EP3269676B1 - Load holding device - Google Patents

Load holding device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3269676B1
EP3269676B1 EP17001180.3A EP17001180A EP3269676B1 EP 3269676 B1 EP3269676 B1 EP 3269676B1 EP 17001180 A EP17001180 A EP 17001180A EP 3269676 B1 EP3269676 B1 EP 3269676B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flange
holding device
load
down means
force
Prior art date
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EP17001180.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3269676A1 (en
Inventor
Sören Franke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Spanset Axzion GmbH
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Spanset Axzion GmbH
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Publication of EP3269676A1 publication Critical patent/EP3269676A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/108—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means for lifting parts of wind turbines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/42—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/62—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/18—Control systems or devices
    • B66C13/22—Control systems or devices for electric drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05B2230/61—Assembly methods using auxiliary equipment for lifting or holding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a holding device for loads with a flange, the holding device having at least one bearing surface which can be arranged under the flange on an underside of the flange.
  • EP 2 837 741 A2 discloses a holding device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a holding device for transporting corresponding loads with a flange, for example tubular posts, in which bending up of a flange of a load to be transported is reduced.
  • the holding device for a load a flange arranged at at least one end, which as a rule—but not required according to the invention—is configured circumferentially, has the following features.
  • the holding device can be arranged in a known manner on a crane-like hoist and has at least two, preferably three, on the underside of the flange, on the inside of the load or pipe, running around the flange at an equal angle to one another and can therefore be arranged and locked on the load, At least one hold-down device, corresponding to each contact surface, is provided on the holding device and a top side of the flange and/or a jacket area adjoining the flange can be acted upon by the respective hold-down device with a force that is independent of a transport process, such as lifting.
  • the force that can be exerted by the respective hold-down device independently of the transport process can be permitted by means of an actuator, for example by means of a hydraulic device or by means of an electric motor or internal combustion engine.
  • the maximum force that can be applied by the respective hold-down device is the amount that acts as a static or dynamic tensile force in the opposite direction on the at least one bearing surface on the underside of the flange when the load is hanging on the holding device or is swinging while hanging, with the load in the essentially hangs freely.
  • the above-mentioned variants are used individually or in combination, including mixed ones on a holding device. It can be advantageous, for example, for the hold-down device to be able to create a form fit between the holding device and the flange that is independent of the transport process on a contact surface that faces the ground when the load is in a horizontal position, which can be advantageous when the load is raised into a vertical position .
  • the upper side of the flange can then be subjected to a force that is independent of the transport process, as is exclusively provided for other bearing surfaces, by the corresponding hold-down device.
  • a force that is independent of the transport process is not one that, for example from the EP 2 661 408 B1 following, is generated by the position and the dead weight of the load, such as when the load is suspended from the hook and the tensile forces thus acting vertically.
  • loads are essentially loads that are used, for example, as foundation piles or structural elements of a wind turbine.
  • loads with a high weight which is usually more than 1 ton, also come into consideration.
  • the respective hold-down device - at least one hold-down device per support surface - is guided to the top of the flange and/or to the jacket area adjoining the flange, independently of the lifting process, until it rests against the flange or on the jacket area adjoining the flange and opens affects this.
  • the result is that the flange does not bend or bends to a lesser extent, when force is applied to the top of the flange, i.e. when the load is hanging or even when the load is brought from a horizontal to a horizontal position.
  • Applying force to the jacket area, in particular the outer jacket area is of particular advantage when lifting from the horizontal lying position to a horizontal position, because the holding device can then be locked even better and it is also possible to counteract the tensile forces acting on the jacket surface.
  • the necessary force that can be acted upon by the respective hold-down device can be determined using a suitable measuring device and then the force that can be acted upon by the hold-down device is adapted to the amount that acts as a dynamic tensile force in the opposite direction on the at least one bearing surface on the underside of the Flange is applied when the load swings while hanging on the holding device.
  • an oscillation of the load can be determined by the measuring device. If the measuring device is coupled to a controller for the respective hold-down device, the force that can be exerted by the respective hold-down device can be adapted to the dynamic tensile force of the load.
  • the respective hold-down device is arranged on the holding device in such a way that there is a defined distance between where the flange rests on the bearing surface of the holding device and an effective surface of the force that can be acted upon above the flange by the respective hold-down device.
  • the defined distance is preferably determined in such a way that it leads to the generation of a lever in favor of the force to be applied by the respective hold-down device.
  • Lever requires a small amount of force to be applied to the top of the load flange.
  • the respective hold-down device can be moved radially and/or the bearing surfaces of the holding device can be moved.
  • the respective hold-down device is preferably displaceable on the holding device in such a way that its distance from the contact surface and thus from an outer jacket area, i.e. the outside of a wall of the load, can be changed in the direction of an inner edge of the flange, as required.
  • a lever ratio can be changed by a distance x, which extends from a center line of the hold-down device and a center line of the bearing surface, and a distance y, which extends from the center line of the bearing surface and a center line of the wall of the load.
  • the imaginary center lines form the midpoint or the center of the lever-acting forces formed by the device and serve to illustrate the mode of operation of the device and the method more easily.
  • the lever ratio can be adjusted if the wall thickness or shape of the load differs. Furthermore, this serves to improve the arrangement of the holding device on the load.
  • the distance y increases, for example with different jacket wall thicknesses of the load, then the distance x must be increased, so to speak, in order to maintain a selected lever ratio and not having to increase the application of force to the hold-down device.
  • the leverage ratio can also be changed in such a way that that the distance y is greater by a predefined value than the distance x, so that the force to be applied by means of the hold-down device is reduced in order to prevent the flange from bending up.
  • the holding device can also be used more variably.
  • the respective hold-down device has a stamp with a stamping surface.
  • a force can be applied to the plunger on the upper side of the flange and/or on the jacket area of the load adjoining the flange.
  • the stamping surface can be arranged on the upper side of the flange and/or on the jacket area adjoining the flange and can thus be designed and adapted depending on the configuration of the flange, i.e. its shape.
  • the ram of the respective hold-down device can partly cover the upper side of the flange and partly the outer casing area adjoining the flange, which can be advantageous when transporting the load from a horizontal to a vertical position.
  • the flange can be surrounded in a form-fitting manner by the respective at least one hold-down device and the bearing surface of the holding device can receive the underside of the flange in a form-fitting manner.
  • a form fit creates a significantly larger surface on which the forces that otherwise only act on the flange are applied.
  • the respective hold-down device can enclose the upper side of the flange and an outer casing area of the load adjoining the flange over a large area when it is in operation.
  • the support surface the holder can lie flat on the underside of the flange and on an inner jacket area of the load adjoining the flange.
  • a fastening arrangement consisting of an above-described holding device for loads with a flange and a load with a flange is claimed.
  • Lifting means a change in position from a horizontal to a vertical position, as well as transport in a vertical position. All other transport positions are also included.
  • the force applied by the at least one hold-down device assumes the amount which, acting as a tensile force in the opposite direction, is applied to the at least one bearing surface on the underside of the flange when the load is hanging freely on the holding device.
  • the solution according to the invention provides a holding device in which the risk of a flange of a load to be transported bending open is further reduced or optimized in relation to the prior art.
  • the exemplary embodiment describes a holding device 1 for a tubular, elongated load 2 , such as large-sized tubes for use as foundation piles in offshore wind turbines, which have a peripheral flange arranged at one end.
  • the holding device 1 has three arms in a known manner and can be arranged on a crane-like hoist in a known manner using rigid or flexible load means, and in the exemplary embodiment has three flanges on an underside 4 of the flange 3 , on the inside of the pipe, at the same angle to one another 3 encircling and thus can be arranged and locked on the load claws 11 with contact surfaces 6 , wherein the claws 11 are slidably disposed at the free ends of the three arms.
  • this is only shown schematically in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the respective bearing surfaces 6 of the holding device 1 rest on the underside 4 of the flange 3 in the area of the wall of the load 2 .
  • the flange 3 rests on the bearing surfaces 6 .
  • two hold-down devices 7 are provided on each claw 11 of the holding device 1 , corresponding to each bearing surface 6 .
  • the respective hold-down device 7 is arranged at a defined distance from the respective bearing surface 6 in the direction of an inner edge 12 of the flange 3 . Due to the respective hold-down device 7, the upper side 5 of the flange 3 is connected to a transport process independent force can be applied, 1 and 2 .
  • the application of force is ensured by an actuator, a hydraulic control in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the respective hold-down devices 7 have a punch 8 with a punch surface 9 .
  • the plunger 8 can be subjected to a force on the upper side 5 of the flange 3 of the load 2 when the load 2 is being transported.
  • the respective hold-down device 7 can be moved radially on the holding device 1, in the exemplary embodiment on the claw 11 , so that its distance from the bearing surface 6 and thus, so to speak, from the outer jacket region 10, i.e. the outside of the wall of the load 2, in the direction of the inner edge 12 of the Flange 3 is variable, as needed, as from the 3 emerges.
  • a lever ratio is defined by a distance x, which extends from a center line of the hold-down device 7 and a center line of the bearing surface 6 , and a distance y, which extends from the center line of the bearing surface 6 and a center line of the wall of the load 2 . changeable.
  • the force to be applied by means of the hold-down device 7 can already be adjusted when the holding device 1 is arranged on the load 2 .
  • the force that can be applied by means of the hold-down device 7 can be adapted to the ambient conditions, such as vibration or to the load 2 .
  • the device provided in this way has the already mentioned advantageous features compared to the prior art and, last but not least, provides greater security against deformation of the flange.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Supplying Of Containers To The Packaging Station (AREA)
  • Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
  • Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Haltevorrichtung für Lasten mit einem Flansch, wobei die Haltevorrichtung mindestens eine unter dem Flansch an einer Unterseite des Flansches anordenbare Auflagefläche aufweist.The invention relates to a holding device for loads with a flange, the holding device having at least one bearing surface which can be arranged under the flange on an underside of the flange.

