Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
  • G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
  • G01N21/552—Attenuated total reflection
  • G01N21/553—Attenuated total reflection and using surface plasmons
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
  • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
  • G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
  • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
  • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
  • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
  • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
  • B01L3/502707—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the manufacture of the container or its components
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
  • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
  • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
  • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
  • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
  • B01L3/502761—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip specially adapted for handling suspended solids or molecules independently from the bulk fluid flow, e.g. for trapping or sorting beads, for physically stretching molecules
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
  • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
  • G01N21/7703—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
  • G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
  • G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
  • G01N33/54373—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing involving physiochemical end-point determination, e.g. wave-guides, FETS, gratings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
  • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
  • B01L2300/06—Auxiliary integrated devices, integrated components
  • B01L2300/0627—Sensor or part of a sensor is integrated
  • B01L2300/0654—Lenses; Optical fibres
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
  • G01N2201/02—Mechanical
  • G01N2201/022—Casings
  • G01N2201/0221—Portable; cableless; compact; hand-held

Definitions

• the invention relates to an optical sensor system that is set up to cooperate with a mobile computing device having at least one light source and at least one camera, wherein the sensor system at least one coupling interface for coupling light from the light source of the computer device in the sensor system and at least one Auskoppelschnittstelle for coupling out light from the sensor system to the camera of the computer device, wherein the sensor system comprises at least one optical Lichtleitpfad via which the decoupling interface with the coupling interface is optically, wherein in the Lichtleitpfad at least one sensor element is arranged, for the modification of the by the Lichtleitpfad guided light is dependent on an externally acting on the sensor system influencing size is set up.
• WO 2014/107364 A1 describes a smartphone biosensor.
• a smartphone is extended by appropriate external optical elements to detect results of a biomolecular assay.
• the structure required for this is relatively complex, large and sensitive.
• the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a set up for interacting with a mobile computing device optical sensor system, which has improved practicality.
• This object is achieved in accordance with claim 1 by an optical sensor system that is set up to cooperate with a mobile computer device having at least one light source and at least one camera, wherein the sensor system has at least one coupling interface for coupling light from the light source of the computer device into the sensor system and at least one decoupling interface for decoupling light from the sensor system to the camera of the computer device, the sensor system having at least one optical waveguide path via which the decoupling interface is optically connected to the coupling interface, wherein at least one sensor element is arranged in the waveguide path is guided by the Lichtleitpfad guided light depending on an externally acting on the sensor system influencing variable, wherein the sensor system has a flat planar planar support structure into which the Einkoppelschnit tstelle, the decoupling interface, the elements of the Lichtleitpfades and the sensor element are structurally integrated and adjusted
• the invention has the advantage that the optical sensor system together with the mobile computing device can be handled much easier to use and can be easily carried by the user due to the compact, planar structure. If, for example, a smartphone is used as a mobile computing device, this also essentially maintains its external dimensions when supplemented with the optical sensor system, because the sensor system can be made so compact that it barely bears up.
• a further advantage of the invention is that the holding structure provides for a defined position of the individual elements integrated therein, in particular the coupling-in interface, the coupling-out interface, the elements of the optical waveguide path and the sensor element, which are held together in a fixedly predetermined optical arrangement. Accordingly, it does not lead to misalignments between these elements.
• the mobile computing device may be a smartphone, or any other mobile or other type of mobile computing device, such as a laptop, tablet, portable media player (e.g., iPod), smartwatch, or the like.
• a smartphone or any other mobile or other type of mobile computing device, such as a laptop, tablet, portable media player (e.g., iPod), smartwatch, or the like.
• portable media player e.g., iPod
• smartwatch or the like.
• the influencing variable acting on the sensor system from the outside can be a physical, chemical and / or biochemical variable.
• One, several or all of the structurally integrated into the planar support structure elements may in particular be releasably secured to the planar support structure, so that they can be replaced if necessary.
• the sensor element can be designed as a one-way sensor, which can be exchanged.
• the holding structure and / or the remaining elements can be reusable.
• the sensor element arranged in the light guide path can in particular be an optical sensor.
• the optical sensor is used to capture environmental parameters. With the aid of, for example, absorption, scattered light, reflection light, transmission light, fluorescent light, polarization light, refractive index measurements, quantum dots and / or the determination of the amplitude amplitude. Phase spectrum of light environmental parameters can be examined.
• the optical sensor can be realized, for example, by means of plasmon, cavity, optical evanescent field, optical grating, photonic crystal, ring resonators or Fabry-Perot or Mach-Zehnder interferometer or as optode. Plasmon sensors can be realized eg by a gold, silver coating and / or nanostructuring (eg nanoparticles).
• the nanoparticles can already be present on the sensor surface prior to the application of the sensor system or can only be applied to the sensor surface during the application of the sensor system.
• an adhesive layer between the sensor and the be used and be integrated a lattice structure for phase matching.
• Multiple optical sensors can be multiplexed serially and / or parallel along the optical waveguide, with wavelength division multiplexing applied.
• lenses can be used to increase the coupling efficiency of the input and / or decoupling interface.
• the sensor system may be designed in particular as a chip laboratory.
• the coupling-in interface can have at least one coupling-in element, for example in the form of one or more coupling-in components.
• the decoupling interface may include at least one decoupling member, for example in the form of one or more decoupling components.
• a coupling-in component and / or a decoupling component can be realized by Fresnel / total reflection and / or light diffraction.
• Coupling components and / or coupling-out components may be, for example, optical elements such as mirrors, prisms, beveled waveguides, optical gratings. Furthermore, nanoparticles can be used for optical coupling.
• the efficiency of the coupling-in element and / or the coupling-out element can be optimized by means of a lens system and / or a tapering structure. Furthermore, the light polarization can be set and optimized by means of polarization filters as a supplement to the coupling-in component and / or coupling-out component. Moreover, by means of an optical grating as coupling element or by changing the color of the display at the location of the input coupler, light of a wavelength can be specifically coupled in.
