EP3290120B1 - Rotor of a grinding machine with releasable blade holders - Google Patents

Description

• wobei der Rotor eine Rotorwelle aufweist, die in einer Drehrichtung um eine Rotationsachse rotierbar ist,
• wobei um eine Mantelfläche der Rotorwelle herum eine Vielzahl von Messerhaltern für Rotormesser befestigt ist,
• wobei die Messerhalter in Richtung der Rotationsachse verlaufende Reihen von Messerhaltern bilden, die um die Rotationsachse herum gesehen voneinander beabstandet sind,
• wobei auf der Mantelfläche der Rotorwelle mittels Verbindungselementen lösbar Zwischenelemente befestigt sind,
• wobei auf den Zwischenelementen jeweils eine Anzahl an Messerhaltern für Rotormesser befestigt ist und
• wobei die Zwischenelemente tangential um die Rotationsachse herum gesehen an Stoßflächen aneinander angrenzen, so dass die Zwischenelemente in ihrer Gesamtheit tangential um die Rotationsachse herum gesehen die Mantelfläche der Rotorwelle vollständig abdecken.

The present invention is based on a rotor of a crusher, in particular a garbage, plastic or wood crusher,

• wherein the rotor has a rotor shaft which is rotatable in a rotational direction about an axis of rotation,
• wherein a plurality of knife holders for rotor knives are mounted around a circumferential surface of the rotor shaft,
• wherein the knife holders form rows of knife holders extending in the direction of the axis of rotation, which are spaced apart from each other as viewed around the axis of rotation,
• wherein on the lateral surface of the rotor shaft releasably intermediate elements are fastened by means of connecting elements,
• wherein on the intermediate elements in each case a number of blade holders for rotor blades is attached and
• wherein the intermediate elements, viewed tangentially around the axis of rotation, adjoin one another at abutting surfaces, so that the intermediate elements, viewed in their entirety tangentially around the axis of rotation, completely cover the lateral surface of the rotor shaft.

The present invention is further based on a crushing machine, in particular a garbage, plastic or wood crusher, with at least one stator and at least one such rotor.

The above-mentioned objects are for example from DE 195 22 056 A1 known. The from the DE 195 22 056 A1 Known crushing machine is designed as a shredder. The intermediate elements are formed as straight plates. The connecting elements are arranged in the region of the knife holder.

From the US 9 386 741 B2 is also known as a crusher in the agricultural sector. The crusher points a drum on. On the drum integral elements are attached. Knives are screwed onto these elements. The knife holders each carry a single knife. The knife holders overlap each other in the tangential direction.

From the company Lindner Recycling Tech GmbH, Spittal / Drau (Austria) under the name "Powerkomet" a garbage shredder is sold, the rotor has a rotor shaft which is rotatable in a rotational direction about an axis of rotation. Around a lateral surface of the rotor shaft, a plurality of knife holders for rotor blades is mounted on the rotor. The knife holders are welded to the rotor. The knife holders form rows of knife holders extending in the direction of the axis of rotation, which are spaced apart from each other as viewed around the axis of rotation.

The from the DE 195 22 056 A1 known crusher has the advantage that it can be easily converted from one configuration to another configuration. The construction of the DE 195 22 056 A1 However, it is only suitable for relatively low loads. At high loads, such as occur in garbage shredders, the construction of the DE 195 22 056 A1 not applicable. In particular, the high loads occurring very quickly lead to breakage of the fasteners. Precisely for this reason, the knife holder in a garbage shredder - for example, in the garbage shredder "Powerkomet" Lindner Recycling Tech GmbH, but also in refuse shredders of other companies - welded onto the lateral surface of the rotor.

The object of the present invention is to provide ways by which on the one hand the releasable attachment of the intermediate elements can be maintained on the lateral surface of the rotor, but on the other hand can withstand high loads. Here, a simple construction should continue to be maintained.

The object is achieved by a rotor of a crusher with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the rotor are the subject of the dependent claims 2 to 9.

• dass die Zwischenelemente als Platten ausgebildet sind, die tangential um die Rotationsachse herum gesehen sich über die Messerhalter hinaus erstrecken und sowohl vor als auch hinter den Messerhaltern jeweils einen abgeknickten Bereich aufweisen,
• wobei die Verbindungselemente, mittels derer die Zwischenelemente lösbar auf der Mantelfläche der Rotorwelle befestigt sind, sowohl im abgeknickten Bereich vor den Messerhaltern als auch im abgeknickten Bereich hinter den Messerhaltern angeordnet sind und
• wobei die Mantelfläche plane Flächen aufweist, an denen die Zwischenelemente einschließlich ihrer abgeknickten Bereiche anliegen.

