Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
  • A61B5/0062—Arrangements for scanning
  • A61B5/0068—Confocal scanning
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
  • A61B5/0075—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence by spectroscopy, i.e. measuring spectra, e.g. Raman spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/01—Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
  • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
  • A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
  • A61B5/14552—Details of sensors specially adapted therefor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
  • A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
  • A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
  • A61B5/443—Evaluating skin constituents, e.g. elastin, melanin, water
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
  • A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
  • A61B2562/0233—Special features of optical sensors or probes classified in A61B5/00
  • A61B2562/0242—Special features of optical sensors or probes classified in A61B5/00 for varying or adjusting the optical path length in the tissue

Definitions

• the present invention relates to methods for measuring a physiological parameter of a subject.
• Spectroscopy is a non-invasive method for the study, analysis or quantification of physico-chemical parameters. This type of approach, applied to human physiology, allows the non-invasive measurement of vital parameters such as temperature, heart rate, level of oxygen saturation in the blood or bilirubin level.
• Spectroscopy is carried out by a sensor positioned near the skin that measures the optical properties of the superficial layers of the skin.
• An object of the invention is to provide a method for measuring a physiological parameter of a subject by means of an optical measuring device having improved accuracy. This object is achieved in the context of the present invention, by means of a method for determining a physiological parameter of a subject that can be implemented by means of an optical measuring device comprising:
• an optical axis on which is arranged an optical objective comprising a first object focus and a first image focus
• a first plane comprising a pinhole centered on the first image focus of the optical objective so as to let only the light rays coming from the first object focus of the optical objective
• a photosensitive receiver intended to receive the light rays coming from the first image focus, downstream from the pinhole
• control unit configured to analyze the light rays received by the photosensitive receiver, and to compare the results of the analysis with known data, said method comprising the steps of:
• the invention is advantageously supplemented by the following characteristics, taken individually or in any of their technically possible combinations.
• the physiological parameter to be determined is the body temperature of a subject.
• Light rays having an infrared wavelength between 700 nm and 1 mm are analyzed.
• the predetermined skin depth is included in the dermis or hypodermis, preferably between 100 ⁇ and 1.5mm deep.
• the optical objective comprises a second object focus and a second image focus, the second image focus being coincident with the first object focus
• the measuring device furthermore comprises:
• a second plane comprising a pinhole centered on the second object focus so as to let only the light rays emitted by the light source from the second object focus
• a semi-reflecting plane mirror said mirror being configured to transmit the light rays emitted by the light source towards the optical objective, and to transmit the light rays coming from the first object focus towards the photosensitive detector.
• the method further comprises the steps of:
• the physiological parameter to be determined is the cutaneous level of bilirubin.
• the light rays emitted by the light source (s) have a wavelength of between 400 and 800 nm.
• the predetermined skin depth is included in the hypodermis, and is preferably greater than 1 mm.
• the physiological parameter to be determined is the blood oxygen saturation rate and carbon monoxide.
• the device comprises two light sources, each emitting light rays of different wavelengths, a first between 620 and 680 nm and a second between 780nm and 1 mm.
• the predetermined skin depth is included in the dermis or hypodermis, and is preferably greater than 0.2mm.
• FIG. 1 shows a device for implementing a method according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a device for implementing a method according to a second embodiment of the invention.
• optical measuring device 1 comprising:
• a photosensitive receiver 4 intended to receive light rays originating from a first image focus, downstream of a first pinhole 1 1,
• an objective 3 adapted to focus the radiation emitted by the biological tissue 10 on the detector 4,
• a first pinhole 11 positioned in a first confocal plane cF1 which is the conjugate by the objective 3 of the focal plane F containing the tissue to be studied.
• Objective 3 is typically a lens. Objective 3 combines the plane F containing the tissue to be studied with the confocal plane cF1 in which is placed the first pinhole 1 1. In other words, the first pinhole 11 is centered on the first image focus of the optical objective 3 so as to let only the light rays from the first object focus of the optical objective, which corresponds to the plane F containing the tissue to study. Thus, only the photons coming from the focal plane F pass the pinhole 11 and participate in the spectroscopic measurement. Light from planes adjacent to F is stopped by the edges of the hole. The optical measuring device 1 thus makes it possible to select the depth of the spectroscopically measured layer.
