EP3282517A1 - Alimentations multiples par réseau d'antennes directionnelles à l'aide d'un coupleur multiport quasi-périodique - Google Patents

Alimentations multiples par réseau d'antennes directionnelles à l'aide d'un coupleur multiport quasi-périodique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3282517A1
EP3282517A1 EP16184004.6A EP16184004A EP3282517A1 EP 3282517 A1 EP3282517 A1 EP 3282517A1 EP 16184004 A EP16184004 A EP 16184004A EP 3282517 A1 EP3282517 A1 EP 3282517A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna array
beams
antenna
quasi
port
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP16184004.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Hartwanger
Norbert Ratkorn
Michael Schneider
Michael Szymkiewicz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
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Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Defence and Space GmbH filed Critical Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Priority to EP16184004.6A priority Critical patent/EP3282517A1/fr
Publication of EP3282517A1 publication Critical patent/EP3282517A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multiple feeds per beam antenna array feed system using a quasi-periodic multi-port coupler, for example for use in satellite communication.
  • antenna beams In feed systems using the multiple feeds per beam principle antenna beams, herein referred to as beams, are excited by a plurality of single antennas.
  • Adjacent beams use at least one shared antenna of the single antennas which provides an overlap of the adjacent beams.
  • these beams In order to prevent mutual influence on the signals of adjacent beams, these beams must be orthogonal to each other. This mutual influence can be prevented by using orthogonal polarization. If a same polarization is used, it is necessary that a single antenna commonly used for adjacent beams has acoupler or coupling-network.
  • a usage of usual 4-port couplers or 6-port couplers enforces orthogonality of excitation coefficient sets of commonly used antennas. This limits an optimal choice of the excitation coefficients and leads to degradation in antenna gain of typically 1 dB. This is typically called dual-mode or triple mode loss depending on a number of commonly used antennas.
  • feed systems are subject to disadvantages, such as multimode losses, excitation coefficients being either not freely and optimally selectable, beams not being practical for illuminating big areas without a gap, or a down-/upstream antenna array needing another reflector.
  • a multiple feeds per beam antenna array feed system using a quasi-periodic multi-port coupler comprises a quasi-periodic multi-port coupler and an antenna array.
  • the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler is adapted and arranged to distribute power from an input port of at least two input ports to an output port corresponding to the input port and to two output ports adjacent to the output port corresponding to the input port.
  • the antenna array is connected to the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler.
  • the antenna array is further adapted and arranged to be fed by or to feed the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler.
  • the antenna array is further adapted and arranged to transmit or receive at least two beams.
  • the antenna array comprises a plurality of antennas.
  • Each antenna of the plurality of antennas is adapted and arranged to transmit or receive an electromagnetic wave having a same polarization or orthogonal polarizations.
  • a combination of electromagnetic waves transmitted or received by a subset of the plurality of antennas forms one of the at least two beams.
  • Exactly one antenna of the subset is used as a common antenna with respect to two beams of the at least two beams to be transmitted or to be received by the antenna array.
  • Exactly one antenna of the subset for each quasi-periodic coupler may be used as the common/shared antenna with respect to two beams of the at least two beams to be transmitted or to be received by the antenna array.
  • the output ports of the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler may further be arranged, such that each of the output ports can feed one of the plurality of antennas of the antenna array. Further, the output ports may be further arranged and adapted to distribute the power. A part of the power may be outputted by two output ports of the plurality of output ports of the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler. The two output ports may be adapted and arranged to combine the part of the power up-/downstream the common antenna and to feed the antenna with the part of the power.
  • the antenna array may further be adapted and arranged to be fed by or to feed the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler, such that only one common antenna between adjacent beams exists, for example for each quasi periodic coupler.
  • the two output ports adjacent to the input port's corresponding output port may be directly adjacent to the input port's corresponding output port.
  • the advantage of the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler is that a signal fed to one of the input ports can be directly received/transmitted to its corresponding output port and the directly adjacent output ports.
  • the coupling effect on all other output ports beside the two directly adjacent output ports as well as unused input ports is negligible.
  • the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler is able to isolate input signals fed to the at least two input ports.
  • multi-port can be understood as a port having at least 2 or more ports.
