EP3295563A1 - Kaskadierter resonator - Google Patents
Kaskadierter resonatorInfo
- Publication number
- EP3295563A1 EP3295563A1 EP16716853.3A EP16716853A EP3295563A1 EP 3295563 A1 EP3295563 A1 EP 3295563A1 EP 16716853 A EP16716853 A EP 16716853A EP 3295563 A1 EP3295563 A1 EP 3295563A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- resonator
- transducer
- interdigital
- interdigital transducers
- resonators
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/02535—Details of surface acoustic wave devices
- H03H9/02637—Details concerning reflective or coupling arrays
- H03H9/02685—Grating lines having particular arrangements
- H03H9/02724—Comb like grating lines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/125—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils
- H03H9/145—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils for networks using surface acoustic waves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/125—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils
- H03H9/145—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils for networks using surface acoustic waves
- H03H9/14544—Transducers of particular shape or position
- H03H9/1455—Transducers of particular shape or position constituted of N parallel or series transducers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/125—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils
- H03H9/145—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils for networks using surface acoustic waves
- H03H9/14544—Transducers of particular shape or position
- H03H9/14576—Transducers whereby only the last fingers have different characteristics with respect to the other fingers, e.g. different shape, thickness or material, split finger
- H03H9/14582—Transducers whereby only the last fingers have different characteristics with respect to the other fingers, e.g. different shape, thickness or material, split finger the last fingers having a different pitch
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/125—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils
- H03H9/145—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils for networks using surface acoustic waves
- H03H9/14544—Transducers of particular shape or position
- H03H9/14588—Horizontally-split transducers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/25—Constructional features of resonators using surface acoustic waves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/46—Filters
- H03H9/64—Filters using surface acoustic waves
- H03H9/6423—Means for obtaining a particular transfer characteristic
- H03H9/6433—Coupled resonator filters
- H03H9/6436—Coupled resonator filters having one acoustic track only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/46—Filters
- H03H9/64—Filters using surface acoustic waves
- H03H9/6423—Means for obtaining a particular transfer characteristic
- H03H9/6433—Coupled resonator filters
- H03H9/6483—Ladder SAW filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/46—Filters
- H03H9/64—Filters using surface acoustic waves
- H03H9/6489—Compensation of undesirable effects
Definitions
- Cascaded resonator The invention relates to a cascaded resonator, as can be used in particular for reactance filters, and reactance filters produced therefrom.
- filters are increasingly required with high performance and extreme slope.
- a high slope is important because the individual frequency bands must be cleanly separated from each other by the corresponding filters and often only little transition region between two frequency bands to be separated is available. If filters are used as TX filters, then in addition to the steepness and the cruverträg ⁇ sensitivity even a low insertion loss is important to minimize electrical and acoustic losses in the filter.
- Another requirement for filters is a high selection in the near range.
- DMS filters are preferred over reactance filters.
- TX filters transmission filters
- Reactance filters constructed from conventional single-port resonators are better performing.
- Reactance filters can be realized both with SAW and with BAW resonators, the latter being particularly
- the object of the present invention is to specify a SAW resonator suitable for use in a reactance filter with which a steep-sided passband filter with low insertion loss can be realized. This object is achieved by a resonator with the features of claim 1. advantageous
- the resonator according to the invention has an acoustic track, which is bounded on both sides by reflectors. In the acoustic track are two in the longitudinal direction
- Interdigital transducer arranged side by side.
- the two interdigital transducers are electrically connected in series between two connections.
- the finger period which is defined as the distance between the finger centers of adjacent transducer fingers or between the finger centers of adjacent reflector strips in the reflector, in relation to the finger period in the remaining transducer or
- the number n is small compared to the total number of transducer fingers of the interdigial transducer or reflector strips of the reflectors, but preferably applies: 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 10.
- the transition region can be arranged between two interdigital transducers or between an interdigital transducer and a reflector.
- the transition area can be terminal
- Resonant and anti-resonant frequency decreases the first local maximum above the resonant frequency. This also reduces the ripple in the filter pass band and also reduces the insertion loss, as the
- a transition region with increased finger period may be formed at both ends of two mutually longitudinally adjacent interdigital transducers. Likewise, the transition region may be formed at the end of an interdigital transducer pointing to a reflector and at the end of the reflector facing the transducer.
