EP3281263A1 - Spark plug - Google Patents

Spark plug

Info

Publication number
EP3281263A1
EP3281263A1 EP17713153.9A EP17713153A EP3281263A1 EP 3281263 A1 EP3281263 A1 EP 3281263A1 EP 17713153 A EP17713153 A EP 17713153A EP 3281263 A1 EP3281263 A1 EP 3281263A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark plug
housing part
plug according
housing
insulator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17713153.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3281263B1 (en
EP3281263B8 (en
Inventor
Georg Maul
Steffen Kuhnert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DKT Verwaltungs GmbH
Original Assignee
DKT Verwaltungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DKT Verwaltungs GmbH filed Critical DKT Verwaltungs GmbH
Publication of EP3281263A1 publication Critical patent/EP3281263A1/en
Publication of EP3281263B1 publication Critical patent/EP3281263B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3281263B8 publication Critical patent/EP3281263B8/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/54—Sparking plugs having electrodes arranged in a partly-enclosed ignition chamber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/02—Details
    • H01T13/16—Means for dissipating heat
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spark plug, in particular pre-chamber spark plug, with a housing, an ignition electrode and a ground electrode, wherein the ignition electrode is acted upon via a supply line with an electrical voltage and wherein the supply line extends at least partially within an insulator.
  • Spark plugs of the type in question are known for years from practice. These serve in an internal combustion engine of the ignition of the compressed fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber of the cylinder. In the process, a high-voltage spark ignites the compressed fuel-air mixture at the spark plug.
  • WO 2008/031482 A1 describes a spark plug comprising an ignition electrode and a ground electrode.
  • the spark plug has a casing formed of a casing head and a holder which accommodates a part of an insulator.
  • the insulator encloses a supply line, which serves for acting on the ignition electrode with electrical voltage.
  • the housing head is made of steel and connected to the made of a nickel-iron alloy holder via a weld.
  • the nickel-iron alloy has a coefficient of thermal expansion which is less than the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulator, so that the bias voltage with which the insulator is arranged in the housing also increases with increasing temperature.
  • the spark plug in question is characterized in that at least one discharge region of the housing is made of a material having a thermal conductivity of over 150 W / mK.
  • the underlying object can be achieved by the arrangement of a discharge region on the housing in a surprisingly simple manner.
  • the discharge region serves to dissipate the heat of combustion introduced into the spark plug to the environment.
  • the discharge region is made of a material with a thermal conductivity of over 150 W / mK, so that a sufficiently high heat dissipation is ensured and can advantageously connect directly to the ground electrode.
  • This simple constructional measure reliably prevents overheating of the spark plug, in particular the areas relevant to the service life of the spark plug. As a result, the occurrence of pre-ignition or knocking burns in the area of the spark plug can be considerably reduced.
  • the discharge region has a thermal conductivity which is above the thermal conductivity of steel, which is known from the prior art material for the production of the housing. Contrary to a prejudice in the art, it has been found that materials with a higher thermal conductivity are suitable for producing at least one region of the housing of a spark plug, despite the usually higher coefficient of thermal expansion associated therewith. It should be noted at this point that the specified thermal conductivity relates in particular to the relevant temperature range for a spark plug. The thermal conductivity is stated in units of watts per meter and Kelvin.
  • the discharge region may have a thermal conductivity of over 200 W / mK. With such a high thermal conductivity overheating of the spark plug is almost impossible, so that the problems caused by the overheating problems are effectively avoided.
  • the discharge region can be made of copper, a copper alloy or a copper-based alloy comprising fractions of nickel and / or beryllium.
  • the housing may be integrally formed.
  • the entire housing may be formed as a discharge region.
  • the housing has a front housing part and a rear housing part, thus constructed in two parts.
  • the front housing part is connected to the rear housing part via a weld.
  • the weld can be produced, for example, by tungsten inert gas welding (TIG), plasma welding, electron welding or laser welding.
  • the discharge region can be realized by the front housing part, this thus be made in total of a material having a thermal conductivity of about 150 W / mK. This further improves the dissipation of the process heat and simplifies the design of the spark plug.
  • the front housing part is particularly suitable for one of the above welding method due to its high thermal conductivity.
  • the discharge region may be formed by the rear housing part.
  • the rear housing part can have a coefficient of thermal expansion which is smaller or smaller is equal to the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulator.