According to the invention a rotor of the type mentioned is configured by

• in that the intermediate elements are designed as plates which, seen tangentially around the axis of rotation, extend beyond the knife holders and in each case have a bent region in front of and behind the knife holders,
• wherein the connecting elements, by means of which the intermediate elements are detachably mounted on the lateral surface of the rotor shaft, are arranged both in the bent region in front of the blade holders and in the bent region behind the blade holders, and
• wherein the lateral surface has planar surfaces against which abut the intermediate elements including their bent portions.

The intermediate elements are thus seen from the knife holders of the respective intermediate element of tangentially around the axis of rotation around on both sides mounted on the lateral surface of the rotor. Vice versa, the knife holders of the respective intermediate element are arranged between the two tangentially outer connecting elements or the corresponding rows of connecting elements.

Due to the coordination of the lateral surface of the rotor shaft and the inner contours of the intermediate elements to one another, the inner contours of the intermediate elements continue to rest against the outer surface of the rotor shaft. As a result, in particular pressure loads of the intermediate elements can be transmitted over large areas to the lateral surface of the rotor.

Due to the inventive design, the intermediate elements between the rows of knife holders with the lateral surface be attached to the rotor shaft. Due to these attachment locations, lever and shear forces are considerably lower than when mounted in the area of the blade holders on the lateral surface of the rotor. This configuration can therefore be achieved that the large loads that act on the blade knives in the operation of the crushing machine on the rotor blades and the rotor blades, act on much considerably leverage on the connecting elements and thereby exert correspondingly lower forces on this. These correspondingly lower forces can also be transmitted by means of detachable connecting elements. Detachable fasteners in the context of the present invention are connecting elements that can be solved without destroying. A typical representative of a releasable connection element is a screw connection.

The formation of the lateral surface as a plurality of flat surfaces further facilitates the positioning of the intermediate elements during assembly.

Preferably, the knife holder are permanently attached to the intermediate elements. In this case, the transmission of the forces acting on the blade holders to the intermediate elements continues to be via a permanent connection (i.e., a connection which is only destructible, usually a welded connection). Alternatively, it is possible that the intermediate elements and the knife holder are made of a single piece. With appropriate design of the connection between the knife holder and intermediate elements, however, a releasable connection may also be possible.

The attachment of the rotor blades to the blade holders can - as in the prior art - be solved, in particular be designed as a screw connection.

Preferably, the number of knife holders per intermediate element is determined such that the mass of the respective intermediate element including that on the respective intermediate element fastened knife holder is a maximum of 50 kg, in particular at a maximum of 30 kg. As a result, the weight of an intermediate element with associated knife holders (and possibly also rotor knives) can be limited to an area which can still be held and positioned by a single person even without technical aids. This ensures the handling of the intermediate element with the knife holders (and possibly also the knives).

In many cases, already have the knife holder as such a considerable weight. The combination with the intermediate elements is therefore often already in the range of or even above 10 kg even with only a single knife holder. In such cases, the number of knife holders per intermediate element is a maximum of four.

In particular, the connecting elements can form rows of connecting elements which run in the direction of the axis of rotation.

As already mentioned, it is possible that only a single knife holder is mounted on a single intermediate element. However, it is also possible that a plurality of knife holders are mounted on a single intermediate element. In this case, the knife holders can either form a row tangentially viewed around the axis of rotation or form a row when viewed in the direction of the axis of rotation. In the case of at least four blade holders, an arrangement of a plurality of rows of blade holders is additionally possible, wherein the rows of blade holders are tangentially spaced from one another viewed around the axis of rotation and each have a plurality of blade holders arranged side by side in the direction of the axis of rotation.

If a plurality of knife holders are respectively fastened on the intermediate elements tangentially around the axis of rotation, it is possible for the connecting elements to move the respective intermediate element tangentially around the axis of rotation seen in addition also at a location which is arranged between the individual blade holders of the respective intermediate element, connect to the rotor shaft. Again, the formation of corresponding extending in the direction of the axis of rotation rows is possible again. It is possible that only a single connecting element or a single such row is present. In this case, the connecting elements connect the respective intermediate element tangentially around the axis of rotation as seen between the tangential to the axis of rotation around immediately consecutive knife holders each only at a single location with the rotor shaft. Under certain circumstances, however, it may be expedient to provide a plurality of connecting elements or rows, in particular two, viewed tangentially around the axis of rotation.

Under some circumstances, it may be useful for each of the two intermediate elements, which are tangential to one another to be about the axis of rotation, to overlap the respective rear intermediate element. The terms "front" and "rear" and equivalent terms refer to the normal direction of rotation in which the rotor is normally rotated - that is, for crushing. In particular, the front intermediate element passes a certain point of the stator of the crushing machine in front of the rear intermediate element.

