EP3268588A1 - Camshaft having a decompression device - Google Patents

Camshaft having a decompression device

Info

Publication number
EP3268588A1
EP3268588A1 EP16701542.9A EP16701542A EP3268588A1 EP 3268588 A1 EP3268588 A1 EP 3268588A1 EP 16701542 A EP16701542 A EP 16701542A EP 3268588 A1 EP3268588 A1 EP 3268588A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
camshaft
cavity
centrifugal weight
valve
internal combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16701542.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3268588B1 (en
Inventor
Roland Eckinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Publication of EP3268588A1 publication Critical patent/EP3268588A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3268588B1 publication Critical patent/EP3268588B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/08—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for decompression, e.g. during starting; for changing compression ratio
    • F01L13/085—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for decompression, e.g. during starting; for changing compression ratio the valve-gear having an auxiliary cam protruding from the main cam profile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/08—Shape of cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2810/00—Arrangements solving specific problems in relation with valve gears
    • F01L2810/02—Lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2810/00—Arrangements solving specific problems in relation with valve gears
    • F01L2810/04—Reducing noise

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a camshaft having a decompression device with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the decompression lever actuates a so-called separate decompression valve in the cylinder head, especially in single-cylinder two-stroke internal combustion engines, or opens one or more exhaust valves in four-stroke internal combustion engines in order to reduce the internal cylinder pressure for easier starting. In this case, it is also referred to as valve lifter lever.
  • the decompression valve allows a part of the gas to escape from the cylinder when starting the internal combustion engine. As a result, the force required to start the engine to spin the engine is significantly reduced.
  • Decompression devices of this kind are primarily used on single-cylinder internal combustion engines of older motor vehicles, in particular of motorcycles, mopeds, occasionally also in small automobiles or tractors with diesel single-cylinder internal combustion engines.
  • German patent application DE 42 21 394 A1 an automatic decompression device for internal combustion engines known. It is a decompression device with a, with the camshaft of the engine rotating flyweight, which in the area pivoted at standstill and low camshaft speeds in the region of the cam contact surface of a valve stem voratdes in this valve in the valve opening direction displacing ram lifting element, which by rising at Speeds swinging centrifugal weight is guided in a Asked from the engagement with the cam contact surface of the plunger position.
  • DE 196 36 811 A1 discloses a decompression automatic system for an internal combustion engine, in particular a single-cylinder diesel engine, with at least one exhaust and one intake valve as known, which are actuated by a camshaft having at least one cam, wherein for reduction the Antaxwiderstands when starting the internal combustion engine, the exhaust valve is released.
  • the automatic decompression device has a fully automatic lifting device engaging in the cams of the exhaust valve, which causes the exhaust valve to lift off the valve seat.
  • a disadvantage of all these known decompression devices is that the decompression function can generate stochastic clickers, which adversely affects the noise emission of the internal combustion engine. This clicker is caused by an unstable flyweight of the decompression device.
  • the object of the present invention is to identify a measure which prevents or at least reduces the acoustically conspicuous clicking of the decompression device.
  • a sliding element installed in the camshaft is supplied with lubricant from the lubrication circuit. As soon as the internal combustion engine starts, this sliding-moving element is displaced radially outward by centrifugal force. At the same time, the sliding-moving element is supported by lubricant pressure and remains in the desired position and pushes the flyweight to the outside. The centrifugal weight is held stable in the deflection position and according to the invention can no longer cause the clicker. Thus, the Vogelern is prevented by the inventive design of the decompression function and there is no unpleasant noise of the internal combustion engine.
  • the measure according to claim 3 serves for the general stabilization of the decompression device.
  • the camshaft according to the invention is installed according to claim 7 in an internal combustion engine.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a camshaft according to the invention shown in three dimensions.
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of the camshaft according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section A-A from FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a camshaft 1 according to the invention, shown in three dimensions, with a decompression device for an internal combustion engine.
  • the camshaft has two cams 3, each with a base circle 2. As long as the base circle 2 is in operative connection with a gas exchange valve, not shown, the gas exchange valve is closed.
  • Each cam 3 is directly or indirectly via a valve cup, not shown, or a toggle or rocker arm with a gas exchange valve in operative connection, by rotation of the camshaft 1 and thus also the cam 3, the gas exchange valves can be actuated.
  • a valve lifter 4 is rotatably mounted, which is arranged with a coaxial with the camshaft 1, rotatably mounted flyweight 5 in operative connection that the valve lifter 4 from a certain speed of the camshaft 1 of the flyweight. 5 is rotated such that the valve lifter 4 is a contour of the base circle 2. This means that from a certain speed of the camshaft 1, the valve lifter 4 is virtually ineffective, and the gas exchange valve remains closed normally.
