EP3241620A1 - Installation de tri et procédé de tri de déchets d'aluminium - Google Patents

Installation de tri et procédé de tri de déchets d'aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3241620A1
EP3241620A1 EP17169093.6A EP17169093A EP3241620A1 EP 3241620 A1 EP3241620 A1 EP 3241620A1 EP 17169093 A EP17169093 A EP 17169093A EP 3241620 A1 EP3241620 A1 EP 3241620A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sorting
scrap
mass flow
partial
line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17169093.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Brößner
Ronald Gillner
Michael Jenal
Heiner Müller
Michael Wimmer
Nils Robert Bauerschlag
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Speira GmbH
Original Assignee
Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products GmbH filed Critical Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products GmbH
Publication of EP3241620A1 publication Critical patent/EP3241620A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B15/00—Combinations of apparatus for separating solids from solids by dry methods applicable to bulk material, e.g. loose articles fit to be handled like bulk material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/344—Sorting according to other particular properties according to electric or electromagnetic properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/346—Sorting according to other particular properties according to radioactive properties

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sorting system for sorting aluminum scrap, in particular UBC scrap, having a first sorting line comprising at least one sorting device which is set up to sort a scrap mass flow fed to the sorting line.
  • the invention further relates to a sorting method for sorting aluminum scrap, in particular UBC scrap, preferably using the aforementioned sorting plant.
  • the recycling of aluminum takes place over several process steps. These usually include the collection of different aluminum scrap, a mechanical treatment with the subsequent metallurgical utilization. For resource-efficient recycling, mechanical treatment must produce an aluminum scrap product that meets the qualitative requirements of the metallurgical recycling process. For this purpose, different treatment steps are carried out.
  • the mechanical treatment of the scrap is usually done by crushing, followed by various sorting steps.
  • the sorting steps may include, for example, iron and non-ferrous metal separation via magnetic separators, air classification, eddy current separation, sensor-based sorting (for example, X-ray transmission or fluorescence, induction, LIBS, NIR, etc.).
  • sensor-based sorting for example, X-ray transmission or fluorescence, induction, LIBS, NIR, etc.
  • the procedural combination of the sorting steps allows the sorting out of different impurities or the sorting into different aluminum qualities.
  • the aim of the mechanical treatment can be to produce an aluminum concentrate that can be used directly for metallurgical recycling.
  • UBC scrap typically has a variety of contaminants, for example, metallic impurities of cast aluminum or non-aluminum alloys such as copper or iron alloys. Furthermore, UBC scrap typically also contains non-metallic contaminants such as plastic films or mineral contaminants. These impurities must be sorted out in the sorting process before metallurgical reuse. Furthermore, the cans are painted as a rule, so that before the melting of the can scraps is still a Entlackung.
  • UBC scrap is typically compressed into packages for shipping and storage.
  • the degree of compaction of the packages can be very different and vary, for example, between 200 and 1200 kg / m 3 . This results in the recycling of UBC scrap partly to large throughput fluctuations, with particularly high throughputs make sorting difficult.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing a sorting system and a sorting method with which the problems described above, in particular in the sorting of UBC scrap, are at least partially reduced.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention at least partially by a sorting system for sorting aluminum scrap, in particular UBC scrap, having a first sorting line comprising at least one sorting device which is set up to sort a scrap mass flow fed to the first sorting line in that the sorting installation has a second sorting line which comprises at least one sorting device which is set up to sort a scrap mass flow fed to the second sorting line, and in that the sorting system comprises a screen classifying device which is set up to pass through a scrap mass flow supplied in the sorting system Screening classify into at least a first partial scrap mass flow and a second partial scrap mass flow and divide the first partial scrap mass flow of the first sorting line and the second partial scrap mass flow of the second Sorti supply line.
  • the above-mentioned object according to the invention further at least partially solved by a sorting method for sorting aluminum scrap, in particular UBC scrap, preferably using the sorting system described above, in which a scrap mass flow through Siebklassieren in at least a first and a second Partschrottmassenstrom is divided and in which the first and the second partial scrap mass flow are sorted separately from each other.
  • scrap with a broad particle size distribution can now be sorted effectively by first dividing the scrap mass flow fed to the sorting plant into two or more partial scrap mass flows by sieving classification and then sorting them separately.
  • the individual sorting lines can be better adapted to the respective grain sizes or grain size distribution of the respective partial scrap mass flow.
  • the sorting system comprises a first and a second sorting line, each having at least one sorting device.
  • the individual sorting lines can each also have a plurality of sequential sorting devices for sorting various impurity fractions such as iron-containing or magnetic fragments, plastic or otherwise organic fragments or mineral fragments.
  • the sorting system can also comprise more than two, for example three or four sorting lines.
  • the at least one sorting device of the first or second sorting line is set up to sort a scrap mass flow fed to the first or second sorting line.
  • a scrap mass flow is understood as meaning a stream of scrap fragments which is fed to the sorting plant or a sorting line or transported by it.
  • the size of the scrap mass flow is defined by the mass of transported scrap fragments per time. For example, if the sorting plant is supplied with a mass flow of 10 t / h, this means that the sorting plant is supplied with 10 t of scrap in one hour at this mass flow.
  • the size of the scrap mass flow can also be specified via the volume of the transported scrap fragments per time. If the bulk density of the scrap is approximately known, the volume can simply be converted into the corresponding mass and vice versa.
  • the scrap mass flow supplied to a sorting plant may vary over time.
  • a better utilization of the sorting system and a better sorting result of the scrap mass flow is preferably predetermined and is in particular in a predetermined range.
  • the at least one sorting device of the first sorting line is preferably configured to sort the first partial scrap mass flow fed to the first sorting line with individual grain precision. Furthermore, the at least one sorting device of the second sorting line is preferably configured to sort the second part-scrap mass flow fed to the second sorting line with individual grain precision.
  • a single-grain sorting is understood that the individual fragments are sorted individually from the scrap mass flow depending on their nature.
  • An example of such a sorting device is a magnetic separator, with which iron-containing or magnetic fragments can be selectively sorted out with a magnetic field. Since a single scrap fragment (grain) is sorted in this process depending on its own magnetic properties, it is a single grain exact sorting.