• the planar support structure may be formed of rigid or relatively flexible material.
• the planar support structure may be flexible while retaining its flat planar property.
• the planar support structure may be made of plastic, metal, natural materials such as wood or cork, of tex- tilmaterial or a combination thereof.
• the sensor system can thereby be manufactured inexpensively. Due to the cost-effective production, the sensor system can also be provided as a disposable sensor system. This is particularly advantageous in applications with high hygiene requirements.
• the light source of the mobile computing device may, for example, be a light source for illuminating the area detected by the camera of the computer device, for example in the form of a flashlight (white light source), an LED (light-emitting diode) or a similar component.
• the light source may also be, for example, a display of the mobile computing device.
• the light source can be designed as a multi-color light source. This has the advantage that specifically different wavelengths can be fed into the Lichtleitpfad. By appropriate software control, the wavelength can be changed at any time, so that only certain measurements are possible.
• the camera of the mobile computing device may be a front, a rear, or a side camera.
• the optical sensor system has only purely passive components, that is to say those components which do not require an electrical power supply.
• This has the advantage that the optical sensor system can be realized without its own electrical energy source, which is additionally conducive to a compact, inexpensive and lightweight design of the sensor system.
• the planar holding structure is formed as a thin, flat structure with two main surfaces facing away from each other, which are the outer surfaces of the holding structure with the largest surface area, the main surfaces being substantially parallel. lel to each other.
• the sensor system can be designed to be particularly compact, so that it does not substantially extend beyond the mobile computing device connected thereto.
• the planar support structure has a thickness which is substantially less than its width and length. This also makes the sensor system particularly compact, so that it does not stand much above the mobile computing device connected thereto.
• the planar support structure with a thickness that is not greater than the thickness of the mobile computing device with which the optical sensor system is intended to interact.
• the light guide path integrated in the planar support structure is designed for the substantially parallel light guide along the main surfaces of the planar support structure. This allows a good utilization of the available space in the in itself quite thin formed holding structure.
• the light guide path has at least one optical waveguide laid in the planar support structure.
• the optical waveguide can be designed, for example, as a glass fiber optical waveguide or similar optical waveguide, in particular as a flexible optical waveguide.
• the optical waveguide can be composed of a core and a jacket, wherein the
• the optical waveguide can be constructed as a slab, ridge, buried or fibre waveguide and can be single-mode or multi-mode.
• the cross-sectional geometry of the optical waveguide can be circular or rectangular, wherein the core and cladding of the optical waveguide can consist, for example, of polymer, glass, silicon or air.
• the Lichtleitpfad at least one in the arc, ie. arcuate, laid in the planar support structure optical fiber. In this way, the light can be returned from one light source of the computer device to the camera of the computer device via one and the same optical waveguide, even if these two elements of the computer device are arranged close to one another.
• the Lichtleitpfad at least one coupling element for coupling the light in the Lichtleitpfad at the coupling interface and / or a decoupling element for decoupling the light from the Lichtleitpfad at the Auskoppelterrorismstelle, wherein the coupling element and / or the Auskoppelglied is set up deflecting light coupled in or coupled out in a direction perpendicular to a main surface, at least partially in the longitudinal extension direction of the optical waveguide path.
• the light emission direction of the light source of a mobile computing device and / or the detection direction of the camera of a mobile computing device directed perpendicularly to a main surface can be adapted with little effort to the substantially parallel to the main surface verlau - fenden Lichtleitpfad.
• the planar holding structure has at least one mechanical fixing means, which supports a correct arrangement and adjustment of the computer device relative to the sensor system.
• the one or more fixing means which may be formed in particular as adjusting means, may be designed to fix the computer device on the sensor system by frictional engagement or positive engagement, for example in the form of latching means, as a clamping connection or as an adhesive connection.
• the mechanical fixing means may comprise a spring loaded clamping system, eg similar to a clothes peg with which the planar support structure can be clamped to the computing device.
• the sensor system is integrated in a protective cover of the computer device, a garment or in a package or designed as such.
• the sensor system can be carried very inconspicuously and is therefore not perceived by the user as disturbing.
• the optical waveguide is formed integrally with at least a part of the planar support structure.
• the optical waveguide can be integrated into the support structure in a particularly favorable manner in terms of manufacturing technology.
• the sensor system has a plurality of sensors arranged one behind the other in the same light guide path.
• a plurality of sensor signals can be detected via a light-conducting path and different influencing variables can be sensed.
• the several sensors arranged one behind the other can then be interrogated in multiplex mode. An extension of the computer device to additional light sources and / or cameras can be avoided.
• the sensor system has a plurality of parallel light guide paths with at least one sensor element arranged in each light guide path.
• a plurality of sensor signals can also be detected and different influencing variables can be sensed.
• Multiple waveguides can also be operated without a waveguide coupler in parallel with an LED and camera
• a multiplicity of parameters can be measured and / or cross sensitivities of the optical sensor structure can be compensated for, for example, with respect to temperature. Compensation of cross sensitivities, for example temperature and humidity, can also be realized via sensors already present in the computer device.
• receptors both molecules of natural origin, such as. Antibodies and enzymes, as well as synthetically produced molecules, e.g. Aptamers are used.
• low molecular weight molecules can also be immobilized on the sensor surface in order to bring about the desired specificity with respect to the analyte to be detected. Immobilization of these receptors on the sensor can be both covalent and adsorptive to the surface of the sensor.
• the sensor element has at least one sensor region on which aptamers or other specificity-mediating receptors, such as for example antibodies, are arranged as receptors for the sensing of an analyte to be detected which specifically bind to the analyte to be detected.
• aptamers or other specificity-mediating receptors such as for example antibodies
• the aptamers or other specificity-mediating receptors have a high selectivity for the detection of certain analytes, they are therefore particularly suitable for the detection of certain diseases.
