EP3267027A1 - Tète de buse d'injecteur de gros moteur diesel et son procédé de production - Google Patents

Tète de buse d'injecteur de gros moteur diesel et son procédé de production Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3267027A1
EP3267027A1 EP17176230.5A EP17176230A EP3267027A1 EP 3267027 A1 EP3267027 A1 EP 3267027A1 EP 17176230 A EP17176230 A EP 17176230A EP 3267027 A1 EP3267027 A1 EP 3267027A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
channel
nozzle head
fuel
longitudinal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17176230.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Schmid
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Winterthur Gas and Diesel AG
Original Assignee
Winterthur Gas and Diesel AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Winterthur Gas and Diesel AG filed Critical Winterthur Gas and Diesel AG
Publication of EP3267027A1 publication Critical patent/EP3267027A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/168—Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/06—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for preventing coking, e.g. of fuel injector discharge orifices or valve needles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/80—Fuel injection apparatus manufacture, repair or assembly

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a nozzle head for a fuel injector of a large diesel engine, in particular a longitudinally-flushed two-stroke large diesel engine, and a method for producing such a nozzle head according to the preamble of the independent claim of the respective category.
  • a gas e.g. a natural gas such as LNG (liquefied natural gas), or a gas in the form of an autogas or other suitable for driving an internal combustion engine gas burned
  • a suitable liquid fuel such as diesel or heavy oil
  • large diesel engine also refers to those large engines which, except in diesel mode, which is characterized by the self-ignition of the fuel, also in an Otto mode, which is characterized by the spark ignition of the fuel, or in mixed forms of these two can be operated.
  • large diesel engine also includes, in particular, the aforementioned dual-fuel engines and those large engines in which the self-ignition of the fuel is used for the spark ignition of another fuel.
  • the fuel In liquid mode, the fuel is usually introduced directly into the combustion chamber of the cylinder and burns there according to the principle of auto-ignition.
  • the gas mode it is known to mix the gas in the gaseous state with the purging air according to the Otto principle, so as to produce an ignitable mixture in the combustion chamber of the cylinder.
  • the ignition of the mixture in the cylinder is usually done by a small amount of liquid fuel is injected at the right moment in the combustion chamber of the cylinder or in an antechamber, which then leads to the ignition of the air-gas mixture.
  • a dual-fuel engine can be switched from gas mode to liquid mode during operation, and vice versa.
  • fuel injection nozzles are usually used for introducing the fuel into the combustion chamber of the cylinder, which have a nozzle body and a nozzle head.
  • the nozzle head is also referred to as an atomizer.
  • a plurality of nozzle openings are usually provided, through which the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber.
  • a movable nozzle needle is provided in the fuel injector, which cooperates with a valve seat such that the passage to the nozzle openings is opened or closed.
  • the nozzle head is a wear part, which is subject to a high thermal, mechanical and chemical stress collective.
  • the mechanical loads are based on the high injection pressure, which can amount to more than a thousand bar.
  • the thermal stresses are caused by the high temperatures in the combustion chamber and the enormous temperature changes between combustion temperature and temperature of the freshly supplied scavenging air, while the chemical stresses are mainly due to the high-temperature or hot corrosion.
  • valve seat is usually arranged slightly away from the nozzle openings, so that an excessive exposure to heat of combustion is avoided. Downstream of the valve seat in the nozzle head designed as a blind hole longitudinal bore is provided, branch off from which holes that lead to the nozzle openings.
  • valve seat and nozzle openings brings with it the following problem.
  • the nozzle needle is pressed into the valve seat, so that the fuel, which is located downstream of the valve seat - ie between the valve seat and nozzle holes - in the blind hole, is no longer supplied with the feed pressure.
  • This part of the fuel can be undesirable Lead deposits in the nozzle head and after completion of the injection through the nozzle openings poorly atomized enter the combustion chamber, or drip into it, where it but little or no burn. This leads to an increased fuel consumption, to additional pollution of the exhaust gas, in particular with oxides of oxides NO x , as well as to deposits of unburned fuel in all parts of the combustion chamber and the exhaust gas-carrying components.