  • Another example of such a sorting apparatus is an X-ray transmission-based sorting apparatus in which each individual scrap fragment (grain) is analyzed by X-ray transmission and sorted depending on the analysis result.
  • the sorting system comprises a Siebklassiervorraum, which is adapted to divide a sorting system supplied scrap mass flow by Siebklassieren in at least a first and a second Partschrottmassenstrom.
  • the Siebklassiervorraum in particular one or more screens, with which the sorting system supplied scrap mass flow can be sieved.
  • the one or more sieves may be moving and / or stationary sieves.
  • the sieve classifier comprises at least one moving sieve with which a faster and better sieving can be achieved.
  • the Siebklassiervoriques may in particular have a plurality of screens, for example, to produce at least two sorting lines corresponding to a large number Operaschrottmassenströme or to define the particle size distribution of the individual Crystalschrottmassenströme narrower, for example by fine grain or very large fragments are screened out.
  • the Siebklassiervoriques is further adapted to supply the first Teischrottmassenstrom the first sorting line and the second Partschrottmassenstrom the second sorting line.
  • the sieve classifier may be adapted to reduce the sieve overflow of a sieve, i. the material remaining on the screen as the first partial mass flow of the first sorting line and the screen underflow of a sieve, i. supplying the material that passes through the screen as the second partial mass flow of the second sorting line or vice versa.
  • the individual sorting lines can be adapted to the respective particle size distribution.
  • an adaptation of the sorting devices of the individual sorting lines to the respective particle size distribution is possible, so that a more effective sorting can be achieved.
  • the sorting devices are preferably adapted to the particle size distribution of the respective partial mass flow of the relevant sorting line.
  • UBC scrap usually has a particle size distribution after comminution in a sorting plant which is typically upstream of the sorting plant, in which d5 is between 0.01 and 10 mm and d95 between 100 and 300 mm.
  • Siebklassierung at least two, preferably also three or more Crystalschrottmassenströme be generated with different particle size distributions, which are sorted separately from each other.
  • the sieve classification can be carried out in particular such that the scrap mass flow supplied to the sorting plant is divided into a first partial scrap mass flow with a particle size distribution in which d5 is between 1 and 10 mm and d95 between 2 and 20 mm (so-called fine material), with a second partial scrap mass flow a particle size distribution in which d5 is between 1 and 20 mm and d95 between 20 and 80 mm (so-called medium), and a third partial scrap mass flow with a particle size distribution in which d5 between 20 and 100 mm and d95 between 50 and 300 mm (so-called coarse material).
  • a division into two partial scrap mass flows can take place, in particular in fine and coarse material or in medium and coarse material with the previously mentioned grain size distributions.
  • the Siebklassiervoriques can be set up in particular by the selection of appropriate sieves for Siebklass réelle in partial scrap mass flows with certain particle size distributions or target ranges for d5 and d95. Furthermore, the setting of sieve movements and the predetermined dwell time of scrap fragments in the sieve classifier can influence the particle size distributions of the partial scrap mass flows.
  • the particle size distribution or the values for d5, d95 etc. is determined by sieve analysis according to DIN 66165-1 and 66165-2 using test sieves according to DIN ISO 3310-2: 2015-07 (test sieves with perforated plates) and DIN ISO 2395: 1999- 01.
  • DIN ISO 3310-2 2015-07 (test sieves with perforated plates)
  • DIN ISO 2395 1999- 01.
  • a more detailed analysis of the particle size distribution e.g., values for d25, d50, d75) is therefore normally not required.
  • the Siebklassiervoriques may in particular comprise a suitably arranged transport system, which may have, for example, one or more conveyor belts and / or chutes.
  • the above object is further achieved according to the invention at least partially by a recycling plant for the treatment of aluminum scrap, in particular UBC scrap, comprising the sorting plant described above. Accordingly, the above-mentioned object according to the invention is also at least partially solved by a recycling process for the treatment of aluminum scrap, in particular UBC scrap, preferably using the recycling plant described above, in which a lot of scrap is crushed and in which the crushed scrap with the sorting method described above sorted.
  • the sorting system is thus preferably embedded in a recycling plant for the treatment of UBC scrap.
  • a recycling plant preferably comprises, in addition to the sorting plant, a comminution plant upstream of the sorting plant for comminuting the scrap.
  • one of the sorting plant downstream Entlackungsstrom can be provided for stripping the scrap fragments and a the Entlackungsstrom downstream melting furnace for melting the entlackten scrap fragments.
  • the first and / or the second sorting line each comprise an eddy current separator.
  • the first and / or the second partial scrap mass flow are respectively sorted by means of an eddy current separator.
  • An eddy current separator is understood to mean a device in which scrap fragments are guided through an electromagnetic alternating field which is generated, for example, by rapidly rotating permanent magnets. The alternating electromagnetic field leads in conductive scrap fragments to generate an eddy current and so to a force on these scrap fragments, which allows separation of the conductive scrap fragments of non-conductive scrap fragments such as plastics or mineral contaminants.
  • the eddy current separator can have a conveyor belt, at the end of which the scrap fragments fly in a discharge parabola from the conveyor belt.
  • the discharge parabola of the electrically conductive scrap fragments is influenced so that the conductive and the non-conductive scrap fragments fly at different speeds.
  • the conductive can be separated from the non-conductive scrap fragments.
  • a sheet called a separating vertex is arranged such that the non-conductive scrap fragments fall in front of the separating vertex.
  • Eddy current separators are therefore suitable for the robust and effective separation of non-conductive contaminants, but work only in a specific Grain size range to which they are designed effectively.
  • a Wirbelstromscheiders in the first and second sorting line, respectively, a sectionschrottmassenstrom is supplied from the Siebklassiervorraum, the respective Wirbelstromscheider can be designed for the specific grain size distribution of the scrap fragments for each sorting line, so that an effective separation of the non-conductive impurities is achieved ,
  • the discharge parabola in particular is influenced by a conveyor belt of the eddy current separator. Therefore, preferably the speed of the conveyor belt and / or the position of the separating vertex are adapted to the particle size distribution of the corresponding partial scrap mass flow.
  • the first and / or the second sorting line each comprise an X-ray-assisted sorting device, in particular an X-ray-supported sorting device, which is set up for a single-grain sorting based on a dual-energy X-ray transmission measurement.
