EP3283864A1

EP3283864A1 - Linear guiding device for a feed axis of a machine tool

Info

Publication number: EP3283864A1
Application number: EP16703263.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gerrit DUMSTORFF; Walter Lang
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-01-19
Filing date: 2016-01-14
Publication date: 2018-02-21
Also published as: DE102015100655A1; WO2016116354A1; US20180264614A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a linear guiding device (1) for a feed axis (2), preferably a machine tool (3), comprising at least the following components: at least one sensor surface (4) of the linear guiding device (1) for the linear guiding of a carriage (5) or a spindle nut (6); at least one micro sensor (7), preferably at least one strain gauge strip (8, 9, 10, 11, 12) and/or at least one resistance temperature sensor (13, 14) for detecting a strain and/or compression and/or temperature of the at least one sensor surface (4), wherein the at least one micro sensor (7) is permanently connected to the at least one sensor surface (4). By means of the invention described herein, a load of a linear guiding device in the operation of a machine tool can be directly measured for the first time.

Description

LI NEAR GUIDANCE NRI CHUTING FOR THE NE FEEDING AXLE

Object of the invention:

The present invention relates to a linear guide device for a feed axis, preferably for a machine tool, a method for

Thin-film application of a microsensor on a linear guide device, a method for introducing a microsensor in a linear guide device and with a computer-executable method for detecting loads in a linear guide device with at least one microsensor. The invention is particularly in the field of pressing plants, in plant construction and for

Special machines can be used. The focus of the invention is on

Wälzkörperystemen, because they have the much larger market share. in the

Therefore, the following examples are usually shown with rolling element systems. However, the invention can also be easily transferred, for example, to hydrostatic systems.

State of the art:

In order to optimize the availability and service life of machines and systems, or individual components, and thus to reduce costs, their users expect an ever higher degree of system monitoring. Therefore, an intelligent machine monitoring, the so-called condition monitoring, sought in the industry, for which a spatially resolving sensor is required, which is permanently arranged in a machine. This is to achieve significant cost savings by no longer preventive, ie too early, or reactive, ie too late, but state-oriented maintenance is maintained.

For example, from the dissertation by Dr.-Ing. Wieland H. Klein,

Condition Monitoring of Rolled Profile Rail Systems and Screw Drives ", RWTH Aachen University, 2011 is a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in condition monitoring research, which will be cited in the following to explain the underlying problem statement: Condition Monitoring is designed to determine the reliability by determining a downtime of Increase wear parts that

Remaining time of a plant make identifiable and increase the reliability. This is aimed at significant cost savings through the possibility of more appropriate maintenance, the optimization of service logistics and staffing requirements as well as lower maintenance measures. Particularly in the area of production with machine tools, machine downtime causes large quantities very quickly

Value losses. Feed axes are responsible for machine tools with almost 40% [percent] of machine tools. If you break the now Causes for the failure of the feed axes further down, it turns out that the ball screws (KGT) and the profile rail guides for almost 45% of

Feed axis failures are responsible.

Overload (42%), contamination (26%) and insufficient lubrication (20%) make up the largest proportion of failure causes in ball screws. Mounting errors, such as misalignment, add 12% to the cause of the failure, which can lead to local overloading of the components.

The so-called condition monitoring, or the

Machine condition monitoring is already being applied in some ways today. However, condition monitoring is currently mainly at the control level

Machine instead. Currently, the sensors required for component-based monitoring, which can pick up signals directly in the load zones, are not available on the market.

While there are already first surveillance systems on the market for rotating bearings or that they will be launched in the near future, so far no

Monitoring system for profile rail guides or ball screws available. The systems for bearings are sensor-based methods. The work is mainly in the field of structure-borne noise measurement or measurement by means of surface acoustic waves. Naturally, the movements are periodic processes. In the case of linear guideways and ball screws, however, due to the design, they are linear and therefore not immediately periodic

Movements. For the condition monitoring system, this means that other evaluation algorithms must be handled and that

Vibration sensors, such as those used in rotating bearings, are only of limited suitability for the monitoring of linear technology elements. The

Structure-borne sound measurement also has the great disadvantage that only damage must be present so that there is a change in the signal.

There are scientific studies on the monitoring of profile rails and ball screws. All known preparatory work is based on a

Vibration measurement (for example, structure-borne noise) is performed and the data obtained in this way are interpreted or the temperature is measured. However, due to structural differences between test benches and various production facilities, there is a discrepancy between the respective measured values and measurement results, so that an individual adaptation of the measuring system must take place for each component and each machine. If the operating parameters change, such as re-lubrication after a smear film break, a recalibration of the

Measuring system necessary. The load on the components during the Production operations affect the measurement result, so that the measurements must be made in separate test drives.

Basically, two types of plant monitoring can be distinguished: First, the monitoring using the data provided by the machine control and second, the monitoring using external sensors.

The monitoring based on the data provided by the machine control is done by means of an appropriate software (for example, ePS Network Services of Siemens AG). The main focus is on monitoring the feed axes. However, the sampling frequency in these systems is limited by the position control clock of 250 Hz [Hertz] to 1 kHz [kilohertz]. Because signals can only be analyzed up to half the frequency bandwidth due to the Shannon theorem, higher-frequency influences can only be achieved with external sensors

Data preprocessing are recorded. These sensors are often structure-borne noise sensors or temperature sensors, which are attached to selected points on the machine.

During system monitoring, the microchip, which converts the mechanical oscillation into an electrical signal, is encapsulated in a housing for protection against environmental influences and for better handling, and then fixed on the machine or a machine component. However, this type of surveillance is a big one

There is a need for interpretation of the data because the measurement site does not necessarily coincide with the location of the signal cause. Thus, without artificial intelligence, it is not easy to say which of the gears or bearings of a machine is responsible, due to damage, for increasing the amplitude of vibration in a particular frequency range.

Alternatively, it is measured indirectly. The indirect measurement happens in two ways:

First, by evaluating control-internal data and / or by using external sensors. When using external sensors, microsensors or thin-film sensors are used.

The software module ePS Network Services of Siemens AG supports

Machine tools and production machines with a CNC control the

Realization of condition-based maintenance. The web-based,

Cross-company services ensure that both own

Service specialists and the responsible maintenance personnel can access the operating information and fault information of the connected machines around the clock. These services are based on an internet-based platform. It supports the cross-company service processes and support processes and enables secure communication. The software tool is used by many machine tool manufacturers because it can be used as an optional feature without additional sensory effort. It is designed to optimize maintenance by indicating early on necessary maintenance activities such as cleaning, inspection and repair. The machine operator can use automated test procedures to check the condition of the machine

Feed axes scan cyclically and thus receives information about the current state of the machine. In the standard configuration, the machine diagnostics are based exclusively on the evaluation of control-internal signals. These include the motor current and the position values, but also all in the PLC

stored data, signals and states of external sensors. This provides the opportunity to monitor peripheral modules using internal machine sensors. The main focus of the system is on the monitoring of feed axes. For this purpose, test runs are carried out in a machine at defined times. These are in essence: the Gleichlaufachstest, the Universalachstest and the

Circularity test.