• the aptamers have the advantage that they are more stable and thus permanently functional.
• the arranged on the sensor surface aptamers or other specificity-mediating receptors such as antibodies bind the to be detected analytes and thereby lead to a change in the optical properties of the medium located above the sensor surface.
• aptamers or other specificity-mediating receptors such as antibodies for signal amplification.
• various modifications can be used which are able to influence the optical properties of the medium above the sensor surface, such as nanoparticles or dyes.
• This provides a further possibility for amplifying the signal, which is particularly suitable for larger analytes such as proteins or cells.
• the aptamers or other specificity-mediating receptors, such as antibodies are modified with gold nanoparticles. These modified receptors bind to the analyte bound by the aptamers present on the sensor surface or other other specificity-mediating receptors such as antibodies.
• the modification eg gold nanoparticles
• the sensor element is set up to sense a gas or gas mixture. This can be achieved, for example, by functionalizing the sensor element, which is based for example on a surface plasmon (SPR) sensor, with a metal oxide layer (doped or undoped) or with metal oxide layers (doped or undoped).
• SPR surface plasmon
• sensors can be used to detect hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO) or carbon dioxide (CO2) or to determine the air quality .
• H2S hydrogen sulfide
• CO carbon monoxide
• CO2 carbon dioxide
• serial / parallel multiplexing of multiple sensors with different metal oxide layers can improve the specificity to a gas be detected or with a eg smartphone-based sensor system several different gases.
• the sensor element can be coated with a color change material or the waveguide core of the sensor element can be wholly or partly composed of the color change material.
• the color change material consists of a polymer / dye matrix and color changes of the color change material correlate with gas concentration changes.
• the sensor system can be set up for the detection of spectral properties of the received light. This is advantageous in particular when the sensor element is designed as an SPR sensor.
• the spectral properties and / or the sensitivity of the SPR-based sensor system can be optimized, for example, by the core and / or mantle refractive index of the optical waveguide, by a metal alloy (eg silver / gold), by tapering of the SPR sensor element, by a dielectric intermediate layer between SPR sensor element and surrounding medium (functionalization), by a stack (stack of at least two dielectric layers) of different intermediate dielectric layers and / or two metal layers separated by a stack of dielectric interlayers.
• the spectral properties and / or the sensitivity of the SPR-based sensor system can be optimized by the use of nanoparticles, in particular metal nanoparticles.
• the sensor element can be realized with the aid of Bloch surface waves, for example by the fact that the sensor element is produced by means of a stack of dielectric layers.
• the metallization of the sensor region and in particular of the sensor surface and / or the application of dielectric layers can be carried out, for example, by wet-chemical and / or cathode sputtering and / or electrode beam evaporation.
• the sensor system has a Fourier-transform spectrometer for detecting the light modified by the sensor element.
• the Fourier transform spectrometer (FT spectrometer) can be used in addition to or instead of a diffraction grating in the sensor system.
• the FT spectrometer consists of an interferometer placed between the sensor system and the smartphone camera. The interferogram of the interferometer is recorded by means of the camera of the computer device. By calculating the inverse Fourier transform of the interferogram, the sensor spectrum can be determined.
• the sensor system has a fluidics or microfluidics for guiding dissolved analytes towards the sensor element.
• the sensor system can be designed as a chip laboratory, which is also compatible with liquid analytes.
• the fluidics / microfluidics serve to guide the sample solution towards the optical sensor element.
• the chip laboratory can contain buffer solutions which are mixed with the sample solution by means of the fluidics / microfluidics and the resulting solution is conducted with the fluidics / microfluidics towards the optical sensor element.
• the buffer solution / buffer solutions can also be used for sensor regeneration.
• those in the chip lab integrated buffer solution / buffer solutions for calibration of the optical sensor system are used, which is guided in advance of the sample solution by means of Fluid ik / Mikrofl uidik to the optical sensor.
• the smartphone vibration alarm can be used to mix the sample solution and the buffer solution.
• solids can also be provided in microfluidics. These could be, for example, buffer salts or else other solid reagents which come into contact with a liquid during the application of the sensor system and are thereby dissolved and transported to the sensor element.
• nanoparticles and / or nanoparticles coated with specificity-mediating receptors, such as aptamers or antibodies may be included in microfluidics.
• the sensor system has a cavity in the region of the sensor element which is designed as an absorption chamber with or without resonator properties.
• the resulting absorption spectrum can be enhanced with the aid of metal nanoparticles or fluorescent labels which are located in the sample solution and can bind specifically to the targets, for example.
• planar holding structure to be adjustable in at least one spatial dimension with regard to the effective size of its receiving area for the mobile computing device.
• the sensor system or at least those parts of the sensor system that the
• the light source and / or the camera cover, opposite the support structure hin- visibly adjustable in position.
• the universal replaceability of the sensor system is further improved in differently designed mobile computer devices, in particular if different computer devices have the light source and / or the camera at different positions.
• the coupling-in interface is composed of a plurality of 45-degree coupling elements arranged serially along the trapped / untaped optical waveguide, so that a uniform optical sensor system can be used for different mobile computing devices. Regions of the optical waveguide in which there is a change in cross section (taper) of the optical waveguide are referred to as "tapered.”
• the coupling interface consists of a plurality of parallel 45-degree coupling elements and tapered optical waveguides Waveguide composed, wherein the 45-degree Einkoppelglieder can also be arranged slightly offset, so that a single optical sensor system can be used for different mobile computing devices.
• the sensor system is composed of a plurality of parallel optical sensor systems, wherein the lengths of the plurality of parallel optical sensor systems vary, so that the respective coupling elements are located at different locations and thus always at least one optical sensor system optimally to the light source and Camera is aligned, even if the positions of these components vary depending on the mobile computing device.
