EP3298369A1 - Anordnung und verwendung eines werkstückes aus einem stahl zur messung einer kraft oder eines momentes - Google Patents
Anordnung und verwendung eines werkstückes aus einem stahl zur messung einer kraft oder eines momentesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3298369A1 EP3298369A1 EP16735813.4A EP16735813A EP3298369A1 EP 3298369 A1 EP3298369 A1 EP 3298369A1 EP 16735813 A EP16735813 A EP 16735813A EP 3298369 A1 EP3298369 A1 EP 3298369A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- force
- machine element
- workpiece
- steel
- arrangement according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/12—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in the magnetic properties of materials resulting from the application of stress
- G01L1/125—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in the magnetic properties of materials resulting from the application of stress by using magnetostrictive means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
- G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
- G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
- G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
- G01L3/101—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving magnetic or electromagnetic means
- G01L3/102—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving magnetic or electromagnetic means involving magnetostrictive means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N35/00—Magnetostrictive devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N35/00—Magnetostrictive devices
- H10N35/80—Constructional details
- H10N35/85—Magnetostrictive active materials
Definitions
- the present invention initially relates to an arrangement for measuring a force and / or a moment using the inverse magnetostrictive effect.
- the invention further relates to a use of a workpiece made of a steel as a primary sensor for a measurement of a force and / or torque based on the inverse-magnetostrictive effect.
- DE 689 18 978 T2 shows a magnetostrictive torque converter with a shaft part made of a steel, in addition to carbon, silicon, manganese, aluminum, nickel and chromium also u. a. May contain lead or copper.
- EP 0 525 551 B1 teaches a circular magnetized torque sensor and a transmitter ring suitable for this purpose. There are different materials, such. B. alloys of iron and nickel or aluminum specified for the Kochtragerring.
- a cuffless torque sensor with a rotatable element made of a steel is known.
- the steel may be formed, for example, by 12% manganese and 1.2% carbon steel or by TRIP steel. It is further described to form a plurality of phases in the rotatable element, for which individual regions can be plastically deformed.
- the object of the present invention is to enable a measurement of forces and / or moments based on the inverse-magnetostrictive effect on machine elements which can be produced with little effort and which act as sensitive primary sensors.
- the above object is achieved by an arrangement according to the appended claim 1 and by a use according to the attached independent claim 10.
- the arrangement according to the invention is used to measure at least one force and / or one moment.
- the arrangement comprises a machine element, on which acts the at least one force or the at least one moment, which leads to mechanical stresses and the machine element usually deforms slightly elastically.
- the moment is preferably formed by a torsional moment.
- the machine element consists of a steel and has at least one
- the machine element is preferably completely magnetostrictive.
- the arrangement according to the invention furthermore comprises at least one magnetic field sensor for measuring a magnetic field or magnetic field change caused by the magnetization as well as by the force and / or by the moment.
- the magnetic field sensor forms a secondary sensor for measuring the force and / or the moment.
- the primary sensor is used to convert the force to be measured or the moment to be measured into a corresponding magnetic field, while the secondary sensor allows the conversion of this magnetic field or a change of this magnetic field into an electrical signal.
- the magnetic field caused by the magnetization as well as by the force and / or by the moment occurs due to the inverse magnetostrictive effect.
- the machine element is formed by a plastically formed workpiece from the steel, whereby it has a plastic shape, through which the machine element is designed to transmit the force and / or the moment.
- the machine element is thus a workpiece which has been produced by plastically transforming a steel semifinished product so that the workpiece acquires the shape by which it has its original function as a machine element; namely to fulfill the transmission of force and / or torque.
- this shaping is not realized by a machining process.
- the outer ßere shape of the machine element is at least partially determined by the plastic shaping.
- the outer shape of the machine element is preferably completely determined by the plastic shaping.
