EP3234262B1 - Verfahren zur kühlung eines sportfelds - Google Patents

Verfahren zur kühlung eines sportfelds Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3234262B1
EP3234262B1 EP14825195.2A EP14825195A EP3234262B1 EP 3234262 B1 EP3234262 B1 EP 3234262B1 EP 14825195 A EP14825195 A EP 14825195A EP 3234262 B1 EP3234262 B1 EP 3234262B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
water
layer
distributing layer
water distributing
substrate
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EP14825195.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3234262A1 (de
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Robin John CRAVEN
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Ten Cate Thiolon BV
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Ten Cate Thiolon BV
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/02—Foundations, e.g. with drainage or heating arrangements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2201/00—Paving elements
    • E01C2201/20—Drainage details
    • E01C2201/202—Horizontal drainage channels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to sport fields and in particular, to artificial sports fields comprising artificial turf.
  • the invention further relates to methods of construction for such sports fields and to water management and cooling thereof.
  • Semi-artificial pitches usually involve integrating artificial grass blades into a soil base in which regular turf is allowed to grow.
  • the soil base and its drainage arrangements may be otherwise similar to conventional natural grass pitches in order to ensure correct growth of the natural grass.
  • Another characteristic of artificial sports fields is the difficulty of dealing with elevated temperatures e.g. in the presence of bright sunlight.
  • the surface temperature of the field may rise significantly during the day, changing the characteristics of the technical layers and even giving off unpleasant odours. Play under these conditions may be compromised.
  • Other sports fields may require irrigation before play can commence. In all cases, water management is a central issue that the designer must take into consideration when designing a sports field.
  • water management refers to four main areas, these being; drainage, irrigation, storage and attenuation.
  • pitches may have a profile which assists water movement; this is known as slope or fall.
  • slope and fall There are various designs of slope and fall of the upper sport surface, such as; Crowned, Enveloped, and Tilted etc. the angles of fall tend to be between 0.4% and 1%.
  • a key issue with porous stone bases is that they are required to have minimum depths of construction due to the limited amount of stone compaction which can be achieved.
  • the target for any base construction is to achieve a certain tested value which ensures the structure has the correct structural integrity and load bearing capacities.
  • CBR Californian Bearing Ratio
  • BS 1377-2:1990 Californian Bearing Ratio
  • the standard target CBR value after installation is a minimum of 30%.
  • a greater depth must be considered. This is because porous stone constructions contain void spaces in order to allow water to pass through the structure. As a result, the overall strength of the structure is not as high and the stone has more mobility, as compared to an equivalent non-porous base construction.
  • porous stone bases typically have a minimum depth of 300mm.
  • the vertical drainage method relies on creating a porous base construction which allows water to percolate down through the various stone grades to the field drains below.
  • the horizontal method uses a limited porosity or non-porous stone sub-base construction with no field drains below.
  • the basic principal is that the water flows across the surface of the artificial turf, through the infill and in some cases, within a shock pad/substrate which allows water to flow horizontally, above the stone sub-base construction.
  • the pitches are designed with a slope or fall, (as explained above) in order to ensure adequate water flow.
  • the water flowing off the sports field surface is then captured by drainage troughs or pipes installed around the perimeter of the turf installation. These pipes, themselves have a slope or fall in order to remove the water to main land drains or similar water drainage control systems.
  • This slope can be constructed in a variety of ways, either in one direction or in multiple directions.
  • the construction of such a slope requires skill from the pitch builder and influences ball behaviour of the finished turf surface.
  • a layer must be installed between the turf and the base construction in order for water to move freely down the slope to the perimeter drains. This layer can be provided by certain types of shock pads and /or geo-technical fabrics.
  • WO2012138216 uses a porous sub-grade course laid on an impermeable surface to transport water to the edge of the pitch, where it can be drained away by conventional drains. It is also proposed to use the sub-grade course as a containment e.g. for re-circulation to the playing surface as described below.
  • Standard irrigation systems rely on water from the mains supply which is pumped to water cannons or pop-up sprinklers located on or around the pitch.
  • water captured from the pitch's drainage system is piped into storage facilities and recirculated back on to the pitch by means of water cannons or pop-up sprinklers.
  • a filtration facility may also be required in this case.
  • the use of the water is either as part of the turf system performance or for use as cooling during hot weather. For a full-sized hockey pitch from 12000 to 18000 litres may be required to wet the pitch prior to play.
