EP3238836B1 - Assembly for sorting bulk material - Google Patents

Assembly for sorting bulk material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3238836B1
EP3238836B1 EP17156184.8A EP17156184A EP3238836B1 EP 3238836 B1 EP3238836 B1 EP 3238836B1 EP 17156184 A EP17156184 A EP 17156184A EP 3238836 B1 EP3238836 B1 EP 3238836B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bulk material
control unit
selectors
measuring device
mass
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EP17156184.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3238836A1 (en
Inventor
Reinhard Schnitzer
Roland Steininger
Mile Djuricic
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Nuclear Engineering Seibersdorf GmbH
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Nuclear Engineering Seibersdorf GmbH
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Publication of EP3238836A1 publication Critical patent/EP3238836A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/346—Sorting according to other particular properties according to radioactive properties

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for sorting bulk material, in particular with radioactive content, according to the patent claim 1.
  • the non-contaminated bulk material which is referred to as unproblematic because it does not have the property in question, albeit in small quantities, mixed with contaminated bulk material, as the non-contaminated bulk material deposited or in the Near should be brought.
  • too large amounts of non-contaminated bulk material get to the contaminated bulk material, as this would increase the amount of material to be disposed of or stored in intermediate storage and would substantially increase the disposal or storage costs.
  • sorting systems known from the prior art there is the problem that due to the transmission by dust easily individual impurities, that is bulk material containing the property in question reaches the container for non-contaminated bulk material.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a sorting method in which a contamination of the uncontaminated bulk material, which does not have a certain property, with contaminated, a predetermined property having bulk material is prevented as possible.
  • the invention solves this problem in an arrangement for sorting bulk material having the features of patent claim 1.
  • the deflector is roof-shaped and the bulk material passes via one of the walls of the deflector in one of the containers.
  • a preferred control for advantageous sorting by means of the arrangement provides a mass measuring device for determining the mass of the bulk material inside the cup segment facing the conveyor belt, wherein the determined by the mass measuring device measurement result of the control unit is supplied, wherein the control unit, the integral of the measurement result of the measuring device, in particular since the last activation of the drive unit, determined over time and divided by the measurement result of the mass measuring device and thus determines a mass-specific measurement, and wherein the control unit compares the mass-specific measured variable with a threshold, wherein the control unit determines the direction of rotation of the drive unit depending on whether the Threshold exceeded or fallen below.
  • An activation of the drive unit is particularly advantageous if the measuring device detects bulk material whose predetermined property exceeds a predetermined upper threshold or falls below a predetermined lower threshold, at the time when this bulk material falls from the conveyor belt, and / or if the filling volume in the conveyor unit facing cup segment exceeds a predetermined threshold, wherein a control unit upstream level measuring unit determines the level and the control unit supplies.
  • the selectors are arranged such that the entire contents of the Conveyor of the totality of the selectors is added, that for each longitudinal section of the conveyor belt, the content is conveyed in each case the same selector, each a separate measuring device is specified, the measuring range exclusively or at least predominantly detects the longitudinal section, that for each of the selectors a separate drive unit , If appropriate, a separate mass measuring device and optionally a separate level measuring unit is provided, that the control unit performs the control of the selectors for each of the selectors separately, and that in particular for all Sel eectors a common roof-shaped deflector and two containers are provided.
  • control unit suppresses the activation of the other selectors during the period of activation of one of the selectors by one of the drive units and / or deactivates all mass measuring devices.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention, are separated with the contaminated and uncontaminated bulk material.
  • Fig. 2 shows the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment of the invention in plan view of the conveyor belt.
  • Fig. 3 shows a measured variable detected by the measuring device.
  • Fig. 4 shows a second preferred embodiment of the invention with a plurality of distributed over the width of the conveyor selectors.
  • Fig. 1 is a preferred embodiment of the invention shown in detail in detail.
  • Fig. 2 is the in Fig. 1 shown arrangement from above.
  • Arrangement 20 comprises a conveyor 21 in the form of a conveyor belt for the continuous conveyance of bulk material 1.
  • the bulk material 1 is waste, which is a mixture of contaminated bulk material 11 with a certain property, such as radioactivity or toxicity, and uncontaminated bulk material 12 exists that does not have the property in question.
  • the aim of the given method is to separate the bulk material 1 into two different containers 24, 25, namely a first container 25, in which only non-contaminated or not the predetermined property exhibiting bulk material 12 should be and on the other hand in a second container 24, in which, if possible, as much contaminated bulk 12 is that the property in question such.
  • B. has radioactivity or toxicity. Due to the sorting carried out, it should be possible to deposit the non-contaminated bulk material 12 located in the container 25 or to dispose it into the environment, while the bulk material 11 contained in container 24, which has the property in question, should be concentrated as high as possible Storage or disposal causes greater costs and the movement of unclogged bulk material 12 leads to an unnecessary increase in the storage quantity. The proportion of non-contaminated bulk materials 11 in the container 24 should be as low as possible.
  • the selector 22 is formed in the form of a rotatably mounted drum, projecting from the axis of the drum of the selector 22 radial walls 221a, 221b, 221c, thereby cup segments 222a, 222b, 222c are formed.
  • the cup segments 222a, 222b, 222c is arranged below the end of the conveyor 21 such that the bulk material 1 falling from the conveyor 21 falls down into the cup segment 222a.
  • the selector 22 is driven by a drive unit 27 comprising the selector 22 and so that each rotatably mounted cup segments 221a, 221b, 221c continue to turn each arc section, in particular 120 degrees, so depending on the direction of rotation of the content of the cup segment 222 in which the bulk material 1 has been promoted either in the container 24 for contaminated bulk 11th or is conveyed into the container 25 for uncontaminated bulk material 12.
  • a drive unit 27 comprising the selector 22 and so that each rotatably mounted cup segments 221a, 221b, 221c continue to turn each arc section, in particular 120 degrees, so depending on the direction of rotation of the content of the cup segment 222 in which the bulk material 1 has been promoted either in the container 24 for contaminated bulk 11th or is conveyed into the container 25 for uncontaminated bulk material 12.