- the invention relates to a resonator with at least two interdigital transducers connected electrically in series. However, it can also be more than two electrically connected
- an electric gate of the Resonators form and thus represent the terminals of the resonator.
- Interdigital converter includes, these can also be interconnected partly in parallel and partly in series.
- the longitudinally arranged side by side in the acoustic track interdigital transducer can be of any, at least one series connection extensive wiring, wherein at least two interdigital transducers ⁇ are connected in parallel within the series connection.
- connecting fingers electrically connect opposite bus electrodes. These non-stimulating, hereinafter referred to as connecting fingers
- transducer fingers thus extend across the acoustic track.
- the non-stimulating connection fingers act as a reflector are preferably offset from that of the exciting electrode fingers.
- Connection fingers include, but may also be inserted as a separate reflector in the resonator.
- connection sequence of the transducer fingers of all interdigital transducers is applied so that the excitation function over the entire length of the resonator has no phase jump.
- Filter arrangements according to the invention can also be constructed from the resonators according to the invention, comprising resonators (series resonators) connected in series between the filter input and output and resonators (parallel resonators) connected in parallel to a fixed potential.
- a parallel resonator is formed at least according to the invention and has at least two inner ⁇ half of the acoustic track connected in series interdigital transducers which are arranged in the respective transition region between the two interdigital transducers or between the interdigital transducer and a reflector with increased finger period.
- series interdigital transducers which are arranged in the respective transition region between the two interdigital transducers or between the interdigital transducer and a reflector with increased finger period.
- the parallel resonators are designed accordingly.
- One or more or all series resonators can also have series-connected interdigital transducers.
- the parallel resonators in a filter arrangement according to the invention have, according to one embodiment of the invention, different resonance frequencies. At least the
- Parallel resonator with the highest resonance frequency has the series-connected interdigital transducers with inventively designed transition region. According to one embodiment of the invention is in the
- filter arrangement of said transition region of at least one resonator designed so that thereby increases the mutual distance of the interdigital transducer relative to the grid of the transducer fingers outside the transition region and thus results in a phase shift.
- the phase shift is chosen so that the signals of the two interdigital transducers overlap constructively. In any case, this is achieved when the angle phi of the phase shift satisfies the following equation: -90 ° -S phi ⁇ 90 °
- the static capacitance is reduced compared to a resonator which has only one interdigital transducer of the same number of fingers.
- Figure 1 shows a resonator with two longitudinally interdigitated in the acoustic track in series interdigital transducers
- Figure 2 is an exemplary finger grid two
- Interdigital transducer in the transition region shows a resonator with three longitudinally series-connected interdigital transducers
- FIG. 4 shows a resonator with two interdigital transducers connected longitudinally in series with the aid of connecting fingers that electrically bridge the acoustic track
- FIG. 5 shows a resonator with seven interdigital transducers electrically connected in part serially and partly in parallel
- FIG. 6 shows the conductance of a resonator according to the invention in comparison with resonators not according to the invention
- FIG. 7 shows the admittance of a resonator according to the invention in comparison with the admittance of resonators not according to the invention
- FIG. 9 shows an exemplary filter arrangement in which
- Figure 10 shows various properties according to the invention
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the metallization structure of a resonator RES according to the invention. Within an acoustic track are between a first
- Reflector REF1 and a second reflector REF2 a first interdigital transducer Wl and a second interdigital transducer W2 arranged and electrically connected in series between a first and a second terminal Tl, T2. Both the reflectors REF and the transducers W are for the sake of clarity with a greatly reduced number of
- Transducer or electrode fingers shown. Also not shown in the figure, the transition areas are at least between the two electrically interconnected
- Interdigital transducers Wl and W2 it is a resonator according to the invention, in which the finger period p is increased in the transition region with respect to the remaining transducer region.
