EP3279603B2 - Electromagnetic mobile active system - Google Patents

Description

Various embodiments generally relate to an electromagnetic mobile active system for accommodation in a missile having a detonation-powered magnetic field compressor.

In modern weapons and reconnaissance and communication systems and associated platforms, highly integrated electrical and electronic components are increasingly being used. Mention should be made of the concept of an all-electric ship, which, in addition to energy distribution systems, has electronic sensors (e.g. surveillance and fire control radars), communication equipment and electrical drives, and will have future weapon systems such as high-energy lasers and so-called railguns. A current example are the new American destroyers of the Zumwalt class. The same applies to stationary land-based systems such as radar systems, command and control systems (C2 systems) and air defense positions. A specialty are the highly mobile T-14 Armata battle tanks currently being developed in Russia, which, in addition to passive and reactive protection, can also have modern active protection systems.

Active protection systems on a hard-kill basis such as AFGANIT use radar systems with several active phase grating antennas installed on the tower, which can detect and track several targets at the same time. Weapons such as multi-EFP active charges and a 12.7 mm rapid-fire cannon are integrated into the command and control weapon deployment system. In addition, further sensor systems can be used for the detection of approaching threats and for weather data as well as communication facilities. In addition, other electro-optical Protection systems such as SHTORA-1 with laser sensors, sensors for detecting the radiation of the control channel of anti-tank missiles and infrared searchlights can be integrated.

This results in a broad field of application for electromagnetic active systems. The high packing density of today's electronic systems also increases the sensitivity to electromagnetic attacks significantly compared to earlier analog circuits.

Conventional, electrical systems based on high-performance Marx generators for continuous operation allow, for example, the intermittent disruption of electronic components at comparatively short distances of a few meters. The main disadvantage of such systems is that the field strengths generated are too low to permanently destroy sensors and electronic components, for example. This applies even more to hardened electronics. For example, they are also not suitable for mobile transport with missiles or UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), as the space required to generate energy is too great, for example.

Explosive-based systems using magnetic field compression generate an electromagnetic pulse with the aid of explosive charges, but have the disadvantage that practicable military use is not possible.

the DE 195 28 112 C1 describes a non-lethal ammunition with an MHD generator as an energy source, a detonation charge, a coaxial coil arranged coaxially within this and a directional antenna.

the DE 199 16 952 A1 describes an active body with an enveloping body in the interior of which a piezo crystal and a detonator axially adjacent to it are arranged. The detonator has an explosive and one that can be accelerated by the explosive Activation mass to deform the piezo crystal. The piezo crystal is connected to a discharge circuit via electrodes. The discharge circuit has a series connection of capacitances and inductances, the inductance being implemented in the form of a coil which surrounds the detonator and is arranged at a radial distance from it. Antennas for directional radiation can also be present.

On this basis, it is the object of the invention to specify an active system which improves the disadvantages mentioned.

This object is achieved with a device having the features of claim 1 and a method according to claim 12. Exemplary embodiments are presented in the dependent claims. It should be pointed out that the features of the exemplary embodiments of the devices also apply to embodiments of the method and the arrangement of the device, and vice versa.

An electromagnetic mobile active system for accommodation in a missile with a detonation-operated magnetic field compressor is specified. The magnetic field compressor has at least one stator coil. The magnetic field compressor also has at least one fitting shell. The armature shell is at least partially surrounded by the stator coil and is radially spaced from it. The magnetic field compressor also has at least one explosive charge. The explosive charge is embedded in the armature shell. More precisely, the explosive charge is at least largely surrounded by the armature shell. The magnetic field compressor has at least one power source. A trigger system is also provided to activate the detonation of the explosive charge. The trigger system can be controlled by a current pulse from the power source as a function of a distance signal supplied by the missile. As a result of the detonation, a high level of electrical energy can be generated in the stator coil. For directed radiation of the explosive charge caused by the detonation The electrical energy generated has the active system at least one directional antenna.

The stator coil and the armature cover, as a stator, form an electromagnetic generator or compressor. A magnetic field is built up in the stator coil by a power source.

