EP3259152A1 - Stromverteilungssystem für ein elektrofahrzeug - Google Patents

Stromverteilungssystem für ein elektrofahrzeug

Info

Publication number
EP3259152A1
EP3259152A1 EP16752017.0A EP16752017A EP3259152A1 EP 3259152 A1 EP3259152 A1 EP 3259152A1 EP 16752017 A EP16752017 A EP 16752017A EP 3259152 A1 EP3259152 A1 EP 3259152A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
power
power converters
energy storage
storage modules
distribution system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16752017.0A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3259152A4 (de
EP3259152B1 (de
Inventor
Geoffrey Long
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wisk Aero LLC
Original Assignee
Kitty Hawk Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kitty Hawk Corp filed Critical Kitty Hawk Corp
Priority to EP22151045.6A priority Critical patent/EP4020740A1/de
Publication of EP3259152A1 publication Critical patent/EP3259152A1/de
Publication of EP3259152A4 publication Critical patent/EP3259152A4/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3259152B1 publication Critical patent/EP3259152B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0025—Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/102—Parallel operation of dc sources being switching converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0018—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using separate charge circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0074—Plural converter units whose inputs are connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/285—Single converters with a plurality of output stages connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33571—Half-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to power distribution systems for electric vehicles.
  • Battery-powered vehicles commonly use batteries to supply both a high output voltage for powering the vehicle and low output voltages for operating various computers, lights, electric fans, and other low-power systems on board the vehicle.
  • the batteries often include a voltage converter to convert the high output voltage to a lower voltage.
  • the low-voltage power output of vehicle batteries is often a small fraction of the nominal power output of the battery. Because the amount of time the batteries operate in low-voltage modes can be very long, it is desirable for voltage converters to operate efficiently to reduce loss of energy stored in the batteries. However, the efficiency of voltage converters decreases as the difference between the input voltage and the output voltage increases.
  • power systems for battery-powered vehicles may include an auxiliary battery having a suitable voltage output for operating the on-board systems without a converter. If the efficiency of a voltage converter for the high- voltage propulsion batteries drops below a threshold value, the auxiliary battery is used to supply power to the on-board systems.
  • the auxiliary battery may be charged by the voltage converter of the high-propulsion batteries.
  • an auxiliary battery represents a single point of failure for the power systems of the electric vehicle.
  • a second auxiliary battery and voltage converter may be added to the power system to provide redundancy, but this redundancy adds weight to the vehicle.
  • a power distribution system of an electric vehicle provides a high output voltage to propulsion systems of the electric vehicle and a low output voltage to on-board systems of the electric vehicle.
  • the power distribution system comprises a plurality of energy storage modules coupled in series and a plurality of electrically-isolated power converters each coupled across one or more of the energy storage modules. When enabled, the power converters provide a low voltage output to an output of the power distribution system, such as the on-board systems of the electric vehicle.
  • a control system controls the power converters of the power distribution system to provide the low output voltage.
  • the control system selectively enables the power converters to balance power output of the energy storage modules.
  • the control system selectively enables power converters based on a state of charge of each of the energy storage modules.
  • the control system may obtain a direct measurement of the state of charge of each of the modules, or may estimate the states of charge based on charge withdrawn from each of the modules or an amount of time the power converters
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power distribution system 100, according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example DC power converter, according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a plot illustrating an example desired operating region of a DC power converter.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling DC power converters, according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power distribution system 100, according to one embodiment.
  • the power distribution system 100 is suitable for use in a battery-powered vehicle, such as an electric car or aircraft.
  • the power distribution system 100 includes a plurality of energy storage modules 1 lOA-C (collectively, energy storage modules 110), battery management systems 120A-C, and a plurality of power converters 130.
  • Other embodiments of the power distribution system 100 may include additional or different components.
  • the energy storage modules 110 are coupled in series and collectively supply a high voltage output Vmg h to propulsion systems of the battery-powered vehicle.
  • Each energy storage module 110 includes one or more battery cells.
  • an energy storage module 110 has 12 battery cells each supplying a voltage of approximately 3V to 4.2V, resulting in a voltage range for the energy storage module 110 of approximately 36V to 50V.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates only three energy storage modules 110 of the power distribution system 100, the power distribution system 100 may have any number of energy storage modules 110 for supplying V ff ig h to the propulsion systems.
  • one embodiment of the power distribution system 100 includes twelve energy storage modules 110.
  • the energy storage modules 110 are managed by a plurality of battery management systems 120.
  • the battery management systems 120 monitor a state of the modules 110.
  • the state of the modules 110 may include the voltage of all the modules' battery cells, the current output of the modules 110, temperature of the modules 110, the state of charge of the module 110, and other factors influencing the overall health of the modules 110.