  • SUDS Sustainable urban drainage systems
  • LID low impact drainage systems
  • SUDS systems are designed to act as collection, storage and gradual release of rain water during and after large storm events.
  • urban systems in existence; from soak away pits, multiple sub-terrain chambers to open storage lakes etc. all of which are designed to ensure rainwater being collected from non-porous surfaces such as roads, roofs and car parks is directed, stored and then slowly released into the drainage system at a controlled, manageable flow rate.
  • a method of cooling a sports field comprising: a stable, impermeable substrate; a water distributing layer provided over the substrate; an artificial turf layer over the water distributing layer; a bund defining a perimeter of the sports field and extending from the substrate to at least the height of the artificial turf layer; and a drain channel having inlets at a height to communicate with the water distributing layer such that water can flow from the water distributing layer into the drain channel and vice versa.
  • a containment defined by the bund surrounding the field and by the substrate. Water can be held within the containment in the water distributing layer.
  • water can be allowed to flow out of the containment into the drain channel if the level of water in the drain channel is below that of the water distributing layer.
  • water can be allowed to flow from the drain channel into the containment if the level of water in the drain channel is higher than that of the water distributing layer.
  • the containment and the drain channel may thus form a common system between which there is no opportunity for water to leak or seep away.
  • inlets it will be understood that the water may flow in both directions through them. It is also not excluded that water may flow into the containment through one set of openings and out of the containment to the drain channel through a second set of openings.
  • references to a sports field is intended to include any area of artificial turf, including but not limited to pitches, games areas, play areas and the like.
  • the invention is applicable to sports areas on which humans play and run although it is not excluded that it may also be applicable to animal sports or motor sports.
  • artificial turf is not intended to be limiting on any particular kind of turf, including turf with artificial infill, sand or without infill.
  • the bund may be an upstanding edge of the stable impervious substrate.
  • the bund may be a separate kerb installed for the purpose.
  • the bund may comprise a plurality of kerb elements such as concrete kerbing, linked together.
  • the height of the bund should extend above the top of the water distributing layer, whereby at least part of the turf is within the containment.
  • the bund may extend to the full height of the turf such that the water level may be raised to completely flood the sports field.
  • the bund may also slope upwards from the water distributing layer to the height of the turf and may be surrounded by ground at the higher level.
  • the top of the bund may also be rounded or any other convenient shape.
  • the bund may be manufactured from plastics materials such as recycled plastics and may be at least partially resilient to prevent player injuries.
  • the drain channel may be at any position such that it can communicate via the inlets with the water distributing layer.
  • the drain channel surrounds the sports field and is at the same level as the water distributing layer.
  • the drain channel may be integrally formed with the bund.
  • the bund may comprise hollow kerb elements that can be assembled together to define the drain channel.
  • the sports field may comprise a water management facility arranged to control the height of the water within the drain channel. In this way, it may be determined whether water flows from the water distributing layer into the drain channel or vice versa. Any appropriate arrangement for controlling the water within the drain channel may be used, including pumps, valves, buffer reservoirs and the like.
  • an outlet from the drain channel may be connected to the water management facility although again, it is emphasised that the construction may allow flow in both directions through this outlet.
  • the drain channel may extend both below and above the water distributing layer.
  • the water management facility may have an overflow arrangement to ensure that excess water cannot overflow the bund. This may be important in the case of infill provided in the artificial turf which may otherwise be washed away.
  • the stable impermeable substrate may be constructed in any appropriate manner to achieve the required stability for the intended sport.
  • aggregates used can be either from virgin or recycled sources and have a particle size of from 20mm to dust.
  • the inclusion of cement and or similar agents within the aggregates can be used in order to increase the strength, non-porosity and compaction values.
  • the stable impermeable substrate may comprise a stabilised in-situ soil substrate.
  • Soil stabilisation techniques are generally well known in various contexts but because of the non-porous nature of the technique, soil stabilisation has not been utilised in the construction of artificial turf pitches. This combination and the ability to use the existing on site soil, represents a major cost and environmental saving on a construction project as material on the job site is not required to be excavated and removed or new graded material shipped to site to build the pitch foundation.
  • the soil is stabilised to a depth of at least 100 mm, optionally to a depth of more than 200 mm and in a preferred embodiment to around 300 mm.
