1200 ° C.
- hydroxyapatite-based material is indeed fully densified.
- This heating phase can be carried out gradually, for example by raising the temperature of 300 ° C per hour.
- one or more latency phases of maintaining a predetermined temperature for a predetermined period can be implemented during the heating phase of the heat treatment.
- a lag phase of the heating phase of the heat treatment is carried out when the temperature is between 400 ° C. and 700 ° C., preferably between 500 ° C and 650 ° C, more preferably about 600 ° C.
- said temperature is maintained for a period of between 1 h and 6 h, preferably for about 3 h.
- the lag phase may consist in maintaining the temperature at 600 ° C for 3h. Such a lag phase allows the removal of the carbon released during the combustion of the pore-forming agent.
- another latency phase is performed at the end of the heating step when the desired temperature is reached.
- said temperature is maintained for a period of between 2 h and 5 h, preferably for about 3 h.
- the lag phase may consist in maintaining the temperature at 1225 ° C. for 3 hours.
- the heat treatment comprises, after the heating step, a phase of cooling the material to a temperature between 20 ° C and 50 ° C, preferably between 30 ° C and 45 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of about 40 ° C.
- This second cooling phase can be carried out gradually, for example by lowering the temperature from 20 ° C to 100 ° C per hour, preferably 30 ° C per hour. Such a gradual decrease in temperature makes it possible, among other things, to avoid the thermal shock that may occur with the hydroxyapatite.
- the artificial endodontic ductal simulator 1 obtained at the end of the process has the advantage of having a composition, a microstructure and an anatomy close to the mineral phase of the dentine of the natural dental root.
- This simulator reacts to surrounding conditions (eg temperature, pressure, presence of fluid among others) very close to the natural tooth.
- this canal simulator has the advantage of being radiopaque, and can thus be viewed on X-rays.
- An object of the invention also relates to an artificial endodontic duct simulator 1 obtainable by the method of preparing an artificial endodontic duct simulator according to the invention.
- a simulator 1 has the physico-mechanical characteristics mentioned above.
- the artificial endodontic duct simulator 1 may in particular be used for research or learning purposes.
- HA hydroxyapatite powder
- the solution was then filtered and dried at 70 ° C for 7 days.
- the specific surface area of the hydroxyapatite powder was reduced by calcination at 950 ° C. for 3 hours.
- the agglomerates formed during the calcination were dissociated by grinding for 24 hours, 100 rpm.
- the product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (X'Pert Pro MRD, Panalytical) and compared to natural dentin from healthy maxillary molars extracted from patients aged 25 to 45 for orthodontic reasons.
- the synthesized hydroxyapatite powder is highly crystalline and pure. Natural dentin is partially crystallized and its spectrum coincides with the presence of hydroxyapatite.
- the synthesized hydroxyapatite powder has a density of 3.2 g. cm " .
- the three slips prepared respectively have 65%, 70% and 75% by weight of dry matter.
- the respective amounts of each compound relative to the total weight of dry matter of the slip are described in Table 1 below.
- Dynamic rheometry was used to determine the viscosity of the slips (Gemini Rheometer, Bohlin). A shear rate was applied, and the shear stress transmitted by the sample was evaluated by viscoelastometry. The slips were inserted between the two trays of the viscometer. The lower plate was maintained at 20 ° C. ⁇ 0.2 ° C. under an atmosphere using a thermostatic bath (truncated flat cone 2 °, 55 mm, gap 70). Under these conditions, it was possible to study the evolution of the shear stress as a function of the velocity gradient. The dynamic shear stress ⁇ [for a test was selected when it reached an established dynamic regime (3 samples / group). It was thus possible to measure the dynamic viscosity as well as the reference viscosity ⁇ 0 , determined at t0. Result
- the slip at 65% and 70% by weight of dry matter has a Newtonian behavior, that is to say that the stress-strain rate law is linear.
- the slurry at 75% by weight of dry matter has a rheo-thickening behavior, that is to say that the viscosity increases under the effect of a stress.
- Table 2 below shows the reference viscosities ⁇ of the slips at 65%, 70% and 75% by weight of dry matter.
- slips at 70% and 75% by weight of dry matter form a good compromise in that they remain easily handled while having the highest possible solids content.