  • the power converters 130 are coupled across one or more of the energy storage modules 110 and convert DC voltage output of the energy storage modules 110 to a desired DC low output voltage compatible with on-board systems of the battery-powered vehicle.
  • each power converter 130 is configured to produce an output voltage compatible with voltage specifications of the on-board systems by stepping down the voltage of the energy storage module or modules 1 10 corresponding to the respective power converter 130 to the desired low output voltage.
  • a power converter 130 does not provide current to the on-board systems.
  • the power converters 130 are configured to collectively supply a peak low power output to the on-board systems (e.g., when a maximum number of the on-board systems are turned on and each is supplying its maximum current), while a subset of the power converters 130 are enabled during operating modes requiring less power.
  • the each power converter 130 is configured to step up the voltage of the energy storage modules 1 10 to a low voltage output V LOW -
  • the each power converter 130 is configured to step up or down the voltage of the energy storage modules 1 10 to a low voltage output V Low , according to the state of charge and load on the energy storage modules 1 10.
  • the power converters 130 may be incorporated into the battery management systems 120, as shown in FIG. 1 , or may be external to the battery management systems 120.
  • the power converters 130 or the battery management system 120 monitor health of the power converters 130 and the energy storage modules 1 10.
  • the battery management system 120 monitors internal resistance, energy storage capacity, voltage, self-discharge, and number of charge/discharge cycles of the energy storage modules 1 10 to analyze the state of healthy of the modules 1 10, and monitors under- and over-voltage conditions of the power converters 130. If the battery management system 120 finds any converters 130 or energy storage modules 1 10 to be faulty, the faulty converters or the converters corresponding to the faulty modules 1 10 are deactivated.
  • each of the power converters 130 comprises a fuse configured to disconnect the power converter 130 from the low voltage output of the power distribution system 100 during a fault condition. Furthermore, as the voltage across the energy storage modules 1 10 may be different and the power converters 130 are coupled to a common output, the power converters 130 are galvanically isolated.
  • the controller 140 selectively enables the power converters 130 to provide a low voltage output V Low -
  • the controller 140 selects one or more modules 1 10 to provide the low voltage output V Low to efficiently operate the power distribution system 100.
  • the controller 140 may select the modules 1 10 for providing output power such that the state of charge of the modules 1 10 of power distribution system 100 is kept balanced within a desired range.
  • the controller 140 enables the power converters 130 coupled across the selected modules, which convert the voltage output of the selected modules to V L0 w
  • the controller 140 may select the modules to be enabled in a variety of different manners.
  • the controller 140 selectively enables power converters 130 based on states of charge of the modules 110 corresponding to each of the power converters 130.
  • the controller 140 selectively enables power converters 130 such that product of the amount of output current and the duration of it being enabled is substantially equal across all modules 110. In this way, the amount of energy withdrawn from each module will be substantially equal, and the states of charge of the modules will remain balanced as they discharge.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example power converter 130.
  • the example converter 130 shown in FIG. 2 is configured in a half-bridge topology, although the power converter 130 may alternatively be configured according to other converter topologies having galvanically isolated outputs (e.g., flyback or buck topologies).
  • the power converter 130 comprises switches 202 A and 202B and a transformer 204.
  • the switches 202 turn on or off alternately to generate a current in a primary coil of the transformer 204.
  • the voltage across the primary coil of the transformer 204 generates a corresponding current in a secondary coil of the transformer 204, creating a voltage across the capacitor CI that is output to the low voltage output.
  • switching of the switches 202 is controlled by the controller 140 to generate a desired output voltage from the power converter 130.
  • the transformer 204 galvanically isolates the output of the power converter 130 from the energy storage module 110, and one or more diodes on the secondary side of the transformer 204 isolate the plurality of power converters 130 of the power distribution system 100.
  • the controller 140 receives an output current of the converter 130 from an ammeter 216, output voltage, and a voltage across the module 110 corresponding to the converter 130.
  • the controller 140 controls switching of the switches 202 based on the output current and the voltage of the module 110 to regulate the output voltage V Low -
  • the controller 140 comprises a module balancer 210 and one or more current control blocks 212.
  • the module balancer 210 receives a measure of the voltage input to the power converter 130 from a voltmeter 214 of the battery management system 120. For example, if the power converter 130 is coupled across one module 110 of the power distribution system 100 as shown in FIG. 2, the module balancer 210 receives the module's voltage from the voltmeter 214 coupled across the module 110. Although FIG. 2 illustrates the module balancer 210 receiving the voltage from a single voltmeter 214, the module balance 210 may receive the voltage measured by voltmeters coupled across each of the modules 110 or sets of the modules 1 10. The module balancer 210 also receives the low output voltage V Low as feedback. The module balancer 210 regulates the low output voltage or the output power based on the feedback. In one embodiment, the module balancer 210 determines a number of energy storage modules 1 10 to enable to achieve the desired low output voltage V Low , and generates a control signal input to the one or more current control blocks 212 to enable the selected number of modules 1 10.