  • a nozzle head for a fuel injector of a large diesel engine, in particular a longitudinally flushed two-stroke large diesel engine, with a longitudinal channel to which a fuel can be supplied, and which extends in an axial direction from an upper end to a lower end, and at least a nozzle channel which extends from the longitudinal channel to a nozzle opening through which the fuel into a combustion chamber of the Large diesel engine can be introduced, wherein each nozzle channel has a flow cross-section which is smaller than the flow cross-section of the longitudinal channel, and wherein the lower end of the longitudinal channel with respect to the axial direction and with respect to the normal position of use is arranged above each nozzle opening.
  • a method is also proposed for producing a nozzle head according to the invention, in which the nozzle head is produced by means of an additive machining method.
  • an additive processing method or with an additive manufacturing which is also referred to as generative manufacturing, thereby a processing method is meant in which material is applied or applied.
  • an additive processing method of an informal material such as liquids or powders, or of a form-neutral material, such as ribbon or wire-shaped material
  • the desired structures are generated by chemical and / or physical processes, eg. B. by building on a body.
  • Well-known additive manufacturing methods for metallic materials are, for example, deposition welding processes, especially inert gas processes such as tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) or laser deposition welding, or plasma processes or selective laser melting (SLM) or laser sintering.
  • TOG tungsten inert gas welding
  • SLM selective laser melting
  • subtractive processes include all forms of machining production, which means, as is generally customary, a production in which excess material in the form of chips is separated from a blank or a workpiece in order to achieve a desired geometric shape. Machining operations include, for example, milling, turning, drilling, planing, filing, grinding, honing or lapping, to name but a few examples.
  • the nozzle head is produced by means of an additive machining method, its concrete geometrical configuration is subject to virtually no limits.
  • the entire nozzle head is manufactured by the additive machining method, that is, the entire nozzle head is constructed generatively.
  • the additive machining method produces an insert in which all the nozzle channels are arranged, and the insert is inserted into a longitudinal bore of the nozzle head, which extends in the axial direction, and which longitudinal bore comprises the longitudinal channel.
  • the insert is designed so that it with its entire outer boundary surface on the longitudinal bore abuts limiting wall, so the longitudinal bore with respect to the radial direction so completely fills.
  • the insert has a cylindrical shape, wherein its outer diameter substantially corresponds to the inner diameter of the longitudinal bore, so that the insert can be inserted into the longitudinal bore and rests with its outer boundary surface on the wall which limits the longitudinal bore with respect to the radial direction.
  • Each nozzle channel is designed as an inner channel, which is located completely inside the insert. This means that each nozzle channel is completely enclosed by the insert, so that only the insert itself limits each nozzle channel. In particular, this avoids that other components such as the wall, which limits the longitudinal bore, forms a boundary for the nozzle channel.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that not only the nozzle channels in virtually any geometry can be produced, but that the use of the nozzle channels in the longitudinal bore or in the blind hole of a known conventional nozzle head can be used to a novel nozzle head realize.
  • This embodiment thus also makes it possible, in particular, to reshape an existing conventional nozzle head into an inventive device. For this purpose, it may be necessary to extend the longitudinal bore or the blind hole in the conventional nozzle head, so that the additively manufactured insert can be used with the nozzle channels in this longitudinal bore.
  • the insert is preferably made so that it rests over its entire circumference on the inner wall of the longitudinal bore, so that the fuel from the longitudinal channel can pass substantially only through the nozzle channel or the nozzle channels into the combustion chamber.
  • the additive machining method has, as already mentioned, in particular the advantage that the nozzle channel or the nozzle channels can be made with any geometry / can.
  • cavitations can be at least reduced and a trouble-free, optimal flow pattern for the fuel can be realized.
  • Even deposits in the nozzle head can be significantly reduced at least.
  • Another advantage of the embodiment with the insert is that it can be made of a different material than the rest of the nozzle head. Since the use is not exposed to the extremely challenging environmental conditions in the combustion chamber itself, a material can be selected for it, which is selected from aspects such as cost optimization and the best possible passage of the fuel, while selected for the rest of the nozzle head another proven material which is particularly advantageous in terms of the conditions in the combustion chamber.
  • the nozzle head has a plurality of nozzle channels, each of which extends in each case from the longitudinal channel to a nozzle opening, through which the fuel can be introduced into the combustion chamber of the large diesel engine.