  • another cup segment 222b, 222c enters a position in which bulk material 1 falling from the conveyor 21 passes into this cup segment 222b, 222c.
  • a roof-shaped deflector 23 which comprises two walls 231 a, 231 b, which converge at an edge 233. These walls 231a, 231b are advantageously formed obliquely and allow the slippage of the bulk material 1 from each to be emptied cup segment 222a, 222b, 222c in the respective container.
  • the edge 233 of the deflector 23 Due to a special design or spacing of the edge 233 of the deflector 23 from a wall 221a delimiting the cup segment 222a, it is precluded that particles of the bulk material 1 which are to be conveyed into one of the two containers 24, 25 are inadvertently inserted into the respective other container 24, 25 arrive.
  • the two containers 24, 25 are arranged on one side of the edge 223. When the selector is stationary, the two containers 24, 25 are separated from one another by the wall 221, which is opposite to the respective cup segment 222a, 222b, 222c to be filled.
  • the bulk material 1 is conveyed by the conveyor 21 through the receiving region 261 of a measuring device 26, which is directed to the conveyor and detects when bulk material 1 with the predetermined property, in particular radioactive bulk material 12 is transported on the conveyor 21.
  • the measuring device 26 is connected to a control unit 28, to which the respective measurement results of the measuring device 26 are supplied.
  • the measuring device is at such a distance from the selector end of the conveyor belt 21, which in the event that in the receiving area 261 contaminated bulk material 11, a timely pivoting of the selector 22 is possible to avoid the uncontaminated content of the cup segment 222a is contaminated by the contaminated bulk material 11 found.
  • the measuring device 26 is preferably farther from the selector end of the conveyor belt than 1 cm.
  • the processing time of the measurement results obtained by the measuring device 26 at the time of rotation of the selector 22 may additionally be added. This prevents bulk material from entering the selector 22 before the evaluation of the measurement results has been completed. In particular, the contamination of the per se unloaded contents of a cup segment can be avoided by this procedure. As the material passes the measuring device, data evaluation and decision-making takes place, which is completed when the material at the end of the conveyor unit 21 falls into the selector 22. If contaminations are discovered, the selector 22 can be activated, with the contaminated bulk material already falling into a new cup segment.
  • the control unit 28 determines whether the property measured by means of the measuring device 26, for example radioactivity emanating from the bulk material 1 located in the measuring region 261, exceeds a predetermined threshold value I th . If this is the case, then preferably after a period of time .DELTA.t, the drive unit 27 for rotation of the selector 22 at a time T S are activated.
  • control unit 28 may drive the drive unit 27 even if the contents of a cup segment 222a exceed a prescribed weight or volume threshold.
  • a mass measuring device 29 may be predetermined, which determines the mass of the bulk material 11 within the cup segment 222a facing the conveyor belt. The determined by the mass measuring device 29 Measurement result is also supplied to the control unit 28.
  • the selector 21 is mounted via a suspension 291 and connecting elements 292x, 292y.
  • the control unit 28 can, for example, determine the integral or the sum of the measurement results of the measuring device 26, in particular since the last activation of the drive unit 27, over time and divide it by the measurement result of the mass measuring device 29 in order to determine a mass-specific measured variable. If this mass-specific measured variable is below the threshold value, the bulk material in cup segment 221a can be emptied into the container 25 for uncontaminated bulk material 12. If the threshold is above, the bulk material 1 contained in the cup segment 222a is emptied into the container 24 for contaminated bulk material 11.
  • the activation of the drive unit 27 can take place at different times.
  • an activation of the drive unit 27 by the control unit 28 is advantageous if the measuring device 26 detects bulk material 11 whose predetermined property exceeds a predetermined upper threshold value.
  • the control unit 28 can activate the drive unit 27 before this contaminated bulk material 11 falls off the conveyor belt, in order to avoid that heavily contaminated bulk material still falls into a cup segment 221a, which hitherto contains only uncontaminated bulk material.
  • control unit 28 can also activate the drive unit 27 when the filling volume in the cup segment 222a facing the conveyor unit 21 exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
  • This filling volume can be determined, for example, with a fill-level measuring unit 30 connected upstream of the control unit 28.
  • This filling level measuring unit 30 is designed to detect the filling volume in the cup segment facing the conveying unit 21 by means of ultrasound, radar or visually.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in which a plurality of about the same axis rotationally arranged selectors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d is provided.
  • the selectors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d are arranged such that the entire content of the conveyor belt is taken up by the entirety of the selectors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, this means that the entire bulk material 21 conveyed on the conveyor belt 21 has a total of in each case one of the selectors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d falls.
  • each longitudinal section 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d of the conveyor belt is in each case a selector 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d and a separate measuring device 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, the measuring range of which exclusively or predominantly covers the relevant longitudinal section 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d of the conveyor belt 21.
  • a separate drive unit optionally also a separate mass measuring device 291a, 291b, 291c, 291d and optionally a separate level measuring device may be provided. If separate mass measuring devices are respectively made for the individual selectors, then it is advantageous if, for each selector 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, a separate suspension 291a, 291b, 291c, 291d is provided which in each case has a separate bearing 292a, 292b, 292c, 292d is stored.
  • the control unit 28 performs the control of the selectors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d separately respectively, with a control according to the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment is possible.
  • the roof-shaped deflector 23 and the two containers 24, 25 for contaminated or not contaminated bulk material 11, 12 may be formed together.
  • control by the control unit 28 can in principle be carried out independently for all selectors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, it can be provided to further avoid contamination that during the activation period one of the selectors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d passes through one of the drive units 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d, the activation of the remaining selectors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d is suppressed, or all mass measuring devices are disabled. In addition, there is also the possibility that during the activation of one of the selectors, the conveyor 21 is stopped.