Derartige Vorrichtungen sind seit mehreren Jahren bekannt, so aus der DE 10 2011 011 603 A1 , der EP 2 402 278 A1 und der EP 2 661 408 B1 . EP 2 837 741 A2 offenbart eine Haltevorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.Such devices have been known for several years, so from DE 10 2011 011 603 A1 , the EP 2 402 278 A1 and the EP 2 661 408 B1 . EP 2 837 741 A2 discloses a holding device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Im Zusammenhang mit dem Einsatz der bekannten Haltevorrichtungen hat sich herausgestellt, dass es bei immer größer werdenden Lasten zu einer starken Beanspruchung der Last im Bereich des Anschlusses des Flansches an die Wand, so die Mantelfläche, kommt. Werden beispielsweise röhrenförmige lang gestreckte Lasten, die zumindest an einer Stirnseite einen Flansch aufweisen, transportiert, kann es im Zusammenhang mit dem Transportvorgang zu Deformationen in dem vorbeschriebenen Bereich kommen.In connection with the use of the known holding devices, it has been found that with ever-increasing loads, the load in the area where the flange is connected to the wall, i.e. the outer surface, is subjected to severe stress. If, for example, tubular, elongated loads that have a flange at least on one end face are transported, deformations in the above-described area can occur in connection with the transport process.

