EP3279350B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines gegenstandes aus härtbarer aluminiumlegierung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung eines gegenstandes aus härtbarer aluminiumlegierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3279350B1
EP3279350B1 EP16182951.0A EP16182951A EP3279350B1 EP 3279350 B1 EP3279350 B1 EP 3279350B1 EP 16182951 A EP16182951 A EP 16182951A EP 3279350 B1 EP3279350 B1 EP 3279350B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
aluminium alloy
raw product
hardenable
hardenable aluminium
temperature
Prior art date
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Application number
EP16182951.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3279350A1 (de
Inventor
Manoj Kumar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LKR Leichtmetallkompetenzzentrum Ranshofen GmbH
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LKR Leichtmetallkompetenzzentrum Ranshofen GmbH
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Priority to EP16182951.0A priority Critical patent/EP3279350B1/de
Priority to ES16182951T priority patent/ES2783599T3/es
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a method for producing an object made from a hardenable aluminium alloy.
  • JP06081066 A discloses cryogenic forming of Al-Mg-Si alloys.
  • Aluminium alloys show the characteristic that the uniform elongation, work hardening, yields and tensile strength significantly increase with decreasing temperature.
  • a method for producing an object made from a heat treatable aluminium alloy comprising:
  • a method according to the invention allows for the production of crack-free objects from a hardenable heat treatable aluminium alloy.
  • the object may be a structured component for use in the automotive industry.
  • the method of the invention is also applicable to other parts which receive a certain shape by a forming process.
  • hardenable aluminium alloys are such aluminium alloys which are heat treatable.
  • Heat treatable aluminium alloys can be hardened by a first heat treatment at a higher temperature to dissolve precipitates within the matrix and a second heat treatment at lower temperature whereby new precipitates form.
  • the invention is based on the following considerations:
  • the work hardening behavior of heat treatable aluminium alloys can be significantly affected by the nature of precipitates.
  • the effect of shearable precipitates on work hardening has generally been considered in terms of the possibility of flow localization on a glide plane as the precipitate strength is decreased by the dislocation shearing process.
  • very high initial hardening rates are observed (i. e., dispersion hardening systems). This has been attributed to two fundamental mechanisms, namely, the storage of additional so-called geometrically necessary dislocations and the storage of elastic energy in the second-phase particles ( L. M. Cheng, W. J. Poole, J. D.
  • the solute elements form a solid solution that is known to improve the work hardening behavior primarily by making dynamic recovery a more difficult process. This may arise from multiple mechanisms, namely, changes in stacking fault energy due to alloying, solute drag effects on dislocation and so on ( L. M. Cheng, W. J. Poole, J. D. Embury, D. J. Lloyd, The influence of precipitation on the work-hardening behavior of the aluminum alloys AA6111 and AA7030, Metall. Mater. Trans. A. 34, 2003, 2473, doi: 10.1007/s11661-003-0007-2 ). It is the concept of the invention to achieve a similar solid solution state in a heat treatable, hardenable aluminium alloy by dissolving the hardening precipitates by applying a suitable heat treatment directly before the forming process at low temperature.
  • the half-finished product of the heat treatable aluminium alloy is usually heated to an elevated temperature of 250 °C to 600 °C, in particular 300 °C to 450 °C. A very fast heating up to the elevated temperature is preferred.
  • the half-finish product of the hardenable aluminium alloy is heated to an elevated temperature with a heating rate of at least 10 K/s.
  • the half-finished product of the hardenable aluminium alloy is held at the elevated temperature for a time up to 60 s, in particular up to 40 s.
  • the half-finished product of hardenable aluminium alloy is advantageously rapidly quenched to room temperature, preferably by cooling rates of more than 5 K/s, more preferably more than 10 K/s, in particular more than 20 K/s.
  • cooling rates of more than 5 K/s, more preferably more than 10 K/s, in particular more than 20 K/s.
  • the half-finished product of the hardenable aluminium alloy can be rapidly quenched by contact with a gas like air or a liquid.
  • a gas like air or a liquid.
  • liquids water or oils can be used.
  • the half-finished product of the hardenable aluminium alloy can be formed that the temperature below -190 °C.
  • liquid nitrogen can be used in order to cool directly or indirectly the half-finished product to a temperature of about -196 °C before the forming step is performed.
  • a hardening step by a heat treatment can be applied. This hardening can be performed during a paint bake cycle, in particular when producing an automotive part.
  • the method according to the invention is applied to sheets.
  • the method is applied to form an automotive component.
  • Fig. 1a and 1b flow curves of two sheets made from a non-heat treatable aluminium alloy AW-5182-O ( Fig. 1a ) and a heat treatable aluminium alloy AW-6016-T4 ( Fig. 1b ) are shown.
  • the sheets of the two different materials were formed at room temperature as well as low temperatures.
  • the sheet of the non-heat treatable alloy AW-5182-A it was possible to obtain crack free automotive components, namely a mini-B-pillar part, when formed at a temperature of -196 °C ( Fig. 2a ) whereas at room temperature cracks were observed ( Fig. 2b ).
  • the heat treatable, hardenable alloy AW-6016-T4 crack-free parts could neither be produced at room temperature nor at low temperatures.
  • Fig. 3 depicts schematically a process according to the invention for forming objects from a half-finished product like a sheet or a tube wherein the method is applicable to hardenable aluminium alloys in order to produce crack-free objects.