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  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zum Sortieren von Schüttgut, insbesondere mit radioaktivem Anteil, gemäß dem Patentanspruch 1.The invention relates to an arrangement for sorting bulk material, in particular with radioactive content, according to the patent claim 1.

Aus dem Stand der Technik ist eine Vielzahl von Sortierverfahren bekannt, mit denen unterschiedliche Schüttgüter auf einfache Weise getrennt werden können. Bei Schüttgütern mit problematischen Eigenschaften wie z.B. starker Toxizität oder Radioaktivität besteht das Problem, dass eine Fördereinrichtung nur mit großem Aufwand einer Selektion unterzogen werden kann, bei der Schüttgut, das die betreffende Eigenschaft wie z.B. Radioaktivität oder Toxizität, aufweist in einen Behälter gefördert wird, Schüttgut, das diese Eigenschaft nicht aufweist in einen anderen Behälter gefördert wird.A variety of sorting methods are known from the prior art, with which different bulk materials can be separated in a simple manner. For bulk materials with problematic properties, e.g. severe toxicity or radioactivity, there is the problem that a conveyor can be subjected to a selection only at great expense, in which bulk material, the property in question such. Radioactivity or toxicity, conveyed in a container, is conveyed to bulk material that does not have this property in another container.

Aus der US 4,194,634 sind ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Trennung von radioaktivem von nicht radioaktivem Schüttgut bekannt, bei denen das Schüttgut an einem Strahlungsdetektor vorbeitransportiert und vermessen wird und je nach ermitteltem Messergebnis in eine von zwei nebeneinander platzierten Schüttrinnen befördert wird.From the US 4,194,634 a method and a device for the separation of radioactive from non-radioactive bulk material are known in which the bulk material is transported past a radiation detector and measured and is transported depending on the determined measurement result in one of two juxtaposed chutes.

Dabei ist es grundsätzlich zu vermeiden, dass das nicht verunreinigte Schüttgut, das als unproblematisch bezeichnet ist, da es die betreffende Eigenschaft nicht aufweist, wenn auch nur in geringen Mengen, mit verunreinigtem Schüttgut vermischt wird, da das nicht verunreinigte Schüttgut deponiert oder in die Unweit gebracht werden soll. Ebenso sollte es vermieden werden, dass allzu große Mengen von nicht verunreinigten Schüttgut zu dem verunreinigten Schüttgut gelangen, da dies die Menge des aufwendig zu entsorgende oder zwischenzulagernde Material erhöht und die Entsorgungs- oder Lagerkosten wesentlich erhöhen würde. Insbesondere bei aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Sortieranlagen besteht das Problem, dass aufgrund der Übertragung durch Staub ohne weiteres einzelne Verunreinigungen, das heißt Schüttgut, das die betreffende Eigenschaft enthält, in dem Behälter für nicht verunreinigtes Schüttgut gelangt.It is to be avoided in principle that the non-contaminated bulk material, which is referred to as unproblematic because it does not have the property in question, albeit in small quantities, mixed with contaminated bulk material, as the non-contaminated bulk material deposited or in the Near should be brought. Likewise, it should be avoided that too large amounts of non-contaminated bulk material get to the contaminated bulk material, as this would increase the amount of material to be disposed of or stored in intermediate storage and would substantially increase the disposal or storage costs. In particular, in sorting systems known from the prior art, there is the problem that due to the transmission by dust easily individual impurities, that is bulk material containing the property in question reaches the container for non-contaminated bulk material.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es somit, ein Sortierverfahren zu schaffen, bei dem eine Kontamination des nicht verunreinigten Schüttguts, das eine bestimmte Eigenschaft gerade nicht aufweist, mit verunreinigten, eine vorgegebene Eigenschaft aufweisenden Schüttgut möglichst unterbunden wird.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a sorting method in which a contamination of the uncontaminated bulk material, which does not have a certain property, with contaminated, a predetermined property having bulk material is prevented as possible.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe bei einer Anordnung zum Sortieren von Schüttgut mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention solves this problem in an arrangement for sorting bulk material having the features of patent claim 1.

Eine solche Anordnung umfasst erfindungsgemäß:

  1. a) eine, insbesondere kontinuierlich laufende, Fördereinrichtung zum Befördern des Schüttguts,
  2. b) einen Selektor mit einer Anzahl von zumindest drei, insbesondere drei, drehbar gelagerten Bechersegmenten, wobei jeweils eines der Bechersegmente derart unterhalb des Endes der Fördereinrichtung angeordnet ist, dass das von der Fördereinrichtung herabfallende Schüttgut in dieses Bechersegment fällt,
  3. c) einen Abweiser dessen an einer Kante zusammenlaufende schräge Wände jeweils die Kante mit derjenigen Wandung dichtend abschließen, die demjenigen Bechersegment gegenüberliegt, in das das Schüttgut gefördert wird,
  4. d) zwei Behälter, die auf jeweils einer Seite der Kante angeordnet sind und die durch die Wandung, die demjenigen Bechersegment gegenüberliegt, in das das Schüttgut gefördert wird, voneinander abgetrennt sind,
  5. e) eine Messvorrichtung, die auf einen Messbereich der Fördereinrichtung gerichtet ist und die detektiert, wenn sich Schüttgut mit der vorgegebenen Eigenschaft, insbesondere radioaktives Schüttgut, im Messbereich befindet,
  6. f) eine Antriebseinheit zur Drehung der drehbar gelagerten Bechersegmente um jeweils einen Bogenabschnitt, insbesondere 120°, sodass abhängig von der Drehrichtung der Inhalt des Bechersegments, in das das Schüttgut bislang gefördert wurde, entweder in den einen Behälter oder in den anderen Behälter gelangt, und Schüttgut fortan in ein anderes Bechersegment gefördert wird, und
  7. g) eine Steuereinheit, die die Antriebseinheit zur Drehung aktiviert, wobei die Drehrichtung abhängig vom Messergebnis der Messvorrichtung ist.
Such an arrangement comprises according to the invention:
  1. a) a, in particular continuously running, conveyor for conveying the bulk material,
  2. b) a selector having a number of at least three, in particular three, rotatably mounted cup segments, wherein each one of the cup segments is arranged below the end of the conveyor such that the falling of the conveyor bulk material falls into this cup segment,
  3. c) a deflector whose sloping walls converge at one edge, in each case sealing the edge with that wall which is opposite that cup segment into which the bulk material is conveyed,
  4. d) two containers, which are arranged on one side of the edge and which are separated from each other by the wall, which is opposite to that cup segment into which the bulk material is conveyed,
  5. e) a measuring device, which is directed to a measuring range of the conveyor and which detects when bulk material with the predetermined property, in particular radioactive bulk material, is in the measuring range,
  6. f) a drive unit for rotating the rotatably mounted cup segments by a respective arc section, in particular 120 °, so depending on the direction of rotation of the contents of the cup segment, in which the bulk material was previously promoted, either enters the one container or in the other container, and From now on bulk material is conveyed into another cup segment, and
  7. g) a control unit which activates the drive unit for rotation, wherein the direction of rotation is dependent on the measurement result of the measuring device.

Erfindungsgemäß ist dabei vorgesehen, dass der Abweiser dachförmig ausgebildet ist und das Schüttgut über jeweils eine der Wände des Abweisers in einen der Behälter gelangt.According to the invention it is provided that the deflector is roof-shaped and the bulk material passes via one of the walls of the deflector in one of the containers.