By means of synchronism tests, damage as well as mechanical and tribological

Changes to the feed axes are detected. The universal axis test is used to detect the state of friction. The purpose of the circularity test is to detect whether misalignments of the axes are parameterized loosely or not optimally

Drive control is present.

The big advantage of the software-based system is that it does not need external sensors. In addition, various users, such as internal and external services, can access the services over the Internet.

The disadvantage is that such a system is limited in its speed to the position controller clock cycle of 250 Hz to 1 kHz, which can be detected due to the Shannon theorem no higher-frequency influences. In addition, only the damage, but not the underlying burdens are measured. In the context of the here quoted

Dissertationsschrift "Condition monitoring of roller guideways and screw drives" was also found that, for example, the characteristic motor current as a signal input value is not a reliable indicator of problems of

Feed axes is, as shown in DE 102007038890 A1. Another disadvantage is that the measurements take place in separate measuring runs and not during operation. Especially in highly productive machines, this means lower production capacity and thus increased costs.

There are numerous providers of monitoring systems based on the interpretation of sensor data. As an example, the Machine Condition Indicator (MCI) from Prometec is mentioned here. The system uses a combination of control data and sensor data to provide information about the state of the machine and the machine Generate manufacturing process. In addition to the reading of control-internal data of the CNC control, an additional external acceleration sensor is used on the spindle. The evaluation unit continuously records the occurring vibrations within the machine. Thus, on the one hand, the quality of the process can be assessed and, on the other, the machine can be assessed with regard to dangerous conditions, such as

Example, collisions or incorrectly tensioned tools (imbalance) are monitored. If a critical condition occurs, an emergency stop of the machine can be initiated. For the assessment of the machine condition are additional in regular

Separately spaced spindle test programs and

Feed axis test programs executed. The assessment of the machine condition is carried out by forming characteristic values during the test programs. The failure of a component is detected by exceeding a previously manually set limit value in the characteristic values.

The advantage of these sensor-based monitoring systems lies in their wide

Spread and the comparatively cheap sensors that are easy to assemble, for example, screw or glue.

As with the monitoring based on the machine data, separate measuring runs have to be carried out here because the loads during the

Manufacturing process significantly affect the measurement. One exception is the BeMoS measuring system from BestSens AG, which monitors the condition of rotating bearings with the aid of surface acoustic waves. The manually defined characteristic values must be reset after structural changes, for example after an exchange of components and after a re-lubrication due to a lack of lubrication. Another major disadvantage is that a high interpretation effort must be made to conclude from the measured signal on the cause of damage and their location. This interpretation has so far been insufficiently automated.

The disadvantages described here from the prior art are at least partially solved by the invention described below. The

features of the invention will become apparent from the independent claims, to which advantageous embodiments are indicated in the dependent claims. The features of the claims can be combined in any technically meaningful manner, in which case also the explanations from the following

Description and features can be consulted from the figures, which comprise additional embodiments of the invention. Summary of the invention:

The invention relates in a first aspect to a linear guide device for a feed axis, preferably a machine tool, having at least the following components:

- At least one sensor surface of the linear guide device, wherein the

Linear guide means is arranged for linearly guiding a carriage or a spindle nut;

at least one microsensor, preferably at least one strain gauge and / or at least one resistance temperature sensor, for detecting an expansion and / or compression and / or temperature of the at least one sensor surface. The linear guide device is characterized in particular by the fact that the at least one microsensor is permanently connected to the at least one sensor surface.

In a second aspect, the invention relates to a method for thin-film application of a microsensor on a linear guide device, comprising at least the following steps:

a. Applying an electrically insulating first layer on a sensor surface of a linear guide device to be detected;

b. Applying an electrically conductive second layer on the first layer;

c. Patterning the second layer;

d. Applying an electrically insulating and mechanically robust third layer, by means of which the second layer is electrically insulated from the outside and mechanically protected, wherein the third layer is preferably formed from aluminum oxide; and e. before, during or after step b. Applying lead terminals for connecting the second layer to a measuring device.

In a third aspect, the invention relates to a method for introducing a microsensor in a linear guide device, wherein the microsensor is preferably a foil sensor, comprising at least the following steps:

i. Arranging the microsensor at a predetermined position;

ii. Casting and / or soldering at least a portion of the linear guide means about the positioned microsensor;

iii. before, during or after step i. Positioning lead terminals on a microsensor for a measuring device.

In a fourth aspect, the invention relates to a computer-executable method for detecting loads in a linear guide device with at least one microsensor and a computer-readable device, by means of which the method is executable, the method is characterized in particular by the fact that a plurality of strain gauges are provided and a deformation of the sensor surface causes a change in resistance of at least one of the strain gauges in the measurement alignment, wherein the shape and modulus of the linear guidance device the alignment and position of the strain gauges are stored,

and wherein the applied linear force and / or the applied torque is calculated on the basis of the respective changes in resistance of the strain gauges together with the stored values of shape, modulus and position, wherein preferably the lifetime is extrapolated from this and / or measures for increasing the service life are determined ,

Detailed description of the invention:

The invention relates to a linear guide device for a feed axis, preferably a machine tool, comprising at least the following components:

- At least one sensor surface of the linear guide device, wherein the

A linear guide device is set up for a feed axis, as a rule at least one of the translational axes x-axis, y-axis and z-axis. Such a linear guide device is for the advance of a tool, for example a milling head, and for advancing a workbench, on which a workpiece to be machined is receivable and fixable, but also for example one

(Machine-internal) tool exchange warehouse and a movable cooling system and a movable exhaust system of a machine tool used. Other

Applications are possible, for example, in the area of press shops, plant construction and special machine construction. The sizes, materials and general mechanical properties as well as the guidance precision are adapted to the respective application. For example, the linear guide device is a profiled rail for guiding and moving a carriage or a spindle for a translationally movable spindle nut.

A sensor surface of a linear guide device is a surface, which is usually not directly involved in the storage, for example of a carriage. So usually not a contact surface for a rolling element and not an (antagonistic) surface of a hydrostatic bag. Rather, the sensor surface, for example, a rear side of a contact surface or borders, preferably at a corner, to a Contact surface on. Preferably, the sensor surface is selected so that particularly large deformations occur, preferably at one (inner or outer) end of a projecting structure. In the case of a profiled rail, the preferred sensor surface is, for example, the surface opposite the joining surface, into which the most often the

Counterbores for screw heads for screwing the rail are inserted. Another possible sensor surface is a surface laterally to the joining surface, preferably between spanning bearing surfaces. Such surfaces are close to the loads and are located on an abutment forming region of the

Profile rail, which is subject to deformation under load. In a spindle, a preferred sensor surface is the outermost peripheral surface on the screw drive, that is the outer surfaces of the flanges of the spiral. These are on the one hand well accessible from the outside and on the other hand no direct requirements for bearing elements. Nevertheless, they are subject to the direct influence of stress during operation. Particularly preferably, the sensor surface is only the thread-free surface between the screw drive and a drive of the spindle. Due to the ever-present information about the location of a driven spindle nut, the location and the cause of the load are nevertheless easily ascertainable.