  • the module balancer 210 selectively enables the power converters 130 to balance the modules 1 10 during the course of operation of the power distribution system 100.
  • the module balancer 210 balances the modules 1 10 by selectively activating power converters 130 based on states of charge of the modules 1 10.
  • the module balancer 210 receives the states of charge of the modules 1 10 from the battery management systems 120, and enables one or more power converters 130 corresponding to modules 1 10 having higher states of charge.
  • the module balancer 210 estimates the states of charge based on current output from the power converters 130. For example, the module balancer 210 determines an amount of charge withdrawn from the modules 1 10 corresponding to each power converter 130 based on the current output of the power converter 130 over time. In another case, the module balancer 210 enables the power converters 130 for equal periods of time. For example, the module balancer 210 monitors an amount of time each of the power converters 130 is enabled and rotates through the power converters 130 to enable the power converters 130 for approximately the same length of time.
  • a process for balancing the modules 1 10 is described with respect to FIG. 4.
  • the current control circuit 212 receives the control signal generated by the module balancer 210 to selectively activate one or more of the power converters 130. Based on the control signal, the current control circuit 212 generates control signals to turn on and turn off the switches 202 of the power converter 130. For example, if the module balancer 210 generates a control signal to enable a particular power converter 130, the current control circuit 212 generates signals to turn on and off the switches 202 in response to receiving the control signal.
  • the controller 140 includes a current control circuit 212 for each power converter 130 of the power distribution system 100. The current control circuit 212 receives a signal from the ammeter 216 that is indicative of the current output by the power converter 130. The current control circuit 212 drives the switches 202 to regulate current output from the power converter 130.
  • the current control circuit 212 regulates the output current from each of the power converters 130 to operate each power converter 130 within a desired operating region.
  • FIG. 3 is a plot illustrating an example desired operating region 302. As shown in FIG. 3, efficiency of the power converter 130 is a function of the output current.
  • the current control circuit 212 regulates the current output to operate between a lower current threshold 304 and an upper current threshold 306.
  • the lower current threshold 304 is the current output at which the efficiency of the converter 130 falls below a threshold efficiency 308.
  • the upper current threshold 306 may be an upper rating for current output of the power converter 130 or a current output at which the efficiency of the converter 130 falls below a threshold efficiency.
  • the upper and lower current thresholds may alternatively be defined in numerous other ways.
  • the controller 140 selectively enables the power converters 130 to output a low voltage V LOW from one or more of the energy storage modules 1 10.
  • FIG. 4 One embodiment of a method used by the controller 140 to control the power converters 130 is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the controller 140 selectively enables the power converters 130 based on an amount of charge withdrawn from the modules 1 10 as an estimate of the state of charge of each of the modules 1 10.
  • the controller 140 uses other properties of the modules 1 10 to selectively enable the converters 130. For example, one embodiment of the controller 140 receives a state of charge of each module 1 10 from the battery management system 120 corresponding to the module 1 10 and determines which power converters 130 to enable and which to disable to provide a desired low output voltage V LOW -
  • the controller 140 determines 401 , based on the battery charging and balancing process, an initial state of charge. The controller 140 then determines 402 the amount of energy withdrawn from each of the modules 1 10. In one embodiment, the controller 140 monitors the current output from each module 1 10 as the controller 140 drives the modules 1 10 to supply a low output voltage, and determines the state of charge of the module by subtracting the amount of energy withdrawn from the modules 1 10 from the state of charge estimated during the last time the modules 1 10 were charged.
  • the controller 140 Based on the amount of current withdrawn from each of the modules 1 10, the controller 140 enables 404 one or more power converters 130 corresponding to the modules 1 10 having lower amounts of charge withdrawn. For example, the controller 140 sorts an array corresponding to the modules 1 10 according to the amount of charge withdrawn from each of the modules, and selects one or more of the modules 110 in the array having the lowest charge output. Alternatively, if the controller 140 has a state of charge estimate of the modules 110, the controller 140 enables one or more power converters 130 corresponding to the modules 110 having the highest estimated states of charge.
  • the controller 140 measures 406 the current output of the enabled converters and compares the output current to upper and lower threshold values. If the current output is greater 408 than the upper threshold, the controller 140 increases 410 the number of enabled converters to decrease the current contributed by each enabled module 110. In contrast, if the current output is less than the upper threshold and less than the lower threshold 412, the controller 140 decreases 414 the number of enabled converters to increase the current contributed by each enabled module 110. If the current output is between the upper and lower thresholds, the controller 140 continues monitoring the current output and increases or decreases the number of enabled power converters 130 if the output current is not between the thresholds. Accordingly, the controller 140 maintains the output current from the enabled power converters 130 between upper and lower thresholds, such as the upper and lower thresholds 306 and 304 defining the desired operating range 302 shown in FIG. 3.
EP16752017.0A 2015-02-18 2016-02-17 Stromverteilungssystem für ein elektrofahrzeug Active EP3259152B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22151045.6A EP4020740A1 (de) 2015-02-18 2016-02-17 Energieverteilungssystem eines elektrischen fahrzeuges