  • the camshaft 1 according to the invention with the decompression device is characterized in that the camshaft 1 in the region of the centrifugal weight 5 has a cavity 6 (FIGS. 2 and 3) which can be acted upon by lubricant pressure, and in the camshaft 1 a radial first bore 7 from the cavity 6 is arranged in the region of the centrifugal weight 5, wherein in the first bore 7 a sliding of the lubricant pressure sliding element 8 is arranged.
  • the cams 3 each have a recess 12 for weight saving.
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of the camshaft 1 according to the invention with the decompression device.
  • FIG. 2 shows the camshaft 1 with a view of the base circle side of the cams 3. Visible are in turn the recesses 12 of the cam 3.
  • a bearing portion 9 is arranged, in which a third bore 15 is arranged, which is connected to the cavity 6.
  • the camshaft 1 is rotated and the cavity 6 is acted upon by the third bore 15 with lubricant, whereby in the cavity 6, an overpressure is formed, which presses the sliding movable element 8 in the first bore 7 radially outward.
  • the cavity 6 can be represented for example by an axial bore through the camshaft 1, which is closed on both sides at the ends of the camshaft 1. This can be represented for example by a closure cover or by a screwed into the bore screw at the camshaft end.
  • the closure of the cavity 6 thus allows the build-up of the lubricant pressure in the cavity 6, to keep the slide-moving element 8 in the desired radially outer deflection position.
  • FIG. 3 shows the section A-A from FIG. 2 through the sliding-movable element 8 and the decompression device.
  • the cavity 6 can be seen, in which the sliding movable element 8 protrudes in the first bore 7.
  • the flyweight 5 is rotatably mounted on a rotation axis 14.
  • a direction of rotation of the centrifugal weight 5 upon rotation of the camshaft 1 from a defined speed is shown schematically by an arrow, as well as an associated rotation of the valve lifter 4.
  • the sliding movable element 8 abuts on a stop 11 of the centrifugal weight 5.
  • the spring element 10 presses on a pressure element 13 at a standstill of the camshaft 1, the centrifugal weight 5 about the axis of rotation 14 with the stop 1 1 on the sliding element 8 on the side facing away from the spring element 10, the flyweight 5 with the valve lifter 4 in operative connection.
  • the valve lifter 4 In the position shown in FIG. 3, ie when the internal combustion engine is at a standstill, the valve lifter 4 is located in the region of the base circle 2 of the engine. 3 formed such that it protrudes about 0.1 to 1, 0 mm above the base circle 2 for a decompression of the cylinder.
  • centrifugal weight 5 rotates radially outward, with a support of the lubricating pressure, which also pushes the sliding-moving element 8 radially outward.
  • the centrifugal weight 5 rotates clockwise according to the arrow and rotates the valve lifter 4 such that it assumes the same contour in the base circle 2 as the base circle 2 itself. A decompression is thus safely avoided from a defined speed.
  • the element 8 is preferably displaceable against the spring force of the spring element 10 by the lubricant in the direction of the flyweight 5. Furthermore, the flyweight 5 preferably has a stop 1 1 for the sliding-moving element 8. In a further preferred embodiment, the element 8 is a needle roller. Particularly preferably, the camshaft 1 with a decompression device is used as an exhaust camshaft of a valve train of an internal combustion engine.
  • the built in the camshaft 1 sliding movable element 8 is supplied with lubricant from the lubricant circuit.
  • the sliding-moving element 8 preferably a needle roller
  • the sliding-moving element 8 is displaced radially outwardly through the lubricant pressure building up in the cavity 6.
  • the sliding-moving element 8 is displaced outward by centrifugal force.
  • the sliding-moving element 8 is supported by lubricant pressure in the cavity 6 and remains in the desired radially outer position.
  • the flyweight 5 is held stable in the deflection position and can no longer cause the acoustic conspicuousness. This means with in accordance with the invention no clicking the Dekompressionsvorrich- device and thus no unpleasant noise of the internal combustion engine.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a camshaft (1) having a decompression device for an internal combustion engine, wherein a valve lifter (4) is rotatably supported in a base circle (2) of a cam (3), which can be brought into operative connection with a gas exchange valve by means of rotation, which valve lifter is operatively connected to a centrifugal weight (5), which is arranged coaxially to the camshaft and which is rotatably supported, in such a way that the valve lifter (4) forms a contour of the base circle in the region of action with the gas exchange valve from a certain rotational speed of the camshaft (1), wherein the camshaft has a cavity (6) in the region of the centrifugal weight (5), to which cavity lubricant pressure can be applied, and a radial first bore (7) from the cavity to the centrifugal weight is arranged in the camshaft (1), wherein a slidable element (8) that can be displaced by the lubricant pressure is arranged in the first bore. By means of the design of the camshaft according to the invention, an unstable centrifugal weight is stabilized and thus the acoustics are improved.