Sensor surfaces are in a specific embodiment but also bearing surfaces, which, for example, by rolling elements, are directly loaded. For this purpose, mechanically particularly robust microsensors are to be used. These are in one embodiment

Strain gauges with a meander structure in classical construction. Particularly preferred are microsensors of so-called a: C-H (amorphous carbon, also called diamond-like carbon, DLC) between electrodes of a hard metal, preferably chromium, which measure in the direction of loading. The (used) measuring range of these directly loaded microsensors is in one embodiment only outside the direct load. Such a microsensor is therefore only sufficient

stable load, in order to be loaded between measuring times of, for example, a rolling element. Alternatively, the direct load of, for example, a rolling element can be detected. In the latter case, beyond the pure mechanical stability, the

Measurement unusable due to local deformation of the microsensor.

A microsensor is a sensor that has microstructures in the range of usually less than 1 mm [millimeter] and its physical

Material properties in influencing the microstructure formed

generates electrical signal. An electrical signal is a detectable deviation from a standard state. For example, a microsensor comprises at least one strain gauge, in which the electrical resistance due to geometric deformation of the microstructure, so the geometric effect in particular at

Metallic materials, and / or stretching at the molecular level, ie piezo-resistive especially in semiconductor materials, is changeable. Thus the direction of the

Deformation is determined, a meander-shaped structure is usually selected, which meanders transversely to a single measurement orientation, that is, the tracks of the strain gauge extending along the measurement orientation and have alternately top and bottom side connectors. Thus, cross-influences are negligible for many applications or obliterated by (partial) symmetry. It is also a capacitive strain gauge can be used, which are usually not flat, so as a layer sensor, constructed and this must be considered in the placement of strain gauges. With a strain gauge as a result of close contact with a surface an elongation or compression of the surface in μιτι- range [micrometer range] can be detected. In addition, with one

Strain gauge but also temperature changes measurable, because the material has a temperature-dependent resistivity. Such strain gauges can be applied directly by thin-layer application, for example by sputtering, vapor deposition, lamination, printing, electrodeposition and / or spraying or

Flame spraying. Strain gauges are also known as film sensors as finished microsensors or subcomponents of microsensors, for example by means of gluing, with the

Linear guide device connectable. Foil strain gauges are preferably glued and wired manually.

Advantageous measuring materials are alloys such as constantan (54% copper, 45%

Nickel, 1% manganese), NiCr [nickel-chromium] or FW [platinum-tungsten], but it is also possible to use layers of a semiconductor material, for example Si [silicon].

A microsensor preferably comprises a plurality of individual, preferably interconnected on the micro level, sensor elements, such as a plurality of strain gauges with a single measurement orientation and / or at least one

Resistance temperature sensor. The sensor elements are preferably interconnected to produce adjusted measurement signals and / or each serve to detect a single, clearly defined measured value, for example a strain gauge for detecting an expansion or compression in a spatial direction.

Furthermore, simple resistance temperature sensors which change their resistance to changes in temperature, preferably in a proportional manner, can be used additionally or alternatively. In particular, it is therefore possible to infer increased friction in the region of a temperature increase.

Preferably, resistance temperature sensors are used in combination with strain gauges, particularly preferably at least one additional strain gage is used as the resistance temperature sensor, in order to eliminate or eliminate temperature-related cross-influences. A Wheatstone is preferred Bridge circuit used to adjust for small changes in resistance

To be able to absorb cross-influences.

The at least one microsensor is arranged close to a sensor surface, so that the deformation or temperature change of the sensor surface is transmitted in the largest possible amount to the at least one microsensor. In a further variant, the at least one microsensor is arranged directly on the sensor surface, for example adhesively applied as a film sensor or as a surface sensor directly by thin-film technology or printed. The at least one microsensor remains over the life of the machine tool

or the respective linear guide device on site and is thus permanently set up via a suitable measuring electronics for detecting loads.

A disadvantage of the previously known Condition Monitoring method is that the force that acts on the components and is the cause of all further damage, has not been measured. As stated earlier, overload and assembly errors (which in turn create a non-optimal load distribution) are responsible for over 50% of all failures. The disadvantage is that with these methods so far only progressive damage, but not the underlying loads are measured.

The great advantage of force measurement over vibration measurements is that it can be measured during operation of the machine and no separate test drives must be performed. The operating parameters are measured directly, do not distort the measurement result and are available in real time.

In contrast, here are the microsensors in or on a

Linear guide device arranged, preferably for sensor surfaces of rails and sensor surfaces on the circumference of ball screws. In this way, both a deformation and a temperature is spatially resolved and time-resolved measurable. By continuously measuring these values, the load history of a component can be completely captured.

The big advantage of monitoring with sensory surfaces lies on the one hand in the possible, high spatial resolution and the fact that not the damage, but directly the forces occurring at the component level can be measured.

As a result, both the actual component can be monitored, as well as the

Force introduction into structural components, such as the machine bed. If this breaks due to overloading, this usually results in total economic damage to the machine. In addition, such a microsensor measures during operation, so that no productive machine time is lost for test drives.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the linear guide device, the at least one microsensor has at least one strain gauge with a single Measurement alignment in at least one of the following arrangements:

- transverse to a center line between two sides of the bearing;

- At least two strain gauges each with the measurement orientation transverse to and equidistant to a center line between two sides of the bearing;

- with the measurement orientation along a centerline between two sides of the bearing.

The invention comprises at least one strain gauge, preferably numerous

Strain gauge, which is applied or manufactured on (or in) the linear guide device in order to measure the loads acting thereon during operation and to determine the remaining service life of the monitored component from these measured values.

A guide rail of a linear guide device is screwed either from above or from below, for example with a machine tool. The carriage or slide runs on balls (ball guide), cylindrical rolling elements (roller guide) or is hydrostatically supported via the guide rail and thus performs a linear movement.

Due to the forces and torques occurring during operation deforms the

Guide rail. The deformation is proportional to the occurring force and / or the moment occurring and can be detected via the at least one strain gauge. In order to protect the at least one strain gauge from wear and damage, it is advantageous to embed the strain gauge either in the material of the guide rail, or to install directly on the sensor surface of the guide rail.

Three different arrangements are particularly preferred, which are described in detail below, which can also be combined with one another.

