CN108000236B - Device for detecting accelerated wear degradation rule of machine tool linear guide rail pair - Google Patents
Device for detecting accelerated wear degradation rule of machine tool linear guide rail pair Download PDFInfo
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- CN108000236B CN108000236B CN201810014883.XA CN201810014883A CN108000236B CN 108000236 B CN108000236 B CN 108000236B CN 201810014883 A CN201810014883 A CN 201810014883A CN 108000236 B CN108000236 B CN 108000236B
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- guide rail
- linear guide
- rail pair
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/007—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for managing machine functions not concerning the tool
- B23Q17/008—Life management for parts of the machine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/01—Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
- B23Q1/015—Frames, beds, pillars
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Bearings For Parts Moving Linearly (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for detecting an accelerated wear degradation rule of a linear guide rail pair of a machine tool, which comprises an upper group of sliding blocks, a lower group of sliding blocks and eight slideway guide rails, wherein the upper group of sliding blocks are connected with three-direction force sensors, the three-direction force sensors are connected to a workbench, and the lower group of sliding blocks are connected with a base. The device for detecting the accelerated wear degradation rule of the linear guide rail pair of the machine tool is simple and convenient to detect and operate, shortens the test time, and reduces the test cost; the test device can be used for testing to obtain a test result which is more in line with the actual working condition, and the detection reliability is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precision machinery manufacturing, in particular to a device for detecting an accelerated wear degradation rule of a linear guide rail pair of a machine tool.
Background
Machine tool refers to a machine for manufacturing machines, also called a machine tool or a machine tool, and is called a machine tool for short. The machine tool plays an important role in the construction of national economy modernization. The numerical control machine tool is a short name of a digital control machine tool (Computer numerical control machine tools), and is an automatic machine tool provided with a program control system. The control system is capable of logically processing and decoding a program defined by a control code or other symbolic instructions, represented by coded numbers, which are input to the numerical control device via the information carrier. After operation, the numerical control device sends out various control signals to control the action of the machine tool, and the parts are automatically machined according to the shape and the size required by the drawing. The numerical control machine tool represents the development direction of the modern machine tool control technology and is a typical mechatronic product. The machining precision of the precision machine tool is in the range of 1-0.1 mu m, a linear guide rail pair of the precision machine tool is a main functional component of a feeding system of the numerical control machine tool, and the running precision and precision degradation rule of the linear guide rail pair are difficult problems which hinder the development of the high-precision and high-speed numerical control machine tool.
At present, in order to ensure the transmission precision of a linear guide rail pair and improve the rigidity of the guide rail pair, the pretightening force is increased by generally adopting a mode of increasing the diameter of a ball, and after the pretightening is carried out for one time, a sliding block has no capability of pretightening again in the whole service cycle of the guide rail, so that after the guide rail is used for a period of time, the guide rail and the sliding block are abraded, the pretightening force is reduced, even a gap is generated, the rigidity of a track is reduced, the positioning precision is lost. Especially for high precision machine tools, a wear of 2 to 3 microns will result in a large reduction in machining precision.
In order to correctly use the linear guide rail pair to ensure the machining precision of the numerical control machine tool, the abrasion and degradation mechanism of the guide rail needs to be researched, the essential abrasion mechanism of the linear guide rail pair is still unknown at present, and a plurality of laboratories design test beds and research are carried out. However, because the machine tool workbench reciprocates and the loading cylinder is fixed, the loading cylinder (hydraulic cylinder) cannot reciprocate along with the workbench during a loading test, so that a loading device and the test bench move relatively and cannot synchronously run with the workbench, and a large error exists in the research and detection of the abrasion of the linear guide rail pair; although the loading cylinder extends out of the piston and the working table top to realize the synchronization of the loading and the working table by arranging the rolling bearing in the prior art, the loading mode is easy to generate unbalanced load during operation, the structure of the test table is complex, the auxiliary structure of the rolling body is increased, the experimental result is deviated from the actual result, larger errors occur, a rolling connection pair is further added to the calculation model, a new rolling joint surface analysis problem is generated at the same time, the complexity of analysis is increased, and larger errors exist.
