EP3294512A1

EP3294512A1 - Apparatus and method for continuous prouction of materials

Info

Publication number: EP3294512A1
Application number: EP16722200.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Reto PATTIS; Helmut Bauser
Original assignee: Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Current assignee: Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Priority date: 2015-05-11
Filing date: 2016-05-11
Publication date: 2018-03-21
Anticipated expiration: 2036-05-11
Also published as: EP3294512B1; US20180141234A1; CN107580539B; CN107580539A; US10967538B2; WO2016180886A1; DE102015107374A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus and to a method for continuous production of materials, preferably for the production of material panels from substantially non-metallic material, comprising a continuous furnace (1) for continuous heating of material (3) on a continuously circulating conveyor belt (10) and a press (2) connected downstream in the production direction (15), wherein the continuous furnace (1) has a plurality of magnetrons (4) for producing electromagnetic waves wherein the continuous furnace has hollow conductors (5) having discharge openings (6) for feeding the waves into a radiation chamber (14). The problem addressed by the invention is that of enabling a reaction to various modes of operation for the continuous furnace and in particular that of heating the material used in an optimal manner for later compression. According to the invention a control or regulating device (17) is arranged for controlling individual or grouped magnetrons (4), in order to operate the magnetrons using different powers (L) in order to create a differentiated power profile, preferably in and/or transversely with respect to the production direction (15). (1491)