  • the first and / or the second partial scrap mass flow are respectively sorted by carrying out X-ray-based measurements, in particular dual-energy X-ray transmission measurements, on scrap fragments of the first or second partial scrap mass flow and the scrap fragments based on the associated measurement result be sorted.
  • An x-ray-assisted sorting device is understood to mean a sorting device in which the scrap fragments passing through the sorting device are analyzed by means of x-ray radiation and sorted as a function of the analysis result.
  • X-ray transmission is measured on a scrap fragment having two different wavelengths of X-radiation. In this way, the density of the scrap fragment can be determined independently of its thickness, so that scrap fragments of aluminum alloys can be distinguished from scrap fragments of other alloys. As a result, scrap fragments with non-aluminum alloys can be sorted out.
  • X-ray based sorting devices and in particular sorting devices using dual energy X-ray transmission measurements, are generally known, so that a detailed description of these sorting devices at this point is dispensable.
  • Such sorting devices typically operate effectively only in a particular range of grain sizes to which they are designed.
  • a X-ray-assisted sorting device in the first and second sorting line, respectively, a Molschrottmassenstrom is supplied from the Siebklassiervoriques, the respective X-ray-based sorting device can be designed for the specific grain size distribution of the scrap fragments for each sorting line, so that an effective Separation of scrap fragments from non-aluminum alloys is achieved.
  • the X-ray based sorting apparatus is configured to determine a value for the density and a value for the thickness of a scrap fragment by dual energy X-ray transmission measurement and the scrap fragment depending on the value for its density and the value for the latter To sort thickness.
  • a value for the density and a value for the thickness of the scrap fragment is determined by dual energy X-ray transmission measurements on a scrap fragment and the scrap fragment is sorted depending on the value for its density and on the value of its thickness.
  • a value for its thickness can also be determined.
  • this value for the thickness of a scrap fragment can be used particularly advantageously for sorting UBC scrap, since in this way thin-walled can scrap fragments can be distinguished from thick-walled scrap fragments, eg of cast aluminum, which have a density similar to canned scrap fragments.
  • the total thickness of a can of scrap scrap fragment often does not correspond to the simple wall thickness of the box, but a multiple thereof, as in a scrap fragment often several wall sections are superimposed or folded over each other.
  • the number of superimposed wall sections depends essentially on the size of the scrap fragment, since large scrap fragments are usually folded more frequently and thus have a greater overall thickness.
  • An effective sorting depending on the value for the thickness of a scrap fragment is therefore particularly effective if the scrap fragments to be sorted have a certain particle size distribution.
  • the sorting system has a transport system which is adapted to transport the first partial scrap mass flow through the first sorting line and to transport the second partial scrap mass flow through the second sorting line. In this way, the partial scrap mass flows can be transported in a controlled manner through the sorting lines.
  • the transport system may, for example, have one or more conveyor belts.
  • the sorting installation has a transport system which is set up to supply the first partial scrap mass flow wholly or partly to the second partial scrap mass flow before the second partial scrap mass flow is fed to the second sorting line and / or to set up the second partial scrap mass flow Need to supply all or part of the first partial scrap mass flow before the first partial scrap mass flow of the first sorting line is supplied.
  • the transport system may, for example, have one or more conveyors, in particular conveyor belts or screw conveyors, with which scrap fragments can, if required, be passed from one partial scrap mass flow into another partial scrap mass flow.
  • the sorting system for example, continue to operate in case of failure or maintenance of one of the sorting lines by the provided for the failed or waiting sorting line
  • Operaschrottmassenstrom is instead fed to another sorting line.
  • a partial scrap mass flow can also be partially fed to another sorting line, in particular in order to evenly utilize the sorting lines when the partial scrap mass flows are very different.
  • the sorting installation has a transport system which is set up to combine the first and the second partial scrap mass flow after passing through the respective sorting line.
  • the finished sorted partial scrap mass flows are combined again to form a total scrap mass flow and can thus be fed together for further processing, in particular a paint stripping plant and / or a melting furnace.
  • the transport system of the sorting system can also be adapted to transport the contaminants sorted out at the individual sorting devices to respective containers in order to be able to collect them and, if appropriate, to reuse or dispose of them.
  • To a continuous Operation of the sorting device to allow two containers may be provided so that can be changed to a second container when the first container is full.
  • the sorting system comprises a control device for controlling the sorting system.
  • the control device is preferably set up to control the sorting system according to the sorting method described above or an embodiment thereof.
  • the control device may comprise a microprocessor and a memory connected thereto, the memory containing instructions whose execution on the microprocessor causes the previously described sorting method or an embodiment thereof to be carried out. In this way, an automated operation of the sorting system can be achieved.
  • the scrap fragments are preferably fed to the processing station in a controlled manner.
  • this can be achieved by a facility for processing aluminum scrap with a processing station for processing aluminum scrap, having a supply station adapted to provide scrap fragments, with a conveyor set up from the Supplying provided and supplied scrap supply scrap fragments as power to the processing station with a throughput device, which is adapted to measure a value of the flow rate of the current transported by the conveyor of scrap fragments, and with a control device, which is adapted to to compare a throughput metering value measured by the throughput metering device with a predetermined value for the throughput, and the staging station and / or the conveyor means depending on the result of this To control comparison.
  • the processing station may in particular be a comminution plant.
  • the crushing plant By feeding scrap fragments with controlled throughput, the crushing plant can be operated at the optimum operating point to achieve a certain degree of comminution. If the shredder is overloaded due to excessive throughput, depending on the type of shredder, it may happen that the scrap fragments are crushed too much or too weakly.
  • the processing station can also be a sorting plant, for example the sorting plant of the recycling plant according to the first aspect of the present disclosure or a sorting line of the sorting plant.
  • a sorting plant for example the sorting plant of the recycling plant according to the first aspect of the present disclosure or a sorting line of the sorting plant.
  • the sorting system or sorting line can be operated at the optimum operating point in order to be able to sort the individual scrap fragments reliably at the highest possible throughput. If the sorting system or sorting line is overloaded due to excessive throughput, the sorting quality decreases, making it undesirable Impurities in the emerging from the sorting plant scrap fragments stream can come.