For example, the abutment surfaces may be inclined in the direction of rotation for this purpose. In particular, by this embodiment, forces acting on rotation of the rotor in the direction of rotation on the front of the knife holders of the respective intermediate element connecting elements are partially transferred to those connecting elements, which are arranged in the direction of rotation upstream intermediate element after the knife holders.

It is particularly preferred if the abutment surfaces have a radially outer region, a radially inner region and between them have a radially central portion adjacent to the radially outer portion and the radially inner portion, the radially outer portion and the radially inner portion are purely radial-axial, and the radially outer portion viewed in the direction of the rotation axis is behind the radially inner portion lies.

The connecting elements can, as already mentioned, be designed in particular as screws. In this case, screw heads of the screws can be arranged completely sunk in receptacles of the intermediate elements. As a result, contamination of the rotor, which inevitably occurs during operation, minimized. The screws can also be designed as hexagon socket screws. This configuration results in a simple and reliable way to solve the fasteners and secure.

It is possible that the intermediate elements and the rotor shaft are positively connected with each other. For example, the intermediate elements may have recesses into which dive into corresponding projections on the rotor shaft when placing the intermediate elements on the rotor shaft. The reverse embodiment is possible. It is even possible that both the intermediate elements and the rotor shaft have recesses and before fitting the intermediate elements are used on the rotor shaft in the recesses of the respective intermediate element or the rotor shaft keyways or the like. The recesses may be continuous in the direction of the axis of rotation.

However, it is particularly preferred that the rotor has on its lateral surface projections which have intermediate elements with the projections cooperating noses and adjacent surfaces of the projections and the lugs are oriented substantially radially. Optimal in this case is a purely radial orientation of the adjoining surfaces or an orientation in which the adjoining surfaces, viewed radially outward, are inclined slightly forward are. Even a slight slope to the rear is possible. A slight inclination is to be understood as an inclination of not more than 20 °, better still not more than 15 °, in particular not more than 10 °.

• dass die Rotorwelle in Richtung der Rotationsachse gesehen mehrere Abschnitte aufweist und
• dass die Abschnitte in einer orthogonal zur Rotationsachse verlaufenden Ebene gesehen deckungsgleiche Querschnitte aufweisen, die Querschnitte von Abschnitt zu Abschnitt jedoch um einen jeweiligen Drehwinkel gegeneinander verdreht sind.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the rotor is provided

• that the rotor shaft seen in the direction of the axis of rotation has a plurality of sections and
• the sections have congruent cross sections when viewed in a plane extending orthogonally to the axis of rotation, but the cross sections are rotated from one section to another by a respective angle of rotation.

By this configuration, on the one hand can be achieved that the variety of parts can be kept low and yet (namely by a corresponding arrangement of the knife holder on the intermediate elements) a slightly rotatable about the axis of rotation, slightly helical course of the cutting edges of the rotor blades can be achieved. The helical profile may under certain circumstances uniformly maintain its direction of rotation over the length of the rotor. Alternatively, it is possible that the helical course reverses its direction of rotation over the length of the rotor once or several times. Furthermore, this embodiment can also allow for easier positioning of the intermediate elements in the direction of the axis of rotation during assembly.

The intermediate elements each have an inner contour facing the lateral surface. The inner contour is limited by boundary edges. Preferably, the boundary edges, based on the axis of rotation, either purely tangential or purely axial. By this configuration, in particular the overall construction of the rotor can be simplified and the assembly and disassembly of individual intermediate elements can be facilitated. Preferably, the intermediate elements adjacent not only tangentially seen around the rotation axis, but also seen in the direction of the rotation axis abutting surfaces to each other, so that the intermediate elements seen in their entirety not only tangentially around the axis of rotation around, but also in the direction of the axis of rotation, the lateral surface completely cover the rotor shaft. Due to the complete coverage of the lateral surface of the rotor shaft which inevitably occurs during operation of the rotor contamination of the rotor shaft is minimized.

The object is further achieved by a crusher with the features of claim 10. According to the invention, in a crushing machine of the type mentioned, the at least one rotor is designed according to the invention, that is to say it has the intermediate elements detachably connected to the lateral surface, on which the blade holders are fastened.