Description

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS MANUFACTURE OF MATERIALS

The invention relates to a device for the continuous production of materials, preferably for the production of material plates of substantially non-metallic material, according to the preamble of claim 1.
The invention further relates to a process for the continuous production of materials, preferably for the production of material plates of substantially non-metallic material, according to the preamble of claim 16.
The compression of comminuted or open-digested biomass, wood or wood-like materials to material plates is known. Examples of such material panels are MDF panels of medium density fibers, oriented chipboard (OSB), veneer panels (LVL, OSL), fiber insulation panels / mats or the like. To increase the production capacity of continuously operating presses, it is also known to heat the material scattered to a web or strand with suitable devices prior to entry into the press. Due to the higher heat at the beginning of the compression, the press requires less time to heat the fleece. Accordingly, the press can be made shorter or operated faster. Hot air or steam preheating or the use of high-frequency radiation (HF, MW) for preheating in microwave continuous furnaces, referred to below as the continuous flow furnace, have proven successful. The physical principle is based on the conversion of electromagnetic energy into heat energy in the absorption of microwaves by the material to be heated.
WO 2005 046 950 A1 has disclosed a particle or chipboard and a method for its production. This particle plate consists of at least three layers, the outer layers are made of fine material, whereas the middle layer consists of coarser material. In order to save a maximum amount of material, it is intended to produce the plate basically with low material content, only a higher proportion of material to be scattered at the points of the plate, which is later required for the incorporation of fittings or fasteners to compounds to make with other parts. For this purpose, it is proposed to continuously scatter a higher proportion of material on the forming belt or on the already existing lower cover layer in the longitudinal direction or in the production direction of the pressed product mat in order to obtain in the production direction spaced tracks with higher material input of Pressgutmatte after manufacturing have a uniform in length and width plate, a higher density. In addition, by at least one transversely movable to the production direction nozzle at certain points, preferably in the transverse direction stain similar additional material are applied. This serves to obtain from a split strand of strand particleboard having a higher density for mounting fittings or fasteners but using less material and density in the area.
In the production of the nonwoven, a basis weight profile is produced across the width or length of the nonwoven, which of course can also generate different nonwoven heights in consequence. In this case, the density (at different heights) does not necessarily have to be different. If, however, the nonwoven is pressed uniformly across the width, or passes through a press nip which is uniform across the width, it will have different densities due to the different basis weights.
In addition to the problems in the production of a nonwoven fabric difficulties have shown in the compression of a nonwoven with different basis weights. In particular, it is problematic that a continuously operating press with rotating steel belts tends to steel belt run, as different pressures over length and width on the steel bands and possibly. Act on the rolling support. On the other hand, problems arise in the heat transfer from the hot steel strips in the nonwoven, because the different dense areas in the uniform press nip of the web also behave differently in terms of heat transfer. It has been shown that, despite the average lower density, a pressed material mat with a differentiated density profile over the length and / or width requires just as long to cure, as in the case of a press material mat without density sinks.
Even if the problem of the steel strip course does not occur in the first instance in a cycle press, the disadvantage here is that the pressing must take so long until the material plate has completely set in all areas.
A method and a device for heating a nonwoven in front of a press is known from EP 2 247 418 B1. In this disclosure, it is proposed that 20 to 300 microwave generators with a magnetron power of 3 to 50 kW and a frequency range of 2400 - 2500 MHz are to be arranged in a continuous furnace per press surface side. The large number of generators and the frequency used, which are necessary for the device and the method advantageously result in a small size of the radiation openings in the boiler room at the microwave frequency used. The disclosure teaches the skilled person only that a plurality of microwave generators are used with the same power and should be controlled accordingly evenly.
The apparatus and method described in this patent have been proven in industrial use, but can be further improved for industrial application.
It is also generally known to homogenize the microwaves within a heating chamber, hereinafter called radiation space, by means of suitable devices. Such devices are for example metallic rotary blades. Alternatively, the material to be heated can stand on rotating turntables. Even in a continuous furnace charged with several microwave generators, hereafter called magnetrons, such a homogenization of the radiation within the radiation space may be useful, even if the material to be heated is continuously guided by a conveyor belt through the radiation space.
Details regarding safety-relevant embodiments or other embodiments of the lock technology of the continuous furnace for introducing and discharging the material are described in further prior art and are not the subject of the present invention.
In the above-mentioned prior art, a plurality of magnetrons are used to produce the necessary heating of the material. The effort seems justified, since the material can be warmed through without introducing moisture into the material, as would be the case for example with the use of steam. The higher energy input and the associated costs pay off due to the lower specific energy consumption per unit of the end product.
