EP3233076A1 - Procede d'obtention d'une composition enrichie en dihydroquercetine ou en tanins - Google Patents
Procede d'obtention d'une composition enrichie en dihydroquercetine ou en taninsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3233076A1 EP3233076A1 EP15808644.7A EP15808644A EP3233076A1 EP 3233076 A1 EP3233076 A1 EP 3233076A1 EP 15808644 A EP15808644 A EP 15808644A EP 3233076 A1 EP3233076 A1 EP 3233076A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- bark
- fraction
- enriched
- dihydroquercetin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/13—Coniferophyta (gymnosperms)
- A61K36/15—Pinaceae (Pine family), e.g. pine or cedar
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline
- A61K31/353—3,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/15—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving mechanical treatment, e.g. chopping up, cutting or grinding
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/17—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving drying, e.g. sun-drying or wilting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of obtaining compositions enriched in certain polyphenols, respectively dihydroquercetin or tannins.
- Polyphenols or phenolic compounds, are organic molecules, products of the secondary metabolism of plants. They are chemically characterized by the presence of several phenolic groups.
- Polyphenols have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health. Indeed, their properties as natural antioxidants could play a role in the prevention and treatment of cancer, inflammatory, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. These chemical compounds are also used as additives in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
- the flavonoid family comprises over 6000 compounds, grouped into four main groups: flavones, flavonones and dihydrofiavonones (flavanonols), flavanols and anthocyanins.
- This broad family includes both monomeric and polymeric compounds.
- Tannins are polymeric compounds. There are mainly two categories of tannins: catechin tannins also called condensed tannins or procyanidins, and hydrolyzable tannins mainly comprising gallotanins and ellagitannins. On the chemical level, they consist either of oligomers or polymers of flavanols (condensed tannins), or polyols to which are attached galloyles units or their derivatives (hydrolysable tannins).
- Tannins are naturally present in many plants, including grapes. They have been used for centuries in skin tanning because they have the natural property of precipitating proteins. They are also interesting for their ability to chelate metal ions and especially heavy cations. In oenology, tannins are used for fining wines because they have a strong ability to combine with proteins. The application of tannins extends to many other areas such as those of agribusiness, pharmacy, cosmetics, ceramics, and textiles.
- Dihydroquercetin also called taxifolin, is a monomeric organic compound of the flavanonol family.
- Flavanonols (3-hydroxyflavanone or 2,3-dihydroflavonol) are a class of flavonoids derived from 3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-2-phenylchromen-4-one.
- Taxifolin is naturally present in acai (Euterpe oleracea), Siberian larch (Latrix sibiricd) and silymarin extracted from milk thistle seeds. Taxifolin is mainly produced by extraction in Russia.
- Taxifolin has many properties potentially beneficial to health. In particular, it has been shown in vitro that taxifolin protects cell membranes, improves capillary activity and micro-circulation. It has also been shown that taxifolin possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy or hepatoprotective activities. It is also known that the antioxidant properties of taxifolin are greater than those of other flavonoids or those of vitamin E. In addition, taxifolin has no mutagenic effect and has very low toxicity properties. In particular, taxifolin is even less toxic than the quercetin compound which is related to it.
- taxifolin Because of its many beneficial properties for health, taxifolin is widely used in the pharmaceutical field, in the food industry and in the cosmetics field.
- taxifolin may be prescribed in particular in complex treatments for vitamin deficiency, cardiovascular diseases, ischemic heart disease and atherosclerosis. Some studies encourage the use of taxifolin for the treatment of cancers. As regards the medical properties of taxifolin, those skilled in the art can advantageously refer to the Weidmann article (2012, European Journal of Pharmacology, Vol 684: 19-26).
- taxifolin is used as an antioxidant, particularly in the manufacture of food products containing fat. Taxifolin is particularly used in the preparation of meat or fish products, dairy products, or confectionery. There is thus a growing demand from industry for the availability of large quantities of taxifolin. However, current production of taxifolin is insufficient to meet the needs of the market. As a result, taxifolin is marketed at very high prices.