• the coupling-in interface and / or coupling-out interface consist of an optical Assemble grid with chirped grating period. In the area of a chirped grating period, the period changes along the optical path. This improves the suitability of the multiple wavelength optical grating.
• the sensor system can be arched and / or placed obliquely (horizontally and / or vertically) in order to optimize the optical coupling depending on the type of smartphone (mobile computing device) to the sensor system.
• the sensor system can be flexible or flexible.
• the sensor system or at least those parts of the sensor system which cover the light source and / or the camera are matched in terms of their size and position to the mobile computing device such that the light source and / or the camera is only partially covered.
• the light source and / or the camera of the mobile computing device can additionally be used for other purposes, for example to take photos without removing the sensor system.
• a corresponding image processing software which may be installed on the mobile computing device or another computer device, the respective pixel rows and / or pixel columns, which are assigned to the sensor system, can be removed from recorded photos.
• the smartphone protective cover can be designed such that the sensor system can be flexibly placed in front of the light source and camera of the smartphone. This allows the user to make flexible measurements or photos with the smartphone.
• a displacement device could be provided for the flat-structure sensor structure in the smartphone protective cover.
• the sensor system could be rigidly integrated into the smartphone protective cover and the decoupling of the sensor system are designed so that only a few pixel rows or pixel columns of the smartphone camera for sensor evaluation are necessary.
• the said pixel rows or pixel columns are located on the edge of the smartphone camera, so that in the case of a conventional photo application, these pixel rows or pixel columns can be deleted from the image.
• the sensor system in the coupling-in interface and / or in the decoupling interface has at least one 45-degree mirror produced by means of a 45-degree cutting method, subsequent hot stamping method and / or subsequent material processing. This allows a reliable and cost-effective production of the sensor system.
• the evaluation of the data determined by the sensor system or of the image data recorded by the camera of the computer device can be carried out directly on the computer device itself or remotely on an external computer. Accordingly, for the evaluation of the data of the sensor system corresponding algorithms and software either directly on the
• the invention also relates to a computer program for execution on a computer device interacting with the sensor system of the type described above or an external computer.
• the computer program is set up to control the light source of the computer device in a modulated manner with a predetermined modulation scheme, and also with the light received by the camera demodulate a demodulation scheme associated with the modulation scheme.
• This can be done for example by a pulsed control of the light source, for example by means of a secure, error-detecting coding.
• the light source can be switched on and off periodically with a corresponding frequency.
• the sensor sensitivity can be increased and / or the sensitivity to stray light (ambient light) can be reduced.
• a plurality of measurements can be carried out sequentially and an average value can be formed and different measurements can be carried out sequentially.
• the computer device can guide or assist the user about the correct application of the sensor system by means of a video played on the computer device.
• the computer program for evaluating the sensor system may additionally include further data of the mobile computing device, such as GPS position.
• GPS position may be e.g. be used to request prompt, local medical assistance, e.g. through an automatic emergency call.
• the GPS position may be e.g. be used to further specify a diagnosis made by the sensor element, e.g. Disease patterns that are unlikely for the particular geographic region are excluded.
• the computer program is set up to carry out a spectral analysis of the signal recorded by the camera.
• the sensor element can also be evaluated spectrally directly with the camera of the mobile computer device. by, for example, the measured intensity values of the camera pixels with different spectral sensitivities are used for the evaluation.
• FIG. 1 shows a mobile computer device and an optical sensor system in perspective view
• Figures 6 and 7 different embodiments of an optical sensor system in side view
• Figure 8 shows a mobile computing device, a holding device and an optical sensor system in perspective view
• FIG. 9 shows a possible measuring principle of an aptamer-based sensor system and FIG. 10 shows a first production method for a sensor system and FIG
• FIG. 11 shows a second production method for a sensor system
• FIG. 12 shows a third production method for a sensor system and FIG. 13 shows possible design forms of a planar-optical sensor. sorsystems and
• FIGS 15 to 17 further embodiments of the sensor system
• FIG. 18 shows a sensor system for interacting with a smartphone protective cover
• Figure 20 is a holding device for the sensor system.
• Figure 21 sensor system in the form of a glass fiber and external optical components
• FIGS. 2 to 7 the optical sensor system is shown partially cut in each case so that the elements integrated into the planar support structure become visible.
• like reference numerals are used for corresponding elements.
• FIG. 1 shows a mobile computer device 100, for example a smartphone, which has, for example, a display 101 and operating elements 102 on its front side. Furthermore, an optical sensor system 1 is shown, which is set up to cooperate with the mobile computing device 100.
• the optical sensor system has a holder 10 into which the computing device 100 can be inserted accurately, for example, similar to a bumper for a smartphone.
• the holder 10 has in a receiving area in which the computing device 100 is to be inserted, a planar support structure 1 1, the the holder 10 is limited downwards.
• FIG. 1 shows, in particular, a coupling-in interface 3 for coupling light from the light source of the computer device 100 and a decoupling interface 4 for decoupling light from the sensor system 1 to the camera of the computer device 100.
• planar holding structure 1 1 is formed as a thin, flat structure with two main surfaces 12, 14 facing away from one another.
• the planar holding structure 1 1 is shown in a first embodiment in Figure 2 in plan view, wherein the planar support structure 1 1 is opened so far that the optical components disposed therein as shown in Figure 2 are visible. It can be seen that starting from the coupling-in interface 3, a light-conducting path 2, formed by an optical waveguide, is led downwards and guided back to the coupling-out interface 4 via a 180 ° bend.
• a sensor element 5 is arranged, which is also referred to below as a sensor. Light is fed from the light source 7 of the computer device 100 into the light guide path 2 via the coupling interface 3, guided by the sensor 5, and the outgoing light is supplied to the camera 8 of the computer device 100 via the coupling-out interface 4.