Description

Beschreibung  description
Nockenwelle mit einer Dekompressionsvorrichtung Camshaft with a decompression device
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Nockenwelle mit einer Dekompressionsvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen aus dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. The invention relates to a camshaft having a decompression device with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.
Der Vorgänger der Nockenwelle mit einer Dekompressionsvorrichtung war früher der Dekompressionshebel. Der Dekompressionshebel betätigt insbesondere bei Einzylinder-Zweitaktbrennkraftmaschinen ein sogenanntes separates Dekompressionsventil im Zylinderkopf oder öffnet bei Viertaktbrenn- kraftmaschinen ein oder mehrere Auslassventile um den Zylinderinnendruck für ein leichteres Starten zu reduzieren. In diesem Fall wird er auch als Ventilausheber-Hebel bezeichnet. Das Dekompressionsventil lässt beim Starten der Brennkraftmaschine einen Teil des Gases aus dem Zylinder entweichen. Dadurch wird die beim Start benötigte Kraft zum Durchdrehen der Brennkraftmaschine deutlich reduziert. Derartige Dekompressionseinrichtungen finden vor allem an Einzylinder-Brennkraftmaschinen älterer Kraftfahrzeuge Verwendung, insbesondere von Motorrädern, Mopeds, vereinzelt auch in kleinen Automobilen oder Traktoren mit Diesel-Einzylinder- Brennkraftmaschinen. The predecessor of the camshaft with a decompression device used to be the decompression lever. The decompression lever actuates a so-called separate decompression valve in the cylinder head, especially in single-cylinder two-stroke internal combustion engines, or opens one or more exhaust valves in four-stroke internal combustion engines in order to reduce the internal cylinder pressure for easier starting. In this case, it is also referred to as valve lifter lever. The decompression valve allows a part of the gas to escape from the cylinder when starting the internal combustion engine. As a result, the force required to start the engine to spin the engine is significantly reduced. Decompression devices of this kind are primarily used on single-cylinder internal combustion engines of older motor vehicles, in particular of motorcycles, mopeds, occasionally also in small automobiles or tractors with diesel single-cylinder internal combustion engines.
So ist beispielsweise aus der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE 42 21 394 A1 eine automatische Dekompressionsvorrichtung für Brennkraftmaschinen bekannt. Es handelt sich um eine Dekompressionsvorrichtung mit einem, mit der Nockenwelle der Brennkraftmaschine umlaufenden Fliehgewicht, welches in der bei Stillstand und niedrigen Nockenwellendrehzahlen zurückgeschwenkten Stellung in dem Bereich der Nockenanlauffläche eines Ventilstößels vortretendes in diesen in Ventilöffnungsrichtung verschiebendes Stößel-Aushebeelement aufweist, welches durch das bei ansteigenden Drehzahlen ausschwingende Fliehgewicht in eine aus dem Eingriff mit der Nockenanlauffläche des Stößels gestellte Lage geführt wird. For example, from German patent application DE 42 21 394 A1 an automatic decompression device for internal combustion engines known. It is a decompression device with a, with the camshaft of the engine rotating flyweight, which in the area pivoted at standstill and low camshaft speeds in the region of the cam contact surface of a valve stem vortretendes in this valve in the valve opening direction displacing ram lifting element, which by rising at Speeds swinging centrifugal weight is guided in a Asked from the engagement with the cam contact surface of the plunger position.
Weiter ist aus der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE 196 36 811 A1 eine De- kompressionsautomatik für eine Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einen Einzylinder-Dieselmotor, mit mindestens einem Auslass- und einem Einlassventil wie bekannt, die von einer Nockenwelle mit mindestens einem Nocken angesteuert werden, wobei zur Reduzierung des Andrehwiderstands beim Anlassen der Brennkraftmaschine das Auslassventil gelüftet wird. Die De- kompressionsautomatik weist zum Lüften des Auslassventils unterhalb einer Schaltdrehzahl für das Umschalten von Dekompression auf Kompression eine vollautomatische, in den Nocken des Auslassventils eingreifende Aushebevorrichtung auf, welche das Abheben des Auslassventils vom Ventilsitz bewirkt. Furthermore, DE 196 36 811 A1 discloses a decompression automatic system for an internal combustion engine, in particular a single-cylinder diesel engine, with at least one exhaust and one intake valve as known, which are actuated by a camshaft having at least one cam, wherein for reduction the Andrehwiderstands when starting the internal combustion engine, the exhaust valve is released. To decompress the exhaust valve below a switching speed for switching from decompression to compression, the automatic decompression device has a fully automatic lifting device engaging in the cams of the exhaust valve, which causes the exhaust valve to lift off the valve seat.