Zu beachten ist dabei, dass derartige röhrenförmige lang gestreckte Lasten in der Regel waagerecht am Boden gelagert werden. Wird eine bekannte Vorrichtung an einem Flansch angeschlagen, so kommt es schon beim Aufrichten der Röhren in eine senkrechte Lage zu erheblichen Beanspruchungen des vorbeschriebenen Bereichs des Flansches / Mantelfläche. Bei einem Transport, insbesondere dann, wenn die Last zu schwingen beginnt, kommt es vermehrt zu Deformationen im Bereich des Flansches / Mantelfläche. So wird der Flansch in dem Bereich, an dem er an der Mantelfläche angeordnet ist, aufgebogen. Dies hatte man in der Vergangenheit dadurch zu verhindern versucht, dass über einen Hebelmechanismus wirkende Klemmmittel eingesetzt werden, welche auf den Flansch oberhalb seiner Auflagefläche auf eine Haltevorrichtung einwirken, EP 2 661 408 B1 .It should be noted that such elongated tubular loads are usually stored horizontally on the ground. If a known device is attached to a flange, the above-described area of the flange/shell surface is already subject to considerable stress when the tubes are erected in a vertical position. During transport, especially when the load begins to vibrate, deformations in the area of the flange / lateral surface increase. In this way, the flange is bent open in the area where it is arranged on the lateral surface. In the past, attempts were made to prevent this by using a lever mechanism effective clamping means are used, which act on the flange above its bearing surface on a holding device, EP 2 661 408 B1 .

Der Nachteil dieser Lösung besteht darin, dass die Vorrichtung nur bei senkrechter Lage ihre Wirkung entfaltet und nicht bei einem Aufrichten einer entsprechenden Last. Darüber hinaus besteht die Gefahr, dass bei dynamischen Bewegungen der Last die bekannte Vorrichtung nicht ihre volle Wirkung entfaltet. Darüber hinaus sind je nach Art der zu transportierenden Lasten, so je nach Art der Dicke der Wand der Last unterschiedliche Hebelvorrichtungen einzusetzen, weil sich das Hebelverhältnis ändert. So variiert der in der EP 2 661 408 B1 in Fig. 2 dargestellte Wert y, wenn beispielsweise die Wanddicke der Last zu- oder abnimmt. Ändert sich jedoch dieses Verhältnis, so wird der Flansch entweder mit zu wenig oder zu viel Kraft durch das Klemmmittel beaufschlagt.The disadvantage of this solution is that the device is only effective when it is in a vertical position and not when a corresponding load is raised. In addition, there is a risk that the known device will not develop its full effect during dynamic movements of the load. In addition, depending on the type of loads to be transported, depending on the type of thickness of the wall of the load, different lever devices must be used because the lever ratio changes. So the varies in the EP 2 661 408 B1 in 2 value y shown if, for example, the wall thickness of the load increases or decreases. However, if this ratio changes, the flange is either subjected to too little or too much force by the clamping means.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Haltevorrichtung für einen Transport entsprechender Lasten mit einem Flansch, so beispielsweise röhrenförmige Pfähle, bereitzustellen, bei der ein Aufbiegen eines Flansches einer zu transportierenden Last vermindert wird.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a holding device for transporting corresponding loads with a flange, for example tubular posts, in which bending up of a flange of a load to be transported is reduced.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Hauptanspruchs 1 und des Nebenanspruchs 9 gelöst, wobei die Unteransprüche weitere erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltungsvarianten dieser Lösungen beinhalten.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of the main claim 1 and of the independent claim 9, the subclaims containing further design variants of these solutions according to the invention.

Danach weist die Haltevorrichtung für eine Last, einen an mindestens einem Ende angeordneten Flansch, der in Regel - aber nicht erfindungsnotwendig - umlaufend ausgestaltet ist, folgende Merkmale auf.According to this, the holding device for a load, a flange arranged at at least one end, which as a rule—but not required according to the invention—is configured circumferentially, has the following features.

Die Haltevorrichtung ist in bekannter Weise an ein kranartiges Hebezeug anordenbar und weist mindestens zwei, vorzugsweise drei, an einer Unterseite des Flansches, last- bzw. rohrinnenseitig, in einem gleichen Winkel zueinander den Flansch umlaufend und somit an die Last anordenbare und arretierbare Auflageflächen auf, wobei an der Haltevorrichtung mindestens ein Niederhalter, korrespondierend je Auflagefläche, vorgesehen ist und durch den jeweiligen Niederhalter eine Oberseite des Flansches und/oder ein an den Flansch sich anschließender Mantelbereich mit einer von einem Transportvorgang, so einem Heben, unabhängigen Kraft beaufschlagbar ist.The holding device can be arranged in a known manner on a crane-like hoist and has at least two, preferably three, on the underside of the flange, on the inside of the load or pipe, running around the flange at an equal angle to one another and can therefore be arranged and locked on the load, At least one hold-down device, corresponding to each contact surface, is provided on the holding device and a top side of the flange and/or a jacket area adjoining the flange can be acted upon by the respective hold-down device with a force that is independent of a transport process, such as lifting.

Die durch den jeweiligen Niederhalter unabhängig vom Transportvorgang ausübbare Kraft ist mittels eines Aktuators gewährbar, so beispielsweise mittels einer hydraulischen Vorrichtung oder mittels eines Elektro- oder Verbrennungsmotors.The force that can be exerted by the respective hold-down device independently of the transport process can be permitted by means of an actuator, for example by means of a hydraulic device or by means of an electric motor or internal combustion engine.