  • the processing station may also be a smelting plant.
  • the smelting plant By supplying scrap fragments with controlled throughput, the smelting plant can be operated at the optimum operating point. An overloading of the smelting plant if the throughput is too high can cause the temperature in the smelting plant to drop too much or cause an uneven melt.
  • the conveyor preferably comprises one or more conveyor belts.
  • the method of operating an aluminum scrap processing plant and the aluminum scrap processing plant according to the second aspect of the present disclosure each represent independent and independent teachings of the present invention.
  • the second aspect of the present disclosure may be advantageously combined with the sorting plant, the recycling plant, the sorting method and the recycling method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the facility for processing aluminum scrap according to the second aspect of the present disclosure may be the recycling plant according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, wherein the sorting plant or a sorting line of the sorting plant has a processing station for processing aluminum scrap and a crushing device upstream of the sorting plant or one of the sorting upstream storage buffer represent a staging station.
  • a staging station such as a buffer memory and / or a crushing device
  • a conveyor for transporting scrap fragments from the staging station to the sorting system or to the individual sorting lines of the sorting system
  • a throughput measuring device for measuring a value for the throughput of the conveyed by the conveyor stream of scrap fragments
  • a control device which is adapted to compare the measured value with a predetermined value for the throughput and the staging station and / or to control the conveyor depending on the result of the comparison.
  • the scrap provided by the comminution is conveyed as a stream of scrap fragments to a sorting plant or to the individual sorting lines of the sorting system; if a value for the throughput is determined on the stream, the determined value is given a predetermined value the throughput is compared and the crushing of the aluminum scrap and / or its promotion to the sorting system or to the individual sorting lines is controlled depending on the result of the comparison.
  • the scrap fragments are provided by a previous processing station for processing aluminum scrap.
  • the providing station is a preceding processing station for processing aluminum scrap.
  • the supply of scrap fragments to the processing station in a predetermined throughput range can be ensured by the regulation by means of the throughput measuring device, even if the preceding Processing station that provides scrap fragments with uneven or inappropriate throughput.
  • a buffer memory such as a silo
  • the buffer memory of the buffer memory may be controlled depending on the result of the comparison to reach a supply to the processing station in a predetermined flow rate range.
  • the flow rate value is a mass flow rate, volume flow rate, unit rate rate, or area rate value.
  • a belt weigher may be provided, which may be integrated in particular in the conveyor.
  • a laser triangulation device can be provided.
  • a laser beam can be directed onto the conveying device, in particular onto a conveyor belt, and the position of the laser spot can be determined by means of several cameras (by triangulation). In this way, the filling level of the scrap fragments on the conveyor, such as the conveyor belt, determined on the basis of the vertical position of the laser spot and thus a value for the flow can be derived.
  • a separating device which separates the scrap fragments, and a detection device, such as a camera, a light barrier or a laser or X-ray-based detection unit that detects the scattered scrap fragments so that the number of scrap fragments per unit time can be determined.
  • a detection device such as a camera, a light barrier or a laser or X-ray-based detection unit that detects the scattered scrap fragments so that the number of scrap fragments per unit time can be determined.
  • a detection device such as a camera, a light barrier or a laser or X-ray-based detection unit that detects the scattered scrap fragments so that the number of scrap fragments per unit time can be determined.
  • a detection device such as a camera, a light barrier or a laser or X-ray-based detection unit that detects the scattered scrap fragments so that the number of scrap fragments per unit time can be determined.
  • control device is set up to compare the measured value for the throughput with a lower and an upper limit value and to control the supply station and / or the conveyor in such a manner dependent on the comparison result that the throughput is increased by a predetermined value if the measured value for the flow rate is below the lower limit value for a predetermined period of time and the flow rate is reduced by a predetermined value if the measured value for the flow rate exceeds the upper limit value for a predetermined period of time.
  • the upper limit is greater than the lower limit.
  • the lower and upper limits are used to control the permissible throughput range.
  • control device is configured to allow a further reduction or increase in the throughput after a reduction or increase in the throughput only after a predetermined period of time. In this way it is considered that there is a latency between the readjustment of the staging station or the conveyor and the measurable reduction or increase of the throughput. An overregulation is avoided in this way. In particular, it is avoided in this way that the throughput is increased too much, which can lead to an overload of the processing station.
  • control device is configured to compare the measured value for the throughput with a first upper limit value and with a second, higher upper limit value, and to control the provisioning station and / or the conveyor device in such a way depending on the result of the comparisons the flow rate is reduced by a first predetermined value if the measured value of the flow rate is above the first upper limit value for a predetermined period of time and the flow rate is reduced by a second predetermined value as soon as the measured flow rate value exceeds the second upper limit. In this way, a combined control is achieved.
  • a sustained moderate deviation i. If the first upper limit is exceeded for a certain period of time, a moderate control is performed so that too much readjustment is avoided.
  • a large deviation i. when the second upper limit is exceeded, an immediate, preferably large, reduction in throughput is achieved to avoid overloading the processing station.
  • the first sorting line comprises a first throughput measuring device, which is adapted to carry, at the scrap mass flow fed to the first sorting line, i. the first fractional scrap mass flow to measure a value for its flow rate
  • the second sorting line comprises a second flow rate measuring device adapted to be fed at the scrap mass flow supplied to the second sorting line, i. the second fractional scrap mass flow to measure a value for its throughput.
  • a value for its throughput is determined on the first and the second partial scrap mass flow. In this way, the throughputs of the two sorting lines can be monitored separately.
  • control device is set up to compare the value detected by the first throughput measuring device with a predetermined value for the throughput of the first sorting line, and the to compare the value detected by the second throughput measuring device with a predetermined value for the throughput of the second sorting line.
  • the throughput values measured at the first and at the second partial scrap mass flow are each compared with a predetermined value for the throughput of the first or second sorting line.
  • the predetermined value for the throughput of the first sorting line and the predetermined value for the throughput of the second sorting line may be different or the same.
  • control device is configured to compare the value detected by the first throughput measuring device with a predetermined lower limit value and a predetermined upper limit value for the throughput of the first sorting line and the value detected by the second throughput measuring device with a predetermined lower limit value and a predetermined upper limit for the throughput of the second sorting line. In this way, it is possible to monitor the throughputs in a respective throughput window for the two sorting lines.