- taxifolin extracts consist of high temperature hydro-alcoholic extraction methods, the actual extraction steps being followed by one or more purification steps of the taxifolin contained in the extracts.
- the purification of taxifolin extracts is mainly carried out by chromatography or by re-crystallization.
- the extraction of the tannins is also carried out by the use of one or more solvents, such as acetone and ethyl acetate. It can be followed by a depolymerization step, a routine analytical method that relies on the acid-catalyzed failure of intermonomeric bonds.
- solvents such as acetone and ethyl acetate.
- Bocalandro et al. disclose a process in which bark chips of Pinus radiata are subjected to a hydroalcoholic extraction step at 120 ° C. The resulting extract was then subjected to an evaporation step to remove residual ethanol. The resulting aqueous extract is filtered to separate the water-soluble polyphenolic fraction and the water-insoluble polyphenolic fraction. The water-soluble polyphenolic fraction is then lyophylized and then stored in sealed containers.
- taxifolin is present at a rate of about 17 mg per gram of extract. Tannins are present at about 330 to 340 mg per gram of extract.
- the aqueous portion of the extract free of resinous impurity is subjected to a chromatography step and the taxifolin is recovered in one or more fractions of the eluate, according to the desired degree of purity of taxifolin. Then, after evaporation of the residual ethanol, the elution product is crystallized.
- the known methods for obtaining taxifolin and tannins comprise a plurality of pressing and intense washing steps with water or organic solvents.
- the implementation of these methods of obtaining taxifolin and tannins is expensive, in particular because of the large volumes of solvents required and the energy cost.
- the implementation of repeated extraction and separation steps may contribute to the degradation of phenolic compounds, including taxifolin, since this compound is rapidly oxidized in contact with air.
- the invention relates to a process for obtaining a composition based on coniferous bark enriched with dihydroquercetin and / or tannins, comprising the following steps:
- step b) selecting, from the crushed particles obtained in step a), the fraction of bark particles:
- the present invention relates to a process for obtaining a tannin-enriched composition comprising tannin enrichment steps which are carried out dry, without requiring the use of solvent.
- the present invention thus relates to a process for obtaining a tannin enriched coniferous bark composition comprising the following steps:
- step b) selecting, from the grind of particles obtained in step a), the fraction of particles of smaller size representing at most 40% by weight, relative to the total weight of the grind of particles obtained in step a ).
- said method comprises the following steps:
- step bl separating, according to their size, the bark particles contained in the ground material obtained in step a) into a plurality of fractions comprising particles of a distinct size, and b2) selecting a fraction of tannin-enriched bark particles, said fraction consisting of bark particles having a size less than 0.30 mm, and preferably bark particles having a size less than 0.16 mm.
- said conifer is a maritime pine.
- the invention also relates to a fraction of tannin-enriched bark particles obtainable by the above process.
- the invention also relates to a composition enriched in tannins that can be obtained by the above process.
- the present invention relates to a process for obtaining a composition enriched in taxifolin comprising taxifoline enrichment steps which are carried out by the dry route, without requiring the use of solvent.
- the present invention thus relates to a process for obtaining a composition based on coniferous bark enriched in dihydroquercetin, comprising the following steps:
- step b) selecting, from the grind of particles obtained in step a), the fraction of particles of larger size representing at most 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the grind of particles obtained in step a ).
- said method comprises the following steps:
- step bl separating, according to their size, the bark particles contained in the ground material obtained in step a) into a plurality of fractions comprising particles of a distinct size
- the dried chips used in step a) have a size of the order of a few cm.
- the grinding step a) is performed according to a method selected from (1) grinding in a knife milling device, (2) milling in a ball milling device, and (3) milling in a knife milling device followed by milling in an air jet mill.
- step a) when an air jet mill device is used in step a), it is preferable to carry out in step a) a pre-grinding of the chips to the using a knife milling device and then subjecting the coarse ground material thus obtained to fine grinding with the aid of an air jet mill.
- these further include a step (c) of solvent extraction of the tannins or dihydroquercetin contained in the particles of the tannin or dihydroquercetin-enriched fraction. obtained in step b) or b2).
