EP3263749A1 - Gazon artificiel présentant un meilleur ancrage - Google Patents

Gazon artificiel présentant un meilleur ancrage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3263749A1
EP3263749A1 EP16382313.1A EP16382313A EP3263749A1 EP 3263749 A1 EP3263749 A1 EP 3263749A1 EP 16382313 A EP16382313 A EP 16382313A EP 3263749 A1 EP3263749 A1 EP 3263749A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
propylene
functionalized
artificial turf
based polymer
filament
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16382313.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Barbara Bonavoglia
David LÓPEZ
Ronald Wevers
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Dow Global Technologies LLC
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Dow Global Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dow Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Dow Global Technologies LLC
Priority to EP16382313.1A priority Critical patent/EP3263749A1/fr
Priority to PCT/US2016/059092 priority patent/WO2018004722A1/fr
Priority to JP2018565767A priority patent/JP6920356B2/ja
Priority to US16/309,007 priority patent/US20190309487A1/en
Priority to EP16794154.1A priority patent/EP3478880B1/fr
Priority to BR112018075331-9A priority patent/BR112018075331B1/pt
Priority to ES16794154T priority patent/ES2867202T3/es
Priority to CN201680086664.1A priority patent/CN109477249B/zh
Priority to KR1020197001778A priority patent/KR20190025629A/ko
Priority to ARP170101823A priority patent/AR108931A1/es
Publication of EP3263749A1 publication Critical patent/EP3263749A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
    • D06N7/0065—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by the pile
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
    • D01F6/46—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyolefins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
    • D06M11/09—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with free halogens or interhalogen compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/20—Polyalkenes, polymers or copolymers of compounds with alkenyl groups bonded to aromatic groups
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/32—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/34—Polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
    • D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • D06N2201/0254—Polyolefin fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/20—Industrial for civil engineering, e.g. geotextiles
    • D10B2505/202—Artificial grass
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2201/00—Paving elements
    • E01C2201/10—Paving elements having build-in shock absorbing devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2201/00—Paving elements
    • E01C2201/20—Drainage details
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23993—Composition of pile or adhesive

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to artificial turf filaments, articles incorporating artificial turf filaments, and their manufacture.
  • Synthetic or artificial turfs are increasingly being used as an alternative to natural grass turf for use on sport athletic fields, playgrounds, landscaping, and in other leisure applications.
  • turf yarns may be extruded, and then tufted through a primary backing.
  • a secondary backing may be applied to "glue" the turf yarn to the primary backing.
  • the yarn and backing are subjected to continuous stresses.
  • the durability of the artificial turf depends in large part on the adhesion between the yarn and the backing. For example, if the adhesion between the yarn and the backing are poor, the yarn filaments are pulled off the backing as a result of the stresses, which may leave areas of the artificial turf without yarn.
  • the stretched filaments comprise a blend of at least one functionalized polymer and a non-functionalized polyolefin.
  • the functionalized polymer is a propylene-based polymer having one or more functional groups grafted thereon and having a Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) melting point from 100 °C to 130 °C.
  • the one or more functional groups are selected from the group consisting of amine groups and imide groups.
  • the stretched filament When the stretched filament is stretched to a stretch ratio of 5, the stretched filament has a tenacity greater than 0.90 cN/dtex.
  • Various embodiments described herein exhibit improved adhesion between the stretched filament and the polyurethane backing, as will be described in greater detail hereinbelow. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the functionalized polymer enhances the polarity, thus increasing the adhesion of the filament to the polyurethane backing.
  • the artificial turfs comprise a primary backing, a secondary backing, and at least one stretched filament.
  • the stretched filaments comprise a blend of at least one functionalized polymer and a non-functionalized polyolefin.
  • the functionalized polymer is a propylene-based polymer having one or more functional groups grafted thereon and having a DSC melting point from 100 °C to 130 °C.
  • the one or more functional groups is selected from the group consisting of amine groups and imide groups.
  • filament refers to monofilaments, multifilaments, extruded films, fibers, yarns, such as, for example, tape yarns, fibrillated tape yarn, slit-film yarn, continuous ribbon, and/or other fibrous materials used to form synthetic grass blades or strands of an artificial turf field.
  • the artificial turf filaments described herein comprise at least one functionalized polymer and a non-functionalized polyolefin.
  • the functionalized polymer is a propylene-based polymer having one or more functional groups grafted thereon.
  • the functional groups may be, for example, an amine group or an imide group.
  • the functionalized polymer has a DSC melting point from 100 °C to 130 °C. When the artificial turf filament is stretched to a stretch ratio of 5, the artificial turf filament has a tenacity of greater than 0.9 cN/dtex.
  • the non-functionalized polyolefin may include, by way of example and not limitation, non-functionalized ethylene- or propylene-based polymers.
  • non-functionalized polyolefin refers to a polyolefin that is free of grafted moieties.
  • ethylene-based polymer refers to a polymer that contains more than 50 weight percent polymerized ethylene monomer (based on the total amount of polymerizable monomers) and, optionally, may contain at least one comonomer.
  • the comonomer content may be measured using any suitable technique, such as techniques based on nuclear magnetic resonance ("NMR") spectroscopy, and, for example, by 13 C NMR analysis as described in U.S. Patent 7,498,282 , which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
  • Suitable ethylene-based polymers may include ethylene homopolymers, copolymers of ethylene and at least one comonomer, and blends thereof.
  • copolymer includes polymers made up of two or more different monomers, including trimers, tetramers, and the like.
  • the ethylene-based polymer comprises greater than 50 wt.% of the units derived from ethylene and less than 30 wt.% of the units derived from one or more alpha-olefin comonomers.