  • an ideal load bearing capacity of the finished base construction may be CBR 30%.
  • some sub-soil modification may be required (i.e. below the base construction). For example subsoils with a value of 4.5% CBR or below may require lime modification, whereas sub-soils of 5% CBR or above need not require such modification. In some construction projects a CBR of 15% may suffice.
  • the stabilised in-situ soil substrate may be lime-modified.
  • the lime modification process involves the addition of small amounts of binder (quicklime) to the host material to substantially reduce moisture content transforming the wet/unsuitable material into a useable and compactable construction material with a 5% CBR. Additionally or alternatively it may comprise a capping replacement layer or a sub-base replacement layer, whereby binders (quicklime and cement) are incorporated into the host material along with the addition of water. The material may then be compacted and trimmed leaving a layer with the required CBR.
  • lime and cement-based stabilisation techniques may be preferred, the skilled person will be well aware of other soil stabilisation techniques that may be applied depending on local soil conditions and locally available stabilisation agents. Such agents may include enzymes, surfactants, natural and synthetic polymers, resins, salts and fibre reinforcement.
  • the stable impermeable substrate may comprise an impervious membrane or coating.
  • the membrane may comprise a geotextile liner.
  • Suitable coatings include bitumen, polymer, resins and cement. This is particularly applicable in cases where the base is not itself impermeable.
  • the water distributing layer has a depth of between 10 mm and 100 mm, optionally around 40 mm.
  • the total depth chosen for the water distributing layer may be dependent on a number of factors. In general, the deeper the water distributing layer, the greater the volume of the containment below the artificial turf and the greater will be the through-flow area for drainage purposes.
  • the effectively available gradient between the upper side of the water distributing layer in the middle of the pitch and the underside of the water distributing layer at the edge of the pitch will depend on the distance between these two points and the thickness of the water distributing layer.
  • a depth of around 100 mm may give improved drainage.
  • a lesser depth may be adequate.
  • a greater depth may also provide for a greater overall containment but may also lead to greater volumes of material being required for construction.
  • the sports field may be formed to be completely level. It will be understood that the bund will generally be completely level, since its upper edge will define the limit to which water may rise without overflowing the bund. Furthermore, the upper surface of the water distributing layer may be substantially horizontal too. In this context, horizontal is intended to denote that it has no appreciable run-off at its surface. It will nevertheless be understood that its absolute level and evenness will be largely dictated by the accuracy and care of placement. In one embodiment the upper surface of the water distributing layer may have no gradient greater than 1 in 100 and optionally less than 1 in 300. It may also exhibit no variation in height of more than 10mm over a 3 metre straight edge.
  • the substrate may also be substantially level.
  • the thickness of the water distributing layer may be constant over the whole sports field. Producing a level substrate is significantly easier than accurately providing a desired slope in one or more directions. It also simplifies the laying of the following water distributing layer to be horizontal and makes possible the construction of the water distributing layer using prefabricated elements.
  • the water distributing layer comprises recycled plastic granules and a binder.
  • a binder Such a construction is described in WO2012/138216 and can conveniently be applied using specialist paving equipment used in sport pitch and running track installation.
  • Preferred granule sizes may range from 0.5 - 20 mm although granules in the range from 3 mm to 8 mm have given good results. It is also not excluded that flakes, rods, pellets and elongated extrudates may also be used.
  • the binder may be any binder appropriate to the granules used and to the intended use and location.
  • Preferred binders include bitumen, polyurethane or polyolefin based binders and they may be present at between 5% and 40% by weight of the granules, preferably between 15% and 25% and in one embodiment at around 20%.
  • the water distributing layer may also be formed according to the method described in EP1603725 , whereby partially melted particles of waste plastic material are welded together to form a porous layer. This method may be particularly applicable to preformed layers although it is not excluded that it may also be used in-situ.
  • the water distributing layer may also comprise other components, in particular other granules.
  • rubber or stone granules may be included at up to 50% by weight or even up to 70% by weight in the final mixture in order to adjust the technical properties of the layer.
  • the water distributing layer may comprise a number of sub-layers having different properties. This may particularly be the case where the uppermost portion of the water distributing layer serves as a performance layer having required shock absorbing and energy restitution values.
  • the water distributing layer may be constructed to have a void ratio of between 20% and 70%, optionally around 45%.