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201562117822P 2015-02-18 2015-02-18
PCT/IB2016/050862 WO2016132309A1 (en) 2015-02-18 2016-02-17 Electric vehicle power distribution system

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22151045.6A Division EP4020740A1 (de) 2015-02-18 2016-02-17 Energieverteilungssystem eines elektrischen fahrzeuges
EP22151045.6A Division-Into EP4020740A1 (de) 2015-02-18 2016-02-17 Energieverteilungssystem eines elektrischen fahrzeuges

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3259152A1 true EP3259152A1 (de) 2017-12-27
EP3259152A4 EP3259152A4 (de) 2018-09-12
EP3259152B1 EP3259152B1 (de) 2022-02-23

Family

ID=56621450

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16752017.0A Active EP3259152B1 (de) 2015-02-18 2016-02-17 Stromverteilungssystem für ein elektrofahrzeug
EP22151045.6A Pending EP4020740A1 (de) 2015-02-18 2016-02-17 Energieverteilungssystem eines elektrischen fahrzeuges

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22151045.6A Pending EP4020740A1 (de) 2015-02-18 2016-02-17 Energieverteilungssystem eines elektrischen fahrzeuges

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US10023054B2 (de)
EP (2) EP3259152B1 (de)
CN (2) CN111942155A (de)
ES (1) ES2912888T3 (de)
NZ (2) NZ732362A (de)
WO (1) WO2016132309A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2912888T3 (es) 2015-02-18 2022-05-30 Wisk Aero Llc Sistema de distribución de energía de vehículo eléctrico
US10391864B2 (en) 2017-02-08 2019-08-27 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. System to balance high voltage battery for vehicle
CN108657088B (zh) * 2017-04-01 2020-10-16 上海蔚来汽车有限公司 用于电动汽车的高压配电盒、电气控制系统和电动汽车
CN110574214B (zh) * 2017-04-05 2023-04-28 西门子能源有限责任公司 电源系统
CN107069914B (zh) * 2017-05-23 2020-04-28 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 轨道车辆充电装置及充电控制方法
CN108081994B (zh) * 2017-12-22 2019-07-16 珠海广通汽车有限公司 供电管理方法及系统
CN108312871B (zh) * 2018-02-02 2021-11-16 西安特锐德智能充电科技有限公司 一种控制功率模块组电流输出方法及系统
DE102018106307A1 (de) * 2018-03-19 2019-09-19 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Batterieauslegung eines Fahrzeugs mit mehreren Antriebsmotoren
CN109687485B (zh) * 2018-11-20 2020-12-01 科华恒盛股份有限公司 储能系统的功率分配方法、系统及终端设备
FR3089072B1 (fr) * 2018-11-27 2020-12-18 Commissariat Energie Atomique Système de commande de modules accumulateurs électriques
CN110518796B (zh) * 2019-09-24 2020-06-23 四川灵通电讯有限公司 直流恒流转直流恒流的多模块电源控制装置及应用方法
US11480625B2 (en) 2020-03-12 2022-10-25 Wisk Aero Llc Real-time battery fault detection and state-of-health monitoring
CN113968165A (zh) * 2020-07-23 2022-01-25 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 一种电池的控制方法、装置、控制设备及汽车
JP2022044854A (ja) * 2020-09-08 2022-03-18 矢崎総業株式会社 多出力電源装置
EP4039523A1 (de) * 2021-02-04 2022-08-10 Volvo Truck Corporation Elektromobilitätssystem für ein fahrzeug
US11239841B1 (en) 2021-03-05 2022-02-01 Wisk Aero Llc Diode fault detection
EP4166378A1 (de) * 2021-10-18 2023-04-19 Volvo Car Corporation Umrichtersystem zur leistungsübertragung
US11515584B1 (en) * 2021-11-10 2022-11-29 Beta Air, Llc Systems and methods for aircraft power management and distribution
CN116729197A (zh) * 2023-06-15 2023-09-12 浙江华宇钠电新能源科技有限公司 钠离子电池的电压随动控制方法及控制系统