  • the ethylene-based polymer comprises (a) greater than or equal to 55%, for example, greater than or equal to 60%, greater than or equal to 65%, greater than or equal to 70%, greater than or equal to 75%, greater than or equal to 80%, greater than or equal to 85%, greater than or equal to 90%, greater than or equal to 92%, greater than or equal to 95%, greater than or equal to 97%, greater than or equal to 98%, greater than or equal to 99%, greater than or equal to 99.5%, from greater than 50% to 99%, from greater than 50% to 97%, from greater than 50% to 94%, from greater than 50% to 90%, from 70% to 99.5%, from 70% to 99%, from 70% to 97% from 70% to 94%, from 80% to 99.5%, from 80% to 99%, from 80% to 97%, from 80% to 94%, from 80% to 90%, from 85% to 99.5%, from 85% to 99%, from 85% to 97%, from 88% to 99.9%, 88% to 99.7%
  • Suitable comonomers may include alpha-olefin comonomers, typically having no more than 20 carbon atoms.
  • the one or more alpha-olefins may be selected from the group consisting of C 3 -C 20 acetylenically unsaturated monomers and C 4 -C 18 diolefins.
  • the selected monomers are desirably those that do not destroy conventional Ziegler-Natta catalysts.
  • the alpha-olefin comonomers may have 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • Exemplary alpha-olefin comonomers include, but are not limited to, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, and 4-methyl-1-pentene.
  • the one or more alpha-olefin comonomers may, for example, be selected from the group consisting of propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene; or in the alternative, from the group consisting of 1-butene, 1-hexene and 1-octene.
  • the ethylene-based polymer comprises greater than 0 wt.% and less than 30 wt.% of units derived from one or more of octene, hexene, or butene comonomers.
  • the ethylene-based polymer may be made according to any suitable polymerization process, including but not limited to solution, slurry, or gas phase polymerization processes in the presence of a metallocene, constrained geometry catalyst systems, Ziegler-Natta catalysts, or bisphenyl phenol catalyst systems.
  • the solution, slurry, or gas phase polymerization may occur in a single reactor, or alternatively, in a dual reactor system wherein the same product is produced in each of the dual reactors.
  • Information on preparation and use of the multi-metal catalysts are found in commonly owned, copending U.S. Application No. 14/116070 , the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the ethylene-based polymer may be further characterized by one or more of the following properties: melt flow rate (MFR or I 2 ), melt flow ratio (I 10 /I 2 ), or density, as previously described herein.
  • melt flow rate MFR/I 2
  • melt flow ratio I 10 /I 2
  • density density
  • ethylene-based polymers characterized by melt flow rate (MFR/I 2 ), melt flow ratio (I 10 /I 2 ), or density may be particularly well suited for blending with other filament components and/or extruding.
  • polymers with a melt index outside of a particular range may present difficulties in obtaining a homogeneous blend for extrusion.
  • Suitable polymers may include, for example, high density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE), homogeneously branched linear ethylene polymers, and homogeneously branched substantially linear ethylene polymers (that is, homogeneously branched long chain branched ethylene polymers).
  • the ethylene-based polymer is an LLDPE.
  • the LLDPE may include, in polymerized form, a majority weight percent of ethylene based on the total weight of the LLDPE.
  • the LLDPE is a copolymer of ethylene and at least one ethylenically unsaturated comonomer.
  • the comonomer is a C 3 -C 20 ⁇ -olefin. In another embodiment, the comonomer is a C 3 -C 8 ⁇ -olefin. In another embodiment, the C 3 -C 8 ⁇ -olefin is selected from propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene. In an embodiment, the LLDPE is selected from the following copolymers: ethylene/propylene copolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/octene copolymer. In a further embodiment, the LLDPE is an ethylene/octene copolymer.
  • ethylene-based copolymers include those sold under the trade names ATTANETM, AFFINITYTM, DOWLEXTM, ELITETM, ELITETM AT, and INNATETM all available from The Dow Chemical Company (Midland, MI); LUMICENE® available from Total SA; and EXCEEDTM and EXACTTM available from Exxon Chemical Company.
  • the ethylene-based polymer may have a density of 0.900 g/cc to 0.950 g/cc. All individual values and subranges of at least 0.900 g/cc to 0.950 g/cc are included and disclosed herein.
  • the polyethylene has a density of 0.900 to 0.945 g/cc, 0.900 to 0.940 g/cc, 0.900 to 0.935 g/cc, 0.910 g/cc to 0.945 g/cc, 0.910 to 0.940 g/cc, 0.910 to 0.935 g/cc, 0.910 to 0.930 g/cc, 0.915 to 0.940 g/cc, 0.915 to 0.923 g/cc, or 0.920 g/cc to 0.935 g/cc.
  • Density may be measured in accordance with ASTM D792.
  • the ethylene-based polymer may have a melt flow rate (MFR), I 2 , measured at 190 °C and 2.16 kg of 0.1 g/10 min to 10 g/10 min. All individual values and subranges of at least 0.1 g/10 min to 10 g/10 min are included and disclosed herein.
  • MFR melt flow rate
  • the ethylene-based polymer may have a melt flow rate (MFR), I 2 , of 0.1 g/10 min to 9.5 g/10 min, 0.1 g/10 min to 9.0 g/10 min, 0.1 g/10 min to 5 g/10 min, 0.5 g/10 min to 6 g/10 min, 1 g/10 min to 5 g/10 min, 1.5 g/10 min to 4.5 g/10 min, or 2 g/10 min to 4 g/10 min.
  • the ethylene-based polymer may have a melt flow rate (MFR), I 2 , of 0.7 g/10 min to 9.5 g/10 min, 0.7 g/10 min to 8 g/10 min, or 0.7 g/10 min to 5 g/10 min.
  • Melt flow rate (MFR), I 2 may be measured in accordance with ASTM D1238 (190 °C and 2.16 kg).