Basically, the following load cases occur:

The carriage rolls around the feed axis, so tilts laterally to the feed direction. Of the

Carriage nods around the axis transverse to the feed axis, so tilts in the feed direction. The carriage yaws around the vertical axis with respect to the aforementioned axes. In addition, purely translational movements in the two stored directions are possible, ie transversely to the feed direction. Accordingly, tensile loads and pressure loads occur on the guide rail.

In a first arrangement are two strain gauges to the right and left of a central axis of the guide rail with their measurement orientation transverse to the central axis. The positioning differs depending on the model of leadership and can be found out through simulations or practical tests. For tensile load on the guide rail (load in the direction of solution of the mounting screws of

Guide rail) both strain gauges are compressed, under pressure on the guide rail (load in the tightening direction of the fastening screws of the Guide rail), both strain gauges are stretched. When a force is introduced from the side of the guide rail (load across a fastening screw), a sensor element is compressed, the other stretched; the strain gauges behave as well when a moment acts around the longitudinal axis of the guide. With this arrangement, therefore, in addition to the absolute height and the direction of the force can be determined.

In a second arrangement, only one strain gauge with the same

Measuring orientation as in the first arrangement, preferably on the center line of the

Guide rail, used. This can only be between tensile load and

Pressure load, ie compression or elongation, different. Lateral forces and moments are only partially detected. However, this variant represents a cost-effective alternative. A temperature drift can be calculated on the software side in the signal processing and is often supplied by the manufacturer of the microsensor. A temperature drift has, at least initially, a relatively slow increase, while an expansion or compression due to a load with a force occurs relatively suddenly.

In a third arrangement, the two strain gauges are arranged as in the first arrangement left and right of a central axis, but not in a line transverse to the feed axis, but are offset in the feed direction to each other. If the guide carriage is located above the measuring point formed by the strain gauges, you can still record all measured values as in the first arrangement. In addition, in dynamic use, that is, when the carriage moves, the speed and the direction of movement of the carriage can be detected via this arrangement. Furthermore, two further strain gauges are drawn in the third arrangement, the measurement orientation is rotated by 90 ° to the other two strain gauges.

Although they do not measure the deformation of the guide rail, they are subject to the same thermal influences as the two measuring strain gauges and can therefore be used for temperature compensation.

The individual sensor elements are then read out via a corresponding electronics. Conveniently, they are interconnected in a Wheatstone bridge. The measurement is preferably readable via a two-wire measurement, three-wire measurement, four-wire measurement or six-conductor measurement.

The sensor elements are individually readable, with or without temperature compensation, readable (quarter bridge) or in the case of two strain gauges (first and third arrangement) in a crossed half-bridge, also with or without temperature compensation, readable. In the case of the crossed half-bridge, however, information about laterally acting forces and moments about the longitudinal axis of the guide rail is then lost. However, the sensitivity of this interconnection is doubled compared to the second arrangement.

With the arrangement of the at least one microsensor proposed here also conclusions can be drawn on the carriage, such as the loads and

Deformations, temperature and manufacturing defects and damage.

In particular, together with a data sheet supplied by the manufacturer,

or FEM model, the deformations determined by means of the applied microsensors can be used to calculate the information about the carriage described above.

Temperatures can also be measured with the meander-shaped structure. Alternatively or additionally, thermocouples can be used for the temperature measurement. The measurement of the force can also be carried out with a piezoelectric element. At a

Piezoelement is usually a ceramic material used, which performs a deformation due to its special crystal structure under load, which leads to a charge shift in the crystal. This charge shift causes a proportional voltage change. This can be used as a measurement signal.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the linear guide device, the at least one microsensor is fastened by means of at least one of the following manufacturing methods:

- introducing the at least one microsensor in a recess in the

Linear guide device, wherein the recess with the introduced microsensor is materially closed, preferably by means of partial embedding or pouring and / or by means of soldering, wherein preferably the at least one microsensor

Foil sensor is inserted and rolled in the recess;

Embedding or pouring the at least one microsensor during the casting, preferably the continuous casting, the linear guide device;

- Surface adhering of the at least one microsensor on the at least one sensor surface; and

- Flat thin-layer application of the microsensor on the at least one

Sensor surface.

To protect the microsensors from wear and damage, it is advantageous to either embed them in the guide rail material or to mount them on the surface of the rail.

Until now it was not conceivable to integrate sensors in materials. However, it has surprisingly been found that the integration of microsensors into different materials is possible with the aid of microsystem technology. New microsensors have been developed that can be used in various materials such as elastomers, epoxy resin, Carbon fiber composites, steel and aluminum can be embedded. For this purpose, the materials required for the function of the sensor are essentially adapted to the mechanical and thermal properties of the material into which it is to be integrated. The microsystem technology offers the technological advantage of using as little material as possible to manufacture a microsensor and thus introducing as little foreign material as possible into the linear guide. Thus, after

Completion of the introduction can be expected only a minimal weakening of the material. Require the technological conditions for the production of such structures

Clean room technology. The temperature load of the linear unit during embedding of the sensor depends on the embedding process: When using an adhesive, temperatures from room temperature up to 180 ° C can occur. When soldering, it depends on the choice of the solder. There are low-melting solders, so-called

Soft solders processed in a temperature range of about 60 ° C to about 450 ° C [Celsius], and so-called brazing alloys processed in a temperature range of about 450 ° C to about 800 ° C. Alternatively, the sensor can be welded in or can be applied by means of injection (for example flame spraying). In a particularly preferred embodiment, the microsensor is mounted on a carrier substrate of a metal, preferably a metal at least similar to the solder or a steel which is at least similar to the steel of the guide rail. With the

subsequent process of embedding this carrier substrate is cohesively, so absorbed at the molecular level, and there remain only the protective layer (s) and

Functional layer (s) of the microsensor as extrinsic inclusions in the recess. This results in a very good mechanical transmission of the deformations of the guide rail on the embedded microsensor.

Such material-integrated microsensors make it possible to obtain data from one

Get out component to determine the state of the component. For example, microsensors are integrated into a guide rail to measure the thermal and mechanical stresses in the guide rail. This also conclusions on the slide can be drawn, such as the loads and

Deformations, temperature and manufacturing defects and damage.

In particular, together with a data sheet supplied by the manufacturer,

or FEM model, the deformations determined by means of the material-integrated microsensors can be used to calculate the information about the carriage described above. The embedding of the microsensor can be done during steel casting, but also after production by soldering, gluing or partial pouring.