  • the nozzle head has a longitudinal bore which extends in the axial direction, wherein the longitudinal bore comprises the longitudinal channel, and wherein in the longitudinal bore an insert is provided, in which all the nozzle channels are arranged.
  • this embodiment has several advantages.
  • the insert with the at least one nozzle channel is inserted into the longitudinal bore of the nozzle head, so that with respect to the normal position of use upper part of the longitudinal bore of the nozzle head forms the longitudinal channel, followed by the downstream of the insert with the at least one nozzle channel, through which the fuel from the Longitudinal channel can enter the combustion chamber.
  • the insert is made of a material that is different from the material, from which is the rest of the nozzle head.
  • one or more holes are provided which form the nozzle openings through which the fuel can pass from the respective nozzle channel into the combustion chamber.
  • each nozzle channel is designed so that the fuel at an injection angle inclined to the axial direction can escape from the respective nozzle opening, each injection angle less than 90 ° and preferably less than 80 ° is.
  • the injection angle is meant the smaller of the two angles, which includes the surface normal of the nozzle opening with the axial direction.
  • At least two nozzle channels are provided which have different injection angles.
  • each nozzle channel is designed so that it opens in the axial direction in the longitudinal channel.
  • the flow resistance for the fuel at the transition from the longitudinal channel can be minimized in each nozzle channel, because each nozzle channel in the vicinity of the longitudinal channel extends in the same direction as the longitudinal channel, so that the fuel is not deflected in the transition from the longitudinal channel in the nozzle channel must become.
  • erosion-related degradation effects can be avoided.
  • At least one nozzle channel is widening or tapering in a region adjoining the nozzle opening. As a result, the flow behavior of the fuel can be optimized.
  • each nozzle channel is designed free of edges and corners, because this can at least significantly reduce deposits, erosion phenomena and cavitations, the Usually increased on sharp edges or corners can occur and lead to increased wear.
  • a further preferred embodiment is that the at least one nozzle channel is designed arcuate or curved. Due to the arcuate or curved configuration, the flow of the fuel can be transferred particularly lossless and advantageous from the axial direction in the desired injection direction.
  • At least two nozzle channels are provided, which have a curved region, wherein the curvatures of the two nozzle channels are different in the curved region. This configuration makes it possible to realize particularly different injection angles for the fuel, with cavitations and erosion-related wear phenomena being at least significantly reduced.
  • the invention further proposes a large diesel engine, in particular a longitudinally purged two-stroke large diesel engine, with a fuel injection nozzle which comprises a nozzle head which is designed according to the invention or produced according to a method according to the invention.
  • relative position designations such as “below”, “above”, “below”, “above”, etc., are to be understood as referring in each case to the normal position of use.
  • FIG. 1 the structure of a fuel injector of a large diesel engine explained, as it is known in the prior art.
  • the prior art of the present invention are used for the device known from the prior art reference numerals, which are provided with an apostrophe.
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a known from the prior art fuel injector of a large diesel engine, which is generally designated by the reference numeral 10 '.
  • the fuel injector 10 'of a longitudinally purged two-stroke large diesel engine, with which a liquid fuel, in particular heavy oil or diesel oil, can be introduced into a combustion chamber 20' of a cylinder of the large diesel engine.
  • the known fuel injection nozzle 10 ' comprises a nozzle body 11' with a nozzle head 1 ', which is connected to the nozzle body 11'.
  • the connection takes place here by means of a holding sleeve 12 ', which tapers at its lower end according to the illustration to the longitudinal axis of the fuel injector 10' out.
  • an axial direction A ' is set.
  • the retaining sleeve 12 ' is by means of a union nut 13' and an elastic member 14 ', for example a snap ring, attached to the nozzle body 11'.
  • the nozzle head 1 ' is supported in the tapered part of the retaining sleeve 12'.
  • FIG. 2 still a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the nozzle head 1 'of the fuel injector 10' from Fig. 1 .
  • the nozzle head 1 ' has a longitudinal bore 5' and in the region of its lower end at least one nozzle opening 3 ', typically several z. B. five nozzle openings 3 ', which are connected to the longitudinal bore 5', so that the fuel through the nozzle openings 3 'in the combustion chamber 20' can escape.