  • the ethylene-based polymer may have a melt flow ratio, I 10 /I 2 , of less than 14. All individual values and subranges of less than 14 are included and disclosed herein.
  • the ethylene-based polymer may have a melt flow ratio, I 10 /I 2 , of less than 13.5, 13, 12.5, 10, or even 7.5.
  • the ethylene-based polymer may have a melt flow ratio, I 10 /I 2 , of from 1.0 to 14, 2 to 14, 4 to 14, 5 to 14, 5.5 to 14, 6 to 14, 5 to 13.5, 5 to 13, 5 to 12.5, 5 to 12, 5 to 11.5, 5 to 11, 5.5 to 13.5, 5.5 to 13, 5.5 to 12.5, 5.5 to 12, 5.5 to 11.5, 5.5 to 11, 6 to 13.5, 6 to 13, 6 to 12.5, 6 to 12, 6 to 11.5, or 6 to 11.
  • Melt index, I 10 may be measured in accordance with ASTM D1238 (190 °C and 10.0 kg).
  • the non-functionalized polyolefin include propylene-based polymers.
  • propylene-based polymer refers to a polymer that contains more than 50 weight percent polymerized propylene monomer (based on the total amount of polymerizable monomers) and, optionally, may contain at least one comonomer.
  • Suitable propylene-based polymers may include propylene homopolymers, copolymers of propylene and at least one comonomer, and blends thereof.
  • the propylene-based polymer comprises greater than 50 wt.% of the units derived from propylene and less than 30 wt.% of the units derived from one or more alpha-olefin comonomers.
  • the propylene-based polymer comprises (a) greater than or equal to 55%, for example, greater than or equal to 60%, greater than or equal to 65%, greater than or equal to 70%, greater than or equal to 75%, greater than or equal to 80%, greater than or equal to 85%, greater than or equal to 90%, greater than or equal to 92%, greater than or equal to 95%, greater than or equal to 97%, greater than or equal to 98%, greater than or equal to 99%, greater than or equal to 99.5%, from greater than 50% to 99%, from greater than 50% to 97%, from greater than 50% to 94%, from greater than 50% to 90%, from 70% to 99.5%, from 70% to 99%, from 70% to 97% from 70% to 94%, from 80% to 99.5%,
  • Suitable comonomers may include ethylene or alpha-olefin comonomers, typically having no more than 20 carbon atoms.
  • the one or more alpha-olefins may be selected from the group consisting of C 4 -C 20 acetylenically unsaturated monomers and C 4 -C 18 diolefins.
  • the selected monomers are desirably those that do not destroy conventional Ziegler-Natta catalysts.
  • the alpha-olefin comonomers may have 2 carbon atoms, 4 to 20 carbon atoms, or 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • Exemplary alpha-olefin comonomers include, but are not limited to, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, and 4-methyl-1-pentene.
  • the one or more alpha-olefin comonomers may, for example, be selected from the group consisting of 1-butene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene.
  • the propylene-based polymer comprises greater than 0 wt.% and less than 30 wt.% of units derived from one or more of octene, hexene, or butene comonomers.
  • the propylene-based polymer may be made according to any suitable polymerization process, including but not limited to solution, slurry, or gas phase processes in the presence of a metallocene, constrained geometry catalyst systems, Ziegler-Natta catalysts, or bisphenyl phenol catalyst systems.
  • the solution, slurry, or gas phase polymerization may occur in a single reactor, or alternatively, in a dual reactor system wherein the same product is produced in each of the dual reactors.
  • Information on preparation and use of the multi-metal catalysts are found in commonly owned, copending U.S. Application No. 14/116070 , the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the propylene-based polymer may be further characterized by one or more of the following properties: melt flow rate (MFR), melt flow ratio (I 10 /I 2 ), or density, as previously described herein.
  • the propylene based polymer may have a density of from about 0.890 g/cc to about 0.910 g/cc to 0.950 g/cc. All individual values and subranges of at least 0.890 g/cc to 0.950 g/cc are included and disclosed herein.
  • the polyethylene has a density of 0.890 to 0.905 g/cc, 0.890 to 0.900 g/cc, 0.890 to 0.895 g/cc, 0.895 g/cc to 0.910 g/cc, 0.900 to 0.910 g/cc, or 0.905 to 0.910 g/cc. Density may be measured in accordance with ASTM D792.
  • the propylene-based polymer may have a melt flow rate, MFR, of 0.5 g/10 min to 25 g/10 min when measured at 230 °C and 2.16 kg. All individual values and subranges of at least 0.5 g/10 min to 25 g/10 min are included and disclosed herein.
  • the propylene-based polymer may have a melt flow rate, MFR, of 0.5 g/10 min to 22.5 g/10 min, 0.5 g/10 min to 20 g/10 min, 0.5 g/10 min to 15 g/10 min, 0.5 g/10 min to 10 g/10 min, 1 g/10 min to 10 g/10 min, 1.5 g/10 min to 10 g/10 min, or 3 g/10 min to 10 g/10 min.
  • the propylene-based polymer may have a melt flow rate of 2.0 g/10 min to 4.0 g/10 min when measured at 230 °C and 2.16 kg. Melt flow rate, MFR, may be measured in accordance with ASTM D 1238 (230 °C and 2.16 kg).
  • the propylene-based polymer may have a melt flow ratio, I 10 /I 2 , of less than 10. All individual values and subranges of less than 10 are included and disclosed herein.
  • the propylene-based polymer may have a melt flow ratio, I 10 /I 2 , of less than 10, 9, or even 7.
  • the propylene-based polymer may have a melt flow ratio, I 10 /I 2 , of from 1.0 to 10, 2 to 9, or 3 to 7.
  • the artificial turf filaments described herein further include at least one functionalized polymer.