- the porosity of the samples was determined by hydrostatic weighing on a precision balance (ALT-310-4 AM, Kern) using the Archimedes principle (3 vacuum cycles, 3 samples / group).
- the micro structure of the samples comprising 10% starch by weight of dry matter was observed by scanning electron microscope (S-3500N, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) (high vacuum, secondary electrons), after metallization with gold ( HHV auto360, Edwards, Crawley, England).
- the materials comprising 10% by weight of rice starch show a porosity of 20%, which is similar to the porosity rate of the natural dentin also of 20%.
- the material of the ductal simulator of the invention has a microporous structure close to natural dentin in terms of pore size and porosity rate.
- a first group of channel simulator materials was then manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 from the porogen-free slip (0%) by varying the heat treatment temperature ("sintering temperature") .
- the following temperatures were thus achieved: 1050 ° C, 1100 ° C, 1125 ° C, 1150 ° C, 1175 ° C, 1200 ° C and 1275 ° C.
- a second group of canal simulator materials was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 from the slips with and without porogen (0%, 2.5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12%). 5%, 15%, 20%) and with a heat treatment temperature of 1275 ° C.
- the hardness of the samples (12 samples / group) was measured by Vickers micro-indentation (Testwell, FM) of a pyramidal diamond with a square base (500 g for 10 s).
- the material without rice starch is fully densified only above 1200 ° C.
- the higher the quantity of pore-forming agent the lower the hardness of the material.
- the material without a pore-forming agent has a hardness of 442 HV, that with 10% of porogen has a hardness of 155 HV and that with 20% of porogen has a hardness of 61 HV.
- the presence of pore-forming agent therefore makes it possible to obtain a hardness that is closer to natural dentin.
- the material comprising 20% porogen has substantially the same hardness as natural dentine (69 HV).
- Example 3 Three liquid slips were prepared in the same manner as described in Example 2 with respectively 65%, 70% and 75% by weight of dry matter. Canal simulator materials according to the invention were then manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3.
- the shrinkage rate related to densification of the samples was measured by dilatometry (DL402C, NETZSCH).
- the cylindrical samples (length 15 mm, diameter 5 mm, 3 samples / group) were placed on an alumina sample holder and then a thermal cycle was applied under ambient atmosphere (from 40 ° C. to 1400 ° C., 5 ° C. / min, 1400 ° C to 40 ° C, 5 ° C / min).
- a liquid slip was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 2 with 75% dry matter.
- a canal mold was reproduced in wax by 3D printing.
- 25 healthy natural teeth extracted from patients for orthodontic, periodontal and / or prosthetic reasons were scanned by micro-tomography (skyscan 1172, resolution of the acquisition: 18 ⁇ ) to serve as a model for the 3D production of a duct mold representing the volume of a physiological canal part.
- the reconstruction of the images was done with the NRECON software (Skyscan), the selection and isolation of the canal part (pulpal volumes) on the images was done with the CT-an software and the simulator was produced by printing 3D with a cryoceram printer.
- the root canal was then inserted into a plaster vessel at the bottom of which adhesive means was previously placed to adhere the coronal area (i.e., the highest cross-sectional portion of the root canal) to the plasterboard. After homogenization for 1 h at 120 rpm in a jar and vacuum degassing (0.2 atm, 10 min), the liquid slip was then poured into the plaster cylindrical vessel and left at room temperature for 3 hours to dry.
- the green material obtained after drying was then demolded and heat-treated in a ceramic kiln (LHT 08/17; Nabertherm) with a first heating phase of 300 ° C per hour increasing the temperature from 40 ° C to 600 ° C with a 3h step during which the temperature was maintained at 600 ° C, followed by a second heating phase of 600 ° C at 1225 ° C with a 3h step during which the temperature was maintained at 1225 ° C.
- the temperature was then reduced to 40 ° C with a decrease of 30 ° C per hour.
- an artificial ductal simulator is obtained as visible in FIG. 9.
- This ductal simulator can for example be used by students to carry out tests on an anatomy structure close to a root canal. natural, and of composition close to the mineral phase of the dentine.