Eine bevorzugte Steuerung zum vorteilhaften Sortieren mittels der Anordnung sieht eine Massenmessvorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Masse des Schüttguts innerhalb des dem Förderband zugewandten Bechersegments vor, wobei das von der Massenmessvorrichtung ermittelte Messergebnis der Steuereinheit zugeführt ist, wobei die Steuereinheit das Integral des Messergebnisses der Messvorrichtung, insbesondere seit der letzten Aktivierung der Antriebseinheit, über die Zeit ermittelt und durch das Messergebnis der Massenmessvorrichtung dividiert und somit eine massenspezifische Messgröße ermittelt, und wobei die Steuereinheit die massenspezifische Messgröße mit einem Schwellenwert vergleicht, wobei die Steuereinheit die Drehrichtung der Antriebseinheit abhängig davon vorgibt, ob der Schwellenwert überschritten oder unterschritten ist.A preferred control for advantageous sorting by means of the arrangement provides a mass measuring device for determining the mass of the bulk material inside the cup segment facing the conveyor belt, wherein the determined by the mass measuring device measurement result of the control unit is supplied, wherein the control unit, the integral of the measurement result of the measuring device, in particular since the last activation of the drive unit, determined over time and divided by the measurement result of the mass measuring device and thus determines a mass-specific measurement, and wherein the control unit compares the mass-specific measured variable with a threshold, wherein the control unit determines the direction of rotation of the drive unit depending on whether the Threshold exceeded or fallen below.

Eine Aktivierung der Antriebseinheit ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn die Messvorrichtung Schüttgut erkennt, dessen vorgegebene Eigenschaft einen vorgegebenen oberen Schwellenwert überschreitet oder einen vorgegebenen unteren Schwellenwert unterschreitet, zu dem Zeitpunkt, zu dem dieses Schüttgut vom Förderband fällt, und/oder wenn das Füllvolumen in dem der Fördereinheit zugewandten Bechersegment einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert übersteigt, wobei eine der Steuereinheit vorgeschalteten Füllstandsmesseinheit den Füllstand ermittelt und der Steuereinheit zuführt.An activation of the drive unit is particularly advantageous if the measuring device detects bulk material whose predetermined property exceeds a predetermined upper threshold or falls below a predetermined lower threshold, at the time when this bulk material falls from the conveyor belt, and / or if the filling volume in the conveyor unit facing cup segment exceeds a predetermined threshold, wherein a control unit upstream level measuring unit determines the level and the control unit supplies.

Um auf einen Förderband einzelne Kontaminationen auf einer nur geringen Breite des gesamten Förderbandabschnitts innerhalb des Schüttguts zu selektieren und den Anfall von Gesamtmaterial, das die betreffende Eigenschaft aufweist, zu reduzieren, kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Selektoren derart angeordnet sind, dass der gesamte Inhalt des Förderbands von der Gesamtheit der Selektoren aufgenommen wird, dass für jeden Längsabschnitt des Förderbands, dessen Inhalt in jeweils denselben Selektor gefördert wird, jeweils eine eigene Messvorrichtung vorgegeben wird, deren Messbereich ausschließlich oder zumindest überwiegend den Längsabschnitt erfasst, dass für jeden der Selektoren eine separate Antriebseinheit, gegebenenfalls eine separate Massenmesseinrichtung und gegebenenfalls eine separate Füllstandsmesseinheit vorgesehen ist, dass die Steuereinheit die Steuerung der Selektoren jeweils für sämtliche der Selektoren separat durchführt, und dass insbesondere für sämtliche Selektoren eine gemeinsamer dachförmiger Abweiser und zwei Behälter vorgesehen sind.In order to select on a conveyor belt individual contaminants on only a small width of the entire conveyor belt section within the bulk material and reduce the accumulation of total material having the property in question, it can be provided that the selectors are arranged such that the entire contents of the Conveyor of the totality of the selectors is added, that for each longitudinal section of the conveyor belt, the content is conveyed in each case the same selector, each a separate measuring device is specified, the measuring range exclusively or at least predominantly detects the longitudinal section, that for each of the selectors a separate drive unit , If appropriate, a separate mass measuring device and optionally a separate level measuring unit is provided, that the control unit performs the control of the selectors for each of the selectors separately, and that in particular for all Sel eectors a common roof-shaped deflector and two containers are provided.

Um Verunreinigungen zu vermeiden, kann dabei insbesondere vorgesehen sein, dass die Steuereinheit während der Dauer der Aktivierung eines der Selektoren durch eine der Antriebseinheiten die Aktivierung der übrigen Selektoren unterdrückt und/oder alle Massenmessvorrichtungen deaktiviert.In order to avoid contamination, it may be provided in particular that the control unit suppresses the activation of the other selectors during the period of activation of one of the selectors by one of the drive units and / or deactivates all mass measuring devices.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden in den folgenden Zeichnungsfiguren näher dargestellt.Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in more detail in the following drawing figures.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform der Erfindung, mit der verunreinigtes und nicht verunreinigtes Schüttgut getrennt werden. Fig. 2 zeigt die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Ausführungsform der Erfindung in Draufsicht auf das Förderband. Fig. 3 zeigt eine von der Messvorrichtung erfasste Messgröße. Fig. 4 zeigt eine zweite bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit einer Vielzahl von über die Breite der Fördereinrichtung verteilten Selektoren. Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention, are separated with the contaminated and uncontaminated bulk material. Fig. 2 shows the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment of the invention in plan view of the conveyor belt. Fig. 3 shows a measured variable detected by the measuring device. Fig. 4 shows a second preferred embodiment of the invention with a plurality of distributed over the width of the conveyor selectors.