A disadvantage of the above-mentioned prior art, for example, that in case of failure of one or more magnetrons, the operation must be interrupted because the material is heated unevenly.
The above device also has the disadvantage that no width adjustment is provided, since it is assumed that in addition to the loss of radiation in the absorbers, the radiation is predominantly and substantially evenly absorbed in the material.
Next, the above device has the disadvantage that different material widths and heights can be driven by the proposed width and height adjustment of the locks easily in and out of the continuous furnace, but at narrow widths and at the same time large volume of the material, the power loss of the continuous furnace is disproportionate is high.
The object of the present invention is to develop the device and the method so that the disadvantages described above can be avoided. In particular, it should be possible with the continuous furnace to heat different high and / or wide strands of materials optimally and to avoid unnecessary power loss. In an extension of the task, the probability of failure of the device is to be reduced by an emergency program in case of failure of one or a few magnetrons is established.
The invention is based on a device for the continuous production of materials, preferably for the production of material plates of substantially non-metallic material, comprising at least one continuous furnace for the continuous heating of material on an endlessly circulating conveyor belt and further comprises a downstream in the production direction press, wherein the continuous furnace has a plurality of magnetrons for generating electromagnetic waves and waveguides with outlet openings for feeding the waves into a radiation space.
According to the invention, the stated object is achieved for the device in that a control or regulating device is arranged for controlling individual or grouped magnetrons in order to operate them with different powers for producing a differentiated power profile, preferably in and / or transversely to the production direction.
The invention has recognized that, depending on the application and the embodiment of the device, it may be appropriate to arrange only one track or row of outlet openings at an angle, along and / or transversely to the production direction. The material is preferably present as an endless strand on the conveyor belt and has two surface sides, wherein one of these surface sides rests on the conveyor belt and has at least two edges in the production direction.
The expert has hitherto assumed, as described in the prior art, that the electromagnetic radiation spreads more or less evenly after exiting the waveguide in the radiation space. However, a targeted irradiation of the (fanned out) primary waves (after the exit without reflection) into the material leads to a relatively concentrated local heating. Unabsorbed radiation is eventually deflected or reflected and either absorbed as a secondary wave somewhere in the material or captured by the absorbers.
It is preferably provided that the outlet openings of the waveguide are arranged in at least one substantially parallel plane to the conveyor belt. There may be several levels provided with different distances to the material.
In addition to circular waveguides, rectangular and / or oval waveguides are preferably arranged.
In addition to the simplest variant, arrangement of a number of outlet openings above the material in any arrangement, transverse, longitudinal, diagonal, with a large number of magnetrons, the corresponding outlet openings along and across the production direction in rows R n , R n + 1 and traces S n , S n + 1 can be arranged.
In a staggered arrangement of the outlet openings in the production direction, the surfaces of the outlet openings of the adjacent tracks S n , S n + 1 spaced along the production direction, are arranged adjacent or overlapping. For uniform or targeted heating, it is advisable to arrange as many tracks as possible (parallel to the production direction). In this sense, it may make sense that successive rows have staggered exit openings, so that two or more rows could each define its own trace group.
Preferably, the control or regulating device, starting from the material and / or the product to be produced suitably retrieve given power profiles and set in a continuous furnace. The industrial production plants in question are usually suitable for producing a variety of different products as well as different sizes of a single product. In that regard, it is advantageous if the operator or an automated detection of the incoming material via a control or regulating device can specify a retrievable default setting of the magnetrons.
At least one measuring device for testing the material and / or the product can be arranged in operative connection with the control or regulating device for controlling or regulating the power of the magnetrons or the power profile. It is particularly advantageous if the measuring device has sections over the width, particularly preferably in the same tracks as the continuous furnace magnetrons / outlet openings, is adjustable. Additionally or alternatively, further preceding devices of the production facility or the control station of the plant can be arranged in operative connection with the control or regulating device for controlling or regulating the power of the magnetrons or the power profile.
Preferably, the measuring device will lift before and after the continuous furnace on the basis weight, the density, the humidity, the temperature, the volume and / or the position of the material on the conveyor belt. The same or similar parameters are measured by the measuring device after the press. Each existing measuring device transmits the measured values to the control or regulating device for automated comparison of the actual values with the predetermined desired values. Especially the temperature difference T before and after the continuous furnace of importance, which in particular also differentiated across the width at different heights and / or basis weights