The invention is based on the idea that the detonation of the explosive charge results in a change in the magnetic field in the stator coil, thereby indicating a high level of electrical energy in the coil. This high electrical energy is directed towards a target via the directional antenna. The detonation takes place in response to a distance signal which is provided to the active system by, for example, a distance sensor of the missile in which the active system is installed. By accommodating the active system in a mobile missile and the spacing effect, military use is only meaningfully possible.

The dimensions, volume, mass and energy requirements of the device should preferably be dimensioned in such a way that the device is suitable for mobile transport with missiles, UAVs or similar mobile systems on land or underwater. Sufficient miniaturization of all components of the electromagnetic active system in terms of installation space, mass and energy requirement is only possible for integration into mobile systems.

Due to the 1 / R ² law, omnidirectional radiation of electromagnetic waves leads to drastically reduced performance in the target with increasing distances. By means of appropriate antennas, for example, systems for focusing by directional effect can lead to a significant increase in the interference or effective distance. For example, either the missile / UAV itself and / or the directional antenna are to be aligned with the target. Electromagnetic systems offer, among other things, the advantage in an urban environment, in the maritime coastal area and / or in port facilities, in which the use of classic conventional weapon systems can be associated with major collateral damage to uninvolved civilians, vehicles and buildings. The effect of directed electromagnetic active systems, on the other hand, is primarily directed against electrical and electronic components, so that depending on the concept used, one can speak of non-lethal or low-lethal systems.

According to the invention, the stator coil has a high ductility. A high ductility allows the mechanical integrity of the stator coil to be maintained for as long as possible during the detonation of the explosive charge and the subsequent expansion.

The radial distance between the armature cover and the stator coil has the advantage of allowing the stator coil to expand sufficiently as a result of the detonative conversion, so that a current can be induced in the coil for as long as possible via the change in the magnetic field. To do this, the coil should remain intact as long as possible (here in the microsecond range).

According to a preferred embodiment of the device, the stator coil has at least one winding. The stator coil has, for example, copper or another material that has a high electrical conductivity.

Alternatively, the stator coil and / or the armature shell can have copper, gold, aluminum or comparable materials, or an alloy with one or more of the aforementioned materials. This has the advantage that the ductility of the stator coil is very high and the current conduction between the stator coil and the armature shell can be maintained for as long as possible during the detonation.

According to a preferred embodiment, the fitting shell has, for example, depressions, notches or the like through which a controlled dismantling of the valve shell is possible. According to a preferred embodiment, the armature shell and / or the stator coil can be surrounded by inert, non-metallic materials such as plastics such as PVC, PTFE or others, and / or composite materials such as CFRP, GFRP or others. This has the advantage that the collateral damage area can be controlled, for example, by splintering, and thus also reduced.

According to a preferred embodiment, the stator coil has a single-layer or multi-layer winding. The distance between the windings of the stator coil preferably increases at least partially in the direction of the active system front. With the active system front, the current in the stator coil increases, starting from the location of the initiation of the detonation, so that the stator coil preferably has a higher winding density with the direction of the active system front. A heterogeneous structure of the stator coil can prevent overignition, for example.

According to a preferred embodiment, the power source comprises a Marx generator, capacitor banks, a dielectric generator and / or a ferroelectric generator. The power source is preferably a high-performance, pulsed power source that provides the initial magnetic flux density for the stator coil.

According to a preferred embodiment, the explosive charge has a detonator. The explosive charge preferably has an explosive mixture based on RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane), HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane), CL-20 (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaza-isowurtzitane), TKX-50 (5,50-bis-trazole-1,10-diolate ), FOX-7 (1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene), TATB (triaminotrinitrobenzene), PETN (nitropenta or pentaerythrityl tetranitrate) and / or TNT (trinitrotoluene or 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene ) or comparable explosives with preferably high detonation speed.

According to a preferred embodiment, the active system has at least one switching device. The switching device is preferably set up to forward the electrical energy generated by the detonation in the stator coil to the directional antenna.

Furthermore, according to a preferred embodiment, the active system has a cascade connection and triggering for the targeted generation of a target-adapted waveform.