- the machine element is formed by a thermally plastically deformed workpiece. Consequently, the deformation of the workpiece by a thermal plastic deformation, d. H. by a plastic deformation with the application of heat, which leads to an increased temperature in the plastic deformation.
- the machine element is formed by a forged workpiece. Consequently, the forming of the workpiece was carried out by forging, which is a thermal plastic deformation.
- the forging allows a low-cost shaping of the workpiece, so that the machine element can fulfill its original function as a machine element, namely the transmission of force and / or torque.
- the plastic deformation gives the machine element several features.
- the workpiece has a fiber course with flow lines, which can be recognized, for example, after a cut through the machine element and after a microetch of the cut surface. The flow lines are created by the plastic deformation and deflected, ie not straight; For example, due to the force of the forging.
- the fiber path is not aligned exclusively parallel to an axis of the machine element.
- a non-plastically formed workpiece would have a fiber profile parallel to an axis of the workpiece
- the workpiece is formed by a plastically formed continuous casting.
- the following information relates to the steel from which the fully machined machine element is made.
- the steel preferably has a carbon content of between 0.2% and 0.6%.
- the steel particularly preferably has a carbon content of between 0.4% and 0.5%.
- the steel has an austenite content of preferably at most 6%.
- the steel has an austenite content of more preferably at most 3%.
- the steel preferably contains chromium.
- the steel preferably further contains nickel and / or molybdenum.
- the steel is preferably 50NiCr13 or 45NiCrMo16.
- the steel has a surface hardness of preferably at least 500 HV 10. In the case of 50NiCr13, the surface hardness is preferably 600 + 120 HV 10. In the case of 45NiCrMo16, the surface hardness is preferably 580 + 100 HV 10.
- the steel has a core hardness of preferably at least 500 HV 5.
- the core hardness is preferably 600 + 100 HV 5.
- the core hardness is preferably 580 + 100 HV 5.
- the steel or the workpiece has a coercive field strength of preferably at least 1 000 A / m.
- the steel or the workpiece has a coercive field strength of particularly preferably at least 1500 A / m. This is preferably the coercive force in the tangential direction.
- the magnetization is preferably formed by a permanent magnetization. Consequently, at least the magnetostrictive region is permanently magnetized. Alternatively preferably, the magnetization is formed by a temporary magnetization. In this case, the arrangement according to the invention further comprises a magnet for magnetizing the magnetostrictive area.
- the magnet can be formed in particular by a permanent magnet or by an electromagnet.
- the permanent or temporary magnetization is preferably magnetically neutral in a state of the machine element that is unloaded by a force or by a moment outside the machine element, so that no technically relevant magnetic field outside the machine element can be measured.
- the magnetization is preferably annular in one or more tracks, wherein an axis of the machine element also forms a central axis of the respective ring shape.
- the magnetization preferably extends circumferentially about an axis of the machine element. It is thus a magnetization revolving around the axis, wherein the axis itself preferably does not form part of the magnetization.
- the magnetization preferably has a tangential orientation with respect to a surface of the machine element extending around the axis.
- the magnetization preferably has only a tangential orientation with respect to a surface of the machine element extending around the axis.
- the magnetization preferably extends along a closed path around the axis, the magnetization being allowed to have short gaps. Insofar as the magnetization is formed in a plurality of tracks, these tracks preferably have the same spatial extent and are axially spaced apart.
- the polarity of the magnetization in the plurality of tracks is preferably alternating.
- the machine element is preferably formed by a shaft or by a flange.
- the outer shape of the shaft or of the flange is determined by the plastic shaping.
- the machine element can also be formed by other types of machine elements.
- the machine element is hollow; for example in the form of a hollow shaft or a hollow flange.
- the at least one magnetic field sensor is preferably by a semiconductor sensor, for. B. by a Hall or xMR sensor, or by a coil, for. B. formed by a fluxgate magnetometer.
- a semiconductor sensor for. B. by a Hall or xMR sensor, or by a coil, for. B. formed by a fluxgate magnetometer.