Die durch den jeweiligen Niederhalter beaufschlagbare Kraft weist maximal den Betrag auf, welche als statische oder dynamische Zugkraft in entgegengesetzter Richtung wirkend an der mindestens einen Auflagefläche an der Unterseite des Flansches anliegt, wenn die Last an der Haltevorrichtung hängt oder hängend schwingt, wobei die Last im Wesentlichen frei hängt.The maximum force that can be applied by the respective hold-down device is the amount that acts as a static or dynamic tensile force in the opposite direction on the at least one bearing surface on the underside of the flange when the load is hanging on the holding device or is swinging while hanging, with the load in the essentially hangs freely.

Es kann ferner vorgesehen werden, dass ein von dem Transportvorgang unabhängiger Formschluss zwischen Haltevorrichtung und Flansch herstellbar ist, wobei im Rahmen der Erfindung durch den jeweiligen Niederhalter die Oberseite des Flansches mit einer vom Transportvorgang unabhängigen Kraft beaufschlagbar ist.Provision can also be made for a form fit to be produced between the holding device and the flange that is independent of the transport process, wherein, within the scope of the invention, the upper side of the flange can be subjected to a force independent of the transport process by the respective hold-down device.

Es kann des Weiteren ergänzend vorgesehen sein, die vorgenannten Varianten jeweils einzeln oder in Kombination anzuwenden, so auch gemischt an einer Haltevorrichtung. So kann es beispielsweise vorteilhaft sein, dass an einer, bei waagerechter Lage der Last, der Erdoberfläche zugewandten Auflagefläche durch den Niederhalter ein von dem Transportvorgang unabhängiger Formschluss zwischen Haltevorrichtung und Flansch herstellbar ist, was vorteilhaft bei einem Aufrichten der Last in eine senkrechte Lage sein kann. Zusätzlich ist sodann - wie an weiteren Auflageflächen ausschließlich vorgesehen - durch den dazu korrespondierenden Niederhalter die Oberseite des Flansches mit einer vom Transportvorgang unabhängigen Kraft beaufschlagbar.In addition, it can also be provided that the above-mentioned variants are used individually or in combination, including mixed ones on a holding device. It can be advantageous, for example, for the hold-down device to be able to create a form fit between the holding device and the flange that is independent of the transport process on a contact surface that faces the ground when the load is in a horizontal position, which can be advantageous when the load is raised into a vertical position . In addition, the upper side of the flange can then be subjected to a force that is independent of the transport process, as is exclusively provided for other bearing surfaces, by the corresponding hold-down device.

Eine vom Transportvorgang unabhängige Kraft ist dabei nicht eine solche, die, wie beispielsweise aus der EP 2 661 408 B1 folgend, durch die Lage und das Eigengewicht der Last erzeugt wird, so wie bei einem Hängen der Last am Haken und die somit vertikal wirkenden Zugkräfte.A force that is independent of the transport process is not one that, for example from the EP 2 661 408 B1 following, is generated by the position and the dead weight of the load, such as when the load is suspended from the hook and the tensile forces thus acting vertically.

Unter Last im Sinne der Erfindung sind im Wesentlichen solche Lasten zu verstehen, die beispielsweise als Gründungspfähle oder konstruktive Elemente einer Windkraftanlage dienen. Es kommen aber auch andere Lasten mit einem hohen Gewicht in Betracht, das in der Regel mehr als 1 Tonne beträgt.Within the meaning of the invention, loads are essentially loads that are used, for example, as foundation piles or structural elements of a wind turbine. However, other loads with a high weight, which is usually more than 1 ton, also come into consideration.

Der jeweilige Niederhalter - mindestens ein Niederhalter je Auflagefläche - wird dabei unabhängig vom Hebevorgang so weit an die Oberseite des Flansches und/oder an den sich an den Flansch anschließenden Mantelbereich geführt, bis er am Flansch oder an dem den Flansch sich anschließenden Mantelbereich anliegt und auf diesen einwirkt. Die Folge ist, dass der Flansch sich nicht oder vermindert aufbiegt, wenn Kraft auf die Oberseite des Flansches wirkt, also, wenn die Last hängt oder sogar wenn die Last aus einer horizontalen in eine waagerechte Position gebracht wird. Eine Kraftbeaufschlagung des Mantelbereichs, insbesondere des äußeren Mantelbereichs, ist beim Anheben aus der horizontalen Liegeposition in eine waagerechte Position von besonderem Vorteil, weil sich so die Haltevorrichtung noch besser arretieren lässt und so auch ein Einwirken entgegen der auf die Mantelfläche wirkenden Zugkräfte möglich ist.The respective hold-down device - at least one hold-down device per support surface - is guided to the top of the flange and/or to the jacket area adjoining the flange, independently of the lifting process, until it rests against the flange or on the jacket area adjoining the flange and opens affects this. The result is that the flange does not bend or bends to a lesser extent, when force is applied to the top of the flange, i.e. when the load is hanging or even when the load is brought from a horizontal to a horizontal position. Applying force to the jacket area, in particular the outer jacket area, is of particular advantage when lifting from the horizontal lying position to a horizontal position, because the holding device can then be locked even better and it is also possible to counteract the tensile forces acting on the jacket surface.

Ferner besteht die Möglichkeit, dass die durch den jeweiligen Niederhalter beaufschlagbare notwendige Kraft mittels einer geeigneten Messvorrichtung ermittelbar ist und sodann die durch die Niederhalter beaufschlagbare Kraft dem Betrag angepasst ist, welcher als dynamische Zugkraft in entgegengesetzter Richtung wirkend an der mindestens einen Auflagefläche an der Unterseite des Flansches anliegt, wenn die Last an der Haltevorrichtung hängend schwingt.There is also the possibility that the necessary force that can be acted upon by the respective hold-down device can be determined using a suitable measuring device and then the force that can be acted upon by the hold-down device is adapted to the amount that acts as a dynamic tensile force in the opposite direction on the at least one bearing surface on the underside of the Flange is applied when the load swings while hanging on the holding device.