As known from the prior art, the material can change its size and in particular its position on the conveyor belt, wherein so far only the lock technology at the inlet and at the outlet of the continuous furnace have been controlled. With the device according to the invention, an influence on the existing magnetrons can now be taken even with a relatively narrow arranged on the conveyor belt material by, for example, operated only the magnetrons above the material. The magnetrons, under whose outlet openings no material is transported, are switched off. As a result of the course of the material on the conveyor belt or a progression of the conveyor belt itself, possibly outside tracks of the magnetrons are automatically switched off or on.
In the case of an existing performance profile, however, it will also be necessary to shift it by the corresponding number of tracks according to the position of the material.
Particularly preferred are magnetrons with a power of 0.5 to 20 kW, preferably used up to 6 kW.
A passive and / or active distribution means for the electromagnetic waves can be arranged in the radiation space. Such a distribution means is known as a wobbler (engl.) In the art and usually a sheet of geometric shape, which is arranged in an active version movable (rotatable).
When arranging such a distribution means, it is particularly preferred that means for activating or deactivating the distribution means are arranged in the continuous furnace. By way of example, these means may be suitable for covering or removing the distribution medium from the radiation chamber.
Particularly preferably, the drive, or its control, of the conveyor belt or a measuring device for the speed of the forming belt be arranged in operative connection with the control and regulating device. This should be used to perform a balance between the power clocking and / or the use timing of the magnetrons versus the feed of the material. It should be avoided that caused by the intermittent operation of the magnetron local overheating or insufficiently heated areas in the material.
In order to adapt the continuous furnace to different widths and / or varying position of the material on the conveyor belt, the magnetrons of the tracks arranged outside the material can be correspondingly arranged to be reducible or switchable in their power.
The solution of the stated problem for a method is that the magnetrons are individually or grouped controlled with different powers to operate them with a differentiated power profile, preferably in and / or transverse to the production direction.
Preferably, the magnetrons are driven by a control or regulating device. This is particularly suitable for retrieving and setting predefined power profiles based on the material and / or the product to be produced.
Preferably, the material and / or the product can be checked by means of at least one measuring device, preferably in sections longitudinally and / or transversely, and the corresponding measured values of the control or regulating device for controlling or regulating the magnetrons or the power profile can be transmitted.
When setting a power profile or differentiated powers of different magnetrons, a passive and / or active distribution means for the electromagnetic waves in the radiation space can be deactivated during the heating of the material. This deactivation can be carried out, for example, by covering or by moving out of the radiation space.
It may be advantageous in the subsequent compression of the material, if transverse to the production direction, a power profile of the magnetrons is adjusted so that sets a higher temperature of the material, starting from the edges to the longitudinal center line of the material. This is particularly desirable when due to the material, the binder, the moisture in or on the material forms a flow during the pressing, which is directed towards the narrow sides of the material. In this case, the material is additionally heated by the heated fluid flow in the vicinity of the edges. It can now cause the edges of the material to overheat on a uniformly heated material. To avoid this, the edges are heated less strongly.
It may be advantageous in the case of a material with a different basis weight profile across the width, alternatively or in combination, if a power profile of the magnetrons is introduced transversely to the production direction, which takes into account the different grammage profile. In this case, the areas of different basis weight are subjected to different powers of the electromagnetic waves or the magnetrons of the overlying outlet openings are operated with different powers.
Alternatively or in combination it can be provided that when using wood or wood-like material with a different basis weight profile across the width of the magnetrons are operated with outlet openings substantially above the higher basis weight with a higher power than the magnetrons with outlet openings above the areas of a lower basis weight.
Alternatively or in combination, in an arrangement of several rows of magnetrons in the production direction in case of failure of a magnetron and its energy input into the material one or more other magnetrons of the associated and / or adjacent tracks by increasing their performance compensate for the failure. If the magnetrons or the continuous furnace are already operated with the maximum possible power, then by switching off the whole series of failures is compensated insofar that the speed of the conveyor belt is reduced accordingly. Thus, it does not lead to undesirable results in the preheating, such as heat or local heating too low.
It may also be advantageous if, with different widths of the material and / or a varying position of the material on the conveyor belt, at least one track on the edge, ie the outside of the track, is correspondingly reduced or switched off in its power.
Alternatively or in combination, in order to increase the redundancy of the device further magnetrons, preferably entire rows (Rx) of magnetrons, may be arranged which are not used in regular operation and can be connected in the event of the failure of a magnetron.
Alternatively or in combination, the control or regulating device is suitable for detecting via a monitoring or detection on the magnetrons or their power consumption, whether the function is guaranteed and will automatically switch on further magnetrons with the necessary power, if not.