FIG 1

einen Schnitt durch eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine,

FIG 2

einen Rotor in perspektivischer Ansicht,

FIG 3

einen Querschnitt durch den Rotor von FIG 2,

FIG 4

eine Schnittdarstellung durch einen Teil des Rotors von FIG 2,

FIG 5

eine Explosionsdarstellung eines Teils des Rotors von FIG 2,

FIG 6

schematisch ein Zwischenelement mit Messerhaltern von der Seite,

FIG 7

einen Ausschnitt des Rotors von FIG 2,

FIG 8

eine Rotorwelle im Querschnitt,

FIG 9

einen Ausschnitt einer Rotorwelle im Querschnitt und

FIG 10

eine weitere Rotorwelle im Querschnitt.

Further advantages and details will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. In a schematic representation:

FIG. 1

a section through a crusher,

FIG. 2

a rotor in perspective view,

FIG. 3

a cross section through the rotor of FIG. 2 .

FIG. 4

a sectional view through a part of the rotor of FIG. 2 .

FIG. 5

an exploded view of a portion of the rotor of FIG. 2 .

FIG. 6

schematically an intermediate element with knife holders from the side,

FIG. 7

a section of the rotor of FIG. 2 .

FIG. 8

a rotor shaft in cross section,

FIG. 9

a section of a rotor shaft in cross section and

FIG. 10

another rotor shaft in cross section.

According to FIG. 1 has a crushing machine - for example, a garbage, plastic or wood crusher - at least one stator 1 and at least one rotor 2. The rotor 2 has a rotor shaft 2 '. The rotor shaft 2 'is usually made of steel. It is rotatable about a rotation axis 4 in a direction of rotation 3 by means of a drive, not shown. In some cases, a rotation opposite to the direction of rotation 3 is also possible. Stator blades 5 are arranged on the stator 1. Knife holders to which the stator blades 5 are attached are not shown. The stator knives 5 are usually made of hardened steel or another carbide.

As far as the terms "axial", "radial" and "tangential" are used below, they are always related to the axis of rotation 4. Axial is a direction parallel to the axis of rotation 4. Radial is a direction orthogonal to the axial direction directly on the axis of rotation 4 to or away from it. Tangential is a direction that is orthogonal to the axial direction as well as orthogonal to the radial direction. Tangential is thus a direction which is directed at a constant axial position and at a constant radial distance in a circle around the axis of rotation 4 around. The direction of rotation 3 further defines the terms "front" and "rear" in the tangential direction. In particular, the direction of rotation 3 points to the front.

A multiplicity of knife holders 6 for rotor knives 7 are arranged around a lateral surface 2 "of the rotor shaft 2. The rotor knives 7 are generally made of hardened steel or another hard metal, just like the stator knives 5. The knife holders 6 are generally made However, this steel is usually softer than the steel from which the rotor blades 7 are made DE 20 2016 101 582 U1 is described. However, this is not necessary.

In FIG. 2 For the sake of clarity, only a few of the elements shown there are provided with their respective reference numbers. The same applies to the other FIG.

According to the FIGS. 2 to 4 the knife holders 6 are arranged side by side in the axial direction and thus form a respective row of knife holders 6. The rows of knife holders 6, however, are preferably not purely axial. Rather, the knife holder 6 of the respective row of knife holders 6 are preferably slightly offset from one another tangentially. Furthermore, the knife holder 6 can be seen to form a plurality of rows of knife holders 6, the rows of knife holders 6 being tangentially spaced from each other. The knife holder 6 of the respective row of knife holders 6 are preferably slightly offset tangentially from each other and further slightly inclined tangentially with respect to a pure axial direction. The angle of inclination is usually relatively low and is usually between 3 ° and 15 °.

It is possible that the knife holders 6 of the respective row of knife holders 6 form a uniform line. Alternatively, the respective row of knife holders 6 may have one or more vertices. Depending on the number of vertices, the knife holder 6 of the respective row of knife holders 6, for example, the two legs of a V, the three legs of a N or - FIG. 2 represented - the four legs of a W form. Within a respective leg, the knife holder 6 are identical to each other in the rule. However, the knife holders 6 adjacent legs may differ slightly from each other. Even in the case of differently designed knife holder 6, the knife holder 6 of the two adjacent legs, however, are generally mirror images of each other. Furthermore, it is also possible that the knife holder 6 rotate spirally around the rotation axis 4. In this case, the intermediate elements 8 must be arranged correspondingly offset in the tangential direction on the rotor 2.

The dimensions of the crusher are often considerable. For example, the rotor 2 may have a length L between 1 m and 4 m, for example of about 2.8 m. The diameter D (see FIG. 1 ) of the rotor 2 can be between 50 cm and 1 m and in some cases even larger. The specific figures are of course only a sample, but illustrate the size of the crushing machine.