  • quadsi-periodic can be understood as periodic in a rough estimation, such that the coupling values of the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler have nearly the same values for each beam to be transmitted/received. Since the coupling values may differ from the exact same values for each coupling value, the term “quasi-periodic” may further be understood as an expression commonly used by a skilled person in the field of high frequency technology.
  • common antenna or “commonly used antenna” may be understood as the antenna being part of two beams. Further, the terms “common antenna” and “commonly used antenna” may also be referred to as “shared antenna”.
  • beam may be understood as an electromagnetic wave formed by more than one antenna.
  • multi-port may be understood as having more than one port as an input port and/or output port.
  • multiple feeds may be understood as having a number of waveguides being combined by a part the antenna array to a beam.
  • two beams of the at least two beams may be understood that the exactly/only one antenna, for example per quasi-periodic multi-port coupler, of the subset is used as a common antenna with respect to exactly/only two beams of more than two beams, when more than two beams are to be transmitted or received by the antenna array.
  • the common antenna may only form part of two adjacent beams.
  • the term "adjacent beams” may be understood as two beams spatially adjacent.
  • the "plurality of antennas” may be understood as a number of antennas higher than three.
  • the antennas can be horn antennas.
  • the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler may further be adapted and arranged to distribute power in a predetermined ratio from the input port of the at least two input ports to the output port corresponding to the input port and to the two output ports adjacent to the output port corresponding to the input port.
  • the number of input ports of the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler may determine the number of beams of the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler.
  • the output port corresponding to the input port and the two output ports adjacent to the output port corresponding to the input port may form at least part of the multiple feeds.
  • the common antenna may be adapted and arranged to transmit electromagnetic waves corresponding to two different beams.
  • the common antenna may be adapted and arranged to receive electromagnetic waves corresponding to two different beams.
  • the subset can have another common antenna.
  • the other common antenna may not form part of more than two adjacent beams.
  • the other common antenna may be adapted and arranged to transmit electromagnetic waves corresponding to two different beams, when there are more than two beams to be transmitted.
  • the other common antenna may be adapted and arranged to receive electromagnetic waves corresponding to two different beams, when there are more than two beams to be received.
  • the multiple feeds per beam antenna array feed system may further comprise at least two input sources.
  • Each input source of the at least two input sources is connected to the at least two input ports.
  • Each of the at least two input sources may be adapted and arranged to feed a different one of the at least two input ports.
  • the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler may have a negligible coupling effect on output ports different to the output port corresponding to the input port and to the two adjacent output ports as well as to the unused input ports.
  • the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler may be further adapted and arranged to isolate each of the at least two input ports.
  • the commonly used antenna may be adapted and arranged to transmit or receive an electromagnetic wave having a single polarization.
  • the single polarization may be the same polarization as of the other antennas of the plurality of antennas.
  • the commonly used antenna may be adapted and arranged to transmit or receive a part of a first and second beam.
  • the first and the second beam correspond to electromagnetic waves having the same polarization.
  • An advantage of the foregoing claims is that a gap between adjacent areas to be illuminated by the antenna array is closed, while maintaining a high gain with respect to commonly known horn antenna arrays with multiple feeds per beam.
  • the multiple feeds per beam antenna array feed system may be for use on a satellite.
  • the term "use on a satellite” may be understood as being mounted on a satellite or being partly arranged within or at the satellite.
  • the satellite can be a Very High Throughput Satellite, VHTS.
  • VHTS Very High Throughput Satellite
  • the multiple feeds per beam antenna array feed system can further comprise another quasi-periodic multi-port coupler.
  • the other quasi-periodic multi-port coupler can be connected to the antenna array.
  • the other quasi-periodic multi-port coupler may further be adapted and arranged to be fed or to feed the antenna array.
  • the antenna array may further be adapted and arranged to be fed or to feed the other quasi-periodic multi-port coupler.
  • Exactly two antennas of the subset can be used as common antennas with respect to three beams of the beams to be transmitted or to be received by the antenna array.
  • a satellite comprises the multiple feeds per beam antenna array feed system according to the first aspect.
  • Figure 1 schematically illustrates a principal antenna allocation, herein below exemplified as horn allocation.
  • A, B,..., 0 may also be referred to as the antenna element in this example. It can be even more than those 15 different allocations or less than 15 allocations.