• the light is not guided through the sensor 5 as in the first embodiment (transmission principle), but it is reflected by the sensor 5 (reflection principle). Therefore, in this embodiment, the light is guided from the light source 7 via the coupling interface 3 via the optical waveguide 2 to the sensor 5 via a waveguide coupler 6. The light reflected there is guided via the light guide 2 and the wave coupler 6 to Auskoppelschnittstelle 4 and can be recorded accordingly via the camera 8.
• a plurality of optical sensors 5, in this case five pieces, are arranged one behind the other in the same light guide path 2. The signal detection in the computer device 100 via optical multiplexing.
• a plurality of optical paths for example two optical paths 2, are arranged parallel to one another.
• at least one sensor 5 is arranged.
• the light guide paths 2 can be connected via a respective waveguide coupler 6 to the coupling-in sections 3 or to the coupling-out interface 4.
• the parallel light paths could each have their own decoupling interface but a common coupling interface.
• the optical sensor system 1 can also be realized in the form of a ridge waveguide (FIG. 6) or buried waveguide (FIG. 7).
• FIG. 6 shows a light guide path 2 in the form of an optical waveguide, which is applied to a substrate 9, which serves as a support structure.
• a sensor 5 is arranged in the light guide 2, in turn, a sensor 5 is arranged.
• the coupling-in interface 3 has a coupling-in element 3a designed as a bevel of the optical waveguide, by means of which incident light 13 is deflected.
• the decoupling interface 4 has as a decoupling member on a chamfer 4a of the optical waveguide, via which the light is deflected again. Further, the decoupling interface 4 as an additional decoupling an optical grating 4b (diffraction grating), with which the light can be divided into corresponding spectral components, so that the camera 8 of the computer device 100 can be used as a spectrometer.
• a light-conducting path 2 is embedded in the substrate 9, which serves as a holding structure.
• the sensor 5 is embedded in the light guide path and the substrate 9.
• the coupling-in interface 3 for incident light 13 has a coupling-in element in the form of an optical grating 3a.
• the decoupling interface 4 has a decoupling member in the form of an optical grating 4a.
• the illustrated courses of the light guide paths 2 are given by way of example only. Depending on the realization of the sensor system, the gradients may look different.
• the sensor 5 or the plurality of sensors 5 can be arranged at arbitrary positions along the optical guide path, not only at the positions exemplified in the exemplary embodiments.
• the decoupling interface 4 is used to couple the Lichtleitpfads 2 with the camera 8 of the computer device 100, wherein both the camera on the front and back can be used.
• the decoupling member may e.g. composed of a prism, mirror and / or optical grating.
• a 45 ° beveled waveguide can be used with / without optical grating, u.a. the light is deflected by total reflection.
• the light from the optical waveguide can be spatially separated spectrally and thus the spectral behavior of the optical sensor structure can be investigated with the smartphone camera.
• FIG. 8 shows a modified embodiment of the invention shown in FIG.
• the holder 10 has on its support surface 16 a receiving region 17 for the sensor system 1.
• the sensor system 1 is formed as a separate unit with an in turn existing planar support structure 1 1 which, together with the further components 3, 4 arranged therein or thereon, enters the receiving area 1 7. can be set.
• the optical components of the sensor system 1 can be produced, for example, by a printing method, photolithography, microreplication, laser material processing and / or a combination of the methods mentioned.
• polymeric optical components can be made by flexographic printing, offset printing or ink jet printing.
• flexographic printing offset printing or ink jet printing.
• Microre attacks takes place the transmission of the optical components in a substrate by means of a nanostructured stamp.
• the structure transfer can be effected, for example, by reaction injection molding, injection molding, injection compression molding, hot embossing, thermoforming or nanoimprint lithography.
• hot embossing of micro-optical structures in polymeric substrates is a common procedure. In an evacuated environment, a thermoplastic is heated to its viscoelastic state and pressed into a nanostructured stamp. The demolding then takes place after cooling. For hot stamping, almost all thermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers can be used.
• the laser material processing includes, for example, the production of optical waveguides by laser-induced refractive index change on the surface or in the volume of, for example, polymer substrates or the production of microoptical structures by laser ablation.
• optical waveguide structures can be written in polymer by means of a photomask and an excimer laser or by the maskless laser direct writing method, for example by means of femtosecond lasers.
• the three-dimensional structuring of the optical sensor structure in plastics can be carried out by two-photon polymerization (2PP).
• the optical components can also be made by laser-induced refractive index changes on the surface or in the volume of glass substrates.
• the ion exchange process could be used to fabricate optical devices in glass.
• the coupling-in interface 3 and the decoupling interface 4 and the optical waveguides can first be prepared or prepared by micro-replication, in order subsequently by the entry of a higher refractive index polymer or a glass fiber or by the waveguide printing or by the Lasermaterialpro- zesstechnik complete the manufacturing process of the optical beam path.
• the sensor structure is optionally functionalized in accordance with the target parameter or the target parameters.
• a surface plasmon sensor system based on an optical glass fiber for environmental analysis for smartphones has been developed.
• the optical glass fiber used was a 25 cm long 400 ⁇ m plastic cladding silica (PCS) fiber. Both ends of the glass fiber were ground at 45 ° to perpendicularly couple light through total reflection into the glass fiber.
• the surface plasmon sensor was realized by an approximately 1 cm long silver coating of the glass fiber core, at which point the fiberglass jacket was removed in advance.
• a holographic PDMS diffraction grating between glass fiber end and smartphone camera the spectral components of the smartphone LED were displayed spatially separated on the smartphone camera.
• the resonance of the surface plasmon sensor can be detected and changes in the environmental refractive index can be measured by shifting the resonance.
• a sensitivity of 5.96-10 ⁇ 4 refractive index units / pixel could already be achieved.
• a disposable device Possible future applications of such a disposable device would be, for example, a pregnancy test, lactate test or blood glucose monitoring.