- another type of sensor can also be used insofar as it is suitable for measuring the magnetic field.
- the machine element of the arrangement according to the invention is preferably also characterized by its production.
- This manufacture comprises a step in which a semifinished product is plastically deformed from a steel in order to obtain the machine element in the form of a plastically formed workpiece.
- the semifinished product is preferably continuous casting.
- the semifinished product is preferably heated, particularly preferably above the
- the plastic forming is preferably carried out by forging.
- the forging preferably takes place in a direction in which lines and fibers are aligned in a macroplane of the steel.
- the heat treatment preferably comprises a step in which the workpiece extends at least to the
- Austenitmaschinestemperatur of the steel is heated, for which a warm-up and a warm-up of the workpiece take place. Subsequently, the temperature reached is preferably maintained over a holding period to ensure austenitization of the steel. Subsequently, the workpiece is cooled, for which it is preferably quenched in a medium. In this case, it is preferable to deep-freeze the workpiece over a cooling holding period, to a complete
- the cooling of the workpiece preferably takes place below the martensite start temperature MS and particularly preferably below the martensite finish temperature MF, which may be far below 0 ° C. Furthermore, a tempering of the workpiece preferably takes place over a start-up duration.
- the heat treatment is preferably carried out to such an extent that the austenite content of the workpiece to 6% or less.
- the heat treatment is particularly preferably such that the austenite content of the workpiece decreases to 3% or less, which is usually below a lower detection limit.
- the machine element is formed by a thermally plastically deformed workpiece, which has further undergone the above-described heat treatment to reduce the Austenitgehaltes.
- the machine element has a further increased sensitivity as the primary sensor for the measurement based on the inverse magnetostrictive effect.
- the machine element is preferably formed by a thermally plastically deformed workpiece whose austenite content is at most 6%; more preferably at most 3%.
- a plastically formed workpiece made of a steel is used as a machine element for transmitting a force and / or a moment, and as a primary sensor for measuring the force and / or moment based on the inverse-magnetostrictive principle.
- the workpiece or the machine element preferably also has the features which are described in connection with the arrangement according to the invention.
- the workpiece or the machine element is preferably manufactured according to the manufacturing steps described in connection with the arrangement according to the invention.
- Fig. 1 shows a first forging stage of a workpiece for a machine element to be used according to the invention in a cross-sectional view
- Fig. 2 shows a second forging stage of the workpiece shown in Fig. 1 in a
- FIG. 1 shows a workpiece for a machine element to be used according to the invention as a blank in a first forging stage in one
- Continuous casting provided as black steel, which was sheared at a temperature between 1150 ° C and 1180 ° C.
- the continuous casting example has a pipe diameter of 45 mm and was sheared to a length of 98 mm.
- Fig. 2 shows the workpiece shown in Fig. 1 in a second forging stage in a cross-sectional view. Compared with the forging stage shown in Fig. 1, the workpiece was plastically deformed by forging.
- Fig. 3 shows the workpiece shown in Fig. 1 in a third forging stage in a cross-sectional view.
- the workpiece has been continuously plastically deformed by forging, so that it has essentially been given the shape that characterizes it as a machine element for transmitting a force and / or torque. It can be done a post-processing of the still soft workpiece. Subsequently, a heat treatment is carried out, which includes hardening, freezing and tempering.
- the manufactured machine element serves, on the one hand, to transmit the force and / or the moment and, on the other hand, as a primary sensor for a measurement of the force or the moment based on the inverse-magnetostrictive effect.