According to a preferred embodiment, the directional antenna serves to increase the distance effect, which radiates the power generated by the magnetic field compressor in a concentrated manner by means of electromagnetic waves against a target located at a distance. The electrical power released in a short time by the explosive is preferably emitted in corresponding pulses. For this purpose, a corresponding switching device or power electronics that can convert a short-term and high current pulse is advantageous.

According to a preferred embodiment, the distance signal supplied by the missile is triggered as a function of a predetermined distance between the active system and the target. By triggering the detonation at a predetermined distance from the target, the electromagnetic effect can be optimally used in accordance with the target to be fought. Depending on the type of target, the selection of the distance can have the effect of briefly disrupting the electrical system up to almost complete destruction.

According to a preferred embodiment, the distance between the effective system and the target at which the effective system detonates the explosive charge triggers, between 5 and 100 meters. The distance is preferably at least 5 to 100 meters, preferably at least 10 meters and, particularly preferably at least 30 meters. Depending on the target to be fought, the maximum distance can also be more than 100 meters. This depends on the amount of explosive charge used and the type of target to be fought. If the detonation is between 5 and 100 meters away, for example, the sensors of modern active protection systems can be destroyed or at least effectively damaged, for example to blind a modern weapon system such as a battle tank. This is preferably done outside of the control distance of modern active protection systems. With a subsequent volley shot by an anti-tank missile or multi-role missile, for example, modern reactive protection systems and passive armor protection can then be overcome.

According to a preferred embodiment, the active system has at least one application device. The application device is preferably set up to emit the electromagnetic pulse generated by the detonation into a target directly or over distances of up to 5 meters, for example, through conductive contact or sparking. For example, the application device can have one or more rolled up, electrically conductive wire spools which are connected to the active system at one end and have an arrowhead, for example, at the other end. Shortly before the target, the arrowheads are shot at the target and provide an electrical connection to the active system via the electrically conductive wire. This has the advantage that, by varying the effective distance to the target, escalation tactics, for example, can be implemented in times of increasing political and military tensions.

According to the invention, the explosive charge is arranged in the form of a shaped charge. In addition, the explosive charge has means for generating a blast effect and / or a splinter effect. This has the advantage that the overall performance of the active system can be increased.

According to the invention, the active system has an electrically insulated shell. The shell has a magnetized and / or magnetizable material. This has the advantage that the magnetic flux in the system and thus the overall performance of the active system can be increased.

Furthermore, an active system arrangement is specified which has at least two previously described active systems. The effects of the at least two active systems can preferably be called up simultaneously for a cumulative effect. More preferably, the at least two active systems can be triggered shortly one after the other for a multiple effect.

Cascading and corresponding triggering enables, for example, an adaptation of the waveform to the range susceptible by the sensors. Through the cumulative effects of multiple electromagnetic charges, escalation tactics, for example, can be implemented in times of increasing political and military tensions. The cascading of several generators therefore has the advantage, for example, of both significantly increasing the potential effective range and of enabling the setting of an application-specific electromagnetic waveform.

Furthermore, a missile having at least one previously described active system or a previously described active system arrangement is specified.

A method for the scalability of a generated electromagnetic effect in the target is also specified. The method has the step of generating an electromagnetic effect by detonating at least one explosive charge in a previously described active system. Furthermore, the method has the step of triggering one or more explosive charges at the same time or at a short time interval one after the other. The detonation is preferably triggered as a function of a predetermined distance of the effective system from the target. The amount of the at least one explosive charge used is preferably preselected depending on the target to be hit.

According to the invention, a volley shot is subsequently carried out by means of at least one anti-tank missile and / or multi-role missile. With an anti-tank missile or multi-role missile, for example, modern reactive protection systems and passive armor protection can then be overcome.

FIG. 1

eine erste Ausführungsform des elektromagnetischen Wirksystems zeigt;

FIG. 2

eine weitere detailliertere Ausführungsform des elektromagnetischen Wirksystems zeigt;

Fig. 3

schematisch die Einwirkung einer Ausführungsform des elektromagnetischen Wirksystems auf ein Ziel zeigt;

FIG. 4

schematisch einen Wirkungsplot des Schadensbereichs eines elektromagnetischen Wirksystems zeigt; und

Fig. 5

schematisch ein Ablaufdiagramm eines Verfahrens zur Skalierbarkeit einer erzeugten elektromagnetischen Wirkung im Ziel zeigt.