Family Cites Families (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6166934A (en) 1999-06-30 2000-12-26 General Motors Corporation High efficiency power system with plural parallel DC/DC converters
US6674274B2 (en) * 2001-02-08 2004-01-06 Linear Technology Corporation Multiple phase switching regulators with stage shedding
US6882129B2 (en) * 2003-03-26 2005-04-19 General Motors Corporation Battery pack for a battery-powered vehicle
WO2006080260A1 (en) * 2005-01-25 2006-08-03 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Power source system
US7568117B1 (en) 2005-10-03 2009-07-28 Zilker Labs, Inc. Adaptive thresholding technique for power supplies during margining events
KR101188944B1 (ko) * 2006-06-15 2012-10-08 한국과학기술원 다중 변압기의 2차 권선을 병렬로 연결한 전하 균일 장치
CN101202465A (zh) * 2006-12-12 2008-06-18 广达电脑股份有限公司 电源供应系统
KR101164629B1 (ko) * 2007-10-16 2012-07-11 한국과학기술원 직렬 연결 배터리 스트링을 위한 2단 전하 균일 방법 및장치
JP4883313B2 (ja) * 2007-11-28 2012-02-22 トヨタ自動車株式会社 電源制御装置
US8120205B2 (en) * 2008-07-18 2012-02-21 Zilker Labs, Inc. Adding and dropping phases in current sharing
JP4630367B2 (ja) 2008-11-25 2011-02-09 本田技研工業株式会社 車両用高圧電装ユニット
US20120194133A1 (en) * 2011-01-31 2012-08-02 National Semiconductor Corporation Active cell balancing using independent energy transfer bus for batteries or other power supplies
FR2972581B1 (fr) * 2011-03-09 2015-01-02 Commissariat Energie Atomique Systeme d'equilibrage de charge pour batteries
EP2715924A1 (de) * 2011-06-03 2014-04-09 Cirrus Logic, Inc. Definition von steuerdaten aus primärseitiger messung einer sekundärseitigen spannung bei einem schaltstromwandler
US8947048B2 (en) * 2011-07-29 2015-02-03 Infineon Technologies Ag Power supply system with charge balancing
WO2013047543A1 (ja) * 2011-09-28 2013-04-04 三洋電機株式会社 電力制御装置
KR101865442B1 (ko) * 2011-10-28 2018-06-07 르네사스 일렉트로닉스 가부시키가이샤 배터리 시스템
FR2982090B1 (fr) * 2011-10-31 2013-12-20 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif d'equilibrage de charge des elements d'une batterie de puissance
JP5886734B2 (ja) * 2012-01-10 2016-03-16 本田技研工業株式会社 電動車両
US9685887B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2017-06-20 Younicos Inc. Controlling power conversion systems
US9225191B2 (en) * 2013-02-19 2015-12-29 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Circuit and method for voltage equalization in large batteries
FR3003827B1 (fr) * 2013-03-28 2015-03-27 Renault Sa Systeme d'alimentation electrique d'un reseau de bord de vehicule automobile hybride
DE102013210293A1 (de) * 2013-06-04 2014-12-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Dezentrale Gleichspannungssteller
ES2912888T3 (es) 2015-02-18 2022-05-30 Wisk Aero Llc Sistema de distribución de energía de vehículo eléctrico