In Fig. 1 ist eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung im Detail näher dargestellt. In Fig. 2 ist die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Anordnung von oben dargestellt. Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Anordnung 20 umfasst eine Fördereinrichtung 21 in Form eines Förderbands zum kontinuierlichen Befördern von Schüttgut 1. Beim Schüttgut 1 handelt es sich um Abfall, der ein Gemisch aus verunreinigtem Schüttgut 11 mit einer bestimmten Eigenschaft, wie z.B. Radioaktivität oder Toxizität, und nicht verunreinigtem Schüttgut 12 besteht, das die betreffende Eigenschaft nicht aufweist. Ziel des vorgegebenen Verfahrens ist es, das Schüttgut 1 in zwei unterschiedliche Behälter 24, 25 aufzutrennen, nämlich einen ersten Behälter 25, in dem sich ausschließlich nicht verunreinigtes bzw. nicht die vorgegebene Eigenschaft aufweisendes Schüttgut 12 befinden soll und andererseits in einen zweiten Behälter 24, in dem sich, nach Möglichkeit, möglichst viel verunreinigtes Schüttgut 12 befindet, das die betreffende Eigenschaft wie z. B. Radioaktivität oder Toxizität aufweist. Aufgrund der vorgenommenen Sortierung soll es möglich sein, das nicht verunreinigten im Behälter 25 befindlichen Schüttgut 12 zu deponieren bzw. in die Umwelt auszubringen, während das in Behälter 24 befindliche Schüttgut 11, das die betreffende Eigenschaft aufweist, möglichst hoch konzentriert werden soll, da dessen Lagerung bzw. Entsorgung größere Kosten verursacht und die Bewegung von nicht verunreinigtem Schüttgut 12 zu einer unnötigen Steigerung der Lagermenge führt. Der Anteil nicht verunreinigter Schüttgüter 11 im Behälter 24 sollte möglichst gering sein.In Fig. 1 is a preferred embodiment of the invention shown in detail in detail. In Fig. 2 is the in Fig. 1 shown arrangement from above. In the Fig. 1 Arrangement 20 comprises a conveyor 21 in the form of a conveyor belt for the continuous conveyance of bulk material 1. The bulk material 1 is waste, which is a mixture of contaminated bulk material 11 with a certain property, such as radioactivity or toxicity, and uncontaminated bulk material 12 exists that does not have the property in question. The aim of the given method is to separate the bulk material 1 into two different containers 24, 25, namely a first container 25, in which only non-contaminated or not the predetermined property exhibiting bulk material 12 should be and on the other hand in a second container 24, in which, if possible, as much contaminated bulk 12 is that the property in question such. B. has radioactivity or toxicity. Due to the sorting carried out, it should be possible to deposit the non-contaminated bulk material 12 located in the container 25 or to dispose it into the environment, while the bulk material 11 contained in container 24, which has the property in question, should be concentrated as high as possible Storage or disposal causes greater costs and the movement of unclogged bulk material 12 leads to an unnecessary increase in the storage quantity. The proportion of non-contaminated bulk materials 11 in the container 24 should be as low as possible.

Am Ende der Fördereinrichtung 21 gelangt das Schüttgut 1 in einen Selektor 22. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Selektor 22 in Form einer drehbar gelagerten Trommel ausgebildet, wobei von der Achse der Trommel des Selektors 22 radial Wandungen 221a, 221b, 221c abstehen, sodass dadurch Bechersegmente 222a, 222b, 222c ausgebildet werden. Jeweils eines der Bechersegmente 222a, 222b, 222c ist derart unterhalb des Endes der Fördereinrichtung 21 angeordnet, dass das von der Fördereinrichtung 21 herabfallende Schüttgut 1 in das Bechersegment 222a hinab fällt. Der Selektor 22 ist von einer Antriebseinheit 27 angetrieben, der den Selektor 22 und damit die jeweils drehbar gelagerten Bechersegmente 221a, 221b, 221c um jeweils einen Bogenabschnitt, von insbesondere 120 Grad, weiterdrehen, sodass abhängig von der Drehrichtung der Inhalt des Bechersegments 222 in das das Schüttgut 1 bislang gefördert wurde entweder in den Behälter 24 für kontaminiertes Schüttgut 11 oder in den Behälter 25 für nicht kontaminiertes Schüttgut 12 gefördert wird. Aufgrund der Drehung gelangt ein anderes Bechersegment 222b, 222c in eine Stellung, in der fortan Schüttgut 1, das von der Fördereinrichtung 21 fällt, in dieses Bechersegment 222b, 222c gelangt.In the present embodiment, the selector 22 is formed in the form of a rotatably mounted drum, projecting from the axis of the drum of the selector 22 radial walls 221a, 221b, 221c, thereby cup segments 222a, 222b, 222c are formed. In each case one of the cup segments 222a, 222b, 222c is arranged below the end of the conveyor 21 such that the bulk material 1 falling from the conveyor 21 falls down into the cup segment 222a. The selector 22 is driven by a drive unit 27 comprising the selector 22 and so that each rotatably mounted cup segments 221a, 221b, 221c continue to turn each arc section, in particular 120 degrees, so depending on the direction of rotation of the content of the cup segment 222 in which the bulk material 1 has been promoted either in the container 24 for contaminated bulk 11th or is conveyed into the container 25 for uncontaminated bulk material 12. As a result of the rotation, another cup segment 222b, 222c enters a position in which bulk material 1 falling from the conveyor 21 passes into this cup segment 222b, 222c.

Beim Verschwenken des Selektors 22 zum Entleeren des mit Schüttgut 1 befüllten Bechersegments 222a wird ein Staub- und Sprühdichte Abschluss zwischen den beiden Behältern 24, 25 geschaffen. Zu diesem Zweck ist ein dachförmiger Abweiser 23 vorgesehen, der zwei Wände 231a, 231b umfasst, die an einer Kante 233 zusammenlaufen. Diese Wände 231a, 231b sind vorteilhafterweise schräg ausgebildet und ermöglichen das Abrutschen des Schüttguts 1 aus dem jeweils zu entleerenden Bechersegment 222a, 222b, 222c in den jeweiligen Behälter. Aufgrund einer speziellen Ausbildung bzw. Beabstandung der Kante 233 des Abweisers 23 von einer das Bechersegment 222a begrenzenden Wandung 221a ist es ausgeschlossen, dass Partikel des Schüttguts 1, die in einen der beiden Behälter 24, 25 gefördert werden sollen, unbeabsichtigt in den jeweils anderen Behälter 24, 25 gelangen. Die beiden Behälter 24, 25 sind auf jeweils einer Seite der Kante 223 angeordnet. Wenn der Selektor still steht sind die beiden Behälter 24, 25 durch die Wandung 221, die dem jeweils zu befüllenden Bechersegment 222a, 222b, 222c gegenüberliegt voneinander abgetrennt.When the selector 22 is pivoted to empty the cup segment 222a filled with bulk material 1, a dust and spray-tight seal between the two containers 24, 25 is created. For this purpose, a roof-shaped deflector 23 is provided, which comprises two walls 231 a, 231 b, which converge at an edge 233. These walls 231a, 231b are advantageously formed obliquely and allow the slippage of the bulk material 1 from each to be emptied cup segment 222a, 222b, 222c in the respective container. Due to a special design or spacing of the edge 233 of the deflector 23 from a wall 221a delimiting the cup segment 222a, it is precluded that particles of the bulk material 1 which are to be conveyed into one of the two containers 24, 25 are inadvertently inserted into the respective other container 24, 25 arrive. The two containers 24, 25 are arranged on one side of the edge 223. When the selector is stationary, the two containers 24, 25 are separated from one another by the wall 221, which is opposite to the respective cup segment 222a, 222b, 222c to be filled.