Eine weitere gattungsgemäße Nockenwelle mit einer Dekompressionsvorrichtung ist beispielsweise aus der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 0 407 699 A1 bekannt. Another generic camshaft with a decompression device is known for example from the European patent application EP 0 407 699 A1.
Nachteilig an all diesen bekannten Dekompressionsvorrichtungen ist, dass die Dekompressionsfunktion stochastisches Klickern erzeugen kann, was sich nachteilig auf die Geräuschemission der Brennkraftmaschine auswirkt. Dieses Klickern wird durch ein instabiles Fliehgewicht der Dekompressionsvorrichtung verursacht. Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Maßnahme aufzuzeigen, die das akustisch auffällige Klickern der Dekompressionsvorrichtung verhindert oder zumindest reduziert. A disadvantage of all these known decompression devices is that the decompression function can generate stochastic clickers, which adversely affects the noise emission of the internal combustion engine. This clicker is caused by an unstable flyweight of the decompression device. The object of the present invention is to identify a measure which prevents or at least reduces the acoustically conspicuous clicking of the decompression device.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patenanspruchs 1 gelöst. This object is achieved by the features in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.
Ein schiebebewegliches Element in der Nockenwelle verbaut, wird mit Schmiermittel aus dem Schmierkreislauf versorgt. Sobald die Brennkraftmaschine anspringt wird dieses schiebebewegliche Element durch Fliehkraft radial nach außen verschoben. Zugleich wird das schiebebewegliche Element durch Schmiermitteldruck unterstützt und bleibt in der gewünschten Position und drückt das Fliehgewicht nach außen. Dabei wird das Fliehgewicht stabil in der Auslenkposition gehalten und kann erfindungsgemäß nicht mehr das Klickern verursachen. Somit ist das Klickern durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung der Dekompressionsfunktion verhindert und es entstehen keine unangenehmen Geräusche der Brennkraftmaschine. A sliding element installed in the camshaft is supplied with lubricant from the lubrication circuit. As soon as the internal combustion engine starts, this sliding-moving element is displaced radially outward by centrifugal force. At the same time, the sliding-moving element is supported by lubricant pressure and remains in the desired position and pushes the flyweight to the outside. The centrifugal weight is held stable in the deflection position and according to the invention can no longer cause the clicker. Thus, the Klickern is prevented by the inventive design of the decompression function and there is no unpleasant noise of the internal combustion engine.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben. Advantageous developments of the invention are described in the subclaims.
Mit der Ausgestaltung gemäß Patentanspruch 2 wird sichergestellt, dass immer ausreichend Schmiermittel mit ausreichend Schmiermitteldruck vorhanden ist, um das schiebebewegliche Element in Richtung Fliehgewicht zu drücken. With the embodiment according to claim 2 ensures that there is always sufficient lubricant with sufficient lubricant pressure to push the sliding element movable towards centrifugal weight.
Die Maßnahme gemäß Patentanspruch 3 dient der allgemeinen Stabilisierung der Dekompressionsvorrichtung. The measure according to claim 3 serves for the general stabilization of the decompression device.
Die Ausgestaltungen gemäß den Patentansprüchen 4 und 5 sind bevorzugte Ausführungsvarianten. Die Ausgestaltung gemäß Patentanspruch 6 ist eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsvariante. The embodiments according to claims 4 and 5 are preferred embodiments. The embodiment according to claim 6 is a particularly preferred embodiment.
Vorzugsweise wird die erfindungsgemäße Nockenwelle gemäß Patentanspruch 7 in einer Brennkraftmaschine verbaut. Preferably, the camshaft according to the invention is installed according to claim 7 in an internal combustion engine.
Im Folgenden ist die Erfindung anhand von drei Figuren näher erläutert. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to three figures.
Figur 1 zeigt eine Aufsicht auf eine dreidimensional dargestellte, erfindungsgemäße Nockenwelle. FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a camshaft according to the invention shown in three dimensions.
Figur 2 zeigt eine Seitenansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Nockenwelle. FIG. 2 shows a side view of the camshaft according to the invention.
Figur 3 zeigt einen Schnitt A-A aus Figur 2. FIG. 3 shows a section A-A from FIG. 2.
Im Folgenden gelten in den Figuren 1 bis 3 für gleiche Bauelemente die gleichen Bezugsziffern. In the following, the same reference numerals apply in the figures 1 to 3 for the same components.