  • This principle illustration with these 15 different allocations has 3 different bullet possibilities of exciting a beam.
  • beam clusters of 3, 4 or 7 elements That means that a cluster of 3, 4 or 7 elements can excite a beam. That means that in this example beams can be generated from a cluster of 3, 4 or 7 horn antennas.
  • B is a common element/antenna of C 31 and C 32
  • C is a common element/antenna of C 32 and C 33
  • D is a common element/antenna of C 33 and C 34
  • F is a common element/antenna of C 31 and C 35
  • G is a common element/antenna of C 32 and C 36
  • H is a common element/antenna of C 33 and C 37
  • I is a common element/antenna of C 34 and C 38 .
  • "Common" may be understood as being shared by adjacent clusters generating/exciting an adjacent beam, wherein the common element is part of the generating of both adjacent beams.
  • Those antennas/elements of the illustration in figure 1 are part of the multiple feeds per beam antenna array feed system comprising a quasi-periodic multi-port coupler.
  • the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler is adapted and arranged to distribute power from an input port of at least two input ports to the input port's corresponding output port and to two output ports adjacent to the input port's corresponding output port.
  • the antenna array is connected to the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler based on the number of clusters.
  • the antenna array is further adapted and arranged to be fed by or to feed the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler, such that only one common antenna between adjacent beams exist and that a beam is generated with a number of cluster elements according to a cluster prerequisite, for example a usage of a 3 elements cluster, 4-elements or 7-elements cluster. Other constellations of clusters are possible.
  • the antenna array is further adapted and arranged to transmit at least two beams. These two beams might be referred to as electromagnetic beams haven a specific polarization, such as linear, circular or elliptical polarization.
  • the antenna array comprises a plurality of antennas.
  • Each antenna of the plurality of antennas is adapted and arranged to transmit an electromagnetic wave having a same polarization, for example fed by the same quasi periodic coupler.
  • This same polarization may be a linear, circular or elliptical polarization being the same for all antenna/horn elements, such as for A, B,..., 0 shown in figure 1 .
  • a combination of electromagnetic waves transmitted or received by a subset of the plurality of antennas forms one of the at least two beams.
  • the subset might be referred to as the clusters and further illustrated in the following figures 2A , 3A and 4A for example.
  • Exactly one antenna of the subset is used as a common antenna with respect to two beams of the at least two beams to be transmitted or received by the antenna array.
  • the at least two beams to be transmitted or received by the antenna array are 8 beams being excited by C 31 , C 32 , C 33 , C 34 , C 35 , C 36 , C 37 , C 38 .
  • the at least two beams to be transmitted or received by the antenna array are four beams being excited by C 41 , C 42 , C 43 , C 44 .
  • the at least two beams to be transmitted or received by the antenna array are two beams being excited by C 71 and C 72 .
  • FIG. 2A schematically illustrates an example of a 3 elements cluster.
  • a power is divided within the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler and provided/fed to the antenna elements illustrated in figure 2A .
  • Multi-port means that there are multiple input and multiple output ports, wherein the number of the input ports and the number of the output ports can be different. It can even be one input port and multiple output ports.
  • An output port corresponding to the input port of the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler receives power from one of the input ports as well as two adjacent output ports referred to as adjacent output ports to the input ports corresponding output port.
  • two clusters of elements with corresponding beams are illustrated in figure 2A .
  • the two excited beams share the common element B, wherein the cluster C 31 generates/excites a first beam and C 32 generates/excites a second beam.
  • the element J does not play a role and could be omitted.
  • Figure 2B schematically illustrates the principle in a planar line diagram illustrating two beams B1 and B2.
  • B1 is divided onto the antenna elements A, F and B; and
  • B2 is divided onto the antenna elements B, G and C.
  • a possible third beam would share the element C in this example.
  • FIG 3A schematically illustrates an example of a 4 elements cluster.
  • a power is divided within the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler and provided/fed to the antenna elements illustrated in figure 3A .
  • two clusters of elements with corresponding beams are illustrated in figure 3A .
  • the two excited beams share the common element G, wherein the cluster C 41 generates/excites a first beam and C 42 generates/excites a second beam.
  • This array is not limited to the 15 elements A, B,..., O. There can be less or even more elements/antennas. The same applies to the following figures below.