Das Schüttgut 1 wird von der Fördereinrichtung 21 durch den Aufnahmebereich 261 einer Messvorrichtung 26 befördert, die auf die Fördereinrichtung gerichtet ist und die detektiert, wenn sich Schüttgut 1 mit der vorgegebenen Eigenschaft, insbesondere radioaktives Schüttgut 12 auf der Fördereinrichtung 21 transportiert wird. Die Messvorrichtung 26 ist an eine Steuereinheit 28 angeschlossen, der die jeweiligen Messergebnisse der Messvorrichtung 26 zugeführt sind.The bulk material 1 is conveyed by the conveyor 21 through the receiving region 261 of a measuring device 26, which is directed to the conveyor and detects when bulk material 1 with the predetermined property, in particular radioactive bulk material 12 is transported on the conveyor 21. The measuring device 26 is connected to a control unit 28, to which the respective measurement results of the measuring device 26 are supplied.

Bei einer einfachen Ausführungsform der Erfindung befindet sich die Messvorrichtung in einem solchem Abstand vom selektorseitigen Ende des Förderbands 21, das für den Fall, dass sich im Aufnahmebereich 261 kontaminiertes Schüttgut 11 befindet, ein rechtzeitiges Verschwenken des Selektors 22 möglich ist, um zu vermeiden, dass der nicht kontaminierte Inhalt des Bechersegments 222a durch das aufgefundene verunreinigte Schüttgut 11 kontaminiert wird. Benötigt beispielsweise die Drehung des Selektors 22 zum Entleeren des nicht kontaminierten Schüttguts 1 Sekunden und beträgt die Geschwindigkeit des Förderbands 0.01m/s, so ist die Messvorrichtung 26 vorzugsweise weiter vom selektorseitigen Ende des Förderbands entfernt als 1 cm.In a simple embodiment of the invention, the measuring device is at such a distance from the selector end of the conveyor belt 21, which in the event that in the receiving area 261 contaminated bulk material 11, a timely pivoting of the selector 22 is possible to avoid the uncontaminated content of the cup segment 222a is contaminated by the contaminated bulk material 11 found. For example, requires the rotation of the selector 22 for emptying the uncontaminated bulk material 1 second and is the Speed of the conveyor belt 0.01m / s, so the measuring device 26 is preferably farther from the selector end of the conveyor belt than 1 cm.

Bei der Festlegung des minimalen Abstands der Messvorrichtung vom Ende des Förderbands kann zusätzlich auch die Verarbeitungszeit der von der Messvorrichtung 26 erzielten Messergebnisse zur Zeit der Drehung des Selektors 22 hinzugerechnet werden. Hierdurch wird vermieden, dass Schüttgut in den Selektor 22 gelangt, bevor die Auswertung der Messergebnisse vollständig abgeschlossen ist. Insbesondere kann durch dieses Vorgehen die Kontamination des an sich unbelasteten Inhalts eines Bechersegments vermieden werden. Während das Material die Messvorrichtung passiert, findet eine Datenauswertung und Entscheidungsfindung statt, die abgeschlossen ist, wenn das Material am Ende der Fördereinheit 21 in den Selektor 22 fällt. Sofern Kontaminationen entdeckt werden, kann der Selektor 22 aktiviert werden, wobei das kontaminierte Schüttgut bereits in einen neues Bechersegment fällt.In determining the minimum distance of the measuring device from the end of the conveyor belt, the processing time of the measurement results obtained by the measuring device 26 at the time of rotation of the selector 22 may additionally be added. This prevents bulk material from entering the selector 22 before the evaluation of the measurement results has been completed. In particular, the contamination of the per se unloaded contents of a cup segment can be avoided by this procedure. As the material passes the measuring device, data evaluation and decision-making takes place, which is completed when the material at the end of the conveyor unit 21 falls into the selector 22. If contaminations are discovered, the selector 22 can be activated, with the contaminated bulk material already falling into a new cup segment.

Anstelle einer einzigen Messvorrichtung kann auch eine Vielzahl von Messvorrichtungen herangezogen werden, die in Förderrichtung der Fördereinrichtung hintereinander angeordnet sind. Dies kann genutzt werden, um unterschiedliche Größen des Schüttgutes 1 zu bestimmen. In einem solchen Fall ist bei der Positionierung des Endes der Fördereinheit 21 relativ zu den Messeinrichtungen jeweils der Abstand der in Förderrichtung letzten Fördereinheit 21 maßgeblich.Instead of a single measuring device, it is also possible to use a multiplicity of measuring devices which are arranged one behind the other in the conveying direction of the conveying device. This can be used to determine different sizes of the bulk material 1. In such a case, in the positioning of the end of the conveyor unit 21 relative to the measuring devices in each case the distance of the last conveyor unit 21 in the conveying direction is relevant.

Wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt, ermittelt die Steuereinheit 28, ob sich die mittels der Messvorrichtung 26 gemessene Eigenschaft, beispielsweise Radioaktivität, die von dem im Messbereich 261 befindlichen Schüttgut 1 ausgeht, einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert Ith überschreitet. Ist dies der Fall, so kann vorzugsweise nach Ablauf einer Zeitspanne Δt die Antriebseinheit 27 zur Drehung des Selektors 22 zu einem Zeitpunkt TS aktiviert werden.As in Fig. 3 2, the control unit 28 determines whether the property measured by means of the measuring device 26, for example radioactivity emanating from the bulk material 1 located in the measuring region 261, exceeds a predetermined threshold value I th . If this is the case, then preferably after a period of time .DELTA.t, the drive unit 27 for rotation of the selector 22 at a time T S are activated.

Neben der Aktivierung der Antriebeinheit 27 zur Drehung des Selektors 22 aufgrund einer Fundamentsvorrichtung 26 gemessenen Kontamination, kann die Steuereinheit 28 die Antriebseinheit 27 auch dann ansteuern, wenn der Inhalt eines Bechersegments 222a einen vorgeschriebenen Gewichts- oder Volumenschwellenwert überschreitet.In addition to activating the drive unit 27 to rotate the selector 22 due to contamination measured by a foundation device 26, the control unit 28 may drive the drive unit 27 even if the contents of a cup segment 222a exceed a prescribed weight or volume threshold.