- the machine element shown is a hollow flange which is permanently magnetized circumferentially for its function as a primary sensor.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015209319.0A DE102015209319B3 (de) | 2015-05-21 | 2015-05-21 | Anordnung und Verwendung eines Werkstückes aus einem Stahl zur Messung einer Kraft oder eines Momentes |
| PCT/DE2016/200212 WO2016184461A1 (de) | 2015-05-21 | 2016-05-04 | Anordnung und verwendung eines werkstückes aus einem stahl zur messung einer kraft oder eines momentes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3298369A1 true EP3298369A1 (de) | 2018-03-28 |
Family
ID=55974452
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16735813.4A Ceased EP3298369A1 (de) | 2015-05-21 | 2016-05-04 | Anordnung und verwendung eines werkstückes aus einem stahl zur messung einer kraft oder eines momentes |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20180149529A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3298369A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN107636435B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102015209319B3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2016184461A1 (de) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE68918978T2 (de) * | 1988-03-04 | 1995-03-02 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Magnetostriktiver Drehmomentwandler. |
| DE69936138T2 (de) * | 1998-04-23 | 2008-02-07 | Abas Inc., Chicago | Magnetischer kraftsensor und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
| DE102007017705A1 (de) * | 2007-04-14 | 2008-10-16 | Schaeffler Kg | Wellenanordnung mit einem Wälzlager |
| EP2216702A1 (de) * | 1997-10-21 | 2010-08-11 | Magna-Lastic Devices, Inc. | Manschettenloser Drehmomentsensor mit kreisförmiger Magnetisierung und dazugehöriges Messverfahren |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4896544A (en) * | 1986-12-05 | 1990-01-30 | Mag Dev Inc. | Magnetoelastic torque transducer |
| KR920010310B1 (ko) * | 1988-12-06 | 1992-11-26 | 미쯔비시덴끼 가부시끼가이샤 | 왜곡 검출 장치 |
| US5351555A (en) * | 1991-07-29 | 1994-10-04 | Magnetoelastic Devices, Inc. | Circularly magnetized non-contact torque sensor and method for measuring torque using same |
| JP2000241264A (ja) * | 1999-02-25 | 2000-09-08 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | トルクセンサ用磁歪素子及びその製造方法 |
| JP2004037240A (ja) * | 2002-07-03 | 2004-02-05 | Suzuki Motor Corp | 磁歪式トルクセンサシャフトおよびその製造方法 |
| DE102013211000A1 (de) * | 2013-06-13 | 2014-12-18 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Anordnungen und Verfahren zum Messen einer Kraft oder eines Momentes an einem Maschinenelement |
-
2015
- 2015-05-21 DE DE102015209319.0A patent/DE102015209319B3/de active Active
-
2016
- 2016-05-04 WO PCT/DE2016/200212 patent/WO2016184461A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2016-05-04 CN CN201680028861.8A patent/CN107636435B/zh active Active
- 2016-05-04 US US15/574,627 patent/US20180149529A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-05-04 EP EP16735813.4A patent/EP3298369A1/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE68918978T2 (de) * | 1988-03-04 | 1995-03-02 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Magnetostriktiver Drehmomentwandler. |
| EP2216702A1 (de) * | 1997-10-21 | 2010-08-11 | Magna-Lastic Devices, Inc. | Manschettenloser Drehmomentsensor mit kreisförmiger Magnetisierung und dazugehöriges Messverfahren |
| DE69936138T2 (de) * | 1998-04-23 | 2008-02-07 | Abas Inc., Chicago | Magnetischer kraftsensor und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
| DE102007017705A1 (de) * | 2007-04-14 | 2008-10-16 | Schaeffler Kg | Wellenanordnung mit einem Wälzlager |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO2016184461A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107636435A (zh) | 2018-01-26 |
| US20180149529A1 (en) | 2018-05-31 |
| CN107636435B (zh) | 2020-12-08 |
| DE102015209319B3 (de) | 2016-06-09 |
| WO2016184461A1 (de) | 2016-11-24 |
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Inventor name: NEUSCHAEFER-RUBE, STEPHAN Inventor name: MATYSIK, JAN Inventor name: DIRNBERGER, THOMAS Inventor name: SCHMITT, CHRISTIAN Inventor name: NEUBAUER, MARKUS |
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