Therefore, those skilled in the art are dedicated to developing a device for detecting an accelerated wear degradation law of a linear guide rail pair of a machine tool, so as to solve the above-mentioned defect in the prior art that a detection error is large when the wear and degradation of the guide rail is researched during the use of the numerical control machine tool.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that a loading device cannot synchronously run with a workbench and the detection error is large in the conventional linear guide rail pair abrasion test for researching abrasion and degradation of a guide rail of a numerical control machine tool.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a device for detecting the accelerated wear degradation rule of a linear guide rail pair of a machine tool, which comprises an upper group of sliding blocks, a lower group of sliding blocks and eight slide rail pairs, wherein the upper group of sliding blocks are connected with three-direction force sensors, the three-direction force sensors are connected to a workbench, and the lower group of sliding blocks are connected with a base.
Further, the device for detecting the accelerated wear degradation rule of the linear guide rail pair of the machine tool specifically comprises a base, an axial loading beam, a driving motor, a gear, a left side limit switch, a vertical loading beam, bilateral slide rails, a rack, a vertical loading cylinder, a working platform, a radial loading cylinder, bilateral sliders, a right side limit switch, an axial loading cylinder and a three-direction force sensor;
furthermore, the slide rail is a slide rail with two sides, one side of the slide rail is fixedly connected with the base, and the other side of the slide rail is fixedly connected with the working platform;
further, the driving motor is a motor with speed changing and reversing functions;
further, the motor with the speed changing and reversing functions comprises a stepping motor or an alternating current servo motor;
further, the rack is matched with the gear to drive the guide rails on the two sides to reciprocate;
furthermore, the working platform is fixedly connected with the base through the guide rail, and no relative displacement change exists between the working platform and the base;
in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the slideway guide rail reciprocates along the axial direction by the driving device, and the moving distance of the guide rail is limited by limit switches at two sides of the device; the guide rails move in an axial reciprocating translational motion mode, the two bilateral slide rails are fixedly connected together through a connecting piece, racks are arranged on the connecting piece, and the guide rails are driven by a servo motor through the racks; normal and side loads during the test are applied to the work platform by the loading cylinder.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, when the device for detecting the accelerated wear degradation law of the linear guide rail pair of the machine tool operates, the workbench is loaded through the three-way cylinder respectively, and the workbench and the piston of the loading cylinder do not move relatively during loading; the working platform carries out no-load test, unidirectional loading test or simultaneous load test in two directions.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, when the device for detecting the accelerated wear degradation rule of the linear guide rail pair of the machine tool operates, the working platform is fixedly connected relative to the base, and no relative displacement change exists between the working platform and the base, the three-direction force sensor is used for detecting the stress condition of the four bilateral slide blocks during operation, and the detection result establishes a wear model of the guide rail;
the rigidity of the base is greater than that of the tested linear guide rail pair, the driving motor and the gear adopt a stepping motor or an alternating current servo motor, the left limit switch and the right limit switch adopt a mechanical limit switch or an electronic limit switch, the rack is matched with the gear to drive the bilateral guide rails to reciprocate, the working platform is fixed, and the acting force of the axial loading cylinder is zero;
when the working platform moves, the working platform is pulled to move by using the steel wire rope, and the telescopic cylinder of the axial loading cylinder always applies load to the moving working platform; the radial loading cylinder is provided with starting auxiliary elements such as an energy accumulator and an overflow valve, and the energy accumulator can ensure that constant loading is applied within a period of time.
By adopting the scheme, the device for detecting the accelerated wear degradation rule of the linear guide rail pair of the machine tool disclosed by the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) the device for detecting the accelerated wear degradation rule of the linear guide rail pair of the machine tool is simple and compact in structure, no redundant structure exists between an external load applying element cylinder (hydraulic cylinder) and a working platform, and more links in the load applying process are omitted; the defect that detection data errors are large due to the fact that a loading device cannot synchronously run with a workbench in a linear guide rail pair abrasion test is overcome, the stress condition of a machine tool guide rail can be simulated more truly, the loading mode of actual working condition loads can be simulated better, the abrasion degradation rule of the linear guide rail pair is rapidly evaluated by utilizing the acceleration performance degradation test principle, and the detection errors are reduced;
(2) the device for detecting the accelerated wear degradation rule of the linear guide rail pair of the machine tool adopts the symmetrical bilateral eight-slideway device, has novel design, is used as a working platform used in a test and special machining environment, avoids the interference of other component links in the establishment of a mechanical model, only relates to the parameters of a ball, a guide rail slideway and a slide block slideway in analysis, and has small test error; all be equipped with three direction force sensor between work platform and each slider, the atress condition of detection each slider that can be better more accurate can obtain the test result that accords with operating condition more based on this, has improved and has detected the reliability.