  • a layer thickness of 40mm equates to 18 Its per m 2 or 135,000 Its water storage capacity for the entire pitch, excluding the additional capacity of the drain channel.
  • the void ratio may be adjusted by varying the size and shape of granules or particles forming the layer and by varying the pressure applied during manufacture.
  • the water distributing layer may have a specific density of between 300 Kg/m3 and 700 Kg/m3, preferably between 400 Kg/m3 and 600 Kg/m3 and most preferably around 500 Kg/m3.
  • the water distributing layer may be provided to have engineering properties of strength and modulus according to the intended sport or activity. This will also depend on the nature of the artificial turf layer above and any other performance layers. In certain embodiments, the water distributing layer will be effectively rigid, whereby primary shock absorption for the players is provided by performance layers above the water distributing layer. According to one embodiment of the invention, the water distributing layer may have a Young's modulus in compression of greater than 0.1 MPa, alternatively greater than 1MPa and in an embodiment, greater than 2MPa. In general, the Young's modulus in compression will be less than 50 MPa, alternatively less than 10 MPa and in an embodiment, less than 5 MPa. In other embodiments, the sports field may further comprise a resilient layer provided between the water distributing layer and the artificial turf layer.
  • the method of constructing a sports field according to claim 11 comprises providing the stable, impermeable substrate; providing the water distributing layer over the substrate; installing the artificial turf layer over the water distributing layer; forming the bund defining a perimeter of the sports field and extending from the substrate to at least the height of the artificial turf layer; and providing the drain channel communicating with the water distributing layer such that water can flow from the water distributing layer into the drain channel and vice-versa.
  • the substrate may be an existing substrate that meets the requirements of stability and permeability.
  • Such substrates may include brown-field sites, including concrete and asphalted surfaces.
  • the substrate may be formed by any conventional procedure using either materials imported to the site or soil stabilisation of the existing on-site soil as described further above.
  • the stability of the substrate may be at least CBR 15% and if stabilised using soil stabilisation of existing soil may preferably be carried out to a depth of at least 100 mm.
  • the invention may comprise providing an impermeable membrane or coating over the stable base to ensure the required permeability.
  • absolute impermeability of the substrate may be non-critical and merely for the avoidance of water seeping away from the containment. In certain situations, such as rooftop playing fields, absolute impermeability may be a requirement.
  • the method of providing the water distributing layer may in one embodiment comprise in-situ laying of a semi-fluid mass comprising recycled plastic granules and a binder, levelling the semi-fluid mass and allowing the semi-fluid mass to solidify to form a rigid porous layer.
  • the process can be carried out using a conventional paving machine of the type used for road or sports surfaces.
  • providing the water distributing layer may comprise paving the substrate with pre-formed porous slabs of recycled plastic granules.
  • the slabs may be made off-site in a controlled process whereby carefully determined performance characteristics may be achieved.
  • the slabs may be provided with interlocking elements and may also be adhered or otherwise affixed to the substrate.
  • the method of forming the bund may comprise installation of hollow curb-stones, joined end-to-end to form an integral drain channel. It is also contemplated that a continuous length of drain channel may be installed around the field to form the bund.
  • the method of cooling a sports field comprises filling the containment with water to a depth sufficient to immerse at least part of the artificial turf layer over the full area of the sports field and subsequently draining the water from the containment.
  • the water may be partially drained, to a level whereby the sports field can be used, while retaining water within the containment. Alternatively, the water may be completely drained.
  • the turf may be wetted from below, whereby the water level in the water distributing layer rises until the turf is either partially or completely immersed. Additional wicking provisions may be included within the water distributing layer or in the turf layer or therebetween to encourage the transport of water to the surface. Irrigation from below in this manner avoids the use of sprays and nozzles, which are often only partially effective and require a higher level of microbial cleanliness than is the case for ground water.
  • the water may be introduced and removed via inlets communicating between the water distributing layer and a drain channel.
  • the method of attenuating water in a sports field according to claim 14 comprises collecting rainfall within the containment during periods of rain and controlling discharge from the containment during periods of little or no rain.
  • the water collected may be rain falling on the sports field but may also be water falling on surrounding areas that can be supplied to the containment via a drain channel communicating with the water distributing layer.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective sectioned view of a portion of a sports field 1 according to an example of the present invention.