  • the rear housing part of a nickel-iron alloy for example, Ni Co 29/18 with a thermal expansion coefficient ⁇ of 5 ⁇ 10- 6 1 / K to 8 ⁇ 10 " 6 1 / K), wherein the insulator of a Ceramics, in particular aluminum oxide (coefficient of thermal expansion ⁇ of about 8.5 ⁇ 10 " 6 1 / K) or aluminum nitride can be produced.
  • the outer side of the housing may be at least partially conical and / or have a thread.
  • This can be a suitably designed front housing part in a particularly advantageous manner. This ensures a secure connection and sealing between the spark plug and the cylinder.
  • a particularly secure connection between housing and insulator can be realized by the housing engages behind the insulator and holds under pretension in the housing, preferably to a sealing ring, in particular of copper, presses.
  • the rear housing part engage behind the insulator and hold under prestress in the housing.
  • the front housing part is designed overall as a discharge region and is connected to the rear housing part via a weld seam, the rear housing part having a thermal expansion coefficient which is less than or equal to the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulation body.
  • the dissipation of the heat from the spark plug is enabled by the front housing part, wherein the rear housing part holds the insulator with a higher bias in the housing due to its low thermal expansion coefficient, the higher the temperature rises.
  • the front housing part which has a high thermal conductivity, compensated and the cylinder reliably closed by the spark plug.
  • FIGURE shows an embodiment of a spark plug according to the invention. This is a pre-chamber spark plug, it being expressly pointed out that the device according to the invention can be designed as any kind of spark plug.
  • the spark plug comprises a cap 2 serving as a ground electrode 1, which consists for example of nickel or a nickel alloy. Within the antechamber 3 formed by the cap 2, an ignition electrode 4 is arranged.
  • the cap 2 is connected via a weld 5 to the housing 6.
  • the housing 6 is formed by a front housing part 7 and a rear housing part 8.
  • the front housing part 7 connects directly to the ground electrode 1 and serves as a discharge region 9, namely to derive the registered in the spark plug combustion heat.
  • the discharge region 9, i. the front housing part 7, made of a material with a high thermal conductivity of over 150 W / mK or of over 200 W / mK.
  • the dissipation region can be made of copper or a copper-based alloy with small amounts of nickel and / or beryllium.
  • a thread 10 is formed, via which the spark plug can be screwed into the cylinder.
  • the front housing part 7 at least partially tapered to achieve a clamping with the cylinder.
  • the ignition electrode 4 is realized in the embodiment shown here in the form of two strips, each with arcuately curved ends.
  • the strips each have two ends which act as ignition surfaces. It is conceivable that the strips consist of an iridium alloy or a platinum alloy.
  • a supply line which extends within the insulator 11.
  • the isolator 1 1 is for example made of a ceramic, especially alumina (thermal expansion coefficient ⁇ of approximately 8.5 x 10- 6 1 / K) or aluminum nitride.
  • the front housing part 7 is connected to the rear housing part 8 via a weld 12.
  • the rear housing part 8 engages behind a projection 13 of the insulator 1 1, so that the insulator 1 1 is held with bias within the housing 6.
  • the rear housing part 8 is made of a material which - at least in the relevant temperature range for a spark plug - has a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the material of the insulator 1 1.
  • This may be in particular a nickel-iron alloy ( Ni Co of 5 x 10 "6 1 / K to 8 ⁇ 10" 6 1 / K) act 29/18 ⁇ with thermal expansion coefficient.
  • Ni Co of 5 x 10 "6 1 / K to 8 ⁇ 10" 6 1 / K act 29/18 ⁇ with thermal expansion coefficient.
  • a sealing ring 14 is arranged, which consists for example of copper.
  • the rear housing part 8 has an engagement point 15, for example a hexagon, for a handling means, so that the spark plug can be screwed into the ignition space with a corresponding tool.

Landscapes

  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a spark plug, in particular a prechamber spark plug, comprising a housing (6), an ignition electrode (4) and a ground electrode (1), wherein the ignition electrode (4) can be subjected to an electrical voltage via a supply line, and wherein the supply line extends at least partially within an insulator (11). The invention is characterized in that at least one discharge region (9) of the housing (6) is made from a material having a thermal conductivity of more than 150 W/m K.