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4020740A1 (de) 2022-06-29
CN107251354A (zh) 2017-10-13
NZ744394A (en) 2021-07-30
NZ732362A (en) 2019-04-26
US10023054B2 (en) 2018-07-17
US20180290544A1 (en) 2018-10-11
WO2016132309A1 (en) 2016-08-25
US10744890B2 (en) 2020-08-18
EP3259152A4 (de) 2018-09-12
CN111942155A (zh) 2020-11-17
ES2912888T3 (es) 2022-05-30
CN107251354B (zh) 2020-08-28
EP3259152B1 (de) 2022-02-23
US20160241028A1 (en) 2016-08-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10744890B2 (en) Electric vehicle power distribution system
JP5851551B2 (ja) 直列接続された複数の２次電池の充放電のための能動バランス回路とアルゴリズムを備える２次電池充放電制御装置及び方法
US11152797B2 (en) DC charging of an intelligent battery
JP5959561B2 (ja) 直列接続された複数の電池直流マイクログリッド充放電システム
JP5764260B2 (ja) 電池システムおよび中間電圧を供給するための方法
US8581557B2 (en) Direct-current power source apparatus
JP6945949B2 (ja) 蓄電池システムの制御装置および制御方法
US9118191B2 (en) Cell balancing method, cell balancing device, and energy storage system including the cell balancing device
KR20150081731A (ko) 배터리 팩, 배터리 팩을 포함하는 에너지 저장 시스템, 배터리 팩의 작동 방법
US20230198261A1 (en) Power supply system including dc-to-dc converter and control method therefor
KR20140097286A (ko) 전력 배터리 소자의 충전 밸런싱 장치
US11329484B2 (en) Electric energy supply device comprising a plurality of usage units which are connected in order to form strands, and method for operating such an energy supply device
Zhang et al. Hybrid balancing in a modular battery management system for electric-drive vehicles
WO2017144871A1 (en) Fuel cell hybrid power system
EP3210817A1 (de) Brennstoffzellen-hybridantriebssystem
CN112564251A (zh) 备用供电系统
WO2015075415A1 (en) Charging bus
KR20140105948A (ko) 전압균등화회로장치
KR102110140B1 (ko) 다중 배터리 기반의 독립형 신재생에너지 시스템
CN117378116A (zh) 用于控制输出电压的电路装置
GB2549181A (en) Fuel cell hybrid power system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20170718

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 20180814

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: H02M 3/28 20060101ALI20180808BHEP

Ipc: H02J 7/00 20060101ALI20180808BHEP

Ipc: H02J 3/28 20060101ALI20180808BHEP

Ipc: B60L 11/18 20060101AFI20180808BHEP

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: CORA AERO LLC

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: WISK AERO LLC

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R079

Ref document number: 602016069352

Country of ref document: DE

Free format text: PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: B60L0011180000

Ipc: H02J0003280000

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: H02J 3/28 20060101AFI20210426BHEP

Ipc: H02M 3/28 20060101ALI20210426BHEP

Ipc: H02J 7/00 20060101ALI20210426BHEP

Ipc: B60L 58/22 20190101ALI20210426BHEP

Ipc: H02M 3/337 20060101ALI20210426BHEP

Ipc: H02M 1/00 20060101ALI20210426BHEP

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20210914

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602016069352

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1471184

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20220315

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NO

Ref legal event code: T2

Effective date: 20220223

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2912888

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

Effective date: 20220530

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: FP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: TRGR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG9D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NO

Ref legal event code: CREP

Representative=s name: PATIO AB, NORDENSKIOELDSGATAN 11A, 21119 MALMOE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220223

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220623

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220223

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220223

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220523

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220223

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220223

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220524

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220223

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220623

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220223

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220223

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220223

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220223

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220223

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220223

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602016069352

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220223

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20221230

Year of fee payment: 8

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20221124

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220223

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NO

Payment date: 20230208

Year of fee payment: 8

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20230310

Year of fee payment: 8

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20230125

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20221220

Year of fee payment: 8

P01 Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered

Effective date: 20230507

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20230113

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220223

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20220223

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20230228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230217

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230228

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230228

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230217

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20231213

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20231212

Year of fee payment: 9

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230228

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20240108

Year of fee payment: 9