Insbesondere ist durch die Messvorrichtung ein Schwingen der Last ermittelbar. Ist die Messvorrichtung mit einer Steuerung des jeweiligen Niederhalters gekoppelt, ist dadurch die durch den jeweiligen Niederhalter ausübbare Kraft an die dynamische Zugkraft der Last anpassbar.In particular, an oscillation of the load can be determined by the measuring device. If the measuring device is coupled to a controller for the respective hold-down device, the force that can be exerted by the respective hold-down device can be adapted to the dynamic tensile force of the load.

Der jeweilige Niederhalter ist derart an der Haltevorrichtung angeordnet, dass ein definierter Abstand zwischen einer Auflage des Flansches auf der Auflagefläche der Haltevorrichtung und einer Wirkfläche der oberhalb des Flansches durch den jeweiligen Niederhalter beaufschlagbaren Kraft besteht. Dabei ist der definierte Abstand vorzugsweise so bestimmt, dass er zur Erzeugung eines Hebels zugunsten der durch den jeweiligen Niederhalter zu beaufschlagenden Kraft führt. Zur Verhinderung des Aufbiegens des Flansches ist aufgrund des durch den definierten Abstand geschaffenen Hebels eine geringe Kraftbeaufschlagung der Oberseite des Flansches der Last notwendig.The respective hold-down device is arranged on the holding device in such a way that there is a defined distance between where the flange rests on the bearing surface of the holding device and an effective surface of the force that can be acted upon above the flange by the respective hold-down device. The defined distance is preferably determined in such a way that it leads to the generation of a lever in favor of the force to be applied by the respective hold-down device. To prevent the flange from bending open is due to the created by the defined distance Lever requires a small amount of force to be applied to the top of the load flange.

Dabei sind der jeweilige Niederhalter radial und/oder die Auflageflächen der Haltevorrichtung verschiebbar.The respective hold-down device can be moved radially and/or the bearing surfaces of the holding device can be moved.

Der jeweilige Niederhalter ist auf der Haltevorrichtung vorzugsweise derart verschiebbar, dass sein Abstand von der Auflagefläche und damit gleichsam von einem äußeren Mantelbereich, so der Außenseite einer Wand der Last, in Richtung zu einer Innenkante des Flansches veränderbar ist und zwar je nach Bedarf. Dadurch ist ein Hebelverhältnis, dass durch einen Abstand x, welcher sich von einer Mittellinie des Niederhalters und einer Mittellinie der Auflagefläche erstreckt, und einem Abstand y, welcher sich von der Mittellinie der Auflagefläche und einer Mittellinie der Wand der Last erstreckt, veränderbar.The respective hold-down device is preferably displaceable on the holding device in such a way that its distance from the contact surface and thus from an outer jacket area, i.e. the outside of a wall of the load, can be changed in the direction of an inner edge of the flange, as required. As a result, a lever ratio can be changed by a distance x, which extends from a center line of the hold-down device and a center line of the bearing surface, and a distance y, which extends from the center line of the bearing surface and a center line of the wall of the load.

Die gedachten Mittellinien bilden den Mittelpunkt beziehungsweise das Zentrum der durch die Vorrichtung gebildeten hebelwirkenden Kräfte und dienen der einfacheren Veranschaulichung der Wirkungsweise der Vorrichtung und des Verfahrens.The imaginary center lines form the midpoint or the center of the lever-acting forces formed by the device and serve to illustrate the mode of operation of the device and the method more easily.

So kann bei einer unterschiedlichen Wanddicke oder Form der Last das Hebelverhältnis angepasst werden. Ferner dient dies zur verbesserten Anordnung der Haltevorrichtung an der Last.In this way, the lever ratio can be adjusted if the wall thickness or shape of the load differs. Furthermore, this serves to improve the arrangement of the holding device on the load.

Vergrößert sich nämlich der Abstand y, beispielsweise bei unterschiedlichen Mantelwanddicken der Last, so ist gleichsam der Abstand x zu vergrößern, um ein gewähltes Hebelverhältnis beizubehalten und nicht eine Kraftbeaufschlagung des Niederhalters erhöhen zu müssen. Ferner kann auch das Hebelverhältnis so geändert werden, dass der Abstand y um einen vordefinierten Wert größer ist, als der Abstand x, sodass die mittels des Niederhalters zu beaufschlagende Kraft geringer wird, um ein Aufbiegen des Flansches zu verhindern. Die Haltevorrichtung ist so auch variabler einsetzbar.If the distance y increases, for example with different jacket wall thicknesses of the load, then the distance x must be increased, so to speak, in order to maintain a selected lever ratio and not having to increase the application of force to the hold-down device. Furthermore, the leverage ratio can also be changed in such a way that that the distance y is greater by a predefined value than the distance x, so that the force to be applied by means of the hold-down device is reduced in order to prevent the flange from bending up. The holding device can also be used more variably.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist der jeweilige Niederhalter einen Stempel mit einer Stempelfläche auf. Der Stempel ist auf der Oberseite des Flansches und/oder an dem sich dem Flansch anschließenden Mantelbereich der Last mit einer Kraft beaufschlagbar. Die Stempelfläche ist auf der Oberseite des Flansches und/oder an dem sich dem Flansch anschließenden Mantelbereich anordenbar und kann somit in Abhängigkeit der Ausgestaltung des Flansches, so seiner Form, ausgeführt und angepasst werden. Im Rahmen einer möglichen Ausgestaltung kann der Stempel des jeweiligen Niederhalters gleichsam teilweise die Oberseite des Flansches und teilweise den sich an den Flansch anschließenden äußeren Mantelbereich abdecken, was bei einem Transport der Last von einer horizontalen in eine vertikale Position von Vorteil sein kann.In a further embodiment of the invention, the respective hold-down device has a stamp with a stamping surface. A force can be applied to the plunger on the upper side of the flange and/or on the jacket area of the load adjoining the flange. The stamping surface can be arranged on the upper side of the flange and/or on the jacket area adjoining the flange and can thus be designed and adapted depending on the configuration of the flange, i.e. its shape. In one possible embodiment, the ram of the respective hold-down device can partly cover the upper side of the flange and partly the outer casing area adjoining the flange, which can be advantageous when transporting the load from a horizontal to a vertical position.