For condition monitoring, the essential parameters are temperature and force. A force acts on the area of the guide rail, in which the carriage, or carriage, is located. Guide rollers and / or hydrostatic bearing pockets transfer the force from the carriage to the guide rail. These forces can be measured with such a microsensor. A very simple implementation of such a microsensor is a simple meandering structure made of a metal, for example gold, chromium, platinum or others as well

Metal alloys, on a substrate of, for example, ceramic and / or metal and a blend. However, the sensor structure must be completely insulated, because otherwise there will be electrical short circuits due to the embedding in the electrically conductive material, usually steel, of the guide rail. The meander-shaped structure of metal preferably has a layer thickness of less than 1 μιτι [microns] and is very easy to produce by known microtechnical processes. Insulations can also be applied using microengineering techniques. This structure can be in one

Guide rail to be installed.

If the guide rail is deformed as a result of the force, so does the deformed

Sensor structure, which is measurable on the basis of the geometric (metal), or the piezo-resistive (semiconductor), effect in the change of the resistance. A suitable position is preferred by means of a FEM [finite element method]

Simulation determined. It is preferably not in the largest load range, but there are sufficient deformations to measure forces can. When choosing the position, the integrity and in particular the stability or rigidity of the guide rail should preferably be taken into account. In addition to the integration of only a single strain gauge and multiple strain gauges can be integrated in order to measure preferably above-mentioned type and torques or bending forces can. In a preferred variant, the microsensor is introduced into a depression which, for example, from the joint surface, the

Guide rail is open or to this side line connections are arranged to the microsensor. The depression is preferably complete

locked.

Alternatively, the at least one microsensor is introduced directly during production, for example casting or continuous casting of a steel rail. Then, the microsensor is arranged in a notional recess, which coincides with the

Imformungsabmaßen the microsensor together with portions of extending out of the guide rail line connections covers.

Piezoelement is usually a ceramic material used, which performs a strain due to its special crystal structure under load, which leads to a Charge shift in the crystal leads. This charge shift causes a proportional voltage change. This can be used as a measurement signal.

In an alternative embodiment, which can also be used in combination with the embodiment explained above, at least one microsensor is applied to a surface, for example a guide rail or a threaded rod of a spindle drive of a linear guide device, namely a sensor surface. Thus, the loads acting on the component can be measured during operation and the remaining life of the monitored component can be determined from these measured values. Such a sensor system is suitable for all types of linear guide devices. An application is explained using the example of a guide rail. The

Guide rail is bolted to the machine either from above or from below. A carriage runs over the guide rail and thus leads to a linear

Move out.

Due to the forces and moments occurring during operation deforms the

Guide rail. The deformation is proportional to the force and can be detected by strain gauges. The strain gauges are glued either as finished sensor elements (film strain gauges) and manually wired or manufactured in thin-film technology directly on the guide rail or in the

Integrated guide rail.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the linear guide device, a multiplicity of microsensors are over a length of the at least one sensor surface

arranged, wherein preferably the density of the microsensors in one

Processing section, preferably from a machine tool, is higher than in a pure transport section, preferably from a machine tool.

The number of measuring points in the longitudinal direction of the guide rail is variable. The

Measuring points can be arranged equidistant to each other or in the region of greater loads in a higher density Presence, that can be arranged with a smaller compared to other lengths of the guide rail with a smaller distance from each other. In a machine tool, it is for example possible to provide a higher density in a processing section and on a

Transport section between processing section and tool change to provide a lower density. Also preferred are the arrangements in the sections

different because, for example, in a transport section often no or only small loads are introduced to the guide rail, which differ from the pure inertial forces and weight forces of the carriage. One

Processing section is a section of a linear guide device, in which

Machining forces can occur, for example when milling, both on the

Tool side as well as on the workpiece side. These sections are usually clearly circumscribe. As processing sections and tool change points can be considered, provided that considerable forces are introduced here. All other sections are usually pure transport sections, in which a carriage moves from one position (for example, for tool change) to another position (for example, into a section of the machining). Thus the costs are individual

Machine tools, or other applications, significantly reduced.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a feed axis is proposed with two parallel linear guide means as guide rails according to the above description, which are adapted for guiding a carriage.

The carriage is mounted by means of balls, rollers or other rolling elements, or stored hydrostatically. By means of this feed axis is the load of a

Feed movement of the carriage on the linear guide devices detectable. For this purpose, the microsensors, preferably externally interconnected, and it is used on a stored movement model of the feed axis or the carriage. This overloads are detected and it can be targeted

Remedial action, such as reorienting a warehouse.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a machine tool having at least one feed axis according to the above description is proposed.

The feed axis is for feed movements of a carriage for a workpiece or for a machining tool, or for moving a

Tool changer each set along a translational spatial axis. In this case, incorrect loads as well as a malfunction of the machine tool can be detected. Particularly preferably, the sensor data are read out in a, preferably external, measuring electronics and with the help of stored movement models of the

Machine tool automated and, preferably just-in-time interpreted.

In a ball screw, the strain gauge is preferably mounted on the surface of the screw between the drive, ie motor or gear, and thread of the screw drive. Thus on the cylindrical surface of the shoot.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a method for the

Thin layer application of a microsensor on a linear guide device

proposed, which has at least the following steps:

b. Applying an electrically conductive second layer on the first layer;

c. Patterning the second layer; d. Applying an electrically insulating and mechanically robust third layer, by means of which the second layer is electrically insulated from the outside and mechanically protected, wherein the third layer is preferably formed from aluminum oxide; and e. before, during or after step b. Applying lead terminals for connecting the second layer to a measuring device.

According to this method it is proposed to use at least one microsensor in

Thin-film technology directly on the linear guide device produce. The special feature is therefore that here the linear guide device forms the base substrate and the microsensor is not first manufactured separately and then has to be joined. For this purpose, first a first layer, namely an electrical insulation layer, is deposited on the guide rail. In turn, the second layer, namely the sensor layer, is deposited thereon. Advantageous are typical strain gauge alloys as stated above, namely constantan, NiCr or FW, but also layers of a semiconductor material. Subsequently, the sensor layer is patterned. This can be done by means of etching, laser or electrochemical removal. The supply lines or the line connections are preferably also produced in this step. They can either consist of the same material as the sensor layer or of another, electrically conductive material. Finally, a third layer, which is electrically insulating, is applied to protect the sensor layer. It is advantageous to resort to a wear protection layer such as alumina.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method for

Thin layer application of a microsensor is performed before step a. in a step a1. a recess of at least the depth and at least the surface of the microsensor is introduced into the sensor surface to be detected.

In this preferred embodiment, the at least one micro-sensor is very well protected against mechanical abrasion by the side of the material of

Linear guide device is protected. Thus, such a linear guide device is to be handled normally during transport and assembly.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, during or after the production of the blank, for example by means of forging and / or rolling, at least one recessed structure is introduced into the linear guide device in a sensor surface for arranging at least one microsensor. The first layer is applied to this structure, then the second layer. Now, the portions of the second layer forming the trace, and possibly the leads for the lead terminals, are below the desired surface of the respective sensor face in the recessed structure. Subsequently, in a milling process or grinding process, the parts of the second layer protruding from the recessed structures are removed. The milling process and / or the grinding process are not additional steps, but are used to manufacture the linear guide device. Thus, the structuring of the second layer in the manufacturing process of

Integrate linear guide device. Finally, the third layer is applied. According to a further aspect of the invention, a method for introducing a microsensor in a linear guide device is proposed, wherein the

Microsensor is preferably a film sensor, which has at least the following steps:

i. Arranging the microsensor at a predetermined position;

iii. before, during or after step i. Positioning lead terminals on the microsensor for a measuring device.