- Figure 2 shows a section of the finger structure of a resonator according to the invention in the transition region between a first interdigital transducer Wl and a second
- Interdigital transducer W2 The transition region here extends over both mutually facing ends of the adjacent and electrically interconnected converter Wl, W2.
- the transition region comprises terminal electrode fingers of both adjacent interdigital transducers.
- the terminal transducer fingers of a transducer form a
- each of the two edge regions RB1, RB2 each comprise four electrode fingers.
- the Transition region here comprises both edge regions RB1, RB2 and thus has eight electrode fingers.
- the entire transition region comprises two edge regions, a different number of
- a transition region can also be formed between a transducer W and a reflector REF, which comprises terminal electrode fingers and / or terminal reflector fingers which have an increased finger period in the transition region.
- the finger period PI it is not necessary for the finger period PI to have a constant value in the transition region. It is possible, individual
- Finger period PI is selected in the transition region greater than the finger period PO in the remaining area of the respective
- FIG. 3 shows the metallization structure of a resonator according to the invention, in which a first interdigital transducer W1, a second interdigital transducer W2 and a third one
- Interdigital transducer W3 between two electrical connections longitudinally within the acoustic track in series
- each two adjacent interdigital transducer W takes place via a floating Bus electrode z.
- Reflectors REF1 and REF2 showing the acoustic track
- Limit both sides can be electrically floating, but are preferably connected to fixed potential and in particular to ground.
- the respective reflector can be electrically connected to this ground electrode.
- Transition regions according to the invention are formed between in each case two adjacent interdigital transducers and, in addition, can still be located in the transition region between the terminal interdigital transducers and the adjacent ones
- FIG. 4 shows the metallization structure of a further exemplary embodiment, in which a first and a second interdigital transducer are electrically connected in series between two terminals in the longitudinal direction.
- Interdigital transducer takes place via at least one
- Connection finger VF which electrically connects two opposing bus electrodes across the acoustic track. Again, the transition region between the first and second interdigital transducer with increased finger period is formed.
- the connecting finger or fingers VF is / are here part of the finger structure that elevated the
- connection finger VF The electrical interconnection of two adjacent interdigital transducers W can also comprise more than one connection finger VF.
- connection fingers VF shown.
- the boundaries are between
- FIG. 5 shows the metallization structure of a further resonator according to the invention, in which a total of seven
- Interdigital transducers are electrically interconnected.
- a first interdigital transducer Wl is connected directly between the first and second terminals T1, T2. Furthermore, between the two terminals Tl, T2 a first
- Interdigital transducer W2 ⁇ , W3 ⁇ and W4 ⁇ is also connected between the two electrical terminals Tl, T2. This results in a parallel connection of first and second series connection and the first interdigital transducer Wl.
- Such an embodiment has the advantage that here the static capacitance of the resonator can be set particularly fine. Another advantage is that a
- Excitation profile can be set, which is the
- the resonator can also have similar and not necessarily symmetrically formed subcircuits of series and parallel interconnections of interdigital transducers.
- Finger period between adjacent or even between interdigital transducers of the same acoustic track may be the same or slightly different.
- inventive resonators applies that they are even better suited for steep-edged filter by parallel connection with a capacity.
- a capacity can, for example, by a
- Interdigital converter can be realized, which has a deviating from the resonator and in particular smaller finger period.
- the used as a capacitance connected parallel to the resonator interdigital transducer can be arranged in longitudinal extension to the resonator. However, it is also possible to arrange it offset to the acoustic track and in particular vertically thereto, so that, where appropriate, in this transducer acting as a capacitance, acoustic waves experience a propagation direction rotated by 90 ° relative to the resonator.
- Figure 6 shows three different types of curves for
- Interdigital transducer without modification in the transition region are determined.
- the curves with the index 3 relate to an interdigital transducer with transversal cascading.
- the curves AI to A3 represent the real part of
- the curves K1 to K3 show the course of the conductance over the frequency for the entire resonator, ie the complete acoustic track including reflectors. The most noticeable is in the Konduktanzkurve Kl for a resonator according to the invention that the secondary maximum is reduced above the main maximum and closer to the main maximum than that of the curve K2, which a resonator without modification in
- the set of curves for the short-circuit reflection R shows that the upper stop band edge shifts from R3 via R2 towards Rl towards lower frequencies, ie closer to the maximum of the conductance. Above the upper stop band edge, the filter becomes permeable again, which is shown in all curves R at a local minimum.