  • the functionalized polymer is a propylene-based polymer having one or more functional groups grafted thereon.
  • the at least one functionalized polymer is a polymer formed from a propylene and at least one organic compound selected from an "amine-containing compound” or an "imide-containing compound.”
  • amine-containing compound refers to a chemical compound comprising at least one amine group.
  • the term “imide-containing compound” refers to a chemical compound comprising at least one imide group.
  • the at least one functionalized propylene-based polymer is a propylene/ethylene copolymer or a propylene/alpha-olefin copolymer.
  • the propylene-base polymer is a propylene/alpha-olefin copolymer wherein the alpha-olefin is a C 4 -C 20 alpha-olefin, or a C 4 -C 10 alpha-olefin.
  • the alpha-olefin is selected from the group consisting of 1-butene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene.
  • the propylene/alpha-olefin copolymer has a density from 0.850 g/cc to 0.930 g/cc. In another embodiment, the propylene/alpha-olefin copolymer has a density from 0.870 g/cc to 0.930 g/cc. In another embodiment, the propylene/alpha-olefin copolymer has a melt flow rate MFR (I 2 ), measured at 230 °C and 2.16 kg, from 1 g/10 min to 20 g/10 min.
  • MFR melt flow rate
  • the propylene-based polymer is a propylene/ethylene copolymer.
  • the propylene/ethylene copolymer has a density from 0.850 g/cc to 0.930 g/cc, or from 0.870 g/cc to 0.930 g/cc.
  • the propylene/ethylene copolymer has a melt flow rate MFR (I 2 ), measured at 230 °C and 2.16 kg, from 1 g/10 min to 20 g/10 min.
  • the propylene/ethylene copolymer has an ethylene content of less than about 5 wt.%.
  • the propylene/ethylene copolymer has an ethylene content of less than about 4 wt.%.
  • the propylene/ethylene copolymer may have an ethylene content of greater than about 0 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, including all individual values and subranges from greater than about 0 wt.% to about 5 wt.%.
  • the at least one functionalized propylene-based polymer has a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) melting point from about 100 °C to about 130 °C or from about 110 °C to about 120 °C.
  • the functionalized propylene-based polymer of various embodiments has a percent crystallinity of less than or equal to 30%, or less than or equal to 25%, or less than or equal to 22.5%, as measured by DSC.
  • the functionalized propylene-based polymer has a percent crystallinity of from about 10% to about 30%, as measured by DSC, including all individual values and subranges from 10 % to 30%.
  • Suitable propylene-based polymers may include, by way of example and not limitation, VERSIFYTM 3000, commercially available from The Dow Chemical Company (Midland, MI).
  • the at least one functionalized propylene-based polymer is formed by grafting an "amine-reactive" group onto a propylene-based polymer to form a grafted propylene-based polymer and then reacting the grafted propylene-based polymer with an "amine-containing compound” or "imide-containing compound.”
  • the at least one functionalized propylene-based polymer is formed from a process comprising the following steps: 1) grafting onto the backbone of a propylene-based polymer at least one compound comprising at least one "amine-reactive" group to form a grafted propylene-based polymer; 2) reacting a primary-secondary diamine with the grafted propylene-based polymer; and 3) wherein step 2) takes place subsequent to step 1), without the isolation of the grafted propylene-based polymer (i.e., removal of the grafted propylene-based polymer from the solution containing the compound containing the amine-reactive group and the propylene-based polymer), and wherein both steps take place in a melt reaction.
  • amine-reactive group refers to a chemical group or chemical moiety that can react with an amine group.
  • Amine-reactive groups include, but are not limited to, maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate.
  • primary-secondary diamine refers to a diamine made up of a primary amine and a secondary amine.
  • Suitable primary-secondary diamines include compounds of structure (I): H 2 N-R 1 -NH-R 2 (I).
  • R 1 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical, and preferably a linear hydrocarbon of the formula -(CH 2 ) n -, where n is greater than, or equal to, 2, n is from 2 to 10, from 2 to 8, or even from 2 to 6.
  • R 2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing at least 2 carbon atoms, and optionally may be substituted with a heteroatom containing group, such as OH or SH.
  • R 2 a linear hydrocarbon of the formula -(CH 2 ) n CH 3 , where n is from 1 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 1 to 7, or even from 1 to 5.
  • the primary-secondary diamine is selected from the group consisting N-ethylethylenediamine, N-phenylethylenediamine, N-phenyl-1,2-phenylene-diamine, N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)- ethylenediamine.
  • the at least one functionalized propylene-based polymer comprises the following functional group covalently bonded to the propylene-based polymer backbone: wherein "NR 1 NHR 2 " may be derived from a primary-secondary diamine selected from the group of compounds of structure (I) below: H 2 N-R 1 -NH-R 2 (I), wherein R 1 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical selected from the group consisting of alkylene or phenylene, such as, by way of example and not limitation, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -para-phenylene-, or ortho-phenylene-, and R 2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing at least 2 carbon atoms, and optionally may be substituted with a heteroatom containing group, such as an alkyl or aryl group.
  • the alkyl or aryl group is an ethyl or a phenyl group.
  • the at least one functionalized propylene-based polymer is formed from a process comprising the following steps: 1) functionalizing the propylene-based polymer with at least one compound comprising at least one "amine-reactive" group to form a grafted propylene-based polymer; 2) blending the grafted propylene-based polymer, in a solid, non-molten form, with at least one primary-secondary diamine; 3) imbibing the primary-secondary diamine into the grafted propylene-based polymer; 4) reacting the primary-secondary diamine with the grafted propylene-based polymer to form an imide functionalized propylene-based polymer.