Figur 1 zeigt eine Aufsicht auf eine dreidimensional dargestellte, erfindungsgemäße Nockenwelle 1 mit einer Dekompressionsvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine. Die Nockenwelle weist zwei Nocken 3 mit jeweils einem Grundkreis 2 auf. Solange der Grundkreis 2 mit einem nicht dargestellten Gaswechselventil in Wirkverbindung ist, ist das Gaswechselventil geschlossen. Jede Nocke 3 steht direkt oder indirekt über eine nicht dargestellte Ventiltasse oder einen Schlepp- oder Kipphebel mit einem Gaswechselventil in Wirkverbindung, wobei durch Drehung der Nockenwelle 1 und somit auch der Nocken 3 die Gaswechselventile betätigbar sind. FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a camshaft 1 according to the invention, shown in three dimensions, with a decompression device for an internal combustion engine. The camshaft has two cams 3, each with a base circle 2. As long as the base circle 2 is in operative connection with a gas exchange valve, not shown, the gas exchange valve is closed. Each cam 3 is directly or indirectly via a valve cup, not shown, or a toggle or rocker arm with a gas exchange valve in operative connection, by rotation of the camshaft 1 and thus also the cam 3, the gas exchange valves can be actuated.
In einem Grundkreis 2 eines Nockens 3 ist ein Ventilheber 4 drehbar gelagert, der mit einem koaxial zur Nockenwelle 1 angeordneten, drehbar gelagerten Fliehgewicht 5 derart in der Wirkverbindung ist dass der Ventilheber 4 ab einer bestimmten Drehzahl der Nockenwelle 1 von dem Fliehgewicht 5 derart verdreht wird, dass der Ventilheber 4 eine Kontur des Grundkreises 2 darstellt. Dies heißt, dass ab einer bestimmten Drehzahl der Nockenwelle 1 der Ventilheber 4 quasi wirkungslos ist, und das Gaswechselventil ganz normal geschlossen bleibt. In a base circle 2 of a cam 3, a valve lifter 4 is rotatably mounted, which is arranged with a coaxial with the camshaft 1, rotatably mounted flyweight 5 in operative connection that the valve lifter 4 from a certain speed of the camshaft 1 of the flyweight. 5 is rotated such that the valve lifter 4 is a contour of the base circle 2. This means that from a certain speed of the camshaft 1, the valve lifter 4 is virtually ineffective, and the gas exchange valve remains closed normally.
Beim Start der Brennkraftmaschine, bzw. bei einer Drehzahl die kleiner ist als die definierte Drehzahl, wird, wie in Figur 3 erkennbar ist, das Fliehgewicht von einem Federelement 10 in eine Stellung gedrückt, so dass der Ventilheber 4 mit einer leicht erhabenen Kontur (0,1 bis 1 ,0 mm) über den Grund kreis 2 des Nockens 3 hervorsteht. Somit wird ab dem Anlassen der Brennkraftmaschine, bis zur definierten Drehzahl das Gaswechselventil während der normalerweise geschlossenen Phase leicht geöffnet, was zu einer Dekompression im Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine führt. Hierdurch ist ein wesentlich leichteres Anspringen der Brennkraftmaschine möglich. When starting the internal combustion engine, or at a speed which is smaller than the defined speed, as shown in Figure 3 can be seen, the centrifugal weight of a spring element 10 is pressed into a position, so that the valve lifter 4 with a slightly raised contour (0 , 1 to 1, 0 mm) over the base circle 2 of the cam 3 protrudes. Thus, from the start of the engine, up to the defined speed, the gas exchange valve is slightly opened during the normally closed phase, resulting in a decompression in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine. As a result, a much easier starting of the internal combustion engine is possible.
Die erfindungsgemäße Nockenwelle 1 mit der Dekompressionsvorrichtung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nockenwelle 1 im Bereich des Fliehgewichts 5 einen Hohlraum 6 (Fig. 2 und 3) aufweist, der mit Schmiermitteldruck beaufschlagbar ist, und in der Nockenwelle 1 eine radiale erste Bohrung 7 vom Hohlraum 6 im Bereich des Fliehgewichts 5 angeordnet ist, wobei in der ersten Bohrung 7 ein vom Schmiermitteldruck verschiebbares schiebebewegliches Element 8 angeordnet ist. The camshaft 1 according to the invention with the decompression device is characterized in that the camshaft 1 in the region of the centrifugal weight 5 has a cavity 6 (FIGS. 2 and 3) which can be acted upon by lubricant pressure, and in the camshaft 1 a radial first bore 7 from the cavity 6 is arranged in the region of the centrifugal weight 5, wherein in the first bore 7 a sliding of the lubricant pressure sliding element 8 is arranged.
Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel weisen die Nocken 3 jeweils eine Aussparung 12 zur Gewichtseinsparung auf. In the present embodiment, the cams 3 each have a recess 12 for weight saving.