- FIG. 7 shows the real part of the resonator admittance on the basis of three curves AI, A2, A2 ⁇ .
- A2 and A2 ⁇ represent the admittance of a resonator with longitudinal
- the curve A2 ⁇ is identical to the curve A2, but shifted from A2 by -2393 ppm, so that it is scaled to the curve AI arranged to push the main maxima on top of each other and to allow a better comparison of the curve.
- the secondary maximum lying above the main maximum in the curve AI ie in a
- FIG. 8 shows how in the invention
- Metallization ratio n in the transition region can be modified.
- Finger period P is increased in the two reflectors REF1 and REF2 compared to the interdigital transducers.
- the metallization ratio which is a measure of the proportion of metallized surface area along the longitudinal x-axis, assumes the same values in the reflector and in the interior of the transducer.
- the situation is different in the transition regions at the boundary between the first reflector REF1 and the first
- Finger period P and metallization ratio n greatly increased.
- the finger period fluctuates between one
- the metallization ratio n varies between a value of 0.550 in the reflector and inside the interdigital transducers and a maximum of 0.575 in the center of the transition region. That in FIG. 8
- illustrated embodiment indicates the course of P and n in the transition areas a steady behavior. This means that the values increase continuously toward the middle of the transition range and then decrease again continuously. This course is set almost identical in this embodiment in all transition areas.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of a possible construction of a reactance filter which has a resonator according to the invention, at least in a parallel resonator.
- the illustrated reactance filter consists of a serial branch ZS, which is connected between a first terminal Tl and a second terminal T2.
- three resonators RS are connected in series, a first serial resonator RS1, a second serial resonator RS2 and a third serial resonator RS3.
- Serial branch ZS are two parallel branches ZP1 and ZP2 connected, in each of which a parallel resonator RP1, RP2 is arranged.
- the parallel branches connect the serial branch ZS to a fixed potential, usually to ground.
- the resonant frequencies can be slightly shifted in each other in all resonators, resulting in a widening of the passband.
- the parallel resonator RP with the highest resonance frequency undergoes in the illustrated
- this parallel resonator is therefore designed according to the invention, which has the highest resonance frequency.
- FIG. 10 two types of curves are again superimposed in a common representation, showing the different properties of resonators according to the invention and FIG. 10
- Show reactors produced according to the invention resonators. Shown are the real part RA and the amount BA of the admittance of resonators according to the invention.
- the advantages of the invention whose curves RA and BA are marked with the index 1, are clear by comparison with the corresponding curves of resonators according to the invention or with filters without resonators according to the invention, whose curves RA and BA are marked with the index 2.
- a third pair of curves TF1, TF2 indicates the transfer function of a reactance filter formed, for example, as in FIG. 9, in which a parallel resonator is designed according to the invention.
- a significant advantage of the invention is immediately apparent when comparing the two transfer functions TF1, TF2.
- TF1 for the filter according to the invention is a small ripple in the passband, which is visible only in non-inventive filter and leads to a small break in the passband, completely balanced and smoothed.
- the invention could be illustrated only by means of a few embodiments and is therefore not limited to these. Further variation possibilities arise in particular with regard to the number and size of the interconnected interdigital converters or the number of electrode fingers in the Interdigital transducers, which may be different for individual interdigital transducers. Another variation possibility arises in the form of different interconnection options, which are not limited to the interconnection options shown in Figures 1 to 5. Both the overlap length, which is a measure of the
- Resonators according to the invention can be used in reactance filters which are of the type shown in FIG.
- Reactance filter differ.