(3) The device for detecting the accelerated wear degradation rule of the linear guide rail pair of the machine tool is adopted for detection, so that the test time is shortened, the test cost is reduced, and a feasible technical means is provided for the precision degradation and wear research of the linear guide rail pair;
in conclusion, the device for detecting the accelerated wear degradation rule of the linear guide rail pair of the machine tool is simple and convenient to detect and operate, shortens the test time and reduces the test cost; the data obtained by the test better accords with the actual working condition, and the detection reliability is improved.
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a front view of a device for detecting an accelerated wear degradation law of a linear guide rail pair of a machine tool according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-sided slider guide rail of the apparatus for detecting the accelerated wear degradation law of a linear guide rail pair of a machine tool according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-base, 2-axial loading beam, 3-driving motor and gear, 4-left side limit switch, 5-vertical loading beam, 6-bilateral slide rail, 7-rack, 8-vertical loading cylinder, 9-working platform, 10-radial loading cylinder, 11-bilateral slide block, 12-right side limit switch, 13-axial loading cylinder and 14-three direction force sensor.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more clearly and easily understood by referring to the drawings attached to the specification. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Examples
As shown in FIGS. 1-2, the device for detecting the accelerated wear degradation law of the linear guide rail pair of the machine tool in the embodiment comprises: the device comprises a base 1, an axial loading beam 2, a driving motor and gear 3, a left limit switch 4, a vertical loading beam 5, a bilateral slide rail 6, a rack 7, a vertical loading cylinder 8, a working platform 9, a radial loading cylinder 10, bilateral sliders 11, a right limit switch 12, an axial loading cylinder 13 and a three-direction force sensor 14;
the rigidity of base 1 is far greater than by the linear guide pair 6 of being tested, load beam 2, 5 have the indeformable ability of heavy load, driving motor and gear 3 adopt step motor or alternating current servo motor, left side limit switch 4 and right side limit switch 12 all adopt the high and good reliability's of sensitivity machinery limit switch, rack 7 and gear 3 cooperation are responsible for driving the reciprocal operation of bilateral guide 6, vertical loading cylinder 8, axial loading cylinder 13, work platform is fixed when carrying out linear guide wearing and precision degradation test, the effort of axial loading cylinder 13 is zero. When the workbench moves, the workbench can be pulled to move by using the steel wire rope, at the moment, the telescopic cylinder (movable cylinder) of the axial loading air cylinder can always apply load to the moving working platform 9 (namely the telescopic cylinder always props against the working platform), and the loading mode can be unidirectional loading or bidirectional loading. The radial loading cylinders 10 are all provided with starting auxiliary elements such as an energy accumulator and an overflow valve, and the energy accumulator can ensure that constant loading is applied within a period of time.
The working platform 9 is fixedly connected with the base 1, relative displacement change does not exist between the two, the double-side sliding blocks 11 and the three-direction force sensor 14 are used for detecting the stress condition of the four double-side sliding blocks 6 during operation, and therefore a wear model of the guide rail can be established conveniently.
The specific detection method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the guide rail is a double-side slide block linear guide rail pair, the whole linear guide rail pair is in a Chinese character 'ri' shape, a rack is arranged in the middle of the linear guide rail pair, and the linear guide rail pair is driven by a motor to reciprocate by a gear rack (or a belt);
step 2: the loading cylinder selects loading data consistent with the actual milling machine processing condition, can simultaneously load in three directions simultaneously or optionally load in one direction or two directions separately, and is provided with an energy accumulator, a pressure retaining valve, an overflow valve and the like, so that the stability of the loading process can be ensured;
and step 3: installing the guide rails on the two sides, adjusting the position of a limit switch of the guide rails, and starting the test bed to run in a non-load high-speed running-in mode;
and 4, step 4: carrying out a load high-speed running-in experiment, wherein the test load is higher than the load of the ball screw pair in normal use, namely more than 10% of the maximum rated dynamic load;
and 5: and analyzing according to the detection data obtained in the steps to obtain the relative law of accelerated wear degradation of the linear guide rail pair of the machine tool.