• Another field of application of the disposable chip laboratory may be in travel medicine.
• new products can be developed with the help of the combination of smartphone and a sensor system.
• the disposable chip may e.g. used to diagnose and monitor malaria infections.
• the disposable chip can be used to diagnose heart attacks or food poisoning on holiday trips. Since in a heart attack in addition to severe chest pain and an increased concentration of enzymes and proteins (biomarkers) of the dying heart muscle are present in the blood, by detecting these biomarkers the patient can be warned and directed with the help of GPS location data to the nearest emergency room or the ambulance be led to the patient.
• biomarkers enzymes and proteins
• a sensor system which is integrated, for example, in a smartphone protective cover, environmental parameters or person-specific parameters can be monitored. Possible applications may be the continuous determination of ammonia and / or methane content in agriculture. Transmitters for ammonia or methane can be polyanilines or PDMS. brought Cryptophane A molecules to be used. Furthermore, with the sensor system air humidity, carbon dioxide, oxygen or nitrogen can be measured and thus the room climate can be monitored. Furthermore, a sensor system with integrated dosimeter for measuring X-radiation can be developed. On the basis of a spectral attenuation and / or fluorescence measurement by means of, for example, PMMA fiber with / without a scintillator, energy doses of X-rays can be measured.
• the radiation exposure of radiologists can be determined hereby, and thus the smartphone dosimeter can be a cost-effective alternative to existing personal dosimeters.
• smartphone users can measure their UV light exposure to sunlight and protect themselves from sunburn.
• the smartphone protective cover can also be integrated into garments, wherein the garment is provided with fiber optic sensors. The smartphone protective cover thus serves to connect the smartphone to the fiber optic sensor system in the garment. Possible applications here are, for example, the monitoring of neonatal respiration by means of a fiber-optic strain-sensor-equipped upper part in order to detect a possible respiratory arrest, or the measurement of the blood pressure with a smartphone sphygmomanometer.
• Optical waveguides and waveguide sensors in polymer substrates used in Combined with a mobile computing device can be used as a one-way lab for patient-related laboratory diagnostics. Since both the smartphone LED (s) or the display and the smartphone camera (on the front or back) are used as the light source or detector, no active components are required to operate the disposable chipboard. This results in a cost advantage compared to the prior art.
• aptamers are immobilized as specificity-mediating receptors on the sensor surface.
• Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that can be used in an iterative in vitro selection process called SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment) against any desired target structures such as proteins, low molecular weight compounds or even whole ones Cells can be generated.
• SELEX Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment
• the aptamers can, for example, be coupled chemically via linker molecules on the sensor surface, applied by means of self-assembled monolayers (sol.
• Assimilated monolayers) of thiol-modified aptamers hybridized to immobilized oligonucleotides complementary to sections of the aptamer, or else also be bound purely adsorptive on the sensor surface.
• the specific binding of the analyte to be detected to the aptamer can either lead directly to a change in the refractive index over the sensor surface or else indirect methods for generating a refractive index change can be used.
• An exemplary possibility for the indirect generation of a refractive index change which in particular also suitable for the analysis of small molecules, consists in the use of oligonucleotides which are complementary to the target binding site of the aptamer.
• the aptamer 90 is immobilized on the sensor surface 50 of the sensor element 5 and subsequently hybridized with the oligonucleotide 91 complementary to the target binding site of the aptamer 90, see Figure 9 (A) on the left.
• the target 92 binds to the aptamer 90 and displaces the oligonucleotide 91 from the aptamer 90, see Figure 9 (A) right.
• the displacement of the oligonucleotide leads to a measurable change in the refractive index. In addition to this sequential sequence of 1.
• Hybridization of the complementary oligonucleotide and displacement of the oligonucleotide by the target it is also possible to bring in a directly competitive approach, the immobilized aptamer with a mixture of the oligonucleotide and the target in contact.
• the amount of the hybridized oligonucleotide and thus the change in the refractive index is dependent on the concentration of the target.
• aptamers as specificity-mediating receptors for the functionalization of the sensor surface was exemplified by the example of the aptamer-based detection of ethanolamine.
• a silver-coated fiber-optic sensor was first modified with mercapto-undecanoic acid (MUA) as a linker molecule.
• MUA mercapto-undecanoic acid
• the MUA modification was then activated with a mixture of 100 mM 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropy) carbodiimide (EDC) and 100 mM N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in 50 mM 2- (N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) ,
• EDC 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropy) carbodiimide
• NHS N-hydroxysuccinimide
• MES N-morpholino
• the 5 '-terminal amino-modified aptamer was EA # 14.3 (100 ⁇ in 50 mM MES), which is directed against ethanolamine bonded to the activated surface.
• the sequence of the aptamer used is:
• the SPR sensor can be functionalized with aptamers while retaining their binding properties, and the SPR-based aptasensor generated in this way is able to detect even smaller molecules with only minor changes to the sensor surface to lead.
• FIG. 9 (A) shows a schematic representation of the measuring principle.
• the aptamer 90 is immobilized on the sensor 5 and a complementary oligonucleotide 91 is hybridized to the aptamer 90.
• This oligonucleotide is displaced by ethanolamine, which reduces the optical density over the sensor 5. This can be read out as a shift of the resonance. Shifts in resonance during functionalization of the sensor and detection of ethanolamine are seen in Figure 9 (B).
• Figure 9 (B) shows a shift of 6.7 nm was observed.
• Hybridization of the oligonucleotide also resulted in a red Displacement of the resonance by 7 nm, as can be seen in Figure 9 (C).
• the displacement of the oligonucleotide by ethanolamine (10 ⁇ ) resulted in a blue shift of the resonance by 2.2 nm, as can be seen in Figure 9 (D).
• the time course of this shift shows that even after less than 30 minutes, a clear signal is obtained, as can be seen in FIG. 9 (E).