- a larger number of parallel branches ZP a larger number or a smaller number of serial resonators RS or a different sequence of serial resonators and
- a reactance filter can be formed entirely from SAW resonators and is designed according to the invention in at least one resonator in the transition region according to the invention. It is also possible, however, for individuals
- Resonators different types to use. Furthermore, it is possible to modify both individual resonators and the entire filter by further passive switching elements, for example those already mentioned
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Surface Acoustic Wave Elements And Circuit Networks Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015107231.9A DE102015107231B4 (de) | 2015-05-08 | 2015-05-08 | Kaskadierter Resonator |
| PCT/EP2016/058127 WO2016180593A1 (de) | 2015-05-08 | 2016-04-13 | Kaskadierter resonator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3295563A1 true EP3295563A1 (de) | 2018-03-21 |
Family
ID=55755581
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16716853.3A Withdrawn EP3295563A1 (de) | 2015-05-08 | 2016-04-13 | Kaskadierter resonator |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10547284B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3295563A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2018515041A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN107624221B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102015107231B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2016180593A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017120304A1 (de) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-03-07 | RF360 Europe GmbH | Elektroakustischer Resonator mit erhöhter Leistungsbeständigkeit und verbesserter Linearität, HF-Filter und Multiplexer |
| DE102019103490A1 (de) * | 2018-12-07 | 2020-06-10 | RF360 Europe GmbH | Mikroakustischer Kondensator |
| CN110580893B (zh) * | 2019-09-29 | 2023-05-09 | 西北工业大学 | 一种级联式压电陶瓷水声换能器 |
| CN115004550A (zh) * | 2020-01-24 | 2022-09-02 | 株式会社村田制作所 | 滤波器装置、多工器、高频前端电路以及通信装置 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3600710A (en) * | 1968-08-12 | 1971-08-17 | Zenith Radio Corp | Acoustic surface wave filter |
| US4223284A (en) * | 1977-11-07 | 1980-09-16 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Acoustic surface wave device |
| US5363074A (en) * | 1992-10-19 | 1994-11-08 | Motorola, Inc. | Saw structure having serially coupled transducers with overlapping fingers |
| JPH098598A (ja) * | 1995-06-15 | 1997-01-10 | Toyo Commun Equip Co Ltd | 弾性表面波フィルタ |
| US6801100B2 (en) * | 1996-05-23 | 2004-10-05 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Inter-digital transducer, surface acoustic wave filter and communication apparatus using the same |
| US6972643B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2005-12-06 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Surface acoustic wave filter |
| DE10213277A1 (de) * | 2002-03-25 | 2003-10-16 | Epcos Ag | Multiport-Resonatorfilter |
| JP4049034B2 (ja) * | 2002-08-22 | 2008-02-20 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 弾性表面波フィルタ、通信装置 |
| US7112912B2 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2006-09-26 | Tdk Corporation | Surface acoustic wave device and branching filter |
| JP4059152B2 (ja) | 2002-10-16 | 2008-03-12 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 弾性表面波共振子 |
| US7482895B2 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2009-01-27 | Panasonic Corporation | Surface acoustic wave filter |
| JP4687462B2 (ja) * | 2003-11-21 | 2011-05-25 | パナソニック株式会社 | Sawフィルタ |
| JP4053038B2 (ja) * | 2004-10-28 | 2008-02-27 | Tdk株式会社 | 弾性表面波装置 |
| US7619347B1 (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2009-11-17 | Rf Micro Devices, Inc. | Layer acoustic wave device and method of making the same |
-
2015
- 2015-05-08 DE DE102015107231.9A patent/DE102015107231B4/de active Active
-
2016
- 2016-04-13 US US15/572,130 patent/US10547284B2/en active Active
- 2016-04-13 JP JP2017557930A patent/JP2018515041A/ja active Pending
- 2016-04-13 CN CN201680022232.4A patent/CN107624221B/zh active Active
- 2016-04-13 WO PCT/EP2016/058127 patent/WO2016180593A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2016-04-13 EP EP16716853.3A patent/EP3295563A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2018515041A (ja) | 2018-06-07 |
| US10547284B2 (en) | 2020-01-28 |
| CN107624221A (zh) | 2018-01-23 |
| US20180123564A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
| WO2016180593A1 (de) | 2016-11-17 |
| DE102015107231B4 (de) | 2021-09-16 |
| DE102015107231A1 (de) | 2016-11-10 |
| CN107624221B (zh) | 2021-06-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20171128 |
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