  • the sports field 1 comprises three main layers, namely a substrate 2, a water distributing layer 4 and an artificial turf layer 6. The whole is enclosed by a bund 8.
  • the substrate 2 is a soil stabilised layer having a depth of 300 mm as will be described in further below. Underneath the substrate 2 is the natural soil layer 10, which is also present behind the bund 8. On the upper surface of the substrate 2 is provided a bitumen coating 12, which imperviously seals the substrate 2 up to the bund 8.
  • the water distributing layer 4 is a 40 mm thick layer of a 50 % by weight mixture of recycled plastic granules and rubber granules bound together with a polyurethane binder present at 14 % by weight of the total.
  • the resulting layer has a void ratio of around 45%.
  • the artificial turf 6 is a premier tufted third generation turf having a pile height of 60 mm and a rubber and sand infill available from Tiger TurfTM as Total Turf 60XQ.
  • the bund 8 is formed by interlocked hollow kerbstones 14 provided with a drain channel 16 and inlets 18.
  • the kerbstones 14 are of 600 mm depth and the inlets 18 are slots of 50 mm length, extending to a level 100 mm below the top of the bund 8.
  • the kerbstones 14 are set in a concrete haunch 20 and are sealed to each other by a mastic bead 22.
  • the substrate 2, and the bund 8, together with the drain channel 16 form a containment 24 which is largely impervious and can retain water for a significant period.
  • the drain channel 16 is connected to a water management facility 26, which controls inflow to and outflow from the containment 24
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-section through the sports field 1 along the line II-II in Figure 1 showing the substrate 2, the water distributing layer 4, the artificial turf layer 6 and the kerbstones 14.
  • Figure 2 also illustrates the water management facility 26, which comprises a chamber 28, connected to an outlet 30 from the drain channel 16. It will be understood that although a single outlet 30 is shown, there may be a plurality of such outlets 30 around the periphery of the sports field 1, connected to the chamber 28 by a ring drain or the like.
  • Chamber 28 is further connected through a valve flow gate 32 to the storm water drainage system 34.
  • a water supply pipe 36 is attached to the top side of the chamber 28.
  • this water supply pipe 36 is connected to the mains or another source of water such as a recycled water by a stop cock 38. It will be understood that the water supply pipe 36 may be connected to any suitable source of water such as a recycled water and that a pump arrangement may be provided rather than a stop cock.
  • a controller 40 ensures control of the valve flow gate 32 and the stop cock 38, which may be automated or manually controlled.
  • the soil was a relatively heavy clay soil.
  • the process was carried out using a Wirtgen WR2500 SK integrated mixer to ensure that the mixed layer was consistent both in mix quality and also in the depth of the mixed layer.
  • the area was levelled by a laser levelling bulldozer and then rolled with a 20 tonne roller. The area was then left overnight so that the chemical reaction between the lime and the soil could take effect.
  • cement and water were introduced in amounts determined by the analysis in order to create a hydraulically bonded material.
  • the Wirtgen mixer was again used whereby the machine controlled the precise amount of water and cement required.
  • Cement was delivered from tanks inside the machine while water was fed from a browser in front of the machine. Again the soil was treated to a depth of 300mm.
  • samples of the mixed material were periodically tested to check that the material was behaving as predicted.
  • the laser levelling bulldozer again graded and levelled the materials to a surface tolerance of +-10mm over a 3 metre straight edge, while the 20 tonnes roller compacted the surface. After completion, in order to seal the finished surface of the substrate 2, it was sprayed with bitumen coating 12.
  • the substrate 2 was exceptionally stable, would carry heavy equipment and could be trafficked without any effect.
  • CBR levels of around 60% were estimated over the whole surface.
  • a circular saw was used to cut the substrate 2 cleanly with a 75 mm gap to the front of the bund 8.
  • the kerbstones 14 were then joined to each other with a mastic bead 22 to ensure a watertight seal.
  • the water distributing layer 4 was laid.
  • the plastic and the rubber granulates were metered in equal amounts using a SMG MixMatic M6008 with additional hopper to add the granules to a 14 wt% PU feed.
  • the turf 6 was installed in a conventional manner, and filled with a mixture of rubber granules and sand.
  • the turf 6 was laid up to the bund 8 at all sides and to the same level.
  • a sample of water distributing layer 4 manufactured to the same specification as the example described above was laboratory strain tested in compression to determine its Young's modulus.