  • control device is adapted to a conveyor upstream of the screen classifier and / or a supply device upstream of the screen classifier, for example a buffer or a shredder, depending on the result of the comparison of a value detected by the first flow meter with a predetermined threshold and dependent to control the result of the comparison of a value detected by the second flow rate measuring means with a predetermined limit value.
  • a conveyor upstream of the screen classifier and / or a supply device upstream of the screen classifier for example a buffer or a shredder
  • control device is preferably configured to cause an increase in the throughput only if the value detected by the first throughput measuring devices is below a predetermined value, in particular below a lower limit value of the first sorting line, and the value detected by the first throughput measuring device is below a predetermined value, in particular below a lower limit value of the second sorting line.
  • the default values may be the same or different.
  • control device is preferably configured to cause a reduction in the throughput when the value detected by the first throughput measuring devices is above a predetermined value, in particular above an upper limit value of the first sorting line, or the value detected by the first throughput measuring devices above a predetermined value is, in particular over an upper limit of the second sorting line.
  • the default values may be the same or different. In this way, the throughput is already reduced when a sorting line is overloaded, even if the other sorting line may be underloaded as a result. Although this leads to an overall lower throughput of the individual sorting line, but this is deliberately accepted to ensure the proper functioning of the entire sorting system.
  • the throughput measuring devices can also be used in a synergistically advantageous manner in order to evaluate the state of the sieve classifying device and / or of a comminuting plant located upstream of the sorting plant.
  • the control device is preferably configured to monitor the values detected by the first throughput measuring device and the values detected by the second throughput measuring device for a throughput shift from one to the other sorting line.
  • a throughput shift is understood to mean that the throughput of one sorting line increases over time at the expense of the throughput of the other sorting line.
  • Such a shift can be an indicator that the crushing result of a sorting plant upstream crushing plant changed, which in turn is an indicator of the wear of the crushing plant. If, for example, there is a throughput shift from the sorting line for smaller fragment sizes (screen underflow) to the sorting line for larger fragment sizes (screen overflow), this is an indicator of the deteriorating comminution efficiency and thus of the wear of the comminution system.
  • the control device preferably controls the sorting system as a function of the occurrence of a throughput shift and / or causes the output of user information via a user interface, for example a warning message via a screen.
  • a throughput shift can also occur, for example, when a sieve of the sieve classifier is added, so that the sieve openings become smaller and progressively smaller scrap fragments get into the sieve overflow and thus to the sorting line for larger fragment sizes.
  • a fragment size measuring device is preferably provided on the first and / or the second sorting line which determines a value for the scrap fragment sizes of the partial scrap mass flow supplied to the respective sorting lines.
  • the fragment size measuring device may be, for example, a camera which is arranged above a conveyor belt of a sorting line.
  • the fragment size measuring device may be formed separately or combined with the throughput measuring device.
  • the control means is preferably adapted to monitor when in the sorting line for larger scrap fragments (screen overflow) scrap fragments emerge, which should be fed by the Siebklassiervoriques the sorting line for smaller scrap fragments (Siebunterlauf).
  • the control device may, for example, the frequency of occurrence of scrap fragments below a predetermined grain size in the sorting line for monitor larger scrap fragments and compare them with a given, allowed frequency. Depending on this comparison, the control device can then control the sorting system and / or cause the output of user information via a user interface, for example a warning message via a screen.
  • the first sorting line comprises an eddy current separator and the second sorting line comprises an eddy current separator or the first sorting line comprises an X-ray-based sorting device and the second sorting line comprises an X-ray-based sorting device or the first sorting line comprises an air classifier and the second sorting line comprises one air classifier.
  • each of the first and second sorting lines comprises an eddy current separator or the first and second sorting lines each comprise an X-ray-based sorting device or the first and second sorting lines each comprise an air classifier.
  • Each of the first and second sorting lines may also comprise a plurality of said components (eddy current separator, X-ray-based sorting device, air classifier).
  • the first and the second partial scrap mass flow are each by means of an eddy current separator the first and the second partial scrap mass flow are sorted or respectively sorted by carrying out X-ray-based measurements on scrap fragments of the first and second partial scrap mass flow and sorting the scrap fragments based on the associated measurement result, or the first and the second partial scrap mass flow are respectively determined by means of a Windsichters sorted.
  • Eddy current separators, X-ray sorting equipment and air classifiers work particularly well with the particle size distribution for which it was designed.
  • the scrap mass flow is divided into partial scrap mass flows with different particle size distributions and a respective sorting of the partial scrap mass flows with its own Wirbelstromscheider, an X-rayed sorting device and / or an air classifier, the two Wirbelstromscheider, the two X-ray-based sorting devices or the two air classifier to the particle size distribution be adapted to the respective sorting line, so that over a wide grain size distribution optimized sorting can be done.
  • UBC scrap is scrap metal from used aluminum beverage cans.
  • AA5xxx series AA: Aluminum Association
  • AA584 AA5xxx series
  • AA3xxx series AA3104
  • UBC scrap has various non-metallic contaminants, such as plastic films, sand or water, but also various metallic contaminants, such as fragments of non-aluminum alloys or cast aluminum.
  • the further challenge in the processing of UBC scrap is that the scrap is compressed at the aluminum can collection points and scrap yards into more or less compacted packages.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example of packets 2 of UBC scrap, which have a relatively low degree of compaction with a density of 200 kg / m 3 .
  • the aluminum cans contained in the packages or aluminum can fragments 4 are pressed together relatively loosely.
  • packages 2 individual aluminum can fragments 4 already with relatively little effort, sometimes even by hand, remove.
  • packages are typically wrapped with a plastic film 6 and can be stored or transported on a pallet 8, for example.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of packets 12 of UBC scrap having a high degree of compaction with a density of 1200 kg / m 3 .
  • the aluminum cans contained in the packages or aluminum can fragments 14 are strongly compressed. Typically, it is not possible to manually remove aluminum can fragments 14 from such a package 12. In particular, the aluminum can fragments 14 are pressed together so strongly that the packages also hold together without further aids such as plastic films or the like.