Figur 2 zeigt eine Seitenansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Nockenwelle 1 mit der Dekompressionsvorrichtung. In Figur 2 ist die Nockenwelle 1 mit Blick auf die Grundkreisseite der Nocken 3 dargestellt. Erkennbar sind wiederum die Aussparungen 12 der Nocken 3. Zwischen den Nocken 3 ist ein Lagerbereich 9 angeordnet, in dem eine dritte Bohrung 15 angeordnet ist, die mit dem Hohlraum 6 verbunden ist. Beim Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine wird die Nockenwelle 1 gedreht und der Hohlraum 6 wird über die dritte Bohrung 15 mit Schmiermittel beaufschlagt, wodurch sich im Hohlraum 6 ein Überdruck bildet, der das schiebebewegliche Element 8 in der ersten Bohrung 7 radial nach außen drückt. Der Hohlraum 6 kann beispielsweise durch eine axiale Bohrung durch die Nockenwelle 1 dargestellt werden, die beidseitig an den Enden der Nockenwelle 1 verschlossen wird. Dies kann beispielsweise durch einen Verschlussdeckel oder auch durch eine fest in die Bohrung eingedrehte Schraube am Nockenwellenende dargestellt werden. Der Verschluss des Hohlraumes 6 ermöglicht somit den Aufbau des Schmiermitteldrucks im Hohlraum 6, um das schiebebewegliche Element 8 in der gewünschten radial äußeren Auslenkposition zu halten. FIG. 2 shows a side view of the camshaft 1 according to the invention with the decompression device. FIG. 2 shows the camshaft 1 with a view of the base circle side of the cams 3. Visible are in turn the recesses 12 of the cam 3. Between the cam 3, a bearing portion 9 is arranged, in which a third bore 15 is arranged, which is connected to the cavity 6. During operation of the internal combustion engine is the camshaft 1 is rotated and the cavity 6 is acted upon by the third bore 15 with lubricant, whereby in the cavity 6, an overpressure is formed, which presses the sliding movable element 8 in the first bore 7 radially outward. The cavity 6 can be represented for example by an axial bore through the camshaft 1, which is closed on both sides at the ends of the camshaft 1. This can be represented for example by a closure cover or by a screwed into the bore screw at the camshaft end. The closure of the cavity 6 thus allows the build-up of the lubricant pressure in the cavity 6, to keep the slide-moving element 8 in the desired radially outer deflection position.
Durch das schiebebeweglich angeordnete Element 8 ist in Figur 2 ein Schnitt A-A senkrecht zur Zeichnungsebene eingezeichnet, der in Figur 3 dargestellt ist. By the sliding movably arranged element 8, a section A-A is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing shown in Figure 2, which is shown in Figure 3.
Figur 3 zeigt den Schnitt A-A aus Figur 2 durch das schiebebewegliche Element 8 und die Dekompressionsvorrichtung. Zentral in Figur 3 ist der Hohlraum 6 erkennbar, in den das schiebebewegliche Element 8 in der ersten Bohrung 7 ragt. Das Fliehgewicht 5 ist auf einer Drehachse 14 drehbar gelagert. Eine Drehrichtung des Fliehgewichtes 5 bei Drehung der Nockenwelle 1 ab einer definierten Drehzahl ist mit einem Pfeil schematisch dargestellt, ebenso wie eine damit verbundene Verdrehung des Ventilhebers 4. Gleichzeitig liegt das schiebebewegliche Element 8 auf einem Anschlag 11 des Fliehgewichtes 5 an. FIG. 3 shows the section A-A from FIG. 2 through the sliding-movable element 8 and the decompression device. Centrally in Figure 3, the cavity 6 can be seen, in which the sliding movable element 8 protrudes in the first bore 7. The flyweight 5 is rotatably mounted on a rotation axis 14. A direction of rotation of the centrifugal weight 5 upon rotation of the camshaft 1 from a defined speed is shown schematically by an arrow, as well as an associated rotation of the valve lifter 4. At the same time the sliding movable element 8 abuts on a stop 11 of the centrifugal weight 5.
Das Federelement 10 drückt über ein Druckelement 13 im Stillstand der Nockenwelle 1 das Fliehgewicht 5 um die Drehachse 14 mit dem Anschlag 1 1 auf das schiebebewegliche Element 8. Auf der dem Federelement 10 abgewandten Seite ist das Fliehgewicht 5 mit dem Ventilheber 4 in Wirkverbindung. In der in Figur 3 dargestellten Stellung, d. h. bei Stillstand der Brennkraftmaschine ist der Ventilheber 4 im Bereich des Grundkreises 2 des No- ckens 3 derart ausgebildet, dass er etwa 0,1 bis 1 ,0 mm über den Grundkreis 2 für eine Dekompression des Zylinders hervorsteht. The spring element 10 presses on a pressure element 13 at a standstill of the camshaft 1, the centrifugal weight 5 about the axis of rotation 14 with the stop 1 1 on the sliding element 8 on the side facing away from the spring element 10, the flyweight 5 with the valve lifter 4 in operative connection. In the position shown in FIG. 3, ie when the internal combustion engine is at a standstill, the valve lifter 4 is located in the region of the base circle 2 of the engine. 3 formed such that it protrudes about 0.1 to 1, 0 mm above the base circle 2 for a decompression of the cylinder.