• the optical measuring device 1 advantageously comprises a filter 15 positioned between the photosensitive receiver 4 and the first pinhole 1 1, said filter 15 being adapted to pass only the radiation belonging to the frequency band to be analyzed.
• the optical measuring device 1 further comprises a control unit configured to analyze the light rays received by the photosensitive receiver 4, and compare the results of the analysis with known data.
• the method comprises the steps of:
• the physiological parameter to be determined is the body temperature of the subject.
• the body temperature of the subject is determined by analyzing the intensity of the light radiation having an infrared wavelength of between 700 nm and 1 mm emitted by the skin.
• the photosensitive receiver 4 is adapted to detect light rays having an infrared wavelength of between 700 nm and 1 mm.
• the predetermined skin depth is included in the dermis or hypodermis, preferably between 100 ⁇ and 1 .5mm from the skin surface 10. More preferably, the predetermined skin depth is greater than 0.5mm from the skin surface 10.
• the method according to claim 1 is implemented by a measuring device 1 bis, as illustrated in FIG.
• the measuring device 1 bis comprises, in addition to the photosensitive receiver 4, the objective 3, the first pinhole 1 1 and the control unit previously described:
• At least one light source 2 typically one or more lasers or diodes, a semi-reflecting mirror 5 positioned between the detector 4 and the tissue to be studied,
• a second pinhole 21 positioned in a second confocal plane cF2 which is the conjugate, by the objective 3 and the semi-reflecting mirror 4, of the focal plane F containing the tissue to be analyzed.
• the optical objective 3 comprises a second object focus and a second image focus, the second image focus coinciding with the first object focus.
• the second pinhole 21 is centered on the second object focus so as to pass only the light rays emitted by the light source or sources from the second object focus.
• the semi-reflecting plane mirror 5 is configured to transmit the light rays emitted by the light source towards the optical objective, and to transmit the light rays originating from the first object focus to the photosensitive detector 4.
• the measuring device 1a may further comprise a first polarizing plate 12 positioned between the first pinhole 11 and the semi-reflecting mirror 5 and a second polarizing plate 22 between the second pinhole 21 and the half-reflecting mirror 5.
• the axes of polarization of the two blades 12 and 22 are perpendicular so that the photons from the light source 2 and from the reflection on the surface of the skin 10 do not reach the detector 4.
• the method further comprises the steps of:
• the physiological parameter to be determined is the cutaneous level of bilirubin.
• the device 1 bis comprises at least three light sources each emitting radiation of different wavelengths between 400 and 800 nm. The wavelengths emitted are also specific to the identification of dopa-melanin of red blood cells and bilirubin.
• the device 1 bis comprises from three to seven light sources.
• the predetermined skin depth is in this case to the dermis or hypodermis and is greater than 0.2mm.
• the physiological parameter to be determined is the oxygen saturation blood level and carbon monoxide.
• the device 1 bis comprises two light sources 2 each emitting radiation in different wavelengths, a first between 620 and 680nm (red) and a second between 780 and 1 mm (infrared).
• the predetermined skin depth is in this case the hypodermis and is greater than 1 mm.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Medical Informatics (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Surgery (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Dermatology (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
• Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
• Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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• 2015
  • 2015-02-17 FR FR1551336A patent/FR3032606B1/fr active Active
• 2016
  • 2016-02-15 KR KR1020177026058A patent/KR20170126930A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2016-02-15 JP JP2017544575A patent/JP6850257B2/ja active Active
  • 2016-02-15 RU RU2017129450A patent/RU2712034C2/ru active
  • 2016-02-15 EP EP16705102.8A patent/EP3258830A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2016-02-15 WO PCT/EP2016/053151 patent/WO2016131763A1/fr active Application Filing
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  • 2016-02-15 CA CA2976691A patent/CA2976691A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2016-02-15 AU AU2016221865A patent/AU2016221865A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2016-02-15 US US15/550,902 patent/US10772545B2/en active Active
  • 2016-02-15 CN CN201680010541.XA patent/CN107427265B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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• 2017
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