• the embodiment of the sensor for aptamer-based detection of ethanolamine shown here represents an example for the detection of a small molecule.
• aptamers specific to other small molecules such as e.g. Antibiotic, toxin, or other bind and corresponding oligonucleotides complementary to the binding site of the aptamers used can be used to realize sensors of any specificity.
• the aptamer-based sensors can also be used to detect larger analytes, e.g. Proteins, viruses, bacteria or others are designed.
• a complementary oligonucleotide can be dispensed with if the aptamer-mediated binding of the analyte to the sensor surface results in a sufficiently large change in the optical properties of the medium over the sensor surface.
• larger analytes e.g. Proteins, viruses, bacteria or other signal amplification measures are also used.
• Aptamer-modified nanoparticles are used, which bind to the aptamers bound to the sensor surface analyte.
• the nanoparticles are positioned near the sensor surface and serve for signal generation and / or amplification.
• FIGS. 10 and 11 Exemplary manufacturing steps for a possible design of the sensor system are shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.
• the basic structure of the sensor system is thermoformed in a polymer base substrate 97 by means of two stamping dies 95, 96 (hot stamping method with heat supply 98).
• the waveguide and coupler ground structure is using of the lower punch 96.
• the upper punch 95 could create a recess 80 in the polymer base substrate 97 which later serves as the analysis window of the sensor, in which case the analysis window 83 defines the region of interaction between the optical sensor and the environment (or functionalization).
• polymer base substrate 97 polymethyl methacrylate
• the basic structure of the planar optical waveguide now present in the polymer base substrate 97 can be metallically coated, for example by means of sputtering or vapor deposition methods 94.
• the metal coating could be used to realize the optical couplers and to make the SPR sensor.
• all other areas could be masked via a mask 99.
• the base structure of the waveguide of the polymer base substrate 97 is given liquid monomer 84, which has a higher refractive index than the polymer base substrate and can be cured, but not necessarily, by UV irradiation and forms the optical waveguide core after polymerization (Ste 5).
• a bottom substrate 85 which has a lower refractive index than the optical waveguide core, with a force F 78 of a few kN on the
• the bottom substrate 85 could already contain the grating structure 86 for the spectrometer, which was previously produced for example by means of hot embossing or material processing (eg ablation by means of an excimer laser).
• the grid could also be subsequently introduced at the end of step 6 or at the end of the manufacturing process, for example by means of hot stamping or material processing in the bottom of the Bodensubtrat.
• the waveguide core and the bottom substrate could be applied, for example by means of spin coating, and / or, if necessary, the grating could be subsequently introduced into the underside of the bottom substrate.
• the upper punch 95 is removed and, if necessary, then in step 8, the remaining layer on the analysis window 83 of the optical sensor can also be removed and the analysis window can be uncovered.
• the exposure of the analysis window of the optical sensor can be carried out, for example, by means of an oxygen plasma 87.
• an excimer laser Laserbla- tion
• solvents such as chloroform or toluene
• the exposure could also be masked.
• the optical sensor may be polarization sensitive.
• an unpolarized light source of the computer device can be linearly polarized.
• a polarizer for example in the form of an iodine-doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film, for example between the light source and the coupling interface
• PVA polyvinyl alcohol
• the soil substrate is prepared according to step 5 and may include a grid on the top and / or bottom. Furthermore, a metal film could alternatively be applied on top of the bottom substrate. In this case, the metal coating at the location of the analysis window of the optical sensor in step 4 would no longer be necessary. However, in step 8, the exposure of the analysis window of the optical sensor on the underside of the planar optical sensor system would have to be made.
• the optical grating could also be processed after production by means of appropriate material processing. tion method can be generated in the bottom of the planar optical sensor system.
• the recess 80 is produced on the upper side of the polymer base substrate 97 by means of the upper punch 95; in the method according to FIG. 11, the cutout 80 is produced on the lower side of the polymer base substrate 97 by means of the lower punch 96.
• FIG. 1 Another possible manufacturing method is shown in FIG. First, the basic structure (with / without grating) of the optical light path is molded into a polymer base substrate 97 and the waveguide core material 88 is introduced, for example by means of racking or spin coating (steps 1-4).
• the top surface of the waveguide 88 may be coated with a metal or metal alloy 94 (the masking may be masked by a mask 99) and another polymer substrate 89 on top of the waveguide 88 be placed and pressed by two punches 70, 71.
• the polymer substrate 89 may, for example, be applied by means of hot embossing or gluing methods and may already include a recess 80 for the analysis window of the optical sensor.
• the polymer substrate 89 can also be applied on the upper side by means of spin coating, and the cutout 80 for realizing the analysis window 83 can be produced, for example, with the aid of a mask and a plasma.
• the 45 ° optical coupling members 72, 73 could be fabricated using a bevel technique, a cutting process, a post hot stamping process, or material processing techniques.
• the polymer substrate 89 on the upper side could already include a recess 80 for the analysis window of the optical sensor. Subsequently, the coating of the optical waveguide could be effected at the location of the recess with a metal or a metal alloy 94 and the production of the optical coupling elements.
• the 45 ° optical coupling members 72, 73 could be fabricated using a bevel technique, a cutting process, a post hot stamping process, or material processing techniques. Alternatively, first the optical 45 ° coupling members could be produced and then the coating with a metal or a metal alloy, so that the optical coupling 45 ° members are also coated. Steps 1 1 -14: As an alternative to steps 5-7, first of all the polymer substrate 89 on the upper side could also be applied by hot embossing, gluing and / or spin coating. The recess 80 for the analysis window of the optical sensor could subsequently be produced, for example, with the aid of a mask 99 and a plasma 74.
• the coating of the optical waveguide at the location of the recess could be made with a metal or a metal alloy 94 and the production of the optical coupling elements.