In the drawings, like reference characters generally refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale; Rather, emphasis will generally be placed on illustrating the principles of the invention. In the following description, various embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the following drawings, in which:

FIG. 1

shows a first embodiment of the electromagnetic operating system;

FIG. 2

shows another more detailed embodiment of the electromagnetic operating system;

Fig. 3

shows schematically the action of an embodiment of the electromagnetic effective system on a target;

FIG. 4th

shows schematically an action plot of the damage area of an electromagnetic effective system; and

Fig. 5

schematically shows a flowchart of a method for the scalability of a generated electromagnetic effect in the target.

The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings which, by way of illustration, show specific details and embodiments in which the invention can be practiced.

The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration". Any embodiment or configuration described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or configurations.

In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and in which there is shown, for purposes of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. It goes without saying that other embodiments can be used and structural or logical changes can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It goes without saying that the features of the various exemplary embodiments described herein can be combined with one another, unless specifically stated otherwise. The following detailed description is therefore not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

In the context of this description, the terms “connected”, “connected” and “coupled” are used to describe both a direct and an indirect connection, a direct or indirect connection and a direct or indirect coupling. In the figures, identical or similar elements are provided with identical reference symbols, insofar as this is appropriate.

In the methods described here, the steps can be carried out in almost any order without departing from the principles of the invention, unless a chronological or functional sequence is expressly stated. If a claim states that one step is carried out first and then several other steps are carried out in succession, it is to be understood that the first step is carried out before all other steps, but the other steps are carried out in any suitable order if a sequence is not set out within the other steps. Parts of claims in which, for example, "Step A, Step B, Step C, Step D and Step E" are listed should be understood to mean that Step A is carried out first, Step E is carried out last and Steps B, C and D can be carried out in any order between steps A and E, and that the sequence falls within the stated scope of protection of the claimed method. Furthermore, specified steps can be carried out at the same time, unless an express wording in the claim states that they are to be carried out separately. For example, a step for executing X in the claim and a step for executing Y in the claim can be performed simultaneously within a single operation, and the resulting process falls within the formulated scope of protection of the claimed method.

In Figure 1 a first embodiment of the electromagnetic active system 100 is shown. The active system 100 has a detonation-operated magnetic field compressor 101. the In the embodiment shown, magnetic field compressor 101 has a stator coil 102 and a fitting casing 103. In the embodiment shown, the armature cover 103 is surrounded by the stator coil 102 and is radially spaced from it. According to an embodiment that is not shown, one or more stator coils can also only partially surround the fitting shell. An explosive charge 104 is embedded in the fitting casing 103. The stator coil 102 is electrically connected to a power source 105. A trigger system 106 is provided for detonating the explosive charge 104, the trigger system 106 being controllable by a current pulse from the current source 105 as a function of a signal supplied by the missile (not shown). The detonation of the explosive charge 104 generates a high level of electrical energy in the stator coil 102. More precisely, the detonation of the explosive charge 104 results in a rapid change in the magnetic field built up in the stator coil 102 by the current source 105. In the embodiment shown, the active system 100 has a directional antenna 107 for the directed radiation of the electrical energy generated by the detonation of the explosive charge 104.

In Figure 2 a further, more detailed embodiment of an electromagnetic active system 200 is shown. The active system 200 has a detonation-operated magnetic field compressor 201. The magnetic field compressor 201 has an armature shell 203 which is filled with an explosive charge 204 and which is surrounded by a stator coil 202. The magnetic field compressor 201 is coupled to a current source 205, for example a capacitor bank, by means of which a magnetic field can be induced in the stator coil 202. The magnetic field compressor 201 is further connected to a trigger system 206. In response to a predetermined signal, the trigger system 206 initiates the explosive charge 204. The trigger system 206 can have a delay function, for example. The initiation of the magnetic field in the stator coil 204 can also be controlled via the trigger system 206, for example. The detonation of the explosive charge 204 changes the energy in the stator coil 202 built-up magnetic field, which suddenly generates a large amount of electrical energy. This energy is conducted via a switching device 208, for example by corresponding power electronics, to a transmitter 209; for this purpose, the stator coil 202 is electrically connected to the switching device 208 and the transmitter 209 is electrically coupled to the switching device. The transmitter 209 generates electromagnetic radiation which is emitted by the directional antenna 207 onto a target.