New microsensors have been developed that can be embedded in various materials such as elastomers, epoxy, carbon fiber composites, steel and aluminum. For this purpose, reference is made to the above description. The technological prerequisites for the production of such structures require cleanroom technology. With the help of such integrated microsensors, it is possible to get data out of a component to determine the state of the component. For example, microsensors are integrated into a guide rail to measure the thermal and mechanical stresses in the guide rail. This also conclusions can be drawn on the slide. Conclusions are for example the position,

Speed, preload of the carriage and the temperature of rolling elements and a break or damage a rolling element. For this purpose, known properties from the data sheet of the carriage and / or the

Linear guide rail, for example, the spring characteristics, can be used. The embedding of the microsensor can be done both during the steel casting, but also in the

Connection to the production by soldering or partial pouring.

A suitable position is preferably as described above by means of a FEM

Simulation determined.

Strain gauges are usually glued flat on the component to be examined. In a preferred embodiment, however, a strain gauge is mounted in a recess, for example a bore. In this recess, the microsensor is introduced and fixed by means of casting of metal, plastic, preferably an epoxy, and mechanically connected to the linear guide device. In order to keep the diameter of the recess as low as possible and yet be able to accommodate a strain gauge with as many meanders as possible, and thus with a high measuring sensitivity, but also wider, is the film sensor, preferably to the Insert shaft into the recess, rolled up. If the micro-sensor is rolled, this lies over a large area on the wall of the, preferably bore-shaped, depression. Thus, the distance to the solid material of the linear guide device is low and increases the sensitivity to an integration of a disk-shaped element with a matrix material.

Alternatively, the sensor is mounted on a steel substrate and is inserted into a recess. By a subsequent cohesive, preferably welded or cast connection, a very good transfer of the deformation is achieved on the strain gauge and at the same time the weakening of the depression again (almost) completely canceled. This step is preferably performed before a heat treatment of a guide rail.

At a low attenuation, such a strain gauge is also in one

Ball screw can be accommodated.

In addition to the integration of only a single strain gauge and multiple strain gauges can be integrated in order to measure preferably above-mentioned type and torques or bending forces can. In a preferred variant, the microsensor is introduced into a recess which is open from the joining surface of the guide rail or to this side are arranged line connections to the microsensor. The depression is preferably completely closed.

Alternatively, the at least one microsensor is introduced directly during production, for example casting or continuous casting of a steel rail. Then, the micro-sensor (in the final product) is arranged in a notional recess which coincides with the molding dimensions of the micro-sensor along with portions of the lead terminals extending out of the guide rail.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method for introducing a microsensor, the linear guide device is before step i. already to at least one recess for at least one microsensor, preferably completely, completed, and the microsensor is in step i. positionable by means of the depression, and in step ii. the recess is closed by partial casting and / or soldering and fixed the microsensor.

This method allows the completion of at least one microsensor after the production of a linear guide device, without any disadvantages for the

Measurements are made. In particular, a mechanical connection quality is achieved, which corresponds to a one-piece production, or at least comes very close, because the alloy for the partial casting with the material of the linear guide device is identical or at least mechanically similar, or significantly better mechanical power lines are achieved in a soldering, than this is the case with a gluing. In addition, the mechanical material properties of a solder, in particular during brazing, welding or injection, are often very similar to the mechanical and thermal material properties of the material of the linear guide device in the region of an operating temperature of a machine tool.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method for introducing a microsensor according to an embodiment as described above, the linear guiding device is supplied to at least one of the following treatment steps only after step ii., Preferably after step Mi.

- Surface hardening of the linear guide device; and

- Starting the linear guide device.

A heat treated guide rail must often not be heated above 120 ° C [Celsius], because otherwise the (martensitic) crystal structure of the guide rail will be changed and thus the mechanical properties will be worsened. In particular, the hardening properties (freezing of the martensitic crystal structure) are lost and the guide rail becomes soft and the surface holds

Surface pressure does not stand. Many microsensors are however quite for the

High temperature use and therefore can at an early stage of

Manufacturing the guide rail are introduced. The subsequent

Heat treatments do not damage the microsensors. In a usual

Manufacturing process of a conventional linear guide device is first produced by a forming process, the basic shape (blank), for example by forging and / or rolling. Subsequently, the functional surfaces are milled and / or ground. Preferably, the at least one microsensor is applied after the forming, preferably after milling and / or grinding. Finally, the linear guide device is fed to a corresponding heat treatment.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a computer-executable method for detecting stresses in a linear guide device having at least one microsensor as described above, and a computer-readable device comprising this computer-executable method. This computer-executable method is characterized in particular by the fact that a plurality of strain gauges are provided and a deformation of the

Sensor surface in the measurement alignment causes a change in resistance of at least one of the strain gauges, the shape and modulus of the linear guide device, the orientation and location of the strain gauges are stored,

and wherein the applied linear force and / or the applied torque is calculated on the basis of the respective changes in resistance of the strain gauges together with the stored values of shape, modulus and position, wherein preferably the lifetime extrapolated and / or determined measures to increase the life become.

The data of the linear guide device are preferably supplied by a manufacturer of the linear guide device and can be stored variable by hand or fixed and inaccessible. For example, based on a FEM simulation, the recorded values are calculated by the strain gauges.

In addition, in a preferred embodiment, the movement of the carriage on the linear guide device is detected, preferably together with similarly determined data of a further linear guide device of the same feed axis. For this purpose, a mechanical movement model of the carriage is stored.

In a preferred embodiment, not only a second linear guide of the same feed axis are compared, but via a link and evaluation of the data via the Internet, all measurements on the same type of leadership in different machines under different environmental conditions

to compare. Damage models are generated automatically and the machines at user A automatically learn from the machines at user B. Of course, the application can also be used via a company-internal intranet so that in-house know-how is not passed on to third parties.

Brief Description:

The above-described invention will now be described in detail in the background of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate preferred embodiments. The invention is characterized by the pure

schematic drawings are not limited in any way, wherein it should be noted that the drawings are not dimensionally accurate and are not suitable for the definition of size ratios. It is shown in

1 shows a linear guide device with different measuring arrangements;

Fig.2: a guide rail in cross section;

Fig.3: a spindle drive with spindle nut; 4: a machine tool; and

Fig. 5: a microsensor on a sensor surface in section.