In addition, the test bed can be used for dry friction experiments, namely dry friction experiments without any lubricating medium between tracks, and wet friction experiments with oil lubricating medium water or oil films.
Through test detection, the device overcomes the defect of large detection data error caused by the fact that a loading device and a workbench cannot synchronously run in a linear guide rail pair abrasion test, is simple and convenient to operate, well reflects the abrasion rule of a machine tool linear guide rail pair, and has good guiding significance for actual production.
Other technical schemes of the invention also have similar using effects.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A device for detecting an accelerated wear degradation rule of a machine tool linear guide rail pair is characterized by comprising a base, an axial loading beam, a bilateral slide block guide rail pair, a driving motor, a gear, a left limit switch, a right limit switch, a vertical loading beam, a rack, a vertical loading cylinder, a working platform, a radial loading cylinder, a right limit switch, an axial loading cylinder and a three-direction force sensor;
the double-side sliding block guide rail pair comprises an upper group of sliding blocks, a lower group of sliding blocks and eight sliding rail guide rails; the slide block guide rail pairs on the two sides are in a shape of Chinese character 'ri', and a rack is arranged in the middle; the upper group of sliding blocks are connected with the three-direction force sensors, the three-direction force sensors are connected to the working platform, and the lower group of sliding blocks are connected with the base;
the driving motor is a motor with speed changing and reversing functions and comprises a stepping motor or an alternating current servo motor;
the rack is matched with the gear to drive the slide rail to reciprocate along the axial direction;
the working platform is fixedly connected with the base through the guide rail, and no relative displacement change exists between the working platform and the base;
the moving distance of the slide rail is limited by limit switches on two sides of the axial loading beam;
when the device for detecting the accelerated wear degradation rule of the linear guide rail pair of the machine tool runs, the workbench is loaded through the vertical loading cylinder, the radial loading cylinder and the axial loading cylinder respectively, and the working platform and the piston of the loading cylinder do not move relatively during loading; the working platform carries out a no-load test, a unidirectional loading test or a test of applying load in two directions simultaneously; the three-direction force sensor is used for detecting the stress condition of the four bilateral slide blocks during operation, and a wear model of the linear guide rail pair is established through detection result data;
the rigidity of the base is greater than that of the tested linear guide rail pair, the driving motor and the gear adopt a stepping motor or an alternating current servo motor, the left limit switch and the right limit switch adopt a mechanical limit switch or an electronic limit switch, the rack is matched with the gear to drive the bilateral guide rails to reciprocate, the working platform is fixed, and the acting force of the axial loading cylinder is zero;
the device for detecting the accelerated wear degradation rule of the linear guide rail pair of the machine tool carries out load high-speed running and experiments, and the test loads are higher than the loads in normal use, namely, the test loads exceed the maximum rated dynamic load by 10%.
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| CN201810014883.XA CN108000236B (en) | 2018-01-08 | 2018-01-08 | Device for detecting accelerated wear degradation rule of machine tool linear guide rail pair |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108772749B (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2023-10-03 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Large-stroke gantry machine tool translational shaft sectional rack assembling and adjusting precision detection device |
| CN109823077B (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2024-02-20 | 浩友夫(上海)机械有限公司 | Gauge adjusting device for shell pasting machine, shell pasting machine comprising gauge adjusting device and use method of gauge adjusting device |
| CN110842644B (en) * | 2019-11-09 | 2021-02-02 | 北京工业大学 | Method for monitoring contact stiffness degradation rate of machine tool moving part based on numerical control load information |
| CN111044242B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-09-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Rigidity detection device and detection method for main shaft and guide rail of ultra-precise fly-cutting machine tool |
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