Zu diesem Zweck kann vorteilhafterweise eine Massenmessvorrichtung 29 vorgegeben sein, die die Masse des Schüttguts 11 innerhalb des dem Förderband zugewandten Bechersegments 222a ermittelt. Das von der Massenmessvorrichtung 29 ermittelte Messergebnis ist ebenfalls der Steuereinheit 28 zugeführt. Um eine vorteilhafte Messung der Masse mittels der Massenmessvorrichtung 29 zu gewährleisten, ist der Selektor 21 über eine Aufhängung 291 und Verbindungselemente 292x, 292y gelagert.For this purpose, advantageously, a mass measuring device 29 may be predetermined, which determines the mass of the bulk material 11 within the cup segment 222a facing the conveyor belt. The determined by the mass measuring device 29 Measurement result is also supplied to the control unit 28. In order to ensure an advantageous measurement of the mass by means of the mass measuring device 29, the selector 21 is mounted via a suspension 291 and connecting elements 292x, 292y.

Die Steuereinheit 28 kann beispielsweise das Integral oder die Summe der Messergebnisse der Messvorrichtung 26, insbesondere seit der letzten Aktivierung der Antriebseinheit 27, über die Zeit ermitteln und durch das Messergebnis der Massenmessvorrichtung 29 dividieren, um eine massenspezifische Messgröße zu ermitteln. Liegt diese massenspezifische Messgröße unterhalb des Schwellenwerts, kann das in Bechersegment 221a befindliche Schüttgut in den Behälter 25 für nicht kontaminiertes Schüttgut 12 entleert werden. Liegt der Schwellenwert darüber, wird das im Bechersegment 222a enthaltene Schüttgut 1 in den Behälter 24 für kontaminiertes Schüttgut 11 entleert.The control unit 28 can, for example, determine the integral or the sum of the measurement results of the measuring device 26, in particular since the last activation of the drive unit 27, over time and divide it by the measurement result of the mass measuring device 29 in order to determine a mass-specific measured variable. If this mass-specific measured variable is below the threshold value, the bulk material in cup segment 221a can be emptied into the container 25 for uncontaminated bulk material 12. If the threshold is above, the bulk material 1 contained in the cup segment 222a is emptied into the container 24 for contaminated bulk material 11.

Die Aktivierung der Antriebseinheit 27 kann zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten erfolgen. Zum einen ist eine Aktivierung der Antriebseinheit 27 durch die Steuereinheit 28 dann von Vorteil, wenn die Messvorrichtung 26 Schüttgut 11 erkennt, dessen vorgegebene Eigenschaft einen vorgegebenen oberen Schwellenwert überschreitet. In diesem Fall kann die Steuereinheit 28 die Antriebseinheit 27 aktivieren, bevor dieses verunreinigte Schüttgut 11 vom Förderband fällt, um zu vermeiden, dass stark verunreinigtes Schüttgut noch in ein Bechersegment 221a fällt, das bislang nur unkontaminiertes Schüttgut enthält.The activation of the drive unit 27 can take place at different times. On the one hand, an activation of the drive unit 27 by the control unit 28 is advantageous if the measuring device 26 detects bulk material 11 whose predetermined property exceeds a predetermined upper threshold value. In this case, the control unit 28 can activate the drive unit 27 before this contaminated bulk material 11 falls off the conveyor belt, in order to avoid that heavily contaminated bulk material still falls into a cup segment 221a, which hitherto contains only uncontaminated bulk material.

Zudem kann die Steuereinheit 28 die Antriebseinheit 27 auch dann aktivieren, wenn das Füllvolumen in dem der Fördereinheit 21 zugewandten Bechersegment 222a einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert überschreitet. Dieses Füllvolumen kann beispielsweise mit einer der Steuereinheit 28 vorgeschalteten Füllstandsmesseinheit 30 ermittelt werden. Diese Füllstandsmesseinheit 30 ist dazu ausgebildet, mittels Ultraschall, Radar,oder visuell das Füllvolumen in dem der Fördereinheit 21 zugewandten Bechersegment zu ermitteln.In addition, the control unit 28 can also activate the drive unit 27 when the filling volume in the cup segment 222a facing the conveyor unit 21 exceeds a predetermined threshold value. This filling volume can be determined, for example, with a fill-level measuring unit 30 connected upstream of the control unit 28. This filling level measuring unit 30 is designed to detect the filling volume in the cup segment facing the conveying unit 21 by means of ultrasound, radar or visually.

In Fig. 4 ist eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung dargestellt, bei der eine Mehrzahl von um die selbe Achse drehend angeordneten Selektoren 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d vorgesehen ist. Die Selektoren 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d sind dabei derart angeordnet, dass der gesamte Inhalt des Förderbands von der Gesamtheit der Selektoren 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d aufgenommen wird, dies bedeutet, dass das gesamte auf dem Förderband 21 geförderte Schüttgut 21 insgesamt in jeweils einen der Selektoren 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d fällt. Für jeden Längsabschnitt 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d des Förderbands ist jeweils ein Selektor 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d vorgesehen sowie eine eigene Messvorrichtung 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, deren Messbereich ausschließlich oder überwiegend den betreffenden Längsabschnitt 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d des Förderbands 21 erfasst.In Fig. 4 a further preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in which a plurality of about the same axis rotationally arranged selectors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d is provided. The selectors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d are arranged such that the entire content of the conveyor belt is taken up by the entirety of the selectors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, this means that the entire bulk material 21 conveyed on the conveyor belt 21 has a total of in each case one of the selectors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d falls. For each longitudinal section 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d of the conveyor belt is in each case a selector 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d and a separate measuring device 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, the measuring range of which exclusively or predominantly covers the relevant longitudinal section 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d of the conveyor belt 21.

Für jeden der Selektoren 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d ist jeweils eine separate Antriebseinheit vorgesehen, gegebenenfalls kann auch eine separate Massenmesseinrichtung 291a, 291b, 291c, 291d und gegebenenfalls eine separate Füllstandsmesseinrichtung vorgesehen sein. Werden für die einzelnen Selektoren jeweils separate Massenmesseinrichtungen vorgenommen, so ist es von Vorteil, wenn für jeden Selektor 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d eine separate Aufhängung 291a, 291b, 291c, 291d vorgesehen ist, die jeweils über eine separate Lagerung 292a, 292b, 292c, 292d gelagert ist.For each of the selectors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d is provided in each case a separate drive unit, optionally also a separate mass measuring device 291a, 291b, 291c, 291d and optionally a separate level measuring device may be provided. If separate mass measuring devices are respectively made for the individual selectors, then it is advantageous if, for each selector 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, a separate suspension 291a, 291b, 291c, 291d is provided which in each case has a separate bearing 292a, 292b, 292c, 292d is stored.