The control or regulating device is suitable for applying local surface weight increases, in particular surface weight increases occurring transversely to the production direction, in the material via a path / time tracking in the radiation space with a higher power and to control the magnetrons in a corresponding temporal and geometric arrangement.
The device is suitable for carrying out the method but also independently operable.
Reference to the accompanying drawings, details and embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail.
In the drawings shows:
1 schematic side view (top) and an associated schematic plan view (bottom) of a device with a guided in the direction of production through a continuous furnace and a double belt press strand of material,
2 is a plan view of the lid of the radiation space of the continuous furnace with an exemplary arrangement of the waveguide,
Fig. 3 shows a section X3 in the production direction of Figure 2 through the radiation space and
4 shows an exemplary representation of a power profile for producing a material plate made of lignocellulosic material and corresponding edge deactivation of the outer rows of magnetrons.
Figure 1 shows above a schematic side view and below an associated schematic plan view of a device with a production direction 15 through a continuous furnace 1 and a continuously operating press 2 with two endlessly rotating and the strand-like material 3 by the press 2 pulling steel strips. The material 3 is transported on a conveyor belt 10 from the left through the continuous furnace 1, there heated in a radiation space 14, passed the press 2 and there pressed into a product 8 and cured.
Depending on the embodiment of the device can be arranged for a higher efficiency not only from an upper or lower surface side of a radiation chamber 14, but also from the other surface side a radiation chamber 14 ', the material 3 to apply microwaves. This may be necessary in particular if, due to the lack of penetration of the microwaves from one side, the material 3 can not sufficiently heat through or if the power for heating purposes is to be increased. The continuous furnace 1 has around the radiation space 14 in addition to a shielding housing 11 nor absorber 12, the inlet and outlet side absorb excess microwaves and prevent the leakage of microwaves from the continuous furnace 1 in addition to the only indicated there locks. To adapt to different heights and widths of the continuous material 3, the locks and / or the absorber 12 are height and / or width adjustable.
The device according to the invention has a control or regulating device 17 which is capable of controlling the majority of magnetrons 4 for the production of microwaves in their power. In particular, it is provided that the control or regulating device 17 can control individual or grouped magnetrons 4. Preferably, the control or regulating device 17 is in operative connection with a storage device and / or a computing unit that already contains prescriptions or predetermined frame data for setting the continuous furnace 1 or the magnetrons 4. In particular, calculation bases can be stored here on the basis of which the control or regulating device 17, in conjunction with inputs of the operating personnel with respect to the type of material 3 and / or the product 8 to be produced, realizes proposals or settings with which the continuous furnace 1 in conjunction with the following Press 2 can work in an optimal and harmless for the material 3 area.
In an alternative or combining embodiment 15 measuring devices 16 can be arranged in front of the continuous furnace 1, measuring devices 18 after the continuous furnace 1 and in front of the press 2 for the material 3 in the production direction. Alternatively or in combination, it may be provided to arrange a measuring device 20 for the product 8 at the outlet of the press 2. All these mentioned or possibly further measuring devices have in common that they are in operative connection with the control or regulating device 17 and can transmit their measurement results to them. These measurements are the basis for control or regulating algorithms and causes in the control or regulating device 17 the generation and transmission of corresponding control commands to the continuous furnace 1 or the magnetrons 4 arranged there.
Alternatively or in combination, further preceding devices of the production site or the control station of the installation for transmitting data may be in operative connection with the control or regulating device 17.
These measuring devices 16, 18, 20 may preferably be suitable for making measurements in sections over the width 19 of the material 3 or of the product 8.
As can be seen further from FIG. 1, the material 3 is applied to the conveyor belt 10 in a height which is small relative to the width 19. Preferably, the material 3 is pressed in this width 19 in the subsequent press 2 to the product 8. The material 3 is therefore preferably strand-shaped, has an upper and a lower surface side, wherein a surface side rests on the conveyor belt 10 and forms two edges 7. The position of the edges 7 on the conveyor belt 10 is known to vary, in particular by the belt during the task of the material 3 on the conveyor belt 10, by changes in the trimming or product conversion. Also, the later band profile in the area of the continuous furnace 1 can lead to the fact that the conveyor belt 10 is not always guided in the same position through the continuous furnace 1.
Figure 2 shows a plan view in the production direction 15 from bottom to top on the cover 22 of the radiation space 14 in a section X2-X2 of Figure 3. Figure 3 shows the corresponding view of a section X3-X3 through the radiation space 14 of Figure 2, wherein the Production direction 15 is directed to the drawing plane.
The combination of the two FIGS. 2 and 3 results in the following embodiment of the radiation space 14. The magnetrons 4 are preferably arranged separately in a cabinet 13 and laterally of the radiation space 14 for better accessibility, in particular for maintenance or replacement purposes. The cabinet 13 has openings through which the waveguides 5 connected to the magnetrons 4 guide the microwaves to the radiation space 14 and enter them there via the outlet openings 6, corresponding to openings in the lid 22 into the radiation space 14. In the plan view, it can be seen that the outlet openings 6 are arranged in several rows R (R n , R n + 1 ) transversely to the production direction 15 and tracks S (S n , S n + 1 ) along the production direction 15.