Description

ZÜNDKERZE  SPARK PLUG
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Zündkerze, insbesondere Vorkammerzündkerze, mit einem Gehäuse, einer Zündelektrode und einer Masseelektrode, wobei die Zündelektrode über eine Versorgungsleitung mit einer elektrischen Spannung beaufschlagbar ist und wobei die Versorgungsleitung zumindest teilweise innerhalb eines Isolators verläuft. The present invention relates to a spark plug, in particular pre-chamber spark plug, with a housing, an ignition electrode and a ground electrode, wherein the ignition electrode is acted upon via a supply line with an electrical voltage and wherein the supply line extends at least partially within an insulator.
Zündkerzen der in Rede stehenden Art sind seit Jahren aus der Praxis bekannt. Diese dienen bei einem Verbrennungsmotor der Entflammung des verdichteten Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches im Brennraum des Zylinders. Dabei zündet ein Hochspannungsfunken an der Zündkerze das verdichtete Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch. Spark plugs of the type in question are known for years from practice. These serve in an internal combustion engine of the ignition of the compressed fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber of the cylinder. In the process, a high-voltage spark ignites the compressed fuel-air mixture at the spark plug.
Beispielsweise ist aus der WO 2008/031482 A1 eine Zündkerze umfassend eine Zündelektrode und eine Masseelektrode beschrieben. Die Zündkerze weißt ein aus einem Gehäusekopf und einer Halterung ausgebildetes Gehäuse auf, das einen Teil eines Isolators in sich aufnimmt. Der Isolator umschließt eine Versorgungsleitung, welche zur Beaufschlagung der Zündelektrode mit elektrischer Spannung dient. Der Gehäusekopf ist aus Stahl hergestellt und mit der aus einer Nickel-Eisen-Legierung bestehenden Halterung über eine Schweißnaht verbunden. Die Nickel-Eisen-Legierung weißt einen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten auf, der geringer ist als der Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient des Isolators, so dass die Vorspannung, mit welcher der Isolator in dem Gehäuse angeordnet ist, mit steigender Temperatur ebenfalls ansteigt. For example, WO 2008/031482 A1 describes a spark plug comprising an ignition electrode and a ground electrode. The spark plug has a casing formed of a casing head and a holder which accommodates a part of an insulator. The insulator encloses a supply line, which serves for acting on the ignition electrode with electrical voltage. The housing head is made of steel and connected to the made of a nickel-iron alloy holder via a weld. The nickel-iron alloy has a coefficient of thermal expansion which is less than the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulator, so that the bias voltage with which the insulator is arranged in the housing also increases with increasing temperature.
Bei der bekannten Zündkerze ist problematisch, dass sich diese im Betrieb zu stark aufheizt, was sich negativ auf die für die Lebensdauer der Zündkerze relevanten Bereiche, wie zum Beispiel die Elektroden und einen ggf. vorhandenen Entstörwiderstand auswirkt. Im Extremfall kann es zu Glühzündungen oder klopfenden Verbrennungen im Bereich der Zündkerze kommen, so dass die Funktion des Motors stark beeinträchtigt ist. Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Zündkerze der eingangs genannten Art derart auszugestalten und weiterzubilden, dass mit konstruktiv einfachen Mitteln eine Überhitzung der Zündkerze vermieden wird. Erfindungsgemäß wird die voranstehende Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Danach ist die in Rede stehende Zündkerze dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest ein Ableitungsbereich des Gehäuses aus einem Material mit einer Wärmeleitfähigkeit von über 150 W/mK hergestellt ist. In erfindungsgemäßer Weise ist erkannt worden, dass die zugrundeliegende Aufgabe durch die Anordnung eines Ableitungsbereichs an dem Gehäuse in verblüffend einfacher Weise gelöst werden kann. Der Ableitungsbereich dient dabei zur Ableitung der in die Zündkerze eingetragenen Verbrennungswärme an die Umgebung. Der Ableitungsbereich ist aus einem Material mit einer Wärmeleitfähigkeit von über 150 W/mK hergestellt, so dass eine ausreichend hohe Wärmeableitung gewährleistet ist und kann sich in vorteilhafter Weise unmittelbar an die Masseelektrode anschließen. Durch diese einfache konstruktive Maßnahme wird eine Überhitzung der Zündkerze, insbesondere der für die Lebensdauer der Zündkerze relevanten Bereiche, zuverlässig verhindert. Dadurch kann das Auftreten von Glühzündungen oder klopfenden Verbrennungen im Bereich der Zündkerze erheblich reduziert werden. Wesentlich für die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist, dass der Ableitungsbereich eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist, die über der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Stahl liegt, was das aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Material zur Fertigung des Gehäuses ist. Entgegen eines Vorurteils der Fachwelt hat sich gezeigt, dass sich Materialien mit einer höheren