In Figure 3 the action 300 of an embodiment of the electromagnetic effective system 301 on a target 302 is shown schematically. In the embodiment shown, the active system 301 is accommodated in a missile 303. The effective system 301 has a detonation-operated magnetic field compressor 304 which, when an explosive charge detonates, emits electromagnetic radiation 306 to the target 302 to be combated via a directional antenna 305 in the missile 303. The detonation of the explosive charge takes place at a predetermined distance D of the missile 303 to the target 302.

In an embodiment of the active system, not shown, at least two or more previously described active systems can be provided, the effects of the active systems being able to be called up simultaneously for a cumulative effect or being able to be triggered in quick succession for a multiple effect. Individual components such as the power source, the switching device, the trigger system and the directional antenna can also be provided jointly for several active systems. For example, two or more active systems can have a common power source, via which the magnetic field is induced in the stator coil. For example, the trigger system can be set up to detonate several explosive charges simultaneously or in quick succession. In this case, for example, in the case of a plurality of explosive charges, some explosive charges can be detonated at the same time and further explosive charges can be detonated one after the other.

In an embodiment of the active system (not shown), for example, an application device can be provided which is set up to emit the electromagnetic pulse generated by the detonation into target D directly or over distances of up to 5 meters through conductive contact or sparking.

A detonation-operated magnetic field compressor 304 with approx. 8 kg of high-energy explosive is suitable, for example, for applications with approx. 12 to 18 kg of active system mass for combating specific sensors. A detonation-operated magnetic field compressor 304 with approx. 50 kg of high-energy explosives in cascade connection is suitable, for example, for applications with up to approx. 120 kg of active system mass.

The aim is, for example, to combat demanding targets with complex sensor systems, the electronics of which are destroyed or at least temporarily disturbed by the electromagnetic radiation 306 generated when the explosive charge is detonated. The effects of the active systems can be called up at the same time for a cumulative effect or can be triggered in quick succession for a multiple effect.

In Figure 4 an action plot 400 of the damage area of an electromagnetic active system is shown schematically. The distance between the active system and the target to be combated is shown on the X-axis. The extent of the damage area is shown schematically on the Y-axis. In the case of a target 1 401, the detonation of the explosive charge is initiated at a short distance from the target. In the case of target 2 402, the detonation of the explosive charge is initiated at a comparatively large distance.

Different destruction limits were assumed for target 1 401 and target 2 402 (e.g. the larger ellipse of damage area 2 404 with 50% and the smaller ellipse of damage area 1 403 with 100% probability of destruction or damage). In addition to, for example, physical destruction of the electronic components, electrical failure due to short circuits or pure disruption due to interference caused by the interference radiation can also be used as effectiveness criteria.

In Figure 5 a flowchart 500 of a method for the scalability of a generated electromagnetic effect in the target is shown schematically.

The method for the scalability of an electromagnetic effect generated in the target has the step of generating an electromagnetic effect by detonating at least one explosive charge in an active system according to one of the preceding claims 501. The method furthermore has the step of triggering one or more explosive charges simultaneously or in short time interval one after the other 502. The detonation is triggered as a function of a predetermined distance between the effective system and the target. The amount of at least one explosive charge used is preselected depending on the target to be hit.

Although the invention has been shown and described primarily with reference to particular embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that numerous changes in design and details can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is thus determined by the appended claims, and it is therefore intended that all changes which come within the literal language of the claims be embraced.