Wird nun die Brennkraftmaschine gestartet, so baut sich im Hohlraum 6 ein Schmiermitteldruck auf, gleichzeitig dreht das Fliehgewicht 5 nach radial außen, mit einer Unterstützung des Schmierdrucks, der das schiebebewegliche Element 8 ebenfalls radial nach außen drückt. Hierbei dreht sich das Fliehgewicht 5 entsprechend dem Pfeil in Uhrzeigerrichtung und verdreht den Ventilausheber 4 derart, dass er im Grundkreis 2 die gleiche Kontur annimmt wie der Grundkreis 2 selbst. Eine Dekompression ist somit ab einer definierten Drehzahl sicher vermieden. If now the internal combustion engine is started, a lubricant pressure builds up in the cavity 6, at the same time the centrifugal weight 5 rotates radially outward, with a support of the lubricating pressure, which also pushes the sliding-moving element 8 radially outward. Here, the centrifugal weight 5 rotates clockwise according to the arrow and rotates the valve lifter 4 such that it assumes the same contour in the base circle 2 as the base circle 2 itself. A decompression is thus safely avoided from a defined speed.
Wie in Figur 3 dargestellt ist, ist das Element 8 bevorzugt entgegen der Federkraft des Federelements 10 von dem Schmiermittel in Richtung Fliehgewicht 5 verschiebbar. Weiter weist das Fliehgewicht 5 bevorzugt einen Anschlag 1 1 für das schiebebewegliche Element 8 auf. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung ist das Element 8 eine Nadelrolle. Besonders bevorzugt findet die Nockenwelle 1 mit einer Dekompressionsvorrichtung Verwendung als eine Auslassnockenwelle eines Ventiltriebs einer Brennkraftmaschine. As shown in FIG. 3, the element 8 is preferably displaceable against the spring force of the spring element 10 by the lubricant in the direction of the flyweight 5. Furthermore, the flyweight 5 preferably has a stop 1 1 for the sliding-moving element 8. In a further preferred embodiment, the element 8 is a needle roller. Particularly preferably, the camshaft 1 with a decompression device is used as an exhaust camshaft of a valve train of an internal combustion engine.
Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt: In other words:
Das in der Nockenwelle 1 verbaute schiebebewegliche Element 8 wird mit Schmiermittel vom Schmiermittelkreislauf versorgt. Sobald die Brennkraftmaschine anspringt wird das schiebebewegliche Element 8, bevorzugt eine Nadelrolle, durch den sich im Hohlraum 6 aufbauenden Schmiermitteldruck radial nach außen verschoben. Sobald die Brennkraftmaschine anspringt wird das schiebebewegliche Element 8 durch Fliehkraft nach außen verschoben. Zugleich wird das schiebebewegliche Element 8 durch Schmiermitteldruck im Hohlraum 6 unterstützt und bleibt in der gewünschten radial äußeren Position. Dabei wird das Fliehgewicht 5 stabil in der Auslenkposition gehalten und kann die akustische Auffälligkeit nicht mehr verursachen. Dies bedeutet so- mit in erfindungsgemäßer Weise kein Klickern der Dekompressionsvorrich- tung und somit keine unangenehmen Geräusche der Brennkraftmaschine. The built in the camshaft 1 sliding movable element 8 is supplied with lubricant from the lubricant circuit. As soon as the internal combustion engine starts, the sliding-moving element 8, preferably a needle roller, is displaced radially outwardly through the lubricant pressure building up in the cavity 6. As soon as the internal combustion engine starts, the sliding-moving element 8 is displaced outward by centrifugal force. At the same time, the sliding-moving element 8 is supported by lubricant pressure in the cavity 6 and remains in the desired radially outer position. The flyweight 5 is held stable in the deflection position and can no longer cause the acoustic conspicuousness. This means with in accordance with the invention no clicking the Dekompressionsvorrich- device and thus no unpleasant noise of the internal combustion engine.