The knife holder 6 are generally formed substantially parallelepiped, tapered, however, similar to a truncated pyramid, the greater the distance from the rotor blades 7. They often also have significant dimensions. For example, they may extend in the axial direction over 15 cm to 20 cm, in the tangential direction between 10 cm and 15 cm and in the radial direction between 7 cm and 12 cm. Again, the specific figures are only a sample.

According to the invention, the blade holders 6 are intended to be detachably connected as a result to the lateral surface 2 "of the rotor shaft 2. In order to be able to achieve this, intermediate elements 8 are releasably secured on the lateral surface 2" of the rotor shaft 2. The intermediate elements 8 are formed according to the invention as a folded plates. They therefore have a central region 8a, a front region 8b and a rear region 8c. The areas 8a, 8b, 8c are each straight (plane). At the two boundaries of the central region 8a to the front and to the rear portion 8b, 8c, however, a kink is formed in each case. The knife holder 6 are connected in the central region 8a with the respective intermediate element 8. The intermediate elements 8 extend beyond the knife holders 6 at least in the tangential direction due to the front and rear regions 8b, 8c. They generally have a thickness of more than 2 cm in the radial direction. For example, the thickness can be between 3.5 cm and 5.5 cm, in particular between 4 cm and 5 cm. The strength is usually uniform. The intermediate elements 8 are usually made of steel. The attachment of the intermediate elements 8 takes place by means of connecting elements 9a, 9b. The connecting elements 9a, 9b, as shown in the FIGS. 2 to 5 be designed in particular as screws. Particularly preferred is a design of the screws as hexagon socket screws. Screw heads 9 'of the screws are preferably arranged completely sunk in receptacles 10 of the intermediate elements 8. The screw heads 9 'therefore do not project beyond the radially outer side of the intermediate elements 8. The intermediate elements 8 have correspondingly designed receptacles 10 for this purpose. In particular, the receptacles 10 have an abutment shoulder, on which the screw heads 9 'rest, but not visible in the FIG. The receptacles 10 may be formed in particular as holes. The connecting elements 9a are arranged in the front region 8b, the connecting elements 9b in the rear region 8c.

The intermediate elements 8 extend in the tangential direction over 360 ° / n, where n - a natural number above 1 - the number of intermediate elements 8, which are seen distributed in the tangential direction over the circumference of the rotor shaft 2 'arranged. The intermediate elements 8 thus extend in the tangential direction at most over 180 °. In general, the intermediate elements 8 extend over 120 ° or less, for example, at four to eight intermediate elements 8 over 90 °, 72 °, 60 °, just under 51.5 ° or 45 °. The intermediate elements 8 adjoin one another in the tangential direction on abutment surfaces 15. Seen in the tangential direction, the intermediate elements 8 thus completely cover the lateral surface 2 "of the rotor shaft 2 '.

On the intermediate elements 8 a number of knife holders 6 is attached in each case. The number of knife holders 6 per intermediate element 8 is usually between one and four. As shown in the FIG. 2 . 5 and 6 For example, it can be two. The knife holder 6 of the respective intermediate element 8 are shown in the FIG. 2 and 5 arranged axially next to one another. Alternatively, the Knife holder 6 of the respective intermediate element 8 as shown by FIG. 6 be arranged in the tangential direction one behind the other. In this case, the corresponding intermediate element 8 further areas, each adjoining each other via a bend. The kinks are in FIG. 6 for the sake of clarity not shown. Furthermore, in this case, as shown in FIG FIG. 6 be arranged between the knife holders 6 of the respective intermediate element further connecting elements 9c.

If at least four knife holders 6 are fastened to the respective intermediate element 8, the knife holders 6 can also form a plurality of tangentially spaced rows of knife holders 6, each of these rows each comprising a plurality of knife holders 6. Regardless of the number of knife holders 6 per intermediate element 8, however, the mass of the respective intermediate element 8 including the knife holder 6 fastened to the respective intermediate element 8 should preferably be at most 50 kg, in particular at a maximum of 30 kg.

In general, the knife holder 6 are permanently attached to the intermediate elements 8. In particular, they may be welded to the respective intermediate element 8. Corresponding welds 11 are only in FIG. 4 shown. In addition, - preferably only within the respective intermediate element 8 - axially immediately adjacent blade holder 6 may also be inextricably linked together, for example welded together. These welds are not shown in the FIG. However, other types of attachment - even detachable - conceivable. For example, a knife holder 6 may be arranged at one end in an undercut of the respective intermediate element 8 and fixed at the other end by means of a screw connection (or a plurality of screw connections).