The manner of arrangement of the outlet openings 6 on the radiation space 14 is dependent on the use of the continuous furnace 1, the frequency of the microwave radiation, which has an influence on the size of the waveguide 5 and thus on the outlet openings 6, and in particular of the It may therefore be possible to use only a small number of magnetrons 4, wherein at least two must be arranged. These then form a row in any direction. Preferably, however, it is provided that at least a plurality of magnetrons 4 are arranged in a row R and can be controlled by means of the control or regulating device 17 with a differentiated power profile 9. Already a row R, if necessary not necessarily transverse but angular (except parallel) to the production direction allows the differentiated heating of the material 3 across the width 19.
In particular, with a corresponding arrangement and / or orientation of the outlet openings 6 of the waveguide 5, a differentiated heating profile in the material 3 or a differentiated power profile 9 of the magnetrons 4 can be controlled. The possibilities are manifold.
According to FIG. 3, a second radiation space 14 'can be provided, the first radiation space 14 being arranged opposite to the material 3 and thus below the conveyor belt 10. This can preferably have the same configuration of magnetrons / waveguides / outlet openings as the radiation space 14. The material 3 to be heated here has a predetermined width 19 and lies on the moving through the continuous furnace 1 conveyor belt 10. The material 3 is formed substantially strand-shaped has two surface sides and one edge 7 each.
Use of a single track S with one outlet opening 6 per row R:
This results in the possibility of driving the material 3 in the production direction 15 with differentiated powers L, for example an increasing power step (R 1 = 20%, R 2 = 40%, R 3 = 60%, R 4 = 80%, R 5 = 100) % at least 5 rows). This can be advantageous if the material 3 is, for example, undercooled or frozen and, if necessary, subjected to water. Alternatively, the power staircase can also be used the other way around, if first a strong heating and then a homogenization of the heat in the material 3 with lower microwave strength should be supported.
Use of a single row R, each with one outlet opening 6 per lane S:
This results in the possibility of driving the material 3 transversely to the production direction 15 with differentiated powers L, for example a rise rising from the edge 7 of the material 3 towards the longitudinal center line 21 (S 1 = 25%, S 2 = 50%, S 3 = 75%). , S 4 = 50%, S 5 = 25% with at least 5 tracks). As already stated above, the possibilities are manifold and not all exhaustive.
Using a plurality of rows R n , R n + 1 with exit opening 6 and a plurality of tracks S n , S n + 1 of FIG. 2:
It is possible to set very complex performance profiles L in and across the production direction. Thus, in a 3D view, a three-dimensional power profile is obtained by setting different powers in different magnetrons 4. In particular, the space-time component and the degree of heating together with the throughput speed during heating or in the control or regulating device 17 would also be suitable for optimized heating consider.
In a simple embodiment according to FIG. 4 for a power profile 9, as shown in FIG. 3, a material 3 of a width 19 is conveyed through the radiation space 14. According to Figure 4 and 2, the number of tracks S is equal to 16. By the ability to control all magnetrons 4 individually or in groups, now the magnetrons 4, with the outlet openings 6 of the tracks S 1 , S 2 left and S 15 , S 16 are on the right in operative connection, deactivated and have a power L = 0%, since they are located directly above an area that is not occupied by the material 3. So that the edge region of the material 3 is only slightly heated, the magnetrons 4 of the tracks S 3 , S 4 left and S 13 , S 14 right of the outlet openings 6, which are arranged on the edge 7 of the material 3, with only half the power required L = 40% operated. The lying further inwardly to the longitudinal center line 21 areas of the material 3 are applied with a power L = 80% of the magnetrons and heated accordingly. For this simple application, the subsequent rows Rn + 1 can correspondingly map the same power profile 9 as shown in FIG.
In an advantageous manner, the use of a plurality of rows R and tracks S in a method for protecting the magnetrons 4 by alternately switching on and off of the magnetrons 4 is possible. Turning on and off does not describe the power timing that is usually used to set the power L of a magnetron, but pausing the magnetrons to maintain performance and prevent overheating, ie, use timing.
In a simple plausible example, the continuous furnace could be operated as follows:
In the calculation of the power required to heat the material to a predetermined temperature results in the use of all existing magnetrons 4, the need to operate at 35% of the rated power, it being assumed for the sake of simplicity that all magnetrons 4 with the same Performance L would work. It is now stipulated that with an arrangement of the outlet openings 6, as in FIG. 2, n = 6 for R N and S n . There are thus 36 outlet openings 6 at six rows R and six tracks S. In order to preserve the magnetrons 4, a running operation is now proposed, in which the magnetrons 4 of all tracks S are used, but the rows R with even n and the R rows with odd n are alternately switched on. For this, the nominal power of the active 18 Magnetrone 4 (36/2) is doubled, so that they are operated with a rated power of 70%. An unnecessary continuous operation of the magnetrons 4 is thus avoided.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 continuous furnace
2 press
3 material
4 magnetrons
5 waveguides
6 outlet opening
7 edge
8 product
9 performance profile
10 conveyor belt
11 housing
12 absorbers
13 cabinet
14 radiation room
15 production direction
16 measuring device
17 control or regulating device
18 measuring device
19 width
20 measuring device
21 longitudinal center line
22 lids
R row of outlet openings across 15
S trace of the outlet openings in FIG. 15
L power of 4