• the 45 ° optical coupling members 72, 73 could be made by a grinding technique, a cutting method, a post hot stamping method, or a material processing method. Alternatively, first the optical 45 ° coupling members could be produced and then the coating with a metal or a metal alloy, so that the optical coupling 45 ° members are also coated.
• the corresponding functionalization of the sensor element 5 takes place in the region of the analysis window and, in the case of a chip laboratory, the application of a fluid. Idik / microfluidics.
• the fluidics / microfluidics can be used to functionalize the optical sensor.
• the fluidics / microfluidics could already be integrated in the polymer base substrate 97 and / or bottom substrate 85 or integrated into the polymer base substrate 97 and / or bottom substrate 85 during the production of the optical sensor system.
• FIG. 10 to 12 Further possible designs of the planar-optical sensor system are shown in FIG. These can be produced by a corresponding combination of different working steps of the production method shown in FIGS. 10 to 12.
• FIGS. 10-12 can also be used to produce an optical sensor system with a plurality of serially and / or parallel nested optical sensors.
• the illustrated sensor surfaces may be modified prior to functionalization, e.g. by chemical treatment to influence the properties of the surface (hydrophobicity, unspecific binding, etc.).
• FIGS. 10-13 show, by way of example, optical sensors based on surface plasmons.
• optical sensors By exposing the metal coating to the location of the optical sensor, other optical sensors such as an evanescent field optical sensor or Mach-Zehnder waveguide sensor could also be realized.
• the 45 ° coupling elements shown in FIGS. 10-13 can also be designed to be parabolic in order to optimize the light coupling between the optical sensor system and the external light source or the camera.
• the design forms illustrated in FIGS. 10-13 may also include taper structures and / or waveguide couplers. Waveguide couplers are, inter alia, necessary for realizing a Mach-Zehnder waveguide sensor and can furthermore be used for coupling a plurality of parallel waveguide sensors to a coupling interface.
• the design forms illustrated in FIGS. 10-13 may also be formed without an optical grating 86.
• optical waveguides of the design forms shown in Figures 10-13 may also be arcuate and the recesses for the sensor element may be any three-dimensional structure.
• FIG. 14 shows further possible design forms and arrangements of the input and output coupling interface of the sensor system.
• the coupling-in interface 3 is composed of a plurality of 45-degree coupling elements arranged serially along the stacked / untaped optical waveguide, so that a uniform optical sensor system can be used for different smartphones or mobile computing devices.
• a sensor system consists of a plurality of parallel sensor systems, the lengths of the optical sensor systems vary, so that the respective coupling interfaces are at different locations and thus always at least one optical sensor system is optimally aligned with the light source 7 and camera 8, even if the position of these components vary depending on the smartphone or mobile computing device.
• the coupling-in interface 3 is composed of a plurality of parallel 45-degree coupling-in elements and tapered optical waveguide, wherein the 45-degree coupling elements can also be arranged slightly offset.
• the following is used with the reference symbols used there: 72 optical 45 ° coupling element
• FIG. 15 shows a sensor system 1 produced according to one of the production methods explained above and its arrangement on a mobile computing device 100.
• FIG. 16 shows an embodiment of the sensor system with holding device, which is particularly compact and only covers part of the computer device 100.
• holding clips 150 are provided, which fix the holding device with sensor system 1 by passing over the front side of the computer device 100 thereon.
• FIG. 17 shows an embodiment of the sensor system with holding device, which has a projecting measuring tip 106 and covers only a part of the computer device 100.
• holding clips 150 are provided, which fix the holding device with sensor system 1 by passing over the front side of the computer device 100 thereon.
• FIG. 18 shows on the left a protective cover 103 for a computer device 100, eg for a smartphone.
• the protective cover 103 is shown in the left-hand illustration of FIG. 16 from the rear side, so that it can be seen that a corresponding notch 104 for positioning and / or fixing the back of the protective cover 103 is provided on the rear side Holding device with sensor system 1 is provided thereto.
• FIG. 16 shows in the middle the protective sheath 103 from the front side with a computer device 100 inserted therein. At the rear, the sensor system 1 can be attached to the protective cover 103 with a holding device, as shown on the right in FIG. 16.
• the sensor system 1 with holding device has a shape corresponding to the notch 104, which is assigned as a counterpart, so that the sensor system 1 with holding device can be used in conjunction with a computer device 100 arranged in the protective cover 103.
• the sensor system can be permanently or replaceably connected to the holding device.
• the sensor system 1 can be designed in the form of a disposable chip laboratory, which can be replaceably fixed in the holding device.
• lenses and / or an optical grating or an FT spectrometer could be permanently installed in the holding device, so that the sensor system 1 does not need to include these components and can therefore be realized in a particularly cost-effective manner.
• FIG. 19 again shows a protective cover 103 from the front, with a computer device 100 inserted into the protective cover.
• the protective cover 103 has a notch 104 which is arranged on the front side. This enables a positioning and / or fixing of the sensor system 1 on the front side of the computer 100.
• FIG. 17 shows a notch 104 in the area of the camera 8 of the computer 100, but the notch may also be e.g. the light source 7 of the computer device 100 additionally release. Alternatively or additionally, the display 101 of the computer device 100 can be used as the light source.
• FIG. 20 shows a holding device, for example with or without a magnetic attachment, in the form of a frame 105 which can be fastened, for example, to the back of a computer device 100, eg by gluing.
• This holding device 105 serves for positioning and / or fixing of the sensor system. In this case, no separate protective cover for positioning and / or fixing of the sensor system to the computer device is required.
• FIG. 21 shows the sensor system 1 in the form of a glass fiber 2 with a 45-degree input and output interface 72, 73 and external optical grating 86 (diffraction grating).
• the external optical grating 86 could still include lenses.
• the 45-degree input and output interfaces 72, 73, the optical grating 86 as well as lenses could be integrated in a separate polymer chip, which could serve as a coupling element between optical fiber with sensor element (s) and mobile computing device.

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