  • the two elements A and K do not play a role and could be omitted.
  • Figure 3B schematically illustrates the principle in a planar line diagram illustrating two beams B1 and B2.
  • B1 is divided onto the antenna elements F, B, G and L (illustrated in figure 3A ); and B2 is divided onto the antenna elements G, C, H and M (illustrated in figure 3A ).
  • a possible third beam would share the element H in this example.
  • Antenna elements L and M respectively are fed by another coupler, in particular a four-port coupler.
  • the four-port coupler can be upstream or downstream with respect to the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler.
  • FIG 4A schematically illustrates an example of a 7 elements cluster.
  • a power is divided within the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler and provided/fed to the antenna elements illustrated in figure 4A .
  • two clusters of elements with corresponding beams are illustrated in figure 4A .
  • the two excited beams share the common element H, wherein the cluster C 71 generates/excites a first beam and C 72 generates/excites a second beam.
  • Figure 4B schematically illustrates the principle in a planar line diagram illustrating two beams B1 and B2.
  • B1 is divided onto the antenna elements F, G and H; and B2 is divided onto the antenna elements H, I, J.
  • a possible third beam would share the element J in this example, when there are more elements on the right side as of figure 4A .
  • Antenna elements B, C, L and M, and D, E, N and 0 respectively are fed by standard power dividers, in particular a four-port coupler, such as for example a 90° hybrid, a symmetrical power divider or a directional coupler.
  • the power divider can be upstream or downstream with respect to the quasi-periodic multi-port coupler.
  • Figure 5 schematically illustrates an excitation of 7 antennas per beam and two quasi periodic couplers with corresponding output ports.
  • Figure 5 shows the case, wherein two adjacent beams can be shared by two single antennas. The two shared single antennas can be fed by two different quasi-periodic multi-port couplers.
  • two 6-port couplers would be necessary to feed the antenna array.
  • a signal fed to the antenna array would be split onto ports P1, P4 and antenna D, which is illustrated as a horn, which may be a preferred antenna type in this strigrip.
  • a signal fed to the antenna array would be split onto ports P2, P5 and antenna I.
  • a signal fed to the antenna array would be split onto ports P3, P6 and antenna N.
  • the first and second beams share two antennas, namely the antennas F and G.
  • the second and third beams share two antennas, namely the antennas K and L.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP16184004.6A 2016-08-12 2016-08-12 Alimentations multiples par réseau d'antennes directionnelles à l'aide d'un coupleur multiport quasi-périodique Pending EP3282517A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP16184004.6A EP3282517A1 (fr) 2016-08-12 2016-08-12 Alimentations multiples par réseau d'antennes directionnelles à l'aide d'un coupleur multiport quasi-périodique

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EP16184004.6A EP3282517A1 (fr) 2016-08-12 2016-08-12 Alimentations multiples par réseau d'antennes directionnelles à l'aide d'un coupleur multiport quasi-périodique

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4236161A (en) * 1978-09-18 1980-11-25 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Array feed for offset satellite antenna
JPH0685534A (ja) * 1992-08-31 1994-03-25 Toshiba Corp 反射鏡マルチビームアンテナ装置
EP2688138A1 (fr) * 2012-07-20 2014-01-22 Thales Antenne et système d'antennes multifaisceaux comportant des sources compactes et système de télécommunication par satellite comportant au moins une telle antenne
EP2688142A1 (fr) * 2012-07-20 2014-01-22 Thales Antenne d'émission et de réception multifaisceaux à plusieurs sources par faisceau, système d'antennes et système de télécommunication par satellite comportant une telle antenne

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4236161A (en) * 1978-09-18 1980-11-25 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Array feed for offset satellite antenna
JPH0685534A (ja) * 1992-08-31 1994-03-25 Toshiba Corp 反射鏡マルチビームアンテナ装置
EP2688138A1 (fr) * 2012-07-20 2014-01-22 Thales Antenne et système d'antennes multifaisceaux comportant des sources compactes et système de télécommunication par satellite comportant au moins une telle antenne
EP2688142A1 (fr) * 2012-07-20 2014-01-22 Thales Antenne d'émission et de réception multifaisceaux à plusieurs sources par faisceau, système d'antennes et système de télécommunication par satellite comportant une telle antenne

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