Wärmeleitfähigkeit trotz des damit meist einhergehenden höheren Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten zur Fertigung zumindest eines Bereichs des Gehäuses einer Zündkerze eignen. An dieser Stelle sei darauf hingewiesen, dass sich die angegebene Wärmeleitfähigkeit insbesondere auf den für eine Zündkerze relevanten Temperaturbereich bezieht. Die Angabe der Wärmeleitfähigkeit erfolgt in den Einheiten Watt pro Meter und Kelvin. In vorteilhafter Weise kann der Ableitungsbereich eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von über 200 W/mK aufweisen. Bei einer solch hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit ist eine Überhitzung der Zündkerze nahezu ausgeschlossen, so dass die durch die Überhitzung bedingten Probleme effektiv vermieden werden. In the known spark plug is problematic that it heats up too much during operation, which has a negative effect on the relevant for the life of the spark plug areas, such as the electrodes and a possibly existing suppression resistor. In extreme cases, spark ignitions or knocking burns may occur in the region of the spark plug, so that the function of the engine is severely impaired. The present invention is therefore based on the object, a spark plug of the type mentioned in such a way and further, that with structurally simple means overheating of the spark plug is avoided. According to the invention the above object is solved by the features of claim 1. Thereafter, the spark plug in question is characterized in that at least one discharge region of the housing is made of a material having a thermal conductivity of over 150 W / mK. In accordance with the invention, it has been recognized that the underlying object can be achieved by the arrangement of a discharge region on the housing in a surprisingly simple manner. The discharge region serves to dissipate the heat of combustion introduced into the spark plug to the environment. The discharge region is made of a material with a thermal conductivity of over 150 W / mK, so that a sufficiently high heat dissipation is ensured and can advantageously connect directly to the ground electrode. This simple constructional measure reliably prevents overheating of the spark plug, in particular the areas relevant to the service life of the spark plug. As a result, the occurrence of pre-ignition or knocking burns in the area of the spark plug can be considerably reduced. Essential for the device according to the invention is that the discharge region has a thermal conductivity which is above the thermal conductivity of steel, which is known from the prior art material for the production of the housing. Contrary to a prejudice in the art, it has been found that materials with a higher thermal conductivity are suitable for producing at least one region of the housing of a spark plug, despite the usually higher coefficient of thermal expansion associated therewith. It should be noted at this point that the specified thermal conductivity relates in particular to the relevant temperature range for a spark plug. The thermal conductivity is stated in units of watts per meter and Kelvin. Advantageously, the discharge region may have a thermal conductivity of over 200 W / mK. With such a high thermal conductivity overheating of the spark plug is almost impossible, so that the problems caused by the overheating problems are effectively avoided.
Zur Realisierung eines Ableitungsbereiches mit einer entsprechend hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit kann der Ableitungsbereich aus Kupfer, einer Kupferlegierung oder einer Kupferbasislegierung umfassend Anteile von Nickel und/oder Beryllium hergestellt sein. In order to realize a discharge region with a correspondingly high thermal conductivity, the discharge region can be made of copper, a copper alloy or a copper-based alloy comprising fractions of nickel and / or beryllium.
In vorteilhafter Weise kann das Gehäuse einteilig ausgebildet sein. Dadurch wird eine besonders einfache Konstruktion der Zündkerze realisiert, so dass diese kostengünstig in der Herstellung ist. Dabei kann das gesamte Gehäuse als Ableitungsbereich ausgebildet sein. Advantageously, the housing may be integrally formed. As a result, a particularly simple construction of the spark plug is realized, so that it is inexpensive to manufacture. In this case, the entire housing may be formed as a discharge region.
Alternativ ist denkbar, dass das Gehäuse einen vorderen Gehäuseteil und einen hinteren Gehäuseteil aufweist, somit zweiteilig aufgebaut ist. In vorteilhafter Weise kann der vordere Gehäuseteil mit dem hinteren Gehäuseteil über eine Schweißnaht verbunden ist. Die Schweißnaht kann beispielsweise über Wolfram- Inertgas-Schweißen (WIG), Plasmaschweißen, Elektronenschweißen oder Laserschweißen hergestellt sein. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the housing has a front housing part and a rear housing part, thus constructed in two parts. Advantageously, the front housing part is connected to the rear housing part via a weld. The weld can be produced, for example, by tungsten inert gas welding (TIG), plasma welding, electron welding or laser welding.