The connecting elements 9a, 9b, 9c form according to the FIGS. 2 to 6 per intermediate element 8 rows of connecting elements 9a, 9b, 9c. The rows of connecting elements 9a, 9b, 9c extend in the axial direction. The rows each have at least two connecting elements 9a, 9b, 9c. In particular, when the intermediate elements 8 carry a plurality of knife holders 6, which are arranged side by side in the axial direction, the rows of connecting elements 9a, 9b, 9c are present as a rule. As shown in FIGS. 2, 5 and 7, for example, they each have five connecting elements 9a, 9b, 9c per row of connecting elements 9a, 9b, 9c. The rows of connecting elements 9a, 9b, 9c each extend (at least substantially) axially. In other embodiments of the present invention, however, the "rows" could be degenerate, ie consist of only a single connecting element 9a, 9b, 9c. Therefore, as far as the present invention is explained below in connection with (genuine) rows of connecting elements 9a, 9b, 9c, this is not to be understood as restricting to genuine rows of connecting elements 9a, 9b, 9c, but generically.

The connecting elements 9a - i. those connecting elements 9a, which are seen in the direction of rotation 3 in front of the knife holders 6 of the respective intermediate element 8 - connect the respective intermediate element 8 at a location which is seen in the direction of rotation 3 in front of the knife holders 6 of the respective intermediate element 8, with the rotor shaft. 2 '. The connecting elements 9b - i. those connecting elements 9b, which are arranged in the direction of rotation 3 behind the knife holders 6 of the respective intermediate element 8 - connect the respective intermediate element 8 in addition to a location which is seen in the direction of rotation 3 behind the knife holders 6 of the respective intermediate member 8, with the rotor shaft 2 '.

In the case of the embodiment of FIG. 6 Thus, when seen on the intermediate elements 8 in the tangential direction each have a plurality of knife holder 6 are fixed, as shown in FIG FIG. 6 preferably also between the tangentially directly successive knife holders 6 of the corresponding Connecting element 8 in each case at least one further row of connecting elements 9c present. The connecting elements 9c connect the respective intermediate element 8 thus seen in the tangential direction additionally also at a location which is arranged between the individual knife holders 6 of the respective intermediate element 8, with the rotor shaft 2 '.

It may in the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 6 be useful in individual cases, if the connecting elements 9c between the tangentially immediately successive knife holders 6 each form two rows of connecting elements 9c. This may be useful, in particular, if different embodiments of intermediate elements 8 are to be usable, with only one single knife holder 6 being present in one type of intermediate elements 8 or the knife holders 6 forming a single row of knife holders in the tangential direction and in the other type seen from intermediate elements 8 in tangential direction more knife holder 6 or rows of knife holders 6 are present. In general, however, the connecting elements 9c each form only a single further row of connecting elements 9c between the tangentially directly successive knife holders 6c. In this case, connect the connecting elements 9c, the respective intermediate element 8 seen in the tangential direction between the tangential seen in immediate succession knife holders 6 only at a single location with the rotor shaft 2 '.

It is possible that the lateral surface 2 "of the rotor shaft 2 'and inner contours 8' of the intermediate elements 8 (see FIG. 4 and 5 ) abut each other only in the region of the connecting elements 9a, 9b, 9c. Preferably, however, the lateral surface 2 "of the rotor shaft 2 'and the inner contours 8' - see in particular the illustrations in the FIG. 4 and 7 - Matched so that the inner contours 8 'over the entire surface of the lateral surface 2 "rest.

In particular, the lateral surface 2 "has planar surfaces 12 against which the intermediate elements 8 abut with their inner contours 8 '- that is to say both with the central region 8a and with the bent regions 8b, 8c - This is particularly evident from the illustrations in FIGS FIGS. 2 to 5 and 7 seen. In this case, the rotor shaft 2 'as shown in FIG FIG. 8 in cross-section (thus seen orthogonal to the axis of rotation 4) has a polygonal cross section. It is possible that edges 13, on which the flat surfaces 12 adjoin one another, extend from one axial end of the rotor shaft 2 'to the other axial end of the rotor shaft 2'. However, the edges 13 preferably only extend over sections 14, which in turn only extend over part of the axial extent of the rotor shaft 2 '. The rotor shaft 2 'thus has a sequence of a plurality of such sections 14 in the axial direction. Two of the sections 14 are purely exemplary in FIG FIG. 2 marked as such. The length of the sections 14 in the axial direction may be the same or - as out FIG. 2 visible - vary. However, the cross section of the sections 14 is always the same as that in FIG FIG. 8 is shown purely by way of example for an octagonal cross-section. The cross sections of the sections 14 are thus congruent. From section 14 to section 14, however, the cross sections are rotated relative to each other by a respective angle of rotation α. The rotation angle α is usually relatively small. It may for example be at about 1 ° to about 5 °, in particular between 2 ° and 4 °.