  • a pressure chamber 14' In the interior of the nozzle body 11 'is a pressure chamber 14' is provided, in which a feed line 15 'opens for the fuel. Through the supply line 15 ', the high-pressure fuel from a reservoir, usually an accumulator of a common rail system, the fuel injector 10' are supplied.
  • the pressure chamber 14 ' is bounded in the axial direction A' by a valve seat 16 '.
  • a nozzle needle 17' is arranged, which extends substantially in the axial direction A ', and which cooperates with the valve seat 16'.
  • the volume of the longitudinal bore 5 'downstream of the valve seat 16' is commonly referred to as a blind hole or blind hole volume.
  • the longitudinal bore 5 ' is configured in the example described here as a substantially cylindrical bore which extends in the axial direction A' and has a length L '(see Fig. 2 ).
  • the diameter D 'of the longitudinal bore 5' defines a flow cross section, which means the available for the flow of the fuel cross-sectional area in the longitudinal bore 5 'is meant.
  • the nozzle needle 17 ' is arranged in a bore 18' of the nozzle body 11 'extending in the axial direction A', which in FIG Fig. 1 for reasons of space only partially shown.
  • the bore 18 ' has an inner diameter B', which is slightly larger than an outer diameter of the nozzle needle 17 ', so that the nozzle needle 17' safely and precisely in the bore 18 'is guided.
  • each nozzle opening 3 'via a nozzle channel 53' with the longitudinal bore 5 'of the nozzle head 1' is connected, so that the pressurized fuel from the longitudinal bore 5 'through the nozzle channels 53' and the nozzle openings 3 'injected into the combustion chamber 20' becomes.
  • the flow cross section of each nozzle channel 53 ' is significantly smaller, in particular at least five times smaller than the flow cross section of the longitudinal bore 5', which is defined by the diameter D 'of the longitudinal bore.
  • the nozzle channels 53 'each extend inclined or oblique to the axial direction A', so that the fuel at an injection angle ⁇ 'inclined to the axial direction A' from the respective nozzle opening 3 'can escape.
  • the injection angle ⁇ ' is meant the smaller of the two angles, which includes the surface normal of the nozzle opening 3' with the axial direction.
  • the respective injection angles ⁇ ' may be different for different nozzle openings 3'.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of an inventive nozzle head, which is generally designated by the reference numeral 1.
  • the nozzle head 1 is in an analogous manner as that of Fig. 1 has been described for a fuel injector of a large diesel engine, in particular a longitudinally purged two-stroke large diesel engine, determined and acts in an analogous manner as described above with a nozzle body of the fuel injector together.
  • the nozzle head 1 has a longitudinal channel 2 which extends in an axial direction A from an upper end 21 to a lower end 22 and has the length L1.
  • the longitudinal channel 2 is preferably cylindrical in shape and has a diameter D.
  • the axial direction A through the Longitudinal axis of the nozzle head 1 is fixed, which is identical to the longitudinal axis of the fuel injector when the nozzle head 1 is mounted in the fuel injector.
  • the longitudinal channel 2 a fuel can be supplied, which is to be introduced into a combustion chamber of a cylinder of the large diesel engine.
  • the nozzle head 1 further has at least one nozzle channel 4, which extends from the longitudinal channel 2 to a nozzle opening 3, through which the fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber of the cylinder.
  • the nozzle head 1 comprises a plurality of separate nozzle openings 3, each of which is then connected in each case by a nozzle channel 4 with the longitudinal channel 2.
  • two nozzle openings 3 are shown, which are in each case flow-connected via a nozzle channel 4 with the longitudinal channel 2.
  • Each nozzle channel 4 in this case has a flow cross section which is significantly smaller, for example at least five times smaller than the flow cross section of the longitudinal channel 2.
  • the flow cross section in this case means in each case the surface which is perpendicular to the main flow direction of the fuel.
  • the lower end 22 of the longitudinal channel 2 with respect to the axial direction and with respect to in Fig. 3 shown normal use position above each nozzle opening 3 arranged.
  • the nozzle head 1 is manufactured by means of an additive machining method.
  • These processing or manufacturing processes are also referred to as generative processes or as additive manufacturing.
  • an additive processing method or with an additive manufacturing a method is meant in which material is applied or applied in order to build up the corresponding body.