In weiter vorteilhafter Weise kann der Ableitungsbereich durch den vorderen Gehäuseteil realisiert sein, dieser somit insgesamt aus einem Material mit einer Wärmeleitfähigkeit von über 150 W/mK hergestellt sein. Dadurch ist die Ableitung der Prozesswärme nochmals verbessert und die Konstruktion der Zündkerze vereinfacht. Ein weiterer Vorteil einer solchen Ausgestaltung besteht darin, dass sich der vordere Gehäuseteil aufgrund seiner hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit für eines der voranstehenden Schweißverfahren besonders eignet. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Ableitungsbereich durch den hinteren Gehäuseteil gebildet sein. In a further advantageous manner, the discharge region can be realized by the front housing part, this thus be made in total of a material having a thermal conductivity of about 150 W / mK. This further improves the dissipation of the process heat and simplifies the design of the spark plug. Another advantage of such a configuration is that the front housing part is particularly suitable for one of the above welding method due to its high thermal conductivity. Alternatively or additionally, the discharge region may be formed by the rear housing part.
Um eine ausreichend stabile Konstruktion zu gewährleisten kann der hintere Gehäuseteil einen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweisen, der kleiner oder gleich dem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten des Isolators ist. Im Konkreten kann der hintere Gehäuseteil aus einer Nickel-Eisen-Legierung bestehen, beispielsweise Ni Co 29/18 mit einem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient α von 5·10-6 1/K bis 8·10"6 1/K), wobei der Isolator aus einer Keramik, insbesondere Aluminiumoxid (Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient α von ca. 8,5·10"6 1/K) oder Aluminiumnitrid hergestellt sein kann. In order to ensure a sufficiently stable construction, the rear housing part can have a coefficient of thermal expansion which is smaller or smaller is equal to the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulator. Concretely, the rear housing part of a nickel-iron alloy, for example, Ni Co 29/18 with a thermal expansion coefficient α of 5 · 10- 6 1 / K to 8 · 10 " 6 1 / K), wherein the insulator of a Ceramics, in particular aluminum oxide (coefficient of thermal expansion α of about 8.5 · 10 " 6 1 / K) or aluminum nitride can be produced.
In vorteilhafter Weise kann die Außenseite des Gehäuses zumindest bereichsweise konisch ausgebildet sein und/oder ein Gewinde aufweisen. Dabei kann es sich in besonders vorteilhafter Weise um einen entsprechend ausgebildeten vorderen Gehäuseteil handeln. Dadurch ist eine sichere Verbindung und Abdichtung zwischen Zündkerze und Zylinder gewährleistet. Advantageously, the outer side of the housing may be at least partially conical and / or have a thread. This can be a suitably designed front housing part in a particularly advantageous manner. This ensures a secure connection and sealing between the spark plug and the cylinder.
Eine besonders sichere Verbindung zwischen Gehäuse und Isolator kann realisiert sein, indem das Gehäuse den Isolator hintergreift und unter Vorspannung in dem Gehäuse hält, vorzugsweise an einen Dichtring, insbesondere aus Kupfer, presst. In besonders vorteilhafter Weise kann der hintere Gehäuseteil den Isolator hintergreifen und unter Vorspannung in dem Gehäuse halten. Ein besondere kombinatorischer Effekt ist erzielbar, indem der vordere Gehäuseteil insgesamt als Ableitungsbereich ausgebildet ist und mit dem hinteren Gehäuseteil über eine Schweißnaht verbunden ist, wobei der hintere Gehäuseteil einen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweist, der kleiner oder gleich dem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten des Isolationskörpers ist. Bei einer solchen Ausgestaltung ist die Ableitung der Wärme von der Zündkerze durch den vorderen Gehäuseteil ermöglicht, wobei der hintere Gehäuseteil aufgrund seines geringen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten den Isolator mit einer höheren Vorspannung in dem Gehäuse hält, je höher die Temperatur ansteigt. Dadurch wird ein höherer Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient des vorderen Gehäuseteils, welches eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist, kompensiert und der Zylinder zuverlässig durch die Zündkerze verschlossen. A particularly secure connection between housing and insulator can be realized by the housing engages behind the insulator and holds under pretension in the housing, preferably to a sealing ring, in particular of copper, presses. In a particularly advantageous manner, the rear housing part engage behind the insulator and hold under prestress in the housing. A particular combinatorial effect is achievable in that the front housing part is designed overall as a discharge region and is connected to the rear housing part via a weld seam, the rear housing part having a thermal expansion coefficient which is less than or equal to the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulation body. In such an embodiment, the dissipation of the heat from the spark plug is enabled by the front housing part, wherein the rear housing part holds the insulator with a higher bias in the housing due to its low thermal expansion coefficient, the higher the temperature rises. Thereby, a higher thermal expansion coefficient of the front housing part, which has a high thermal conductivity, compensated and the cylinder reliably closed by the spark plug.