In many embodiments of the present invention, the intermediate elements 8 as shown in FIGS FIGS. 2 to 7 In this case, the intermediate elements 8 adjoin one another not only in the tangential direction but also in the axial direction at abutment surfaces 16. The abutment surfaces 16 preferably extend purely radially tangential, ie without axial component The abutment surfaces 15 can extend in an analogous manner purely radially-axially, ie without a tangential component.

This is for example in the 3 to 5 shown. However, it is alternatively possible in some embodiments that the abutment surfaces 15 are inclined (or in the tangential direction immediately successive intermediate elements 8 overlap each other or engage under others). The purpose of such embodiments will be described below in connection with the FIG. 9 and 10 explained in more detail in connection with an inclination of the abutment surfaces 15. However, the corresponding statements apply in an analogous manner even with a different overlapping or gripping.

So it is according to the representation in FIG. 9 For example, possible that the abutting surfaces 15 are inclined in the direction of rotation 3. Due to this configuration, tensile forces Z acting on the connecting elements 9a of the front row of connecting elements 9a due to the rotation of the rotor 2 in the direction of rotation 3 via the rotor blades 7 and the knife holder 6 of the respective intermediate element 8, in part on the upstream intermediate element 8 and transmit its rear row of connecting elements 9b. The connecting elements 9a of the front row of connecting elements 9a are thereby relieved.

Alternatively, it is as shown in FIG FIG. 10 possible that the abutment surfaces 15 have a radially outer region 15a, a radially inner region 15b and a radially middle region 15c therebetween. Seen in the radial direction, the areas 15a, 15b and 15c substantially (± 10%) with each other equal extensions. The radially middle region 15c, viewed in the radial direction, adjoins the radially outer region 15a and the radially inner region 15b. The radially outer region 15a and the radially inner region 15b extend in the case of the embodiment according to FIG FIG. 10 purely radial-axial. However, the radially outer region 15a is seen in the direction of rotation 3 behind the radially inner region 15b. Accordingly, only the radially middle portion 15c is inclined.

FIG. 10 shows still another embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is independent of the design of the abutment surfaces 15 realized. In particular, the rotor 2 as shown in FIG FIG. 10 The projections 19 cooperate with lugs 20, which are components of the intermediate elements 8. The lugs 20 are preferably arranged in the middle region 8a, in particular in the immediate vicinity of the transition to the front region 8b Through the projections 19 and the lugs 20, a positive connection of the intermediate elements 8 with the rotor 2 is effected, over which the forces acting in the tangential direction during operation of the rotor 2 tensile forces Z are transmitted to a considerable extent from the intermediate elements 8 on the rotor 2 For example, the projections 19 and tabs 20 may be as shown in FIG FIG. 10 have adjacent surfaces 21 which are oriented substantially radially. In particular, an angle β which the surfaces 20 in each case enclose with a radial plane which intersects the surfaces 20 in the middle can lie between -20 ° and + 20 °. The angle β is preferably only between -15 ° and + 15 °, for example between -10 ° and + 10 °. In the optimal case, the angle β (β = 0) disappears.

The inner contour 8 'of the intermediate elements 8 borders according to FIG. 5 at boundary edges 17 to the abutment surfaces 15 and at boundary edges 18 on the abutment surfaces 16 and generally at the boundary edges 17, 18 to the (also) extending in the radial direction surfaces 15, 16 of the intermediate elements 8 at. Regardless of whether the abutment surfaces 15 are inclined or run purely radially-axially, the boundary edges 17, 18 are preferably purely tangential or purely axial.

The present invention has many advantages. In particular, it is possible in the case of wear of rotor knives 7 and / or knife holders 6 to disassemble the respective intermediate element 8 and replace it with a new intermediate element 8. The intermediate element 8 with the worn Elements 6, 7 can then be further treated outside the crusher. For example, the rotor blades 7 can be replaced or the blade holders 6 dismantled and new blade holders 6 are mounted. During this period, the crusher can already continue to operate. It is also possible, by replacing the intermediate elements 8 against other intermediate elements 8 (in conjunction with a corresponding replacement of the stator blade 5) to convert the crusher to a different type of knife. It is also possible to equip several similar rotor shafts 2 'with different intermediate elements 8 already at the factory, thereby reducing the variety of types of rotor shafts 2'. With a suitable design, it is even possible that the one and the same intermediate elements 8 can be connected to the rotor shaft 2 'in a certain axial position in a plurality of mutually different tangential positions. For this purpose, it is usually necessary inter alia that the number of receptacles for the connecting elements 9a, 9b, 9c of the rotor shaft 2 'is sufficiently large. In particular, in this case, it should be an integer multiple of the number N = nxm, where n is the number of intermediate elements 8 and m is the number of rows of connecting elements 9a, 9b, 9c per intermediate element 8.