- the artificial canal simulator has the advantage of being radiopaque, in the same way as a natural tooth, which allows to follow the progress of endodontic treatment in conditions close to the reality.
- FIG. 9 it is for example possible to introduce a gutta-percha cone during endodontic treatment in order to close off the root canal formed in the canal simulator according to the invention.
- This dental filling prevents bacterial recontamination.
- the placement of the cone can be visualized radiographically as shown in Figure 10 (steps g and h).
- Example 7 Bonding test on a canal simulator according to the invention
- Adhesive systems are used daily by dental surgeons in particular to reconstitute the losses of substances of the teeth (cavities, traumas ...) by biomaterials. It is therefore important to be able to stick adhesive systems on the canal simulator of the invention in a manner similar to the natural dentine.
- a collage test of a bonding resin on the root canal simulator prepared according to Example 6 was thus carried out.
- the penetration thickness of the bonding resin was analyzed by confocal microscope (Confocal Microscope Leica DCM 3D).
- Canal simulators were also prepared in the same manner as in Example 6.
- the surfaces of the natural dentin samples and ductal simulators according to the invention were treated with an etching gel containing 37% (v / v) of orthophosphoric acid (Supraetch®, R & S, Paris, France) for 3 seconds and were polished (Labopol-5; Struers) on abrasive discs up to 320 grit (P320; ESCIL) to obtain dentinal surfaces with standardized dentine mud.
- etching gel containing 37% (v / v) of orthophosphoric acid (Supraetch®, R & S, Paris, France) for 3 seconds and were polished (Labopol-5; Struers) on abrasive discs up to 320 grit (P320; ESCIL) to obtain dentinal surfaces with standardized dentine mud.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1554777A FR3036836B1 (fr) | 2015-05-27 | 2015-05-27 | Simulateur canalaire endodontique artificiel a base d'hydroxyapatite |
PCT/FR2016/051241 WO2016189252A1 (fr) | 2015-05-27 | 2016-05-26 | Simulateur canalaire endodontique artificiel a base d'hydroxyapatite |
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EP3304527A1 true EP3304527A1 (fr) | 2018-04-11 |
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EP16731228.9A Withdrawn EP3304527A1 (fr) | 2015-05-27 | 2016-05-26 | Simulateur canalaire endodontique artificiel a base d'hydroxyapatite |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20180144661A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3304527A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2018515285A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2985559A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3036836B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2016189252A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3947967A (en) * | 1974-12-05 | 1976-04-06 | Yoshimasa Satake | Root canal model for use in practical dental art training |
FR2723240B1 (fr) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-08-30 | Sultan Chantal | Modele de perfectionnement en dentisterie |
US8267695B2 (en) | 2006-04-17 | 2012-09-18 | Kabushiki Kaisha Shofu | Tooth for dental arch model and method for producing the same |
US20090263774A1 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-22 | Columbia Dentoform Corporation | Radiopaque Artificial Tooth |
WO2011028758A2 (fr) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Appareil et procédés pour une démonstration visuelle de l'érosion dentaire sur des matériaux dentaires simulés |
GB201108003D0 (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2011-06-29 | Materialise Dental Nv | Endodontic treatment simulation system |
WO2014153413A1 (fr) * | 2013-03-19 | 2014-09-25 | University Of Washington Through Its Center For Commercialization | Dents artificielles |
EP2796110B1 (fr) * | 2013-04-23 | 2017-06-07 | Credentis AG | Dent artificielle pour modèle de caries |
-
2015
- 2015-05-27 FR FR1554777A patent/FR3036836B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-05-26 CA CA2985559A patent/CA2985559A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2016-05-26 JP JP2017561322A patent/JP2018515285A/ja active Pending
- 2016-05-26 WO PCT/FR2016/051241 patent/WO2016189252A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2016-05-26 US US15/575,668 patent/US20180144661A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-05-26 EP EP16731228.9A patent/EP3304527A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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JP2018515285A (ja) | 2018-06-14 |
CA2985559A1 (fr) | 2016-12-01 |
FR3036836A1 (fr) | 2016-12-02 |
WO2016189252A1 (fr) | 2016-12-01 |
US20180144661A1 (en) | 2018-05-24 |
FR3036836B1 (fr) | 2017-06-09 |
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