Es gibt nun verschiedene Möglichkeiten, die Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung in vorteilhafter Weise auszugestalten und weiterzubilden. Dazu ist einerseits auf die dem Anspruch 1 nachgeordneten Ansprüche und andererseits auf die nachfolgende Erläuterung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung zu verweisen. In Verbindung mit der Erläuterung der bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung werden auch im Allgemeinen bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Lehre erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigt die einzige Fig. in einer schematischen, geschnittenen Darstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze. There are now various possibilities for designing and developing the teaching of the present invention in an advantageous manner. This is on the one hand on the Claims subordinate to claim 1 and on the other hand to refer to the following explanation of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawing. In conjunction with the explanation of the preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings, also generally preferred embodiments and developments of the teaching are explained. In the drawing, the only Fig. Shows a schematic, sectional view of an embodiment of a spark plug according to the invention.
Die einzige Figur zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Vorkammerzündkerze, wobei ausdrücklich darauf hingewiesen wird, dass die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung als eine beliebige Zündkerzenart ausgebildet sein kann. The single FIGURE shows an embodiment of a spark plug according to the invention. This is a pre-chamber spark plug, it being expressly pointed out that the device according to the invention can be designed as any kind of spark plug.
Die Zündkerze umfasst eine als Masseelektrode 1 dienende Kappe 2, die beispielsweise aus Nickel oder einer Nickellegierung besteht. Innerhalb des von der Kappe 2 gebildeten Vorraums 3 ist eine Zündelektrode 4 angeordnet. Die Kappe 2 ist über eine Schweißnaht 5 mit dem Gehäuse 6 verbunden. In dem hier dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Gehäuse 6 durch einen vorderen Gehäuseteil 7 und einen hinteren Gehäuseteil 8 gebildet. The spark plug comprises a cap 2 serving as a ground electrode 1, which consists for example of nickel or a nickel alloy. Within the antechamber 3 formed by the cap 2, an ignition electrode 4 is arranged. The cap 2 is connected via a weld 5 to the housing 6. In the embodiment shown here, the housing 6 is formed by a front housing part 7 and a rear housing part 8.
Der vordere Gehäuseteil 7 schließt sich unmittelbar an die Masseelektrode 1 an und dient als Ableitungsbereich 9, um nämlich die in die Zündkerze eingetragene Verbrennungswärme abzuleiten. Dazu ist der Ableitungsbereich 9, d.h. der vordere Gehäuseteil 7, aus einem Material mit einer hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit von über 150 W/mK bzw. von über 200 W/mK hergestellt. Im Konkreten kann der Ableitungsbereich aus Kupfer bzw. einer Kupferbasislegierung mit geringen Anteilen von Nickel und/oder Beryllium hergestellt sein. The front housing part 7 connects directly to the ground electrode 1 and serves as a discharge region 9, namely to derive the registered in the spark plug combustion heat. For this purpose, the discharge region 9, i. the front housing part 7, made of a material with a high thermal conductivity of over 150 W / mK or of over 200 W / mK. Concretely, the dissipation region can be made of copper or a copper-based alloy with small amounts of nickel and / or beryllium.
An dem vorderen Gehäuseteil 7 ist ein Gewinde 10 ausgebildet, über das die Zündkerze in den Zylinder einschraubbar ist. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der vordere Gehäuseteil 7 zumindest bereichsweise konisch verlaufen, um eine Klemmung mit dem Zylinder zu erreichen. On the front housing part 7, a thread 10 is formed, via which the spark plug can be screwed into the cylinder. Alternatively or additionally, the front housing part 7 at least partially tapered to achieve a clamping with the cylinder.
Die Zündelektrode 4 ist in dem hier dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel in Form von zwei Streifen mit jeweils bogenförmig gekrümmten Enden realisiert. Die Streifen weisen jeweils zwei Enden auf, die als Zündflächen wirken. Dabei ist denkbar, dass die Streifen aus einer Iridiumlegierung oder einer Platinlegierung bestehen. The ignition electrode 4 is realized in the embodiment shown here in the form of two strips, each with arcuately curved ends. The strips each have two ends which act as ignition surfaces. It is conceivable that the strips consist of an iridium alloy or a platinum alloy.