  • a polyolefin is first functionalized with a group reactive with amine functionality, such as an anhydride group. At least one diamine is mixed with the functionalized polyolefin at a temperature below the melting point of the polyolefin. In some embodiments, the temperature is room temperature, although other temperatures are contemplated. The diamine is allowed to absorb or imbibe into the polyolefin, and reacts with diamine reactive group to form a succinamic acid.
  • the reaction of the diamine with the diamine reactive functional group to form the imide ring can then be completed by subjecting the mixture to a thermal treatment, such as in a melt extrusion process.
  • a thermal treatment such as in a melt extrusion process.
  • the imbibing process helps to ensure that the diamine is thoroughly mixed with the polyolefin for an efficient functionalization reaction.
  • the at least one functionalized propylene-based polymer is formed from a process comprising the following steps: 1) grafting onto the backbone of a propylene-based polymer at least one compound comprising at least one "amine-reactive" group to form a grafted propylene-based polymer; 2) reacting a alkanolamine with the grafted propylene-based polymer; and wherein step 2) takes place subsequent to step 1), without the isolation of the grafted propylene-based polymer, and wherein both steps 1) and 2) take place in a melt reaction.
  • the alkanolamine is selected from the group consisting of 2-aminoethanol, 2-amino-1-propanol, 3-amino-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)-ethanol and 2-aminobenzyl alcohol.
  • the polypropylene-based polymer has a graft level of from about 0.1 wt.% to about 3.0 wt.%, depending on the particular polyproylene-based polymer employed.
  • the graft level may be determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).
  • FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
  • the artificial turf filaments include from about 1 wt.% to about 30 wt.% of the functionalized polymer, including all individual values and subranges from 1 wt.% to 30 wt.%. Such individual values and subranges are disclosed herein.
  • the artificial turf filaments include from about 1 wt.% to about 20 wt.% of the functionalized polymer.
  • the artificial turf filaments include from about 5 wt.% to about 20 wt.% of the functionalized polymer.
  • the artificial turf filaments include from about 68 wt.% to about 99 wt.% of the non-functionalized polyolefin, including all individual values and subranges from 68 wt.% to 99 wt.%. In other embodiments, the artificial turf filaments include from about 75 wt.% to about 99 wt.% of the non-functionalized polyolefin, from about 80 wt.% to about 99 wt.% of the non-functionalized polyolefin, or even from about 85 wt.% to about 99 wt.% of the non-functionalized polyolefin.
  • the artificial turf filaments may further include one or more additives.
  • suitable additives include antioxidants, pigments, colorants, UV stabilizers, UV absorbers, curing agents, cross linking co-agents, boosters and retardants, processing aids, fillers, coupling agents, ultraviolet absorbers or stabilizers, antistatic agents, nucleating agents, slip agents, plasticizers, lubricants, viscosity control agents, tackifiers, antiblocking agents, surfactants, extender oils, acid scavengers, and metal deactivators.
  • colorant such as Sicolen® green 85-125345 (available from BASF) may be added in an amount of less than about 10 wt.%, less than about 8 wt.%, less than about 6 wt.%, or even less than about 4 wt.%.
  • a processing aid such as ARX-741 (available from Argus) may be added in an amount of less than about 2 wt.%, less than about 1.5 wt.%, or even less than about 1 wt.%.
  • Additives can be used in amounts ranging from less than about 0.01 wt.% to more than about 10 wt.% based on the weight of the composition.
  • the artificial turf filament when the artificial turf filament is stretched to a stretch ratio of 5, the artificial turf filament has a tenacity greater than 0.90 cN/dtex or from about 0.9 cN/dtex to about 1.5 cN/dtex. Tenacity is defined as the tensile force at break divided by the linear weight (dtex).
  • the linear weight (in dtex) of a monofilament is equal to the weight of weighing 50 meters of the monofilament.
  • the artificial turf filament may exhibit an elongation of at least 55% or at least 60%. In embodiments, the artificial turf filament may exhibit an elongation of from about 30% to about 150%, from about 90% to about 110%, or from about 95% to about 105%.
  • Elongation which is the strain at break, is measured according to ISO 188/ASTM E145 on a Zwick tensile tester on a filament length of 250 mm and extension rate of 250 mm/minute until the filament breaks.
  • the tenacity and elongation values may impact the durability of the filaments and, thus, the artificial turf made therefrom.
  • the artificial turf filaments may exhibit a shrinkage of less than 20%. Because the artificial turf filaments exhibit low shrinkage, shorter filaments may be used to maintain the final desired yarn length of the artificial turf. All individual values and subranges of less than 20% are included and disclosed herein. For example, in some embodiments, the artificial turf filaments may exhibit a shrinkage lower than 19%, lower than 18%, lower than 15% or lower than 14%. The shrinkage may be determined by submerging 1 meter of yarn in a heated oil bath at 90 °C for 20 seconds.
  • the artificial turf filaments described herein may be made using any appropriate process for the production of artificial turf filament from polymer compositions as the artificial turf filaments described herein are process independent.
  • a method of manufacturing an artificial turf filament comprises providing a blend of a non-functionalized polyolefin and a functionalized propylene-based polymer as previously described herein, and extruding the blend of the non-functionalized polyolefin and the functionalized propylene-based polymer into an artificial turf filament.
  • the artificial turf filament may be extruded to a specified width, thickness, and/or cross-sectional shape depending on the physical dimensions of the extruder.
  • the artificial turf filament can include a monofilament, a multifilament, a film, a fiber, a yarn, such as, for example, tape yarn, fibrillated tape yarn, or slit-film yarn, a continuous ribbon, and/or other fibrous materials used to form synthetic grass blades or strands of an artificial turf field.
  • artificial turf filaments are made by extrusion.
  • the non-functionalized polyolefin and the functionalized propylene-based polymer may be blended together along with any additives to form an extrusion mixture.