  • an additive machining process from an informal material, For example, liquids or powders, or from a shape-neutral material, such as ribbon or wire-shaped material, generated by chemical and / or physical processes, the desired structures, eg. B. by building on a body.
  • Well-known additive manufacturing methods for metallic materials are, for example, deposition welding processes, especially inert gas processes such as tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) or laser deposition welding, or plasma processes or selective laser melting (SLM) or laser sintering.
  • TOG tungsten inert gas welding
  • SLM selective laser melting
  • the additive or generative production has the particular advantage that they are subject to virtually no geometric restrictions, so that in particular bodies with arbitrarily shaped inner cavities can be produced.
  • this has the considerable advantage that each nozzle channel 4 can be produced with virtually any desired geometry.
  • the respective geometry of the nozzle channel 4 can be optimized under various aspects, for example, under the aspects cavitations at least significantly reduce erosion degradation as far as possible to avoid deposits in the nozzle channel 4, to optimize the flow behavior of the fuel, or to realize an optimal atomization or distribution of the fuel in the combustion chamber.
  • an insert 6 is provided, which is arranged in a longitudinal bore 5 of the nozzle head 1, which extends in the axial direction A over a length L which is greater than the length L1 of the longitudinal channel 2 in the axial direction A.
  • This insert 6 contains all nozzle channels 4 and fills the representation according to the lower end of the longitudinal bore 5 over a length L2 completely. This means, in particular, that the insert 6 fully rests against the inner wall of the longitudinal bore 5.
  • Each nozzle channel 4 is designed as an inner channel, which is located completely inside the insert 6. Each nozzle channel 4 is thus laterally bounded in full by the insert 6. This is to be understood in particular as meaning that the nozzle channel 4 or the nozzle channels 4 are not in the Surface of the insert 6 is arranged, which limits the insert 6 in the radial direction, but just inside the insert 6. Only the mouths of the nozzle channels 4 on the one hand in the nozzle openings 3 and on the other hand in the longitudinal channel 2 are in the surface of the insert 6th
  • the insert 6 with the nozzle channels 4 is manufactured with an additive processing method.
  • a per se known nozzle head can be used for the production of the nozzle head 1, as he, for example, in Fig. 2 is shown.
  • the wall 7 of the nozzle head 1 which limits the longitudinal bore 5
  • at least one bore is provided which forms the nozzle opening 3.
  • Fig. 3 two such nozzle openings 3 are shown.
  • These nozzle openings 3 are preferably identical to the nozzle openings of the known nozzle head 1 'in FIG Fig. 2 is shown.
  • the insert 6 is then introduced into the longitudinal bore 5 or into the longitudinal bore 5 'of the known nozzle head 1' until it rests against the lower end of the longitudinal bore 5 or 5 '.
  • the lower region of the longitudinal bore 5 or 5 ' is preferably completely filled with the insert 6 over the length L2, and the upper region of the longitudinal bore 5 or 5' forms the longitudinal channel 2, which has the length L1.
  • L1 and L2 complement each other to the length L of the longitudinal bore. 5
  • a nozzle head 1 'known per se is used for the production of the nozzle head 1, it may be advantageous, depending on the application, to change the original diameter D' (FIG. Fig. 2 ) of the longitudinal bore 5 'by drilling or any other suitable machining process to increase, so as to produce the longitudinal bore 5 with the diameter D, in which then the insert 6 is used.
  • the outlet openings of all nozzle channels 4 are arranged so that they are aligned after placing the insert 6 in the longitudinal bore 5 each with one of the nozzle openings 3 in the wall 7 of the nozzle head 1.
  • the measure of producing the nozzle head 1 on the basis of a nozzle head 1 'which is known per se has several advantages.
  • the outer design of the nozzle head 1, which in particular the arrangement and the design of the nozzle openings 3 is meant to be taken over by a known nozzle head.
  • the nozzle head 1 can be easily inserted into an existing fuel nozzle without the need for structural changes or adjustments. It is also possible to convert or retrofit an already existing nozzle head into a nozzle head 1 according to the invention by inserting into the longitudinal bore 5 'of the existing nozzle head 1', possibly after an enlargement of the diameter D 'of the original longitudinal bore 5'.