Die Steuereinheit 28 führt die Steuerung der Selektoren 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d jeweils separat durch, wobei eine Steuerung entsprechend der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform möglich ist. Der dachförmige Abweiser 23 sowie die beiden Behälter 24, 25 für kontaminiertes bzw. nicht kontaminiertes Schüttgut 11, 12 können gemeinsam ausgebildet sein.The control unit 28 performs the control of the selectors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d separately respectively, with a control according to the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment is possible. The roof-shaped deflector 23 and the two containers 24, 25 for contaminated or not contaminated bulk material 11, 12 may be formed together.

Auch wenn die Steuerung durch die Steuereinheit 28 grundsätzlich für sämtliche Selektoren 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d unabhängig vorgenommen werden kann, kann zur weiteren Vermeidung von Kontaminationen vorgesehen sein, dass während der Dauer der Aktivierung eines der Selektoren 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d durch eine der Antriebseinheiten 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d die Aktivierung der übrigen Selektoren 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d unterdrückt wird, oder alle Massenmesseinrichtungen deaktiviert werden. Darüber hinaus besteht auch die Möglichkeit, dass während der Aktivierung eines der Selektoren die Fördereinrichtung 21 angehalten wird.Even if the control by the control unit 28 can in principle be carried out independently for all selectors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, it can be provided to further avoid contamination that during the activation period one of the selectors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d passes through one of the drive units 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d, the activation of the remaining selectors 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d is suppressed, or all mass measuring devices are disabled. In addition, there is also the possibility that during the activation of one of the selectors, the conveyor 21 is stopped.

Claims (5)

  1. An assembly (20) for sorting bulk material (1), in particular dry bulk material, wherein some of the bulk material (1) has a predefined property, in particular is radioactive, said assembly comprising
    a) a conveying device (21), in particular a continuously running conveying device, for conveying the bulk material (1),
    b) a selector (22), having a number of, at least three, in particular two, rotatably mounted bucket segments (222a, 222b, 222c), wherein at any time one of the bucket segments (222a) is arranged beneath the end of the conveying device (21) in such a way that the bulk material (1) dropping down from the conveying device (21) falls into said bucket segment (222a),
    c) a deflector (23), the slanted walls (231, 232) of which converging at an edge each close off the edge (233) in a sealing manner with the wall (221a) that is opposite the bucket segment (222a) into which the bulk material (1) is being conveyed,
    d) two containers (24, 25), which are arranged one on each side of the edge (223) and which are separated from one another by the wall (221a) opposite the bucket segment (222a) into which the bulk material (1) is being conveyed,
    e) a measuring device (26), which is directed towards a measurement region (261) of the conveying device (21) and which detects when bulk material having the predefined property, in particular radioactive bulk material (12), is disposed in the measurement region (261),
    f) a drive unit (27) for rotating the rotatably mounted bucket segments (222a, 222b, 222c) in each case over a curve portion, in particular 120°, such that the content of the bucket segment (222a) into which the bulk material (1) was previously being conveyed reaches either one container (24) or the other container (25) depending on the direction of rotation, and bulk material (1) is conveyed henceforth into another bucket segment (222b, 222c), and
    g) a control unit (28), which activates the drive unit (27) to rotate, wherein the direction of rotation is dependent on the measurement result of the measuring device (26),
    characterized in that
    the deflector (23) is roof-shaped and the bulk material (1) reaches one of the containers (24, 25) via one of the walls (231, 232) of the deflector (23) respectively.
  2. The assembly (20) according to claim 1, further characterized by a mass measuring device (29) for determining the mass of the bulk material within the bucket segment (222a) facing the conveyor belt (21),
    - wherein the measurement result determined by the mass measuring device (29) is fed to the control unit (28),
    - wherein the control unit (28) determines over time the integral of the measurement result (I) of the measuring device (26), in particular since the last activation of the drive unit (27), and divides said integral by the measurement result of the mass measuring device (29) and thus determines a mass-specific measurement variable, and
    - wherein the control unit (28) compares the mass-specific measurement variable with a threshold value, wherein the control unit (28) predefines the direction of rotation of the drive unit (27) depending on whether the threshold value is exceeded or undershot.
  3. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein the control unit (28) activates the drive unit (27) in one or more of the following cases:
    - if the measuring device (26) identifies bulk material (12) of which the predefined property exceeds a predefined upper threshold value or drops below a predefined lower threshold value at the time at which said bulk material falls from the conveyor belt (21), and/or
    - if the filling volume in the bucket segment (222a) facing towards the conveying unit (21) exceeds a predefined threshold value, wherein a fill level measuring unit (30) arranged upstream of the control unit (28) determines the fill level and feeds it to the control unit (28).
  4. The assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of selectors (22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) arranged adjacently, in particular in a manner rotating about the same axis,
    - wherein the selectors (22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) are arranged in such a way that the total content of the conveyor belt (21) is received by the totality of the selectors (22a, 22b, 22c, 22d),
    - wherein for each longitudinal portion (21a, 21b, 21c, 21d) of the conveyor belt (21) of which the content is conveyed into the same selector (22a, 22b, 22c, 22d), a dedicated measuring device (26a, ...) is predefined, the measurement region (261a, ...) of which detects exclusively or at least predominantly the corresponding longitudinal portion (21a, ...),
    - wherein a separate drive unit (27a, ...), optionally a separate mass measuring device (29a, ...) and optionally a separate fill level measuring unit (30) is provided for each of the selectors (22a, 22b, 22c, 22d),
    - wherein the control unit (28) performs the control of the selectors (22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) separately for all of the selectors (22a, 22b, 22c, 22d), and
    - wherein in particular for all selectors (22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) a common roof-shaped deflector (23) and two containers (24, 25) are provided.
  5. The assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that the control unit (28), during the period of activation of one of the selectors (22a, ...) by one of the drive units (27a, ...),
    - prevents the activation of the other selectors (22a, ...) and/or
    - deactivates all mass measuring devices (29a, ...).
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