In Fig. 1, a linear guide device 1 is shown, here a rail for a ball bearing carriage (not shown). On one of the possible sensor surfaces 4, here the upper side of the profile rail, between the (directly loadable) first bearing side 17 and the (here concealed, directly loadable) second bearing side 18 are here

various configurations of micro-sensors 7 (7a, 7b, 7c) are shown with some of a plurality of strain gauges, which with partially different

Measuring alignments 15 (double arrow) are arranged. The linear guide device 1 is here several times from the top along the center line 16 screwed. The centerline 16 defines the x-axis 43 to which the z-axis 45 is conventionally defined as being installed upward as shown in the figure. From the usual standard, the orientation of the y-axis 44 results as shown. Because of the better representability, an x force 33 (which will have no influence because it is the only free direction) and an x torque 36 with a common double arrow are shown next to the linear guide device 1. Similarly, a y-force 34 and a y-torque 37, and a z-force 35 and a z-torque 38 is shown.

In the first microsensor 7a, two strain gauges 9 and 10 are arranged to the right and left of the center line 16 with their measurement orientation 15 transverse to the center line 16. When tensile load (z-force 35 in the arrow direction) both strain gauges 9 and 10 are compressed under pressure load (z Force 35 against the arrow direction) both strain gauges 9 and 10 are stretched. When a force is introduced from the side (y-force 34), a strain gauge (at y-force 34 in the direction of arrow strain gauge 9) is compressed, the other stretched (then strain gauge 10). The same measurement occurs at a z-torque 38 and an x-torque 36. With this arrangement, therefore, in addition to the absolute height and the direction of the force can be determined.

In the case of the second microsensor 7b, only one strain gage 8 oriented transversely to the center line with its measuring orientation 15 is used. This can only be between tensile load and compressive load (compression or elongation)

differ, but only partially lateral forces and moments capture. However, this variant represents a cost-effective alternative.

In the case of the third microsensor 7c, unlike in the case of the first microsensor 7a, the two measuring strain gauges 9 and 10 are not in a line but are arranged offset from one another along the center line 16. In the case of the third microsensor 7c, nevertheless, all measured values can be recorded as in the case of the first microsensor 7a. In addition, in dynamic use, that is, when the carriage moves, in addition to this arrangement, the speed and the direction of movement of the Guide carriage detectable. Furthermore, in the case of the third microsensor 7c, two further strain gauges 11 and 12 are drawn, whose measuring orientation 15 is rotated by 90 ° to the measuring orientation 15 of the strain gauges 9 and 10. Thus, although these strain gauges 11 and 12 do not measure the deformation of the linear guide device 1, because in this direction, the linear guide device 1 is very stiff. But hereby, a temperature compensation is possible because they are subject to the same thermal influences as the strain gauges 9 and 10 and serve as resistance temperature sensors 13 and 14.

The microsensors 7 can be read out via corresponding electronics.

Conveniently, they are interconnected in a Wheatstone bridge. The measurement can be carried out via a two-wire measurement, three-wire measurement, four-wire measurement or six-wire measurement.

The microsensors 7 can be read out either individually, with or without temperature compensation (quarter bridge) or in the case of two strain gauges

(Microsensors 7a and 7c) in a crossed half bridge, also with or without

Temperature compensation, to be arranged. In the case of the crossed half bridge, however, the information about laterally acting forces and torques around the longitudinal axis of the guide rail is then lost. However, the interconnection is twice as sensitive compared to the second microsensor 7b.

2 is a linear guide device 1, here a profile rail with a

Basic construction as shown in Fig. 1, shown in cross section. Here, the ball bearing surfaces 39, 40, 41 and 42 are clearly visible on the two bearing sides 17 and 18. Here, three possible sensor surfaces 4 are designated, in which case also the two bearing sides 17 and 18 represent suitable surfaces. In this example, the microsensors 7 are not disposed on the surface. Rather, here the strain gauges 9 and 10 are each arranged in a recess 19 and 20, which are here, for example, first drilled and then filled after the positioning of the strain gauges 9 and 10 by partial casting. Thus, the microsensors 7 in the

Linear guide device 1 embedded. The measured values obtained relate approximately to the lateral sensor surfaces 4 on the bearing sides 17

or 18. The measurement orientation 15 is in this case in particular for the z-force 35 along the z-axis 45 (same tensile load or compressive load on both

Strain gauges 9 and 10) and for an x-torque 36 about the x-axis 43 (respectively opposite tensile load and compressive load on the strain gauges 9 and 10), as well as for a lateral force (y-force 34) along the y-axis 44 (respectively opposite tensile load and compressive load on the strain gauges 9 and 10). The measuring signals are shown purely schematically here by means of the first and second Line terminals 27 and 28 forwarded to a measuring device 29, and there connected, for example by means of a Wheatstone bridge to a measured value.

In Figure 3, a linear guide device 1 is shown as a ball screw 51, on which an axially movable spindle nut 6 is arranged. The spindle nut 6 is movable in the region of the threaded portion 46. For this purpose, the ball screw 51 is rotatable by means of a drive 48. The ball screw 51 also has a

Shaft section 47, on which no thread is arranged. In this

Shaft section 47, a micro-sensor 7 is arranged, which is preferably designed as shown here with two measuring directions 15 which are mutually orthogonal and arranged inclined by 45 ° to a vertical cross-sectional plane. This can be detected in the ball screw 51 occurring torque loads.

4 shows by way of example a simplified machine tool 3, which has a first feed axis 2 for a workpiece 58 and a second feed axis 53 for a tool 57. By means of a first ball screw 51, a first carriage 5 on a first (paired) profile rails 49 along the first feed axis 2 can be moved. For this purpose, a first spindle nut 6 with the guided first carriage 5 is firmly connected. By means of the first drive 48, the first ball screw 51 is rotated in a controlled manner for this purpose. Similarly, the second feed axis 53 with a second drive 56, a second ball screw 52 and a second

Spindle nut 55 equipped and a second (paired) rail 50, the second carriage 54 is guided. In this case, it is now proposed to arrange microsensors (not shown here) depending on the loads on the length 21 of the first profiled rails 49. In this case, two pure transport sections 23 are formed, in which no processing can take place and an interposed processing section 22, in which the tool 57 initiates forces on the workpiece 58 and thus on the first rail 49. A transport section 23 is for the better, for example

Removability or clamping of the workpiece 58 is provided.