Des Weiteren kann vorgesehen werden, dass der Flansch durch den jeweiligen mindestens einen Niederhalter formschlüssig umschließbar ist und dabei die Auflagefläche der Haltevorrichtung die Unterseite des Flansches formschlüssig aufnehmen kann. Durch einen Formschluss wird eine wesentlich größere Fläche geschaffen, an welcher die sonst nur am Flansch wirkenden Kräfte anliegen.Furthermore, it can be provided that the flange can be surrounded in a form-fitting manner by the respective at least one hold-down device and the bearing surface of the holding device can receive the underside of the flange in a form-fitting manner. A form fit creates a significantly larger surface on which the forces that otherwise only act on the flange are applied.

In weiterer Ausbildung kann dabei der jeweilige Niederhalter die Oberseite des Flansches und einen sich an den Flansch anschließenden äußeren Mantelbereich der Last flächenhaft umschließen, wenn dieser in Funktion ist. Die Auflagefläche der Halterung kann dabei an der Unterseite des Flansches und einen an den Flansch sich anschließenden inneren Mantelbereich der Last flächenhaft anliegen.In a further development, the respective hold-down device can enclose the upper side of the flange and an outer casing area of the load adjoining the flange over a large area when it is in operation. The support surface the holder can lie flat on the underside of the flange and on an inner jacket area of the load adjoining the flange.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird eine Befestigungsanordnung bestehend aus einer vorbeschriebenen Haltevorrichtung für Lasten mit einem Flansch und einer Last mit einem Flansch beansprucht.In a further embodiment of the invention, a fastening arrangement consisting of an above-described holding device for loads with a flange and a load with a flange is claimed.

Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, dass eine Oberseite des Flansches oder ein an den Flansch sich anschließenden Mantelbereich mit einer von einem Transportvorgang, so beispielsweise einem Heben, unabhängigen Kraft beaufschlagt ist oder ein von einem Transportvorgang, so einem Heben, unabhängiger Formschluss zwischen Haltevorrichtung und Flansch hergestellt ist, wobei im Rahmen der technischen Lehre auch eine Kombination der drei Alternativen gelegen ist.Provision can be made for an upper side of the flange or a jacket area adjoining the flange to be subjected to a force independent of a transport process, such as lifting, or for a form fit to be produced between the holding device and flange that is independent of a transport process, such as lifting is, within the framework of the technical teaching, a combination of the three alternatives is also appropriate.

Unter Heben ist eine Lageveränderung von einer waage- in eine senkrechte Lage zu verstehen, wie auch ein Transport in senkrechter Lage. Gleichsam sind auch alle anderen Transportlagen mit umfasst.Lifting means a change in position from a horizontal to a vertical position, as well as transport in a vertical position. All other transport positions are also included.

Gerade durch die Unabhängigkeit der Kraftbeaufschlagung des Flansches von einem Transportvorgang, so einem Heben, hebt sich die Befestigungsanordnung nachhaltig von den bekannten Vorrichtungen ab, welche nur dann Wirkung entfalten, wenn die Last senkrecht hängt.Precisely because the force applied to the flange is independent of a transport process, such as lifting, the fastening arrangement stands out in the long term from the known devices, which only have an effect when the load is hanging vertically.

Im Rahmen des Verfahrens kann weiterhin vorgesehen sein, dass die durch den mindestens einen Niederhalter beaufschlagte Kraft den Betrag annimmt, welcher als Zugkraft in entgegengesetzter Richtung wirkend an der mindestens einen Auflagefläche an der Unterseite des Flansches anliegt, wenn die Last an der Haltevorrichtung frei hängt.As part of the method, it can also be provided that the force applied by the at least one hold-down device assumes the amount which, acting as a tensile force in the opposite direction, is applied to the at least one bearing surface on the underside of the flange when the load is hanging freely on the holding device.

Gleichsam kann vorgesehen sein, dass sich die durch den mindestens einen Niederhalter beaufschlagte Kraft dem Betrag anpasst, welcher als dynamische Zugkraft in entgegengesetzter Richtung wirkend an der mindestens einen Auflagefläche an der Unterseite des Flansches anliegt, wenn die Last an der Haltevorrichtung hängend schwingt.Provision can also be made for the force applied by the at least one hold-down device to be adapted to the amount which, acting as a dynamic tensile force in the opposite direction, is applied to the at least one bearing surface on the underside of the flange when the load swings while hanging on the holding device.