  • Suitable artificial turf filament extruders may be equipped with a single polyethylene/polypropylene general purpose screw and a melt pump ("gear pump” or “melt pump”) to precisely control the consistency of polymer volume flow into the die 105, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B .
  • Artificial turf filament dies 105 may have multiple single holes for the individual filaments distributed over a circular or rectangular spinplate. The shape of the holes corresponds to the desired filament cross-section profile, including for example, rectangular, dog-bone, and v-shaped.
  • a standard spinplate has 50 to 160 die holes of specific dimensions. Lines can have output rates from 150 kg/h to 350 kg/h.
  • the artificial turf filaments 110 may be extruded into a water bath 115 with a die-to-water bath distance of from 16 to 40 mm. Coated guiding bars in the water redirect the filaments 110 towards the first takeoff set of rollers 120.
  • the linear speed of this first takeoff set of rollers 120 may vary from 15 to 70 m/min.
  • the first takeoff set of rollers 120 can be heated and used to preheat the filaments 110 after the waterbath 115 and before entering the stretching oven 125.
  • the stretching oven 125 may be a heated air or water bath oven.
  • the filaments 110 may be stretched in the stretching oven 125 to a predetermined stretched ratio. In some equipment configurations, the stretching oven 125 is replaced by one or more heated godets 300-310, as shown in FIG.
  • the stretch ratio is at least 4. In other embodiments, the stretch ratio is at least 4.5, 4.8, 5.0, 5.2, or 5.5.
  • the stretching ratio is the ratio between the speed of the second takeoff set of rollers 130 after the stretching oven and the speed of the first takeoff set of rollers 120 before the stretching oven (V2/V1 as shown in FIG. 1A ).
  • the second takeoff set of rollers 120 may be run at a different (higher or lower) speed than the first set of rollers 130.
  • the stretching ratio is the ratio between the speed of the godet 310 and the speed of the godet 300.
  • the filaments 110 are passed over the second takeoff set of rollers 130, they are then drawn through a set of three annealing ovens 135, 140, and 145.
  • the three annealing ovens 135, 140, and 145 may be either a hot air oven with co- or countercurrent hot air flow, which can be operated from 50 °C to 150 °C or a hot water-oven, wherein the filaments 110 are oriented at temperatures from 50 °C to 98 °C.
  • the filaments 110 are passed onto a third set of rollers 150 that may be run at a different (higher or lower) speed than the second set of rollers 130.
  • the linear velocity ratio of the third set of rollers 150 located after the oven to the second set of rollers 130 located in front of the oven may be referred to as either a stretching or relaxation ratio.
  • the filaments 110 are passed onto a fourth set of rollers 155 that may be run at a different
  • the filaments 110 are passed onto a fifth set of rollers 160 that may be run at a different (higher or lower) speed than the fourth set of rollers 155.
  • the annealing ovens 135, 140, and 145 may be replaced with heated godets 320 and 330, as depicted in FIG. 1B .
  • the artificial turf filament may optionally undergo further post-extrusion processing (e.g., annealing, cutting, etc.).
  • the artificial turf field 200 comprises a primary backing 205 having a top side 210 and a bottom side 215; and at least one artificial turf filament 220 as previously described herein.
  • the at least one artificial turf filament 220 is affixed to the primary backing 205 such that the at least one artificial turf filament 220 provides a tufted face 225 extending outwardly from the top side 210 of the primary backing 205.
  • affix includes, but is not limited to, coupling, attaching, connecting, fastening, joining, linking or securing one object to another object through a direct or indirect relationship.
  • the tufted face 225 extends from the top side 210 of the primary backing 205, and can have a cut pile design, where the artificial turf filament loops may be cut, either during tufting or after, to produce a pile of single artificial turf filament ends instead of loops.
  • the primary backing 205 can include, but is not limited to, woven, knitted, or nonwoven fibrous webs or fabrics made of one or more natural or synthetic fibers or yams, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamides, polyesters, and rayon.
  • the artificial turf field 200 may further comprise a secondary backing 230 bonded to at least a portion of the bottom side 215 of the primary backing 205 such that the at least one artificial turf filament 220 is affixed in place to the bottom side 215 of the primary backing 205.
  • the secondary backing 230 may comprise polyurethane (including, for example, polyurethane supplied under the name ENFORCERTM or ENHANCERTM available from The Dow Chemical Company (Midland, MI)) or latex-based materials, such as, styrene-butadiene latex, or acrylates.
  • polyurethane including, for example, polyurethane supplied under the name ENFORCERTM or ENHANCERTM available from The Dow Chemical Company (Midland, MI)
  • latex-based materials such as, styrene-butadiene latex, or acrylates.
  • the primary backing 205 and/or secondary backing 230 may have apertures through which moisture can pass.
  • the apertures may be generally annular in configuration and are spread throughout the primary backing 205 and/or secondary backing 230.
  • there may be any number of apertures, and the size, shape and location of the apertures may vary depending on the desired features of the artificial turf field 200.
  • the artificial turf field 200 may be manufactured by providing at least one artificial turf filament 220 as described herein and affixing the at least one artificial turf filament 220 to a primary backing 205 such that that at least one artificial turf filament 220 provides a tufted face 225 extending outwardly from a top side 210 of the primary backing 205.
  • the artificial turf field 200 may further be manufactured by bonding a secondary backing 230 to at least a portion of the bottom side 215 of the primary backing 205 such that the at least one artificial turf filament 220 is affixed in place to the bottom side 215 of the primary backing 205.
  • the artificial turf field 200 may optionally comprise a shock absorption layer underneath the secondary backing 230 of the artificial turf field.
  • the shock absorption layer (not shown) can be made from polyurethane, PVC foam plastic or polyurethane foam plastic, a rubber, a closed-cell crosslinked polyethylene foam, a polyurethane underpad having voids, elastomer foams of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polyurethane, and polypropylene.