List of reference symbols

100, 200, 301

System of action

101, 201, 304

Magnetic field compressor

102, 202

Stator coil

103, 203

Fitting cover

104, 204

Explosive charge

105, 205

Power source

106, 206

Trigger system

107, 207, 305

Directional antenna

208

Switching device

209

Channel

300

arrangement

302

aim

303

Missile

306

electromagnetic radiation

400

Action plot

401

Goal 1

402

Goal 2

403

Damage area 1

404

Damage area 2

500

Flowchart

501, 502

Procedural steps

D.

distance

Claims (12)

1. Electromagnetic movable effector system (100) for accommodation in a missile comprising a detonation-operated magnetic field compressor (101) having:

   at least one stator coil (102);

   at least one armature sleeve (103), the armature sleeve (103) being enclosed at least in part by the stator coil (102) and

   spaced apart radially therefrom;

   at least one explosive charge (104), the explosive charge (104) being embedded in the armature sleeve (103), being arranged in the form of a hollow charge and having means for producing a blast effect and/or splinter effect;

   at least one power source (105) to which the stator coil (102) is electrically connected;

   a trigger system (106) for detonating the explosive charge (104), the trigger system (106) being controllable by a current pulse from the power source (105) independently of a distance signal supplied by the missile;

   the detonation being capable of generating a high electric power in the stator coil (102);

   the stator coil (102) having a high ductility, so as to maintain the mechanical integrity of the stator coil (102) for as long as possible during the detonation of the explosive charge (104) and the subsequent expansion; and

   at least one directional antenna (107) for directed radiation of the electric power generated by the detonation of the explosive charge (104); and

   an electrically insulated sleeve, the sleeve including a magnetised and/or magnetisable material.
2. Effector system according to claim 1, wherein the stator coil (102) has at least one winding, and wherein the stator coil (102) comprises copper, gold, aluminium or another material which has high electric conductivity and mechanical properties so as to maintain the passage of current between the stator coil (102) and the armature sleeve (104) for as long as possible during the detonation; and/or
   wherein the armature sleeve (104) has depressions, notches or the like for controlled breakup of the armature sleeve.
3. Effector system according to any of the preceding claims,
   wherein the stator coil (102) has a single-layer or multi-layer winding and wherein the distance of the windings of the stator coil (102) increases in at least some cases towards the effector system front.
4. Effector system according to any of the preceding claims,
   wherein the power source (105) comprises a Marx generator, capacitor banks, a dielectric generator and/or a ferroelectric generator.
5. Effector system according to any of the preceding claims,
   wherein the explosive charge (104) has a detonator and an explosive material mixture based on HMX, TKX-50, CL-20, RDX, FOX-7, TATB, PETN and/or TNT having a rapid rate of detonation.
6. Effector system according to any of the preceding claims, having at least one switching device (208) which is set up to pass on the electric power generated in the stator coil (202) by the detonation to the directional antenna (207).
7. Effector system according to any of the preceding claims,
   wherein the distance signal is triggered as a function of a predetermined distance (D) of the effector system (301) from the target (302).
8. Effector system according to claim 7, wherein the distance (D) between the effector system (301) and the target (302) is between 5 and 100 metres.
9. Effector system according to any of the preceding claims, having at least one application means which is set up to emit the electromagnetic pulse generated by the detonation into a target (D) through conductive contact or spark discharge, directly or over distances of up to 5 metres.
10. Effector system arrangement, having at least two effector systems according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the effects of the at least two effector systems can be called on simultaneously for a cumulative effect or can be ignited in rapid temporal succession for a multiple effect.
11. Missile (303) having at least one effector system (301) or one effector system arrangement according to any of the preceding claims.
12. Method (400) for scalability of a generated electromagnetic effect in the target, having the steps of:

    generating an electromagnetic effect by detonating at least one explosive charge in an effector system according to any of the preceding claims (401); and

    triggering one or more explosive charges simultaneously or in succession at a short time interval (402);

    wherein the detonation is triggered as a function of a predetermined distance of the effector from the target;

    wherein the amount of the at least one explosive charge used is preselected as a function of the target to be struck; and

    wherein subsequently a salvo shot is performed using at least one anti-tank missile and/or multi-role missile.

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