Dies gewährt eine Anpassung der mittels des Niederhalters wirkenden Kräfte je nach Beanspruchung und vermindert somit die Gefahr einer Beschädigung des Flansches durch Aufbiegen.This allows the forces acting by means of the hold-down device to be adjusted depending on the stress and thus reduces the risk of the flange being damaged by bending open.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung wird eine Haltevorrichtung bereitgestellt, bei der die Gefahr eines Aufbiegens eines Flansches einer zu transportierenden Last in Bezug auf den Stand der Technik weitergehend vermindert beziehungsweise optimiert wird. In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist zudem eine Anpassung an unterschiedliche Lasten möglich, so an unterschiedliche Wanddicken von Rohren, indem der Niederhalter verschiebbar ist. Daneben besteht ein verbesserter Schutz des Flansches bei einem Aufrichten der Last aus einer horizontalen in die senkrechte Lage.The solution according to the invention provides a holding device in which the risk of a flange of a load to be transported bending open is further reduced or optimized in relation to the prior art. In a preferred embodiment, it is also possible to adapt to different loads, such as different wall thicknesses of pipes, by the hold-down device being displaceable. In addition, there is improved protection of the flange when the load is raised from a horizontal to a vertical position.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren weiter erläutert. Dabei ergeben sich weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung.The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the figures. This results in further advantages, features and refinements of the invention.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Haltevorrichtung mit drei Auflageflächen in Schrägperspektive mit angeordneter Last,
  • Fig. 2 eine erfindungsgemäße Haltevorrichtung mit drei Auflageflächen in Draufsicht mit angeordneter Last,
  • Fig. 3 eine Teildarstellung einer Haltevorrichtung mit angeordneter Last.
Show it:
  • 1 a holding device according to the invention with three bearing surfaces in an oblique perspective with the load arranged,
  • 2 a holding device according to the invention with three bearing surfaces in plan view with the load arranged,
  • 3 a partial representation of a holding device with arranged load.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist eine Haltevorrichtung 1 für eine röhrenförmige, lang gestreckte Last 2, so großformatige Rohre für den Einsatz als Gründungspfähle bei Offshore-Windkraftanlagen beschrieben, die einen an einem Ende angeordneten umlaufenden Flansch besitzen. Die Haltevorrichtung 1 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel dreiarmig in bekannter Weise aufgebaut und ist an ein kranartiges Hebezeug gleichsam in bekannter Weise über biegesteife oder biegeschlaffe Lastmittel anordenbar und weist im Ausführungsbeispiel drei, an einer Unterseite 4 des Flansches 3, rohrinnenseitig, in einem gleichen Winkel zueinander den Flansch 3 umlaufend und somit an die Last anordenbare und arretierbare Krallen 11 mit Auflageflächen 6 auf, wobei die Krallen 11 an freien Enden der drei Arme verschiebbar angeordnet sind. Dies ist im Ausführungsbeispiel jedoch nur schematisch dargestellt.The exemplary embodiment describes a holding device 1 for a tubular, elongated load 2 , such as large-sized tubes for use as foundation piles in offshore wind turbines, which have a peripheral flange arranged at one end. In the exemplary embodiment, the holding device 1 has three arms in a known manner and can be arranged on a crane-like hoist in a known manner using rigid or flexible load means, and in the exemplary embodiment has three flanges on an underside 4 of the flange 3 , on the inside of the pipe, at the same angle to one another 3 encircling and thus can be arranged and locked on the load claws 11 with contact surfaces 6 , wherein the claws 11 are slidably disposed at the free ends of the three arms. However, this is only shown schematically in the exemplary embodiment.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel liegen die jeweiligen Auflageflächen 6 der Haltevorrichtung 1 an der Unterseite 4 des Flansches 3 im Bereich der Wandung der Last 2 an. Auf den Auflageflächen 6 liegt der Flansch 3 auf. Oberhalb des Flansches 3 sind an der Haltevorrichtung 1 an jeder Kralle 11 zwei Niederhalter 7, korrespondierend je Auflagefläche 6, vorgesehen. Der jeweilige Niederhalter 7 ist in einem definierten Abstand zur jeweiligen Auflagefläche 6 in Richtung einer Innenkante 12 des Flansches 3 angeordnet. Durch den jeweiligen Niederhalter 7 ist die Oberseite 5 des Flansches 3 mit einer von einem Transportvorgang unabhängigen Kraft beaufschlagbar, Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 . Die Kraftbeaufschlagung wird durch einen Aktuator, im Ausführungsbeispiel eine Hydrauliksteuerung, sichergestellt. Die jeweiligen Niederhalter 7 weisen einen Stempel 8 mit einer Stempelfläche 9 auf. Der Stempel 8 kann auf der Oberseite 5 des Flansches 3 der Last 2 mit einer Kraft beaufschlagt werden, wenn die Last 2 transportiert wird. Der jeweilige Niederhalter 7 ist auf der Haltevorrichtung 1, im Ausführungsbeispiel auf der Kralle 11 radial verschiebbar, sodass sein Abstand von der Auflagefläche 6 und damit gleichsam von dem äußeren Mantelbereich 10, so der Außenseite der Wand der Last 2, in Richtung der Innenkante 12 des Flansches 3 veränderbar ist, je nach Bedarf, wie aus der Fig. 3 hervorgeht. Dadurch ist ein Hebelverhältnis, dass durch einen Abstand x, welcher sich von einer Mittellinie des Niederhalters 7 und einer Mittellinie der Auflagefläche 6 erstreckt, und einem Abstand y, welcher sich von der Mittellinie der Auflagefläche 6 und einer Mittellinie der Wand der Last 2 erstreckt, veränderbar. Dadurch kann bei der Anordnung der Haltevorrichtung 1 an die Last 2 bereits eine Anpassung der mittels des Niederhalters 7 zu beaufschlagende Kraft vorgenommen werden.In the exemplary embodiment, the respective bearing surfaces 6 of the holding device 1 rest on the underside 4 of the flange 3 in the area of the wall of the load 2 . The flange 3 rests on the bearing surfaces 6 . Above the flange 3 , two hold-down devices 7 are provided on each claw 11 of the holding device 1 , corresponding to each bearing surface 6 . The respective hold-down device 7 is arranged at a defined distance from the respective bearing surface 6 in the direction of an inner edge 12 of the flange 3 . Due to the respective hold-down device 7, the upper side 5 of the flange 3 is connected to a transport process independent force can be applied, 1 and 2 . The application of force is ensured by an actuator, a hydraulic control in the exemplary embodiment. The respective hold-down devices 7 have a punch 8 with a punch surface 9 . The plunger 8 can be subjected to a force on the upper side 5 of the flange 3 of the load 2 when the load 2 is being transported. The respective hold-down device 7 can be moved radially on the holding device 1, in the exemplary embodiment on the claw 11 , so that its distance from the bearing surface 6 and thus, so to speak, from the outer jacket region 10, i.e. the outside of the wall of the load 2, in the direction of the inner edge 12 of the Flange 3 is variable, as needed, as from the 3 emerges. As a result, a lever ratio is defined by a distance x, which extends from a center line of the hold-down device 7 and a center line of the bearing surface 6 , and a distance y, which extends from the center line of the bearing surface 6 and a center line of the wall of the load 2 . changeable. As a result, the force to be applied by means of the hold-down device 7 can already be adjusted when the holding device 1 is arranged on the load 2 .