  • Fig. 3 now shows a diagram of a recycling plant or a recycling process for aluminum scrap from the prior art.
  • the recycling plant 20 comprises a comminuting plant 22, a sorting plant 24, a paint stripping plant 26 and a melting furnace 28.
  • the scrap is first placed in the crushing plant 22 and comminuted there.
  • the shredded scrap is then placed in the sorting plant 24 and sorted there to remove contaminants from the scrap.
  • the sorted scrap is then supplied to the paint stripping plant 26 in order to remove varnish layers from the beverage can fragments and finally melted down in the melting furnace 28.
  • Fig. 4 shows a diagram of the sorting system 24 of the recycling plant 20 from Fig. 3 ,
  • the sorting system 24 has a plurality of successive sorting device 30, 32, 34 in order to sort out various impurities from the comminuted by the crushing plant 22 scrap 36.
  • the sorting device 30 is a magnetic separator, with the magnetizable foreign scrap, i. essentially ferrous scrap, can be sorted out.
  • the sorting device 32 is an eddy current separator, with which non-metallic impurities such as plastics can be sorted out.
  • the sorting device 34 is an X-ray-based sorting device with which, for example, foreign alloys or cast aluminum can be sorted out.
  • the sorted scrap 38 is then transported to the paint stripping plant 26 after leaving the sorting device 30.
  • Fig. 5 now shows an embodiment of the sorting system according to the invention and the sorting method according to the invention for sorting aluminum scrap, in particular UBC scrap.
  • the sorting plant 52 comprises a sieve classifying device 54 with a sieve 56, with which a scrap mass flow 58 supplied to the sorting plant 52 is divided into a first partial scrap mass flow 60 and a second partial scrap mass flow 62.
  • the scrap mass flow 58 is screened in the Siebklassiervorraum 54 with the sieve 56 so that scrap fragments with a grain size of more than 30 mm remain on the screen and scrap fragments fall with a grain size up to 30 mm through the sieve.
  • the screen overflow i. The scrap fragments with a grain size of more than 30 mm, form the first partial scrap mass flow 60.
  • the Siebklassiervortechnisch conference 54 also includes a second sieve 64, with which the Siebunterlauf, ie the scrap fragments with a grain size up to 30 mm, are sieved.
  • the sieve 64 scrap fragments with a grain size up to 8 mm, ie so-called fine grain, can be sieved.
  • the remaining scrap fragments with grain sizes between 8 and 30 mm form the second partial scrap mass flow 62.
  • the fine grain is poorly suited for sorting and is therefore preferably supplied to a container 66 for the fine grain fraction and in this way removed from the recycling process.
  • the sorting installation 52 has a first sorting line 68a and a second sorting line 68b, each of which comprises a plurality of successive sorting devices 70a-b, 72a-b, 74a-b for individual-grain sorting.
  • the first sorting line 68a is supplied with the first partial scrap mass flow 60 and the second sorting line 68b is supplied with the second partial scrap mass flow 62.
  • the sorting devices 70a-b are magnetic separators, with which from the first and second partial scrap mass flow 60, 62 magnetizable foreign scraps, i. essentially ferrous scrap, can be sorted out.
  • the magnetic separators 70a-b can, for example, have a conveyor belt deflected at one edge, on the underside of which permanent magnets are provided. While non-magnetizable fragments fly off the conveyor belt at the edge, magnetizable fragments remain attached to the conveyor belt because of the permanent magnets and can thus be sorted out and fed, for example, to a container 76 for the magnetizable fraction.
  • the sorting devices 72a-b are eddy current separators with which non-metallic impurities, for example plastics, can be sorted out of the first or second partial scrap mass flow 60, 62.
  • the eddy current separators may, for example, have a conveyor belt deflected at an edge, wherein a permanent magnet is rotated at high speed at the edge and thereby generates an electromagnetic alternating field at the edge.
  • the scrap fragments transported on the conveyor fly at the edge of the conveyor belt.
  • the electromagnetic alternating field induces an eddy current in electrically conductive scrap fragments, so that these fragments fly on as non-conductive scrap fragments.
  • the latter can be sorted out with the eddy current separators 72a-b and supplied, for example, to a container 78 for the non-metallic fraction.
  • the sorting devices 74a-b are X-ray-based sorting devices with which, in particular, fragments of foreign alloys or cast aluminum can be sorted out and fed to a container 80 for this foreign scrap fraction.
  • the operation of these X-ray based sorting devices 74a-b will be discussed below Fig. 6 and 7 explained in detail.
  • the sorting efficiency can be increased by adapting these sorting devices to the grain size distribution of the first partial scrap mass flow 60.
  • the sorted partial scrap mass flows 60 and 62 are again combined to form a sorted scrap mass flow 82 and supplied to a paint stripping plant for further processing, for example.
  • the transport of the scrap mass flows or partial scrap mass flows through the sorting system 52 takes place by means of a transport system 84, which may have, for example, conveyor belts and / or conveyor screws, with which the scrap mass flow 58 to Siebklassiervorraum 54 and the Generalschrottmassenströme 60, 62 transported through the respective sorting lines 68a-b can be and the Railschrottmassenströme 60, 62 merged after passing through the sorting lines 68a-b for sorted scrap mass flow 82 and can be transported out of the sorting system 52 out.
  • a transport system 84 which may have, for example, conveyor belts and / or conveyor screws, with which the scrap mass flow 58 to Siebklassiervorides 54 and the Operaschrottmassenströme 60, 62 transported through the respective sorting lines 68a-b can be and the Generalschrottmassenströme 60, 62 merged after passing through the sorting lines 68a-b for sorted scrap mass flow 82 and can be transported out of the
  • the transport system 84 is preferably configured to wholly or partially introduce the first partial scrap mass flow 60 into the second partial scrap mass flow 62 or the second partial scrap mass flow 60 into the first partial scrap mass flow 62 before the second partial scrap mass flow contains the second or the first partial scrap mass flow the first sorting line 68a-b goes through.
  • the transport system 84 may, for example, comprise two correspondingly arranged conveyor screws or conveyor belts 86a-b or alternatively a reversing conveyor screw or a reversing conveyor belt.
  • the sorting system 52 continue to operate by the first Partschrottmassenstrom 60 is supplied via the feed screw 86a the second Partschrottmassenstrom 62 and passes through the second sorting line 68b together with this.