  • Another advantage of the embodiment with the insert 6 is that it can be made of a different material than the rest of the nozzle head 1, so for example its wall 7. This makes it possible for the production of the nozzle head 1 - with the exception of the insert 6 - to use a proven material that is particularly suitable in view of the extremely demanding conditions in the combustion chamber, for example, the enormous thermal loads.
  • Such materials known per se for the production of a nozzle head 1 of a large diesel engine are, for example, steels or alloys based on nickel or cobalt, for example stellite 6. These materials are particularly suitable with regard to erosion, abrasion and cavitation especially in the nozzle openings 3.
  • the insert 6 For the production of the insert 6 then another material, preferably a metallic material can be chosen because the insert 6 is not exposed even to the extreme conditions in the combustion chamber, but is protected by the wall 7 of the nozzle head 1. So you have now a much higher flexibility in the selection of a suitable material with which the insert 6 of the nozzle head 1 is built in additive manufacturing.
  • the material for the insert 6 can be selected, for example, in terms of cost or optimum management of the fuel.
  • a particular advantage of the inventive design of the nozzle head 1 is that the respective flow connection between the longitudinal channel 2 and the nozzle opening 3, so the respective nozzle channel 4, can be designed freeform, that is in particular subjected to practically no geometric constraints.
  • each nozzle channel 4 can be designed with regard to an optimal flow behavior of the fuel or with regard to an optimal guidance of the fuel.
  • each nozzle channel 4 can be optimized in particular also with regard to cavitations, erosion, abrasion and the most efficient possible introduction of the fuel into the combustion chamber.
  • each nozzle channel 4 is designed such that the fuel is inclined at an injection angle ⁇ Fig. 3 to the axial direction A can escape from the respective nozzle opening 3.
  • the injection angle ⁇ is meant the smaller of the two angles, which encloses the surface normal of the nozzle opening 3 with the axial direction.
  • the respective injection angles ⁇ may be different from each other for different nozzle openings 3.
  • Each injection angle ⁇ is preferably less than 90 ° and preferably less than 80 °.
  • a particularly preferred value range is 70 ° to 75 °.
  • each nozzle channel 4 is designed so that it opens in the axial direction A in the longitudinal channel 2. This makes it possible to realize a particularly good transition of the fuel from the longitudinal channel 2 into the respective nozzle channel 4.
  • the nozzle channel 4 is widening or tapering in particular in a region adjacent to the nozzle opening 3. By this measure, the atomization of the fuel in the combustion chamber can be improved.
  • each nozzle channel 4 is designed free of edges and corners. Since edges and corners in the flow are particularly high risk of unwanted cavitation and erosion, such edges and corners are preferably avoided. Therefore, it is advantageous if the nozzle channel 4 as in Fig. 3 is designed arcuate or curved, so that the fuel can be as optimally deflected from the axial direction A in the desired direction of injection.
  • nozzle channels 4 which have a curved portion, wherein the curvatures of the two nozzle channels 4 are different in the curved region. This is in Fig. 3 indicated by the two arrows with the reference numerals r 1 and r 2 .
  • the entire nozzle head is manufactured by means of an additive machining process.
  • no insert 6 is provided, but the nozzle head 1 is constructed overall in additive or additive manufacturing. Otherwise, the preceding explanations apply analogously to the same manner for the embodiment without insert 6.
EP17176230.5A 2016-07-07 2017-06-15 Tète de buse d'injecteur de gros moteur diesel et son procédé de production Withdrawn EP3267027A1 (fr)

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EP (1) EP3267027A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2018003839A (fr)
KR (1) KR20180006292A (fr)
CN (1) CN107587965A (fr)

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CN110814343A (zh) * 2019-11-14 2020-02-21 长安大学 一种柴油发动机喷油器及喷嘴的制造工艺

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WO1992019859A1 (fr) * 1991-05-09 1992-11-12 Lucas Industries Public Limited Company Injecteur de carburant
EP1566539A1 (fr) * 2004-02-23 2005-08-24 Wärtsilä Schweiz AG Injecteur de carburant
DE102012006167A1 (de) * 2012-03-28 2013-10-02 L'orange Gmbh Düsenbaugruppe für einen Injektor

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