  • Non-limiting examples of a shock absorption layer are DOW® ENFORCERTM Sport Polyurethane Systems, and DOW® ENHANCERTM Sport Polyurethane Systems, both available from The Dow Chemical Company (Midland, MI).
  • the artificial turf field 200 may optionally comprise an infill material.
  • suitable infill materials include, but are not limited to, mixtures of granulated rubber particles like SBR (styrene butadiene rubber) recycled from car tires, EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer), other vulcanized rubbers or rubber recycled from belts, thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) and thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs).
  • the artificial turf field 200 may optionally comprise a drainage system.
  • the drainage system allows water to be removed from the artificial turf field and prevents the field from becoming saturated with water.
  • Nonlimiting examples of drainage systems include stone-based drainage systems, EXCELDRAINTM Sheet 100, EXCELDRAINTM Sheet 200, AND EXCELDRAINTM EX-T STRIP (available from American Wick Drain Corp., Monroe, N.C.).
  • Density is measured according to ASTM D792.
  • Melt flow rate (MFR), or I 2 , is measured according to ASTM D1238.
  • MFR is measured at 190 °C and 2.16 kg.
  • MFR is measured at 230 °C and 2.16 kg.
  • Melt index, or I 10 is measured in accordance with ASTM D1238 at 190 °C and 10 kg.
  • the basis weight of filaments is typically reported in the industry by the dtex value.
  • the dtex of a monofilament is equal to the weight in grams of 10 km of the monofilament.
  • the tensile strength of filaments is measured on according to ISO 527.
  • Elongation was measured according to ISO 527.
  • the shrinkage of a monofilament (expressed as the percentage reduction in length of a 1 meter sample of the monofilament) is measured by immersing the monofilament for 20 seconds in a bath of silicon oil maintained at 90 °C. Shrinkage is then calculated as: (length before - length after)/length before *100%.
  • Tenacity is determined using a Zwick tensile tester, operating on a 260 mm length of the monofilament, and using an extension speed of 250 mm/minute until the filament breaks.
  • the tenacity (in cN/dtex) is the tensile stress (in cN) at break divided by the linear weight (in dtex).
  • the linear weight (in dtex) of a monofilament is equal to the weight of weighing 50 meters of the monofilament.
  • a functionalized polymer was prepared and used to prepare a blend including the functionalized polymer and a non-functionalized polyolefin.
  • the blend was also used to prepare artificial turf filaments. Testing was carried out on the artificial turf filaments.
  • An imidized polypropylene resin was produced by a two-step process. First, a polypropylene-based polymer was grafted with maleic anhydride (MAH). The MAH-grafted polymer was then further reacted with a diamine. A schematic of the reaction using N-ethylethylendiamine is shown below:
  • the grafting experiments were completed on a Coperion 25mm twin-screw reactive extrusion line.
  • the reactive extrusion line had 12 barrel sections and 9 temperature zones.
  • Maleic anhydride was dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) solvent, at 50 wt.% maleic anhydride, based on the weight of the solution.
  • MEK methyl ethyl ketone
  • the maleic anhydride was added to the MEK in a flask and stirred overnight with a magnetic stirrer bar.
  • the MEK solvent, maleic anydride, and peroxide were injected in Barrel #4 (temperature zone 3) of the extruder.
  • the liquid pump system was an ISCO D1000 positive displacement pump, commercially available as Alltech HPLC pump, model 627.
  • VERSIFYTM 3000 propylene-ethylene copolymer with 3.5 wt% ethylene content available from The Dow Chemical Company (Midland, MI) was added into the extruder using a K-Tron model KCLKT20 twin-screw, loss-in-weight feeder. The feed rate was 15 lb/h at the fixed 200 rpm screw speed.
  • the imidization step was performed using N-ethylethylenediamine (DEDA, CAS 110-72-5).
  • DEDA N-ethylethylenediamine
  • the reaction was run in excess of DEDA to minimize the risk of cross-linking and push the conversion of the reaction to completion.
  • Samples were prepared using a 2.5 : 1 molar ratio of primary amine to MAH content.
  • the amount of grafting was determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).
  • FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
  • 2 g of the grafted polymer was dissolved in 150 mL toluene. The mixture was heated and stirred until all of the grafted polymer was in solution. The solution was cooled for 10 minutes, and 100 mL of cold methane was added to form a precipitate. The solution was suctioned through #2 qualitative filter paper to collect the precipitate. The precipitate was dried in a forced air oven for 1 hour at 100 °C, then pressed into a film. The film was then processed using an FTIR spectrometer.
  • Non-functionalized VERSIFYTM 3000 was used for the comparative polymer.
  • Table 1 provides selected properties of the functionalized propylene-based polymer and comparative propylene-based polymer.
  • Table 1 Polymer Density (g/cc) MFR (I 2 ) (g/10 min) DSC Melting Point DSC Crystallinity Grafted level (wt%) Comparative Propylene-Based Polymer (VERSIFYTM 3000) 0.891 8.0 108 °C 38% 0 Functionalized Propylene-Based Polymer 0.898 7.2 116 °C 20.8% 0.5
  • a blend including a functionalized polymer and a non-functionalized polyolefin was prepared from the functionalized propylene-based polymer in Table 1.
  • Various examples and comparative examples included DOWLEXTM 2107, available from The Dow Chemical Company (Midland, MI), as the non-functionalized polyolefin.
  • DOWLEXTM 2107 is a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) resin with a density of 0.917 g/cc, as measured according to ASTM D792, melt flow rate (MFR), I 2 , of 2.3 g/10 min, measured according to ASTM D1238 at 190 °C, 2.16 kg, and a melt flow ratio, I 10 /I 2 , of from 6 to 14, measured according to ASTM D1238 (190 °C and 10kg).