  • the sample size was 250 mm square, having a nominal thickness of 40 mm.
  • the nominal density of the sample was 520 kg/m3.
  • An Instron compression machine was utilised, with a load cell of 10 kN capacity.
  • the loading plates were: 100 mm top compression plate, 300 mm bottom compression plate.
  • test protocol was as follows;
  • the vertical strain at 2500N was estimated at approximately 10%.
  • the gradient of the force versus deformation graphs permitted an estimate of the sample (spring) stiffness to be in the range of 600 kN/m.
  • the stress/strain data suggests an (elastic) stiffness modulus of approximately 3.2 MPa.
  • the test was repeated with a 24 mm thick sample having the same composition as that of the previous sample. This had a nominal density of 490 Kg/m3.
  • the vertical strain at 2500N was approximately 17% and the gradient of the force versus deformation graph permitted an estimate of the sample (spring) stiffness to be in the range 570 kN/m.
  • the stress/strain data suggests an (elastic) stiffness modulus of approximately 2MPa.
  • the level surface of the substrate 2 allows the water to distribute across the whole of the sports field 1, assisted by capillary action within the water distributing layer 4 and its open structure.
  • the inlets 18 to the drain channel 16 are at the height of the bitumen coating 12 at the upper surface of the substrate 2 and allow the water to escape into the drain channel 16 from where it can flow through the outlet 30 to the chamber 28 and through the valve flow gate 32 to the storm water drainage system 34.
  • the valve flow gate can be closed, whereby water will back-up within the drain channel 16 until it reaches the level of the inlets 18. Any further rainfall will remain within the containment 24.
  • the valve flow gate 32 may be controlled to keep the level of water at a predetermined level within the water distributing layer 4 or may be set to slowly release it into the storm water drainage system 34 to allow for attenuation.
  • the water management facility 26 may be provided with a buffer reservoir having a capacity equal to the size of the containment or at least the part of the containment above the water distributing layer 4, allowing this portion of the sports field 1 to be filled and emptied prior to play commencing.
  • the arrangement of sub-base construction and its design may be based on local geological conditions and materials available. Thicknesses and ratios of granulated materials of the water distributing layer, kerb size and shape, drainage hole frequency, size and shape water inlet and outlet points attenuation and water flow rates, and water input and extraction facilities may all be dependent on performance requirements and may be distinct from the schematically illustrated design.

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Claims (15)

  1. Verfahren zum Kühlen eines Sportplatzes (1), wobei der Sportplatz
    einen stabilen, undurchlässigen Untergrund (2);
    eine poröse Wasserverteilungsschicht (4), die über dem Untergrund vorgesehen ist;
    eine Kunstrasenschicht (6) über der Wasserverteilungsschicht;
    einen Damm (8), der einen Umfang des Sportplatzes begrenzt und sich von dem Untergrund (2) zu mindestens der Höhe der Kunstrasenschicht erstreckt, und
    einen Ablaufkanal (16) aufweist, der bei einer Höhe Einlässe (18) hat, um mit der Wasserverteilungsschicht in Verbindung zu stehen, sodass Wasser aus der Wasserverteilungsschicht in den Ablaufkanal fließen kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Wasser aus dem Ablaufkanal (16) in die Wasserverteilungsschicht (4) fließen kann, wobei der Untergrund (2) und der Damm (8) zusammen mit dem Ablaufkanal (16) eine Eindämmung (24) ausbilden, welche in hohem Maße wasserdicht ist und Wasser für eine bedeutende Zeitdauer aufstauen kann, wobei