Ferner kann des Weiteren nach Anordnung der Haltevorrichtung 1 die mittels des Niederhalters 7 einwirkbare Kraft an die Umgebungsbedingungen, so ein Schwingen oder an die Last 2 angepasst werden. Die so bereitgestellte Vorrichtung weist die bereits erwähnten vorteilhaften Merkmale gegenüber dem Stand der Technik auf und gewährt nicht zuletzt eine größere Sicherheit vor Deformationen des Flansches.Furthermore, after the arrangement of the holding device 1 , the force that can be applied by means of the hold-down device 7 can be adapted to the ambient conditions, such as vibration or to the load 2 . The device provided in this way has the already mentioned advantageous features compared to the prior art and, last but not least, provides greater security against deformation of the flange.

Bezugszeichenliste:Reference list:

1.1.
Haltevorrichtungholding device
2.2.
Lastload
3.3.
Flanschflange
4.4.
Unterseite des Flanschesunderside of the flange
5.5.
Oberseite des Flanschestop of the flange
6.6.
Auflageflächebearing surface
7.7.
Niederhalterhold-down
8.8th.
StempelRubber stamp
9.9.
Stempelflächestamp face
10.10
äußerer Mantelbereichouter mantle area
11.11.
Krallenclaws
12.12.
Innenkante des Flanschesinner edge of the flange

Claims (9)

  1. A holding device (1) for a load (2) with a flange (3) arranged at at least one end, wherein the holding device (1) can be arranged at a crane-like hoist and has at least two resting surfaces (6) arrangeable and stoppable at a lower side (4) of the flange (3) and encircling the flange (3) at equal angles to one another, wherein at least one hold-down means (7) corresponding to each resting surface (6) is provided at the holding device (1) and, by the respective hold-down means (7), a force independent of a transportation process can be applied to an upper side (5) of the flange (3) and/or a casing region contiguous with the flange (3), and characterized in that the force that can be applied by the respective hold-down means (7) can be provided by means of an actuator and in that the force that can be applied by the respective hold-down means (7) has at most the amount which is applied to the at least one resting surface (6) at the lower side (4) of the flange (3) as a dynamic or static tensile force in the opposite direction when the load (2) hangs or swings while suspended from the holding device (1).
  2. The holding device (1) according to Claim 1, wherein the respective hold-down means (7) is arranged at the holding device (1) such that a defined distance exists between a resting area of the flange (3) on the resting surface (6) of the holding device (1) and an active area of the force that can be applied above the flange (3) by the respective hold-down means (7).
  3. The holding device (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the respective hold-down means (7) is radially displaceable and/or the resting surfaces (6) of the holding device (1) are displaceable.
  4. The holding device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the respective hold-down means (7) is displaceable on the holding device (1) such that its distance from the resting surface (6) can be varied in the direction toward an inner edge (12) of the flange (3).
  5. The holding device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the respective hold-down means (7) has a stamp (8) with a stamping surface (9) and a force can be applied to the stamp (8) on the upper side of the flange (3) and/or at the casing region of the load (2) contiguous with the flange and the stamping surface (9) can be arranged at the upper side of the flange (3) and/or at the casing region contiguous with the flange (3).
  6. The holding device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the flange (3) can be enclosed by the respective hold-down means (7) in a form-fitting manner, and the resting surface (6) of the holding device (1) can receive the lower side (4) of the flange (3) in a form-fitting manner.
  7. The holding device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the respective hold-down means (7) can enclose an upper side (5) of the flange (3) and an outer casing region (10) of the load (2) adjoining the flange (3) in a planar manner, and the resting surface (6) of the holding device can lie flat against the lower side (4) of the flange (3) and an inner casing region of the load (2) contiguous with the flange (3).
  8. The holding device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the holding device (1) has a measuring device by means of which swinging of the load (2) can be determined, the measuring device is coupled with a controller of the hold-down means (7), and the force that can be applied by the respective hold-down means (7) can thereby be adapted to the dynamic tensile force of the load (2).
  9. An attachment arrangement of a holding device (1) for loads (2) with a flange (3) according to any one of the preceding claims with a load (2) with a flange (3).
EP17001180.3A 2016-07-08 2017-07-07 Load holding device Active EP3269676B1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
DE102016008261A1 (en) 2018-01-11
ES2949048T3 (en) 2023-09-25
EP3269676A1 (en) 2018-01-17
DK3269676T3 (en) 2023-07-31

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