The above description is only for explanation of the present invention. The scope of the present invention, however, is intended to be determined solely by the appended claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

stator

2

rotor

2 '

rotor shaft

2 '

lateral surface

3

direction of rotation

4

axis of rotation

5

Stator

6

knife holder

7

rotor blades

8th

intermediate elements

8th'

inner contours

8a, 8b, 8c

Areas of intermediate elements

9a, 9b, 9c

fasteners

9 '

screw heads

10

Recordings

11

welds

12

plane surfaces

13

edge

14

sections

15, 16

abutting surfaces

15a, 15b, 15c

radial areas of the abutment surfaces 15

17, 18

boundary edges

19

projections

20

nose

21

surfaces

D

diameter

L

length

Z

tensile forces

α

angle of rotation

β

angle

Claims (10)

1. Rotor for a comminuting machine, particularly a waste, plastics-material or wood comminuting device,

   - wherein the rotor has a rotor shaft (2') rotatable in a rotational direction (3) about an axis (4) of rotation,

   - wherein intermediate elements (8) are fastened on a circumferential surface (2") of the rotor shaft (2') by means of connecting elements (9),

   - wherein a respective number of knife holders (6) for rotor knives (7) is secured to the intermediate elements (8),

   - wherein the intermediate elements (8) tangentially adjoin one another at abutment surfaces (15) as seen around the axis (4) of rotation so that the intermediate elements (8) in their totality tangentially completely cover the circumferential surface (2") of the rotor shaft (2') as seen around the axis (4) of rotation and

   - wherein the knife holders (6) form rows, which extend in the direction of the axis (4) of rotation and which are spaced from one another as seen around the axis (4) of rotation, of knife holders (6),

   characterised in that

   - the intermediate elements (8) are constructed as plates which extend tangentially beyond the knife holders (6) as seen around the axis (4) of rotation and which each have a kinked region (8b, 8c) not only in front of, but also behind the knife holders (6),

   - wherein the connecting elements (9) are detachably fastened by means of the intermediate elements (8) thereof to the circumferential surface (12") of the rotor shaft (2') and are arranged not only in the kinked region (8b) in front of the knife holders (6), but also in the kinked region (8c) behind the knife holders (6) and

   - wherein the circumferential surface (2") has planar areas (12) against which the intermediate elements (8) inclusive of the kinked regions (8b, 8c) thereof bear.
2. Rotor according to claim 1, characterised in that the knife holders (6) are non-detachably secured to the intermediate elements (8).
3. Rotor according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that a number of knife holders (6) per intermediate element (8) is defined in such a way that the mass of the respective intermediate element (8) inclusive of the knife holder (6) secured to the respective intermediate element (8) is at most 50 kilograms, in particular at most 30 kilograms.
4. Rotor according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that with respect in each instance to two intermediate elements (8) which are tangentially directly successive as seen around the axis (4) of rotation the respective front intermediate element (8) engages over the respective rear intermediate element (8).
5. Rotor according to claim 4, characterised in that

   - the abutment surfaces (15) have a radially outer region (15a), a radially inner region (15c) and therebetween a radially middle region (15b) adjoining the radially outer region (15a) and the radially inner region (15c),

   - the radially outer region (15a) and the radially inner region (15c) extend purely radially-axially and

   - the radially outer region (15a) lies behind the radially inner region (5c) as seen in direction around axis (4) of rotation.
6. Rotor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the intermediate elements (8) and the rotor shaft (2') are tangentially mechanically positively connected together as seen around the axis (4) of rotation.
7. Rotor according to claim 6, characterised in that the rotor has radially outwardly projecting projections (19) on its circumferential surface (2") and that the intermediate elements (8) have dogs (20) co-operating with the projections (19).
8. Rotor according to claim 7, characterised in that mutually adjoining surfaces (21) of the projections (19) and the dogs (20) are oriented substantially radially.
9. Rotor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that

   - the rotor shaft (2') has several sections (14) as seen in the direction of the axis (4) of rotation,

   - the sections (14) have congruent cross-sections as seen in a plane extending orthogonally to the axis (4) of rotation and

   - the cross-sections from section (14) to section (14) are, however, turned relative to one another through a respective rotational angle (a).
10. Comminuting machine, particularly waste, plastics-material or wood comminuting device, with at least one stator (1) and at least one rotor (2), wherein the at least one rotor (2) is constructed in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 9.

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