    das Verfahren ein Füllen der Eindämmung (24) mit Wasser bis zu einer Tiefe, die ausreichend ist, um zumindest einen Teil der Kunstrasenschicht (6) über die Gesamtfläche des Sportplatzes (1) zu tränken, und ein nachfolgendes Ablassen des Wassers aus der Eindämmung (24) umfasst.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Ablaufkanal (16) mit dem Damm (8) einstückig ausgebildet ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, ferner mit einer Wasserverwaltungseinrichtung (26), die angeordnet ist, um die Höhe des Wassers in dem Ablaufkanal (16) zu steuern, um zu bestimmen, ob Wasser aus der Wasserverteilungsschicht (4) in den Ablaufkanal oder umgekehrt fließt.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei sich der Ablaufkanal (16) unterhalb und oberhalb von der Wasserverteilungsschicht (4) erstreckt.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei der feste undurchlässige Untergrund (2) einen verfestigten Bodenuntergrund und/oder eine wasserdichte Membran oder Beschichtung (12) umfasst.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei die Deckfläche der Wasserverteilungsschicht (4) im Wesentlichen horizontal ist und vorzugsweise keine Steigung hat, die größer als 1 zu 100 und optional weniger als 1 zu 300 ist.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei die Wasserverteilungsschicht (4) ein recyceltes Kunststoffgranulat und ein Bindemittel enthält und bevorzugt einen Hohlraumanteil zwischen 20 % und 70 %, optional um 45 %, und/oder eine Tiefe zwischen 10 mm und 100 mm, optional um 40 mm, hat.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei die Wasserverteilungsschicht (4) einen Elastizitätsmodul bezüglich Druck zwischen 0,1 MPa und 50 MPa, vorzugsweise zwischen 1 MPa und 10 MPa und weiter bevorzugt zwischen 2 MPa und 5 MPa, hat.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, ferner mit einer elastischen Schicht, die zwischen der Wasserverteilungsschicht (4) und der Kunstrasenschicht (6) vorgesehen ist.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, wobei zumindest das obere Ende des Damms (8) ein elastisches Material aufweist.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, ferner umfassend: Errichten des Sportplatzes (1) durch:
    Bereitstellen des festen undurchlässigen Untergrunds (2);
    Bereitstellen der Wasserverteilungsschicht (4) über dem Untergrund (2);
    Verlegen der Kunstrasenschicht (6) über der Wasserverteilungsschicht (4);
    Ausbilden des Damms (8), der einen Umfang des Sportplatzes (1) begrenzt und sich von dem Untergrund (2) zu mindestens der Höhe der Kunstrasenschicht (6) erstreckt; und
    Bereitstellen des Ablaufkanals (16), der mit der Wasserverteilungsschicht (4) in Verbindung steht, sodass Wasser aus der Wasserverteilungsschicht (4) in den Ablaufkanal (16) und umgekehrt fließen kann.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, wobei das Bereitstellen des Untergrunds (2) eine Stabilisierung des bestehenden örtlichen Bodens zu einem CBR-Wert von größer als 15 und vorzugsweise zu einer Tiefe von mindestens 100 mm aufweist.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 12, wobei das Bereitstellen der Wasserverteilungsschicht (4) aufweist:
    Verlegen einer halbflüssigen Masse vor Ort, die recyceltes Plastikgranulat und ein Bindemittel enthält, Nivellieren der halbflüssigen Masse und Ermöglichen, dass die halbflüssige Masse aushärtet, um eine starre poröse Schicht zu bilden, oder
    Pflastern des Untergrunds mit vorab ausgebildeten porösen Platten aus recyceltem Kunststoffgranulat.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Wasserverwaltungseinrichtung (26) mit einem Pufferspeicher versehen ist, der ein Fassungsvermögen hat, das gleich der Größe der Eindämmung (24) oder zumindest dem Teil der Eindämmung (24) oberhalb von der Wasserverteilungsschicht (4) ist, was ermöglicht, diesen Abschnitt des Sportplatzes (1) zu füllen und zu leeren.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, ferner umfassend das Puffern von Wasser in dem Sportplatz (1), wobei das Verfahren ein Sammeln von Regenwasser in der Eindämmung (24) bei Regenfällen und ein Steuern einer Abgabe aus der Einfassung (24) während Zeiten von keinem oder wenig Regen aufweist.
EP14825195.2A 2014-12-19 2014-12-19 Verfahren zur kühlung eines sportfelds Active EP3234262B1 (de)

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PL3656919T3 (pl) * 2018-11-20 2023-09-25 Dutchblue World B.V. Boisko sportowe oraz sposoby jego formowania i obsługi
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EP3234262A1 (de) 2017-10-25
WO2016099253A1 (en) 2016-06-23
US20170328017A1 (en) 2017-11-16
ES2767374T3 (es) 2020-06-17
AU2014414156A1 (en) 2017-08-10
DK3234262T3 (da) 2020-02-03
NZ733868A (en) 2021-09-24
US10385520B2 (en) 2019-08-20
AU2014414156B2 (en) 2020-07-23

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