  • a very unequal distribution of the scrap mass flow 58 to the first and second partial scrap mass flow 60, 62 can be compensated by converting a part of the larger partial scrap mass flow into the smaller partial scrap mass flow.
  • the sorting system 52 further comprises a control device 88 for controlling the sorting system 52.
  • the control device 88 can be set up to control the transport system 52.
  • Fig. 6 shows the X-ray based sorting device 74a Fig. 5 in a schematic sectional view.
  • the X-ray-based sorting device 74a has a conveyor belt 102, on which the scrap fragments 104 of the first partial scrap mass flow 60 pass after they have left the eddy current separator 72a. With the Conveyor belt 102, the scrap fragments 104 are transported to a measuring device 106, which is set up for dual-energy X-ray transmission measurement.
  • the measuring device 106 has an X-ray source 108 arranged above the conveyor belt 102 for generating X-radiation 110 and a detector arrangement 112 arranged below the conveyor belt 102, with which the absorption of the X-ray radiation 110 can be determined for two different X-ray energies.
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of a dual-energy X-ray transmission measurement with the measuring device 106.
  • the detector arrangement 112 has a first detector 114 for measuring the low-energy x-radiation 110a transmitted through the scrap fragment 104.
  • a filter 116 is arranged, which blocks the low-energy X-ray radiation 110a.
  • the second detector 118 arranged below the filter 116 thus measures only the transmitted high-energy x-ray radiation 110b that passes through the filter 116.
  • the X-ray intensity measured by the first and second detectors 114, 118 depends on the density and thickness of the scrap fragment 104. Therefore, a value for the density and a value for the thickness of the scrap fragment 104 can be determined from the x-ray intensities measured for the two x-ray energies.
  • the measuring device 106 can determine whether the scrap fragment 104 is an aluminum alloy or a foreign alloy.
  • the sorting device 74a in Fig. 6 also has a compressed air sorting device 120 arranged at the end of the conveyor belt 102, with the scrap fragments can be sorted out individually.
  • the compressed air sorting device 120 has a compressed air tank 122 and via a line 124 connected to this, controllable compressed-air nozzles 126.
  • a compressed-air nozzle corresponding to the position of the scrap fragment 104 on the band is opened when the relevant scrap fragment 104 has reached the end of the band.
  • the scrap fragment 104 is selectively sorted out by a sharp air blast and transported to the container 80 for the foreign alloy fraction. In this way, the scrap fragments 104 can be sorted density-dependent.
  • the sorting device 74a is further configured to sort the scrap fragments 104 depending on the thickness.
  • the measuring device 106 compares the determined value for the thickness of the measured scrap fragment 104 with a predetermined thickness range, which is adapted to the typical wall thicknesses of aluminum beverage cans and the typical number of superimposed wall layers in scrap fragments with the particle size distribution of the first partial scrap mass flow.
  • scrap fragments of cast aluminum can be identified, which have a comparable density as aluminum beverage can fragments, but a considerably larger thickness.
  • Such foreign scrap can then also be sorted out with the compressed air sorting device 120.
  • the thickness-dependent sorting of the scrap fragments works effectively only in a limited range of grain sizes, since larger grain sizes are typically associated with larger thicknesses due to the multiple folding of wall layers. Therefore, this type of sorting is advantageous especially in the present sorting system, in which a division into two Partial scrap mass flows through sieve classification takes place, so that the respective X-ray-based sorting devices 74a-b can be adapted to the particle size distribution of the respective partial scrap mass flow 60, 62.
  • the larger scrap fragment sorter 74a may be configured to reject scrap fragments having a thickness exceeding six times a typical can wall thickness of 0.1 mm (ie, a thickness of 0.6 mm).
  • the smaller scrap fragments sorter 74b may be configured to reject out scrap fragments having a thickness four times the typical can wall thickness of 0.1 mm (ie, a thickness of 0.4 mm).
  • Fig. 8 shows a diagram of an embodiment of the recycling plant according to the invention and the recycling process according to the invention.
  • the recycling plant 140 includes a crushing plant 142 for crushing aluminum scrap.
  • the crushing plant 142 is downstream of the sorting plant described above with the sieve classifying device 54 and the two sorting lines 68a and 68b, to which the scrap fragments comminuted by the comminuting plant 142 are supplied as scrap mass flow 58.
  • the sorting plant 52 is followed by a paint stripping plant 144, which is fed to the scrap mass flow 82 sorted by the sorting plant 52.
  • paint strips on the surface of the aluminum beverage can fragments are evaporated in a hot air stream at about 400.degree.
  • the Entlackungsstrom 144 is finally still downstream of a melting furnace 146, in which the entlackten scrap fragments can then be melted down and processed metallurgically
  • the UBC scrap can be sorted with the sorting system 52 effectively and with high throughput, so that the subsequent Entlackungsstrom 144 and the subsequent melting furnace 146 a Verunreingungsarmer scrap mass flow can be supplied as possible.
  • This achieves a lower-noise operation of the paint stripping plant 144 and of the melting furnace 146 and a better composition of the melt produced with the melting furnace 146 than with the recycling plant 20 of the prior art.
  • Fig. 9 shows an embodiment of the method and system according to the second aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the plant 200 for processing aluminum scrap comprises a processing station 202 for the treatment of aluminum scrap.
  • the processing station 202 may be, for example, the sorting system 52 or one of the two sorting lines 68a or 68b Fig. 8 act.
  • the installation 200 comprises a provisioning station 204, which is set up to provide scrap fragments.
  • the staging station 204 may be, for example, the crusher 142 Fig. 4 or to act on a provided between the crushing plant 142 and the sorting 52 optionally provided buffer memory.
  • the plant 200 further comprises a conveyor 206, which in Fig. 6 exemplified as a conveyor belt is formed. With the conveyor 206, scrap fragments provided by the providing station are transported as stream 208 to the processing station 202 and fed to it.
  • the plant 200 further includes a flow meter 210 configured to measure a flow rate of the stream 208 at the stream 208 of scrap fragments.
  • the throughput meter 210 may include a camera system 212 that estimates the number of scrap fragments per unit of time or that of the scrap fragments on the Conveyor belt 206 occupied area determined.