  • Braskem D105.02 is a non-functionalized polypropylene.
  • Example 1 two examples (Examples 1 and 2) were prepared by mixing DOWLEXTM 2107 with 5% of the functionalized propylene-based polymer in Table 1 and 10% of the functionalized propylene-based polymer in Table 1, respectively.
  • Example 3 was prepared by mixing Braskem D105.02 with 10% of the functionalized propylene-based polymer in Table 1.
  • Comparative Example 1 included only DOWLEXTM 2107.
  • Comparative Example 2 included DOWLEXTM 2107 and 5% functionalized polyethylene in Table 1.
  • Table 2 provides the contents of the various examples in wt.%.
  • Table 2 DOWLEXTM 2107 (non-functionalized polyethylene) Braskem D105.02 (non-functionalized polypropylene) Functionalized Polyethylene (functionalized ENGAGETM) Functionalized Polypropylene (Functionalized VERSIFYTM 3000)
  • Example 1 95 0 0 5
  • Example 2 90 0 0 10
  • Example 3 90 0 10
  • Example 1 100 0 0 0
  • Example 2 95 0 5 0
  • the artificial turf filaments were prepared from the examples.
  • the filament formulations are presented as wt.% of the total filament formulation in Table 3 below.
  • the additives, color (color masterbatch BASF Sicolen 85125345) and a processing aid (Argus ARX-741) were blended with the polymer compositions prior to extrusion.
  • Each of the filaments was prepared on a Collins fiber spinning line (See FIG. 1 B) as described herein.
  • Table 3 Example 1
  • Example 2 Example 3 Comp. Ex. 1 Comp. Ex.
  • Table 4 provides specific conditions of the equipment used in preparing the filaments.
  • Table 4 Parameter Value Die type Mexican Hat (total 4 holes) Extruder Temperature melt T 220 °C Distance die-to-water bath (see FIG. 1 ) 40 mm Temperature first godet 97 °C Temperature second, third, and fourth godets 112 °C Final speed 140 m/min
  • the filaments were tested for shrinkage, tenacity, elongation, and adhesion to polyurethane, and the results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
  • Tenacity and elongation were measured on a Zwick tensile tester on a filament length of 250 mm and extension rate of 250 mm/min until the filament breaks.
  • Tenacity is defined as the tensile force at break divided by the linear weight (dtex).
  • Elongation is the strain at break.
  • Adhesion to polyurethane was measured by according to the following method.
  • Samples were prepared by applying a polyurethane (PU) reaction mixture to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film at a thickness of 0.76 mm using a wet-film applicator. One filament was carefully married to the coating, making an effort to minimize the inclusion of air pockets.
  • the PET/PU/filament sample was placed between two plates of preheated safety glass to maintain sample flatness, then placed in an 85 °C oven for five (5) minutes to cure the PU. Samples were conditioned for seven (7) days to allow the PU to fully cure. For each filament composition, the measurement was repeated six (6) times. The delamination of the filament from the PU was initiated by hand and continued on an Instron tensile tester. The adhesion force was recorded.

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EP16382313.1A EP3263749A1 (fr) 2016-06-30 2016-06-30 Gazon artificiel présentant un meilleur ancrage
PCT/US2016/059092 WO2018004722A1 (fr) 2016-06-30 2016-10-27 Gazon artificiel et dispositif amélioré de blocage de touffes
JP2018565767A JP6920356B2 (ja) 2016-06-30 2016-10-27 改善されたタフトロックを有する人工芝
US16/309,007 US20190309487A1 (en) 2016-06-30 2016-10-27 Artificial turf wtih improved tuft-lock
EP16794154.1A EP3478880B1 (fr) 2016-06-30 2016-10-27 Gazon artificiel présentant un meilleur ancrage
BR112018075331-9A BR112018075331B1 (pt) 2016-06-30 2016-10-27 Filamento esticado formado de uma mistura e sistema de grama artificial
ES16794154T ES2867202T3 (es) 2016-06-30 2016-10-27 Césped artificial con sujeción de mechones mejorada
CN201680086664.1A CN109477249B (zh) 2016-06-30 2016-10-27 具有改良的簇绒锁的人造草皮
KR1020197001778A KR20190025629A (ko) 2016-06-30 2016-10-27 잔디-고정성이 개선된 인조 잔디
ARP170101823A AR108931A1 (es) 2016-06-30 2017-06-30 Césped artificial empenachado y filamento estirado

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KR20210029012A (ko) 2019-09-05 2021-03-15 롯데케미칼 주식회사 기계적 물성 및 연질성이 우수한 인조잔디용 수지 조성물
JP2023532389A (ja) * 2020-04-23 2023-07-28 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア 人工芝
KR102486793B1 (ko) * 2021-04-15 2023-01-10 에쓰대시오일 주식회사 고온 인장 시험기의 다단 연신을 이용한 폴리올레핀계 모노필라멘트 원사의 제조방법, 이에 의해 제조된 폴리올레핀계 모노필라멘트 원사 및 상기 폴리올레핀계 모노필라멘트 원사의 물성 예측방법

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EP3478880B1 (fr) 2021-04-14
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BR112018075331B1 (pt) 2021-12-14
CN109477249A (zh) 2019-03-15
WO2018004722A1 (fr) 2018-01-04
JP6920356B2 (ja) 2021-08-18
JP2019521259A (ja) 2019-07-25
CN109477249B (zh) 2022-07-19
WO2018004722A8 (fr) 2019-01-10
AR108931A1 (es) 2018-10-10
EP3478880A1 (fr) 2019-05-08
US20190309487A1 (en) 2019-10-10
KR20190025629A (ko) 2019-03-11

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