Claims

Apparatus for the continuous production of materials, preferably for the production of material plates of substantially non-metallic material, comprising

a continuous furnace (1) for the continuous heating of material (3) on an endlessly circulating conveyor belt (10) and

a downstream in the production direction (15) press (2),

wherein the continuous furnace (1) has a plurality of magnetrons (4) for generating electromagnetic waves and waveguides (5) with outlet openings (6) for feeding the waves into a radiation space (14),

characterized in that a control or regulating device (17) for controlling individual or grouped magnetrons (4) is arranged in order to provide these with different powers (L) for producing a differentiated power profile (9), preferably in and / or transversely to the production direction ( 15).
Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet openings (6) of the waveguide (5) are arranged in at least one substantially parallel plane to the conveyor belt (10).
Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that round, rectangular and / or oval waveguide (5) are arranged.
Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet openings (6) are arranged longitudinally and transversely to the production direction (15) in rows (R) and tracks (S).
Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that with an offset arrangement of the outlet openings in the production direction (15) the surfaces of the outlet openings (6) of the adjacent tracks (S) Sn, Sn ± 1 spaced along the production direction (15), are arranged adjacent or overlapping.
Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control or regulating device (17) is suitable starting from the material (3) and / or the product to be produced (8) to call predetermined power profiles (9) and in a continuous furnace (1). adjust.
Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one measuring device (16, 18, 20) for, preferably in sections, testing the material (3) and / or the product (8) or other previous devices of the production site respectively Control station of the system in operative connection with the control or regulating device (17) for controlling or regulating the power (L) of the magnetrons (4) respectively of the power profile (9) is arranged.
Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that magnetrons (4) are arranged with a power of 0.5 to 20 kW, preferably up to 6 kW.
Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a passive and / or active distribution means for the electromagnetic waves is arranged in the radiation space (14).
Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that means for activating or inactivating the distribution means are arranged.
Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive of the conveyor belt (10) or a measuring device for the speed of the conveyor belt (10) in operative connection with the control and regulating device (17), in particular for balancing the power timing and / or the use timing of the magnetrons (4) relative to the feed of the material (3) is arranged.
Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that for adapting the continuous furnace (1) to different widths (19) and / or varying positions of the material (3) on the conveyor belt (10) the magnetrons (4) outside Material (3) arranged tracks (S) according to their power (L) are arranged reducible or switched off.
Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that to increase the redundancy of the device further magnetrons, preferably whole rows (Rx) are arranged on magnetrons, which are correspondingly switchable in case of failure of magnetrons.
Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control or regulating device (17) is suitable for monitoring or recognition of power limitations respectively defective magnetrons and via this the connection of the necessary power or further magnetrons takes place automatically.
Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control or regulating device (17) is suitable local Flächengewichterhöhöhungen, especially occurring transversely to the production direction basis weight increases in the material (3) via a path / time tracking with a higher Power (L) to act upon and suitable for a corresponding control of the magnetrons (4) is suitable.
Process for the continuous production of materials, preferably for the production of material plates of substantially non-metallic material, comprising