  • a separating device 214 is provided for this purpose, which previously singulated the scrap fragments on the conveyor belt 206.
  • a belt scale 216 may also be provided to determine a value for the mass flow.
  • a device for laser triangulation (not shown) may be provided to determine a value for the volume flow of the stream 208.
  • the throughput meter 210 may be used in Fig. 8 be arranged for example between the crushing plant 142 and the sorting system 52. It is also possible to provide a throughput measuring device 210 in each of the two sorting lines 68a and 68b.
  • the flow rate value determined by the throughput meter 210 is compared in a designated controller 218 with a predetermined value for the throughput.
  • the controller 218 may determine whether the measured value for the flow rate exceeds a predetermined upper limit or falls below a predetermined lower limit.
  • the controller 218 drives the conveyor 206 and / or the staging station 204.
  • the control device 218 can control a removal device 220 of the delivery device 204 and the delivery device 206 such that the removal rate of the removal device 220 and the transport speed of the transport belt 206 are increased (decreased) if the measured value for the throughput is too low (too high) ,
  • the supply station 204 for example a silo or a silo group, for example a silo arranged between the comminution plant 142 and the sorting plant 52, or the comminution plant 142 itself, are set to an initial discharge rate of, for example, 10 t / hour.
  • the control by the controller 218 may be performed, for example, after a predetermined period of time, e.g. 180 s, start after the start of the X-ray sorter, Wirbelstromscheiders or air classifier.
  • the controller 218 determines that the flow rate value measured by the flowmeter 210 is below the lower limit for more than, for example, 10 seconds, the controller 218 controls the extraction device 220 (or shredder 142) such that the discharge rate is, for example is increased by 0.1 t / hour. If, after 90 seconds (time from silo discharge to flow meter 210), the throughput is still below the first limit, the output power is increased again, for example by 0.1 t / hour again.
  • controller 218 determines that the rate of flow rate measured by flowmeter 210 is greater than e.g. 10 s above the first and below the second upper limit, the control device 218 controls the removal device 220 (or the comminution device 142) such that the discharge capacity is reduced by 0.25 t / hour, for example. If, after 90 seconds (time from silo discharge to flow meter 210), the flow rate continues to be in the range between the first and second upper limits, the output power is reduced again, for example by 0.25 t / hour again.
  • the controller 218 determines that the flow rate measured by the flow meter 210 is above the second upper limit
  • the controller 218 controls the extractor 220 (or shredder 142) to immediately reduce, for example, the discharge rate 0.5 t / h to avoid overloading the X-ray sorter, eddy current separator or air classifier. If, after 90 seconds (time from silo discharge to flow meter 210), the flow rate is still above the second upper limit, the output power is reduced again, for example 0.5 t / hour again.
  • Fig. 10 shows a further embodiment of the sorting system and the sorting method.
  • the first and second throughput measuring devices 302, 304 may each comprise a belt weigher with which values for the mass flows of the partial scrap mass flows 60, 62 are determined.
  • the first and the second flow rate measuring devices 302, 304 can each also have a laser triangulation device with which values for the volume flows of the partial scrap mass flows 60, 62 are determined in each case.
  • the control device 88 is set up to initiate the regulation of the scrap mass flow 58 fed to the sorting system 52 ', for example by controlling a processing plant upstream of the sorting plant 52', such as the comminution plant 142 or a buffer storage, and / or a transport system containing the scrap mass flow 58 transported to the sorting system 52 '.
  • the control preferably takes place as a function of a comparison of a value measured by the first throughput measuring device 302 with a limit value for the first sorting line 68a and depending on a comparison of a value measured by the second throughput measuring device 304 with a limit value for the second sorting line 68b.
  • the controller 88 may be configured to cause an increase in the throughput of the scrap mass flow 58 fed to the sorter 52 only when the first and second sorter lines 68a-b are under load, for example, when the values measured by the first flow meter 302 are below a predetermined lower limit for the first sorting line 68a and that of the second one Throughput meter 304 measured values are below a predetermined lower limit for the second sorting line 68b. In this way it is prevented that the throughput increase of the scrap mass flow 58 due to the underload in only one sorting line leads to an overload in the other sorting line.
  • controller 88 may be configured to cause the reduction in throughput of the scrap mass flow 58 fed to the sorter 52 'when the first or second sorter lines 68a-b are overloaded, for example, when the values measured by the first flow meter 302 are above one predetermined upper limit value for the first sorting line 68a and the values measured by the second throughput measuring device 304 are above a predetermined upper limit value for the second sorting line 68b. In this way, an overload of a sorting line is prevented, whereby a possible underload of the other sorting line is accepted.
  • the sorting system 52 'additionally has a fragment size measuring device 306.
  • the fragment size measuring device 306 comprises a camera with which image data of the partial scrap mass flow 60 fed to the first sorting line 68a are recorded.
  • the controller 88 determines the image data by image processing techniques, e.g. by an outline recognition, values for the grain sizes of scrap fragments in the partial scrap mass flow 60.
  • the control device 88 determines that a throughput shift from one to another sorting line occurs over time, for example that the throughput of the second sorting line 68b decreases and the throughput of the first sorting line 68a increases, this is an indicator that the crushing efficiency of the crushing plant 142 is decreasing due to wear or that a screen 56 has been added to the screen classifier 54.
  • the Control device 88 can then, for example, output a corresponding warning via a user interface (not shown) and, if necessary, partially or completely stop sorting system 52 'or the recycling system.
  • control device 88 Since the control device 88 additionally determines whether there are small scrap fragments in the first sorting line 68a which are actually to be supplied to the second sorting line 68b, the control device 88 can switch between the two previously described situations (wear of the comminution system 142 or Clogging of the screen 56), as an accumulation of small scrap fragments in the first sorting line 68a indicates that the screen 56 has become clogged. The control device 88 can then output a correspondingly differentiated warning via the user interface.
  • the throughput measuring devices 302, 304 can not only be used for throughput control in order to operate the sorting system 52 'at the optimum operating point, but the throughput measuring devices 302, 304 can synergetically advantageously also simultaneously for monitoring the state of the comminuting device 142 or the Siebklassiervorraum 54 be co-used.

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