In Figure 5, a section of a linear guide device 1 is shown as a profile rail 49 in section. In this case, a microsensor 7 is arranged in a sensor surface 4, in this case the bearing side 18. In this case, the depth 30 and the (total) surface 31 are adapted to the (desired) size of the microsensor 7. Furthermore, in the sensor surface 4 a

Negative structure 59 when forming the blank of the linear guide device 1 or subsequently introduced. Then the first layer 24 is applied, so that the entire structure is superimposed, but at the same time the negative structure 59 is retained. Subsequently, the second layer 25 is applied, so that the negative structure 59, usually complete, is filled. In this case, regions of the first layer 24 and the regions of the second layer 25 not belonging to the conductor track 32 now extend over the first layer 24 Level of the sensor surface 4 addition. Subsequently, for example, in a grinding process, the excess parts of the first layer 24 and the second layer 25 are removed with, so that the conductor 32, for example meandering formed. Thus, the structuring is performed simultaneously with a processing step of the linear guide device 1. Finally, the third layer 26 is applied and the

Lead terminal 27, preferably by means of soldering or wire bonding, connected to the second layer 25, preferably by means of etching, ultrasonic processing or

removing the third layer 26 by cutting through it. Thus, the microsensor 7 is well protected against mechanical influences. The first layer 24 is configured as an electrical insulator and the third layer 26 as a mechanical protection and as an electrical insulator. The second layer 25 is electrically conductive and has the desired

Sensor properties on. This is connected to a line connection 27, which conducts the measurement signal to a measuring device 29 (not shown) (see FIG. 2).

With the invention shown here is the first time a burden of

Linear guide device during operation of a machine tool directly measurable.

Reference number list:

1 linear guide device

2 first feed axis

3 machine tool

4 sensor surface

5 first sled

6 first spindle nut

7 microsensor

8 first strain gauge

9 second strain gauges

10 third strain gauges

11 fourth strain gauge

12 fifth strain gauges

13 first resistance temperature sensor

14 second resistance temperature sensor

15 measurement alignment

16 midline

17 first bearing side

18 second bearing side

19 first recess

20 second well

21 length

22 processing section

23 transport section

24 first shift

25 second shift

26 third shift

27 first line connection

28 second line connection

29 measuring device

30 depth

31 area

32 trace

33 x force

34 y-force

35 z force x-torque y-torque z-torque first ball-bearing surface second ball-bearing surface third ball-bearing surface fourth ball-bearing surface x-axis

y-axis

z-axis

threaded portion

Shaft section first drive

first rail second rail first ball screw second ball screw second feed axis second carriage second spindle nut second drive

Tool

workpiece

negative structure

Claims

Claims:

1. A linear guide device (1) for a feed axis (2), preferably for a machine tool (3), comprising at least the following components:

- At least one sensor surface (4) of the linear guide device (1), wherein the linear guide means (1) for linear guiding a carriage (5) or a spindle nut (6) is arranged;

- At least one microsensor (7), preferably at least one

Strain gauge (8,9,10,11,12) and / or at least one

Resistance temperature sensor (13,14) for detecting an expansion and / or compression and / or temperature of the at least one sensor surface (4);

characterized in that

the at least one microsensor (7) is permanently connected to the at least one

Sensor surface (4) is connected.

2. The linear guide device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one microsensor (7) has at least one strain gauge (8, 9, 10, 11, 12) with a single measuring orientation (15) in at least one of the following arrangements:

- Transversely on a center line (16) between two bearing sides (17,18);

- At least two strain gauges (8,9,10,11,12) each with the

Measuring orientation (15) transversely to and equidistant from a center line (16) between two bearing sides (17, 18);

- With the measurement orientation (15) along a center line (16) between two bearing sides (17,18).

3. The linear guide device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one microsensor (7) is fastened by means of at least one of the following manufacturing methods:

- Introducing the at least one microsensor (7) in a recess (19,20) in the linear guide device (1), wherein the recess (19,20) with the introduced microsensor (7) cohesively, preferably by means of partial

Embedding and / or is completed by soldering, wherein preferably the at least one microsensor (7) is a film sensor and rolled into the

Recess (19,20) is introduced; - Embedding the at least one IVlikrosensors (7) during the casting, preferably the continuous casting, the linear guide device (1);

- surface adhering of the at least one IVlikrosensors (7) on the at least one sensor surface (4); and

- Flat thin-layer application of the IVlikrosensors (7) on the at least one sensor surface (4).

The linear guide device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a multiplicity of microsensors (7) are arranged over a length (21) of the at least one sensor surface (4), wherein preferably the density of the

Microsensor (7) in a processing section (22), preferably from a machine tool (3), is higher than in a pure transport section (23), preferably by a machine tool (3).

A method for thin film application of a IVlikrosensors (7) on a

Linear guide device (1), comprising at least the following steps:

a. Applying an electrically insulating first layer (24) on a sensor surface to be detected (4) of a linear guide device (1);

b. Applying an electrically conductive second layer (25) on the first

Layer (24);

c. Patterning the second layer (25);

d. Applying an electrically insulating and mechanically robust third

Layer (26), by means of which the second layer (25) is electrically insulated to the outside and mechanically protected, wherein the third layer (26) is preferably made of

Alumina is formed; and

e. before, during or after step b. Applying lead terminals (27, 28) for connecting the second layer (25) to a measuring device (29).

The method for thin film application of a microsensor (7) according to claim 5, wherein prior to step a. in a step a1. a depression (19, 20) of at least the depth (30) and of at least the surface (31) of the microsensor (7) is introduced into the sensor surface (4) to be detected.

A method for introducing a microsensor (7) in one

Linear guide device (1), wherein the microsensor (7) preferably a

Foil sensor is having at least the following steps: i. Arranging the microsensor (7) at a predetermined position; ii. Casting and / or soldering at least part of the linear guide device (1) about the positioned microsensor (7);

iii. before, during or after step i. Positioning lead terminals (27, 28) on the microsensor (7) for a measuring device (29).

8. The method for introducing a microsensor (7) according to claim 7, wherein the linear guide device (1) before step i. Already to at least one recess (19,20) for at least one microsensor (7), preferably completely, is completed, and wherein the microsensor (7) in step i. by means of

Well (19,20) is positionable, and wherein in step ii. the recess (19,20) is closed by partial casting and / or soldering and the microsensor (7) is fixed.

9. The method for introducing a microsensor (7) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the linear guide device (1) at least one of the following

Treatment steps only after step ii., Preferably after step iii., Is supplied:

- Surface hardening of the linear guide device (1); and

- Starting the linear guide device (1)

10. Computer-executable method for detecting loads in a

Linear guide device (1) with at least one microsensor (7) according to one of claims 1 to 4,

characterized in that

a plurality of strain gauges (8,9,10,11,12) are provided and a deformation of the sensor surface (4) in the measuring orientation (15) a

Resistance change at least one of the Dehn measuring strips (8, 9, 10, 11, 12) causes, wherein the shape and modulus of the linear guide device (1) the alignment and location of the strain gauges (8,9,10,11,12) stored are, and based on the respective resistance changes of the

Strain gauge (8,9,10,11,12) together with the stored values shape, modulus and position the applied linear force (33,34,35) and / or the applied torque (36,37,38) is calculated , wherein preferably the lifetime extrapolated and / or measures to increase the life are determined.