a continuous furnace (1) for the continuous heating of material (3) on an endlessly circulating conveyor belt (10) and

a downstream in the production direction (15) press (2),

wherein the continuous furnace (1) has a plurality of magnetrons (4) for generating electromagnetic waves and waveguides (5) with outlet openings (6) for feeding the waves into a radiation space (14),

characterized in that the magnetrons (4) individually or grouped with different powers (L) are driven in order to operate them with a differentiated power profile (9), preferably in and / or transversely to the production direction (15).
A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the magnetrons (4) are controlled by a control or regulating device (17).
A method according to claim 17, characterized in that the control or regulating device (17) is suitable starting from the material (3), the structure of the material (3) and / or the product to be produced (8) predetermined performance profiles (9) to retrieve and set ,
A method according to claim 16, characterized in that by means of at least one measuring device (16, 18, 20), preferably in sections longitudinally and / or transversely, the material (3) and / or the product (8) is checked and the corresponding measured values of the control - or control device (17) for controlling or regulating the magnetrons (4) and the Leistungsprofiles (9) are transmitted.
Method according to one or more of the preceding method claims, characterized in that magnetrons (4) with a power of 0.5 to 20 kW, preferably up to 6 kW, are used for heating.
Method according to one or more of the preceding method claims, characterized in that during the heating of the material (3) with different powers (L) of the magnetrons (4) a passive and / or active distribution means in the radiation space (14) for the electromagnetic waves is deactivated ,
A method according to claim 17, characterized in that via the drive of the conveyor belt (10) or a measuring device determines the speed of the conveyor belt (10) and the measured value of the control and regulating device (17), in particular for balancing the power timing and / or the use of timing the magnetrons (4) against the feed of the material (3), is transmitted.
A method according to claim 16, characterized in that transversely to the production direction, a power profile (9) of the magnetrons (4) is set, starting from the edges (7) to the longitudinal center line (21) of the material (3) has a higher temperature Material (3).
Method according to claim 16, characterized in that a corresponding power profile (9) of the magnetrons (4) is controlled transversely to the production direction (15) in the case of a material (3) having a different basis weight profile across the width (19), the areas having different basis weight different powers of the electromagnetic waves are applied.
A method according to claim 16, characterized in that when using wood or wood-like material (3) with a different basis weight profile across the width (19) the magnetrons (4) with outlet openings (6) substantially above the areas of higher basis weight with a higher Power (L) are operated as the magnetrons (4) with outlet openings (6) above the areas of lower basis weight.
A method according to claim 16, characterized in that in an arrangement of several rows (R) of magnetrons (4) in case of failure of a magnetron (4) and its energy input into the material (3) one or more other magnetrons (4) of the associated and / or the adjacent tracks (S) by increasing their power (L) compensate for the failure or at already at maximum power (L) of the magnetrons (4) by switching off the whole row (R) of the failure is compensated and the speed of the conveyor belt ( 10) is reduced accordingly.
A method according to claim 16, characterized in that at different widths (19) of the material (3) and / or varying position of the material (3) on the conveyor belt (10) at least one on the edge (7) arranged track (S) of the magnetrons (4) correspondingly reduced in power (L) or switched off.
A method according to claim 16, characterized in that to increase the redundancy of the device further magnetrons, preferably whole rows (Rx) are arranged on magnetrons, which are not used in regular operation and can be switched on failure of a magnetron.
A method according to claim 16, characterized in that via the control or regulating device (17) via an automated monitoring or detection of the magnetrons respectively their power consumption is detected and the connection of the necessary power or other magnetrons is done automatically.
A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the control or regulating device (17) is suitable local Flächengewichterhöhöhungen, in particular transversely to the production direction occurring basis weight increases in the material (3) via a path / time tracking with a higher power (L) to act upon and for this purpose controls the magnetrons (4) in a corresponding temporal and geometric arrangement.