  • a half-finished product like a sheet, tube or another shaped product is provided.
  • the sheet is than exposed to a shock heat treatment as a second step.
  • the sheet material is heated with a heating rate of more than 10 K/s to reach a shock heat treatment temperature between 250 °C and 600 °C.
  • This fast heating can be performed by contact, laser, plasma, infrared, resistance and/or induction heating technologies.
  • the sheet is usually held for a predetermined holding time at the elevated temperature.
  • Typical holding times are in the range up to 60 s, preferably 20 s to 40 s.
  • the half-finished product is quenched to room temperature by applying a quenching medium like a gas or a liquid.
  • Typical quenching media are gas or water.
  • the quenched half-finished product is transferred to a tool which is cooled to a low temperature and allows for low temperature forming of the half-finished product to a structured component.
  • the tool can be cooled with liquid nitrogen in order to provide temperatures of about -196 °C for the forming process.
  • a structured component for example for use in automotive industry, is obtained.
  • the structural component can be exposed to a usual paint baking process.
  • the dissolution of hardening precipitates occurs mainly during the rapid heating step and further completes during the optional holding time. This process enriches the aluminium matrix with solutes which are trapped inside the matrix upon quenching down to room temperature.
  • enhanced work hardening behavior is achieved and in result the formability limit extended to higher levels as compared to the initial starting condition of the alloy. This is depicted in Fig. 4a for a sheet of an alloy AW-6016-T4 and in Fig. 4b for a sheet of an alloy AW-7075-T6. In both cases the shock heat treatment was performed by heating the sheets to a temperature of 400 °C and by applying a holding time of 30 s.
  • shock heat treatment to the half-finished product of the heat treatable aluminium alloy within a limited time before the forming operation is the fact that it is not necessary to take into account the effect of shelf life on the formability.
  • the instant method can be applied to variets products made from sheet metal, in particular automotive componence like your inner panels, door outer panels, side panels, inner hoods, outer hoods and/or trunk lid panels as well as A-pillars, B-pillars and C-pillars and other automotive parts.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Gegenstands (1) hergestellt aus einer härtbaren Aluminiumlegierung, das Verfahren umfassend:
    Bereitstellen eines Rohprodukts der härtbaren Aluminiumlegierung, wobei das Rohprodukt ein Blech ist;
    Erhitzen des Rohprodukts der härtbaren Aluminiumlegierung auf eine erhöhte Temperatur, um Niederschläge aufzulösen, wobei das Rohprodukt der härtbaren Aluminiumlegierung mit einer Aufheizgeschwindigkeit von mindestens 10 K/s auf eine erhöhte Temperatur erhitzt wird;
    wahlweise Halten des Rohprodukts der härtbaren Aluminiumlegierung auf der erhöhten Temperatur für einen vorher festgelegten Zeitraum;
    rasches Abschrecken des Rohprodukts der härtbaren Aluminiumlegierung auf eine Temperatur unterhalb der erhöhten Temperatur, um die aufgelösten Niederschläge mindestens teilweise innerhalb der Aluminiumlegierung zu halten;
    Formen des Rohprodukts der härtbaren Aluminiumlegierung bei einer Temperatur von weniger als 0 °C, insbesondere weniger als -150 °C, um den Gegenstand (1) herzustellen.
  2. Das Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Rohprodukt der härtbaren Aluminiumlegierung auf eine erhöhte Temperatur von 250 °C bis 600 °C, insbesondere 300 °C bis 450 °C, erhitzt wird.
  3. Das Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei das Rohprodukt der härtbaren Aluminiumlegierung für einen Zeitraum von bis zu 60 s, insbesondere bis zu 40 s, auf der erhöhten Temperatur gehalten wird.
  4. Das Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei das Rohprodukt der härtbaren Aluminiumlegierung rasch auf Raumtemperatur abgeschreckt wird.
  5. Das Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Rohprodukt der härtbaren Aluminiumlegierung durch Kontakt mit einem Gas oder einer Flüssigkeit rasch abgeschreckt wird.
  6. Das Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei das Rohprodukt der härtbaren Aluminiumlegierung bei einer Temperatur von weniger als -190 °C geformt wird.
  7. Das Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei der Gegenstand (1) eine Kraftfahrzeugkomponente ist.
EP16182951.0A 2016-08-05 2016-08-05 Verfahren zur herstellung eines gegenstandes aus härtbarer aluminiumlegierung Active EP3279350B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16182951.0A EP3279350B1 (de) 2016-08-05 2016-08-05 Verfahren zur herstellung eines gegenstandes aus härtbarer aluminiumlegierung
ES16182951T ES2783599T3 (es) 2016-08-05 2016-08-05 Método para producir un objeto hecho de una aleación de aluminio endurecible

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16182951.0A EP3279350B1 (de) 2016-08-05 2016-08-05 Verfahren zur herstellung eines gegenstandes aus härtbarer aluminiumlegierung

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EP3279350A1 EP3279350A1 (de) 2018-02-07
EP3279350B1 true EP3279350B1 (de) 2020-01-08

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB201713741D0 (en) * 2017-08-25 2017-10-11 Imp Innovations Ltd Fast warm stamping method for metal sheets

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SE7702015L (sv) 1976-03-31 1977-10-01 Union Carbide Corp Sett att kryogent forma en metallplat av en metall med ytcentrerat kubiskt rumdgitter till ett alster av onskad kontfiguration
US4643779A (en) * 1984-10-17 1987-02-17 University Of Florida Method of making aluminum-lithium alloys with improved ductility
JP3248255B2 (ja) * 1992-08-31 2002-01-21 株式会社神戸製鋼所 極低温成形加工用Ａｌ−Ｍｇ−Ｓｉ系合金材

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ES2783599T3 (es) 2020-09-17
EP3279350A1 (de) 2018-02-07

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