Bezugszeichenliste: LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1. Nockenwelle1st camshaft
2. Grundkreis2nd base circle
3. Nocken3. cam
4. Ventilheber4. Valve lift
5. Fliehgewicht5. Flyweight
6. Hohlraum6. Cavity
7. erste Bohrung7. first bore
8. Element8th element
9. Lagerbereich9. Storage area
10. Federelement10. spring element
11. Anschlag11. Stop
12. Aussparung12. recess
13. Druckkörper13. Pressure hull
14. Drehachse14. axis of rotation
15. zweite Bohrung 15. second bore

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Nockenwelle (1 ) mit einer Dekompressionsvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine, wobei in einem Grundkreis (2) eines Nockens (3), der durch Drehung mit einem Gaswechselventil in Wirkverbindung bringbar ist, ein Ventilheber (4) drehbar gelagert ist, der mit einem koaxial zur Nockenwelle (1 ) angeordnetem, drehbar gelagerten Fliehgewicht (5) derart in Wirkverbindung ist, dass der Ventilheber (4) ab einer bestimmten Drehzahl der Nockenwelle (1 ) eine Kontur des Grundkreises (2) im Wirkbereich mit dem Gaswechselventil bildet, 1. camshaft (1) with a decompression device for an internal combustion engine, wherein in a base circle (2) of a cam (3) which can be brought into operative connection by rotation with a gas exchange valve, a valve lifter (4) is rotatably mounted with a coaxial to the camshaft (1) arranged, rotatably mounted centrifugal weight (5) is in operative connection such that the valve lifter (4) from a certain speed of the camshaft (1) forms a contour of the base circle (2) in the effective range with the gas exchange valve,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nockenwelle (1) im Bereich des Fliehgewichtes (5) einen Hohlraum (6) aufweist, der mit Schmiermitteldruck beaufschlagbar ist und in der Nockenwelle (1 ) eine radiale erste Bohrung (7) vom Hohlraum (6) zum Fliehgewicht (5) angeordnet ist, wobei in der ersten Bohrung (7) ein vom Schmiermitteldruck verschiebbares, schiebebewegliches Element (8) angeordnet ist.  characterized in that the camshaft (1) in the region of the centrifugal weight (5) has a cavity (6) which is acted upon by lubricant pressure and in the camshaft (1) a radial first bore (7) from the cavity (6) to flyweight ( 5) is arranged, wherein in the first bore (7) is displaceable by the lubricant pressure, sliding movable element (8) is arranged.
2. Nockenwelle nach Patentanspruch 1 , 2. Camshaft according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlraum (6) über eine zweite Bohrung (15) von einem Lagerbereich (9) der Nockenwelle (1 ) mit  characterized in that the cavity (6) via a second bore (15) of a bearing region (9) of the camshaft (1) with
Schmiermittel beaufschlagbar ist. Lubricant can be acted upon.
3. Nockenwelle nach Patentanspruch 1 oder 2, 3. Camshaft according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Element (8) entgegen einer Federkraft eines Federelementes (10) von dem Schmiermittel in Richtung Fliehgewicht (5) verschiebbar ist.  characterized in that the element (8) against a spring force of a spring element (10) of the lubricant in the direction flyweight (5) is displaceable.
4. Nockenwelle nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 3, 4. Camshaft according to one of the claims 1 to 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fliehgewicht (5) einen Anschlag (11 ) für das Element (8) aufweist.  characterized in that the centrifugal weight (5) has a stop (11) for the element (8).
5. Nockenwelle nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 4, 5. Camshaft according to one of the claims 1 to 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Element (8) eine Nadelrolle ist.  characterized in that the element (8) is a needle roller.
6. Nockenwelle nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 5, 6. Camshaft according to one of the claims 1 to 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nockenwelle (1 ) eine Auslassnocken welle ist.  characterized in that the camshaft (1) is an exhaust camshaft.
7. Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Nockenwelle nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 6. 7. Internal combustion engine with a camshaft according to one of the claims 1 to 6.
EP16701542.9A 2015-03-13 2016-01-27 Camshaft having a decompression device Active EP3268588B1 (en)

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DE102015204550.1A DE102015204550A1 (en) 2015-03-13 2015-03-13 Camshaft with a decompression device
PCT/EP2016/051629 WO2016146284A1 (en) 2015-03-13 2016-01-27 Camshaft having a decompression device

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EP (1) EP3268588B1 (en)
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DE102015225727A1 (en) * 2015-12-17 2017-07-06 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Decompression device for a reciprocating internal combustion engine

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JP6391199B2 (en) 2018-09-19
US20170292417A1 (en) 2017-10-12
JP2018507983A (en) 2018-03-22
EP3268588B1 (en) 2019-03-06
CN107109976B (en) 2019-09-06
CN107109976A (en) 2017-08-29
WO2016146284A1 (en) 2016-09-22
DE102015204550A1 (en) 2016-09-15

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