Um die Zündelektrode 4 mit elektrischer Spannung zu versorgen, ist eine nicht dargestellte Versorgungsleitung vorgesehen, die innerhalb des Isolators 1 1 verläuft. Der Isolator 1 1 besteht beispielsweise aus einer Keramik, insbesondere Aluminiumoxid (Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient α von ca. 8,5·10-6 1/K) oder Aluminiumnitrid. In der einzigen Figur ist des Weiteren gezeigt, dass der vordere Gehäuseteil 7 mit dem hinteren Gehäuseteil 8 über eine Schweißnaht 12 verbunden ist. Der hintere Gehäuseteil 8 hintergreift einen Vorsprung 13 des Isolators 1 1 , so dass der Isolator 1 1 mit Vorspannung innerhalb des Gehäuses 6 gehalten ist. In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der hintere Gehäuseteil 8 aus einem Material hergestellt, das - zumindest in dem für eine Zündkerze relevanten Temperaturbereich - einen geringeren Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweist, als das Material des Isolators 1 1. Hierbei kann es sich insbesondere eine Nickel- Eisen-Legierung (Ni Co 29/18 mit Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient α von 5·10"6 1/K bis 8·10"6 1/K) handeln. Bei der im Betrieb erfolgenden Erwärmung der Zündkerze erhöht sich somit die Vorspannung, unter welcher der Isolator 1 1 in dem Gehäuse 6 gehalten ist, so dass eine zuverlässige Abdichtung der Zündkerze gegenüber dem Brennraum erzielt wird. Zur Abdichtung zwischen Isolator 1 1 und vorderem Gehäuseteil 7 ist ein Dichtring 14 angeordnet, der beispielsweise aus Kupfer besteht. In order to supply the ignition electrode 4 with electrical voltage, a supply line, not shown, is provided which extends within the insulator 11. The isolator 1 1 is for example made of a ceramic, especially alumina (thermal expansion coefficient α of approximately 8.5 x 10- 6 1 / K) or aluminum nitride. In the single figure is further shown that the front housing part 7 is connected to the rear housing part 8 via a weld 12. The rear housing part 8 engages behind a projection 13 of the insulator 1 1, so that the insulator 1 1 is held with bias within the housing 6. In the illustrated embodiment, the rear housing part 8 is made of a material which - at least in the relevant temperature range for a spark plug - has a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the material of the insulator 1 1. This may be in particular a nickel-iron alloy ( Ni Co of 5 x 10 "6 1 / K to 8 × 10" 6 1 / K) act 29/18 α with thermal expansion coefficient. During the operation of the heating of the spark plug thus increases the bias voltage under which the insulator 1 1 is held in the housing 6, so that a reliable sealing of the spark plug with respect to the combustion chamber is achieved. For sealing between the insulator 1 1 and the front housing part 7, a sealing ring 14 is arranged, which consists for example of copper.
Des Weiteren weist der hintere Gehäuseteil 8 eine Angriffstelle 15, beispielsweise ein Sechskant, für ein Handhabungsmittel auf, so dass die Zündkerze mit einem korrespondierenden Werkzeug in den Zündraum einschraubbar ist. Hinsichtlich weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf den allgemeinen Teil der Beschreibung sowie auf die beigefügten Ansprüche verwiesen. Schließlich sei ausdrücklich darauf hingewiesen, dass die voranstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung lediglich zur Erörterung der beanspruchten Lehre dienen, diese jedoch nicht auf die Ausführungsbeispiele einschränken. Furthermore, the rear housing part 8 has an engagement point 15, for example a hexagon, for a handling means, so that the spark plug can be screwed into the ignition space with a corresponding tool. With regard to further advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention, reference is made to avoid repetition to the general part of the specification and to the appended claims. Finally, it should be expressly understood that the above-described embodiments of the device according to the invention are only for the purpose of discussion of the claimed teaching, but not limit these to the embodiments.
Bezugszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Masseelektrode 1 ground electrode
2 Kappe  2 cap
3 Vorkammer  3 prechamber
4 Zündelektrode  4 ignition electrode
5 Schweißnaht  5 weld
6 Gehäuse  6 housing
7 vorderer Gehäuseteil 7 front housing part
8 hinterer Gehäuseteil8 rear housing part
9 Ableitungsbereich 9 derivation area
10 Gewinde  10 threads
11 Isolator  11 insulator
12 Schweißnaht  12 weld
13 Vorsprung  13 lead
14 Dichtring  14 sealing ring
15 Angriffstelle  15 attack site

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Zündkerze, insbesondere Vorkammerzündkerze, mit einem Gehäuse (6), einer Zündelektrode (4) und einer Masseelektrode (1), wobei die Zündelektrode1. Spark plug, in particular Vorkammerzündkerze, with a housing (6), an ignition electrode (4) and a ground electrode (1), wherein the ignition electrode
(4) über eine Versorgungsleitung mit einer elektrischen Spannung beaufschlagbar ist und wobei die Versorgungsleitung zumindest teilweise innerhalb eines Isolators (11) verläuft, (4) can be acted upon via a supply line with an electrical voltage and wherein the supply line extends at least partially within an insulator (11),
d ad u rch geken nze ic h n et, dass zumindest ein Ableitungsbereich (9) des Gehäuses (6) aus einem Material mit einer Wärmeleitfähigkeit von über 150 W/mK hergestellt ist. That is, at least one discharge region (9) of the housing (6) is made of a material having a thermal conductivity of more than 150 W / mK.
2. Zündkerze nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der Ableitungsbereich (9) unmittelbar an die Masseelektrode (1) anschließt und/oder dass der Ableitungsbereich (9) eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von über 200 W/mK aufweist. 2. Spark plug according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge region (9) directly adjoins the ground electrode (1) and / or that the discharge region (9) has a thermal conductivity of over 200 W / mK.
3. Zündkerze nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ableitungsbereich (9) aus Kupfer oder aus einer Kupferlegierung oder aus einer Kupferbasislegierung umfassend Anteile von Nickel und/oder Beryllium hergestellt ist. 3. Spark plug according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the discharge region (9) made of copper or of a copper alloy or of a copper-based alloy comprising fractions of nickel and / or beryllium.
4. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (6) einteilig ausgebildet ist. 4. Spark plug according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the housing (6) is integrally formed.
5. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (6) einen vorderen Gehäuseteil (7) und einen hinteren Gehäuseteil (8) aufweist. 5. Spark plug according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the housing (6) has a front housing part (7) and a rear housing part (8).
6. Zündkerze nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der vordere Gehäuseteil (7) mit dem hinteren Gehäuseteil (8) über eine Schweißnaht (12) verbunden ist. 6. Spark plug according to claim 5, characterized in that the front housing part (7) with the rear housing part (8) via a weld (12) is connected.
7. Zündkerze nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ableitungsbereich (9) durch den vorderen Gehäuseteil (7) realisiert ist. 7. Spark plug according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the discharge region (9) through the front housing part (7) is realized.
8. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der hintere Gehäuseteil (8) einen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweist, der kleiner oder gleich dem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten des Isolators (1 1 ) ist. 8. Spark plug according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the rear housing part (8) has a thermal expansion coefficient which is less than or equal to the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulator (1 1).
9. Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der hintere Gehäuseteil (8) aus einer Nickel-Eisen-Legierung besteht. 9. Spark plug according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the rear housing part (8) consists of a nickel-iron alloy.
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (6), insbesondere der vordere Gehäuseteil (7), an seiner Außenseite zumindest bereichsweise konisch ausgebildet ist und/oder ein Gewinde (10) aufweist. 10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the housing (6), in particular the front housing part (7), at least partially conically on its outer side and / or has a thread (10).
1 1. Zündkerze nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (6) den Isolator (1 1 ) hintergreift und unter Vorspannung in dem Gehäuse (6) hält. 1 1. A spark plug according to claim 10, characterized in that the housing (6) engages behind the insulator (1 1) and under bias in the housing (6).
12. Zündkerze nach Anspruch 1 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der hintere Gehäuseteil (8) den Isolator (1 1 ) hintergreift und unter Vorspannung in dem Gehäuse (6) hält. 12. Spark plug according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the rear housing part (8) engages behind the insulator (1 1) and holds under bias in the housing (6).
EP17713153.9A 2016-04-25 2017-01-23 Spark plug Active EP3281263B8 (en)

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DE102016206992.6A DE102016206992A1 (en) 2016-04-25 2016-04-25 spark plug
PCT/DE2017/200004 WO2017186238A1 (en) 2016-04-25 2017-01-23 Spark plug

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