- said conifer is a Douglas fir.
- the invention also relates to a fraction of bark particles enriched in dihydroquercetin obtainable by the above method.
- the invention also relates to a composition enriched in dihydroquercetin obtainable by the above method.
- Figure 1 Percentage mass of each fraction of Fl bark particles (particle size greater than 1 mm), F2 (particle size less than 1 mm and greater than 0.56 mm), F3 (particle size less than 0 , 56 mm and greater than 0.16 mm) and F4 (particle size less than 0.16 mm). On the ordinate: percentage relative to the total mass of the sample of starting bark particles (fraction F0).
- the present invention provides an improved process for obtaining a composition enriched in certain polyphenols, and more particularly a composition enriched in dihydroquercetin and a composition enriched in tannins. It is shown according to the invention that, unexpectedly, a composition enriched in dihydroquercetin can be obtained from a particular fraction of the tissues forming the bark of a conifer.
- the inventors have in particular shown that certain constituent tissues of the bark of a conifer, in particular Douglas-fir, are particularly rich in dihydroquercetin.
- the inventors have also shown that all of these coniferous bark tissues with a high content of dihydroquercetin contain a large part of the total amount of dihydroquercetin contained in the bark of these trees.
- the Applicant has developed a method specifically adapted for obtaining bark tissue fractions which have been identified as having a high content of certain polyphenols, and in particular respectively the high bark tissue fraction of the bark tissue. dihydroquercetin or the bark tissue fraction having a high tannin content.
- the Applicant has shown that the bark tissue fractions of interest can be separated from the other bark tissue fractions by grinding and then separation, according to their size, of the bark particles contained in the resulting ground material. .
- the dihydroquercetin present in the coniferous bark is mainly located in some of the constituent tissues of this bark. It follows from the results obtained by the inventors that a composition enriched with dihydroquercetin can be obtained from coniferous bark by means of a process which would make it possible to obtain a product enriched in the tissue (s) in which which one (s) is mainly located dihydroquercetin.
- Such a method, adapted for obtaining a composition based on coniferous bark, enriched with dihydroquercetin is provided according to the invention.
- the inventors have also shown that the tannins present in the coniferous bark are mainly located in some of the constituent tissues of this bark. It follows from the results obtained by the inventors that a composition enriched in tannins can be obtained from coniferous bark, by means of a process which would obtain a product enriched in the fabric (s) in which (s) are mainly localized tannins.
- the present invention relates to a process for obtaining a tannin-enriched coniferous bark composition comprising the following steps:
- step b) selecting, from the grind of particles obtained in step a), the fraction of bark particles of smaller size representing at most 40% by weight, relative to the total weight of the particle grind obtained at 1 step a).
- said method comprises the following steps:
- step bl separating, according to their size, the bark particles contained in the ground material obtained in step a) into a plurality of fractions comprising particles of a distinct size
- the present invention relates to a process for obtaining a composition based on coniferous bark enriched in dihydroquercetin, comprising the following steps:
- step b) selecting, from the grind of particles obtained in step a), the fraction of particles of larger size representing at most 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the grind of particles obtained in step a ).
- step a) of grinding can be carried out by any technique known to those skilled in the art. It may be carried out in particular, according to known techniques, using a grinding device selected from (1) a knife mill device, (2) a ball mill device, and (3) an air jet mill device. In In some embodiments of grinding step a), a combination of several of these devices is used.
- step b) can be carried out by sieving, using a series of successive sieves of increasingly smaller mesh size.
- step a the weight of the particle grind obtained in step a) is determined, and then (ii) the sieving operation is carried out, which results in the separation of the particles of said ground material into a plurality fractions of particles of different size ranges, the weight of each fraction of particles being also determined, and then (iii) selecting the fraction or fractions comprising the smaller and / or larger particles, provided that the weight of the selected fraction of particles, or the weight of the plurality of selected fractions, represents at most 40% or 50% of the total weight of the particulate melt obtained in step a).
- the particles of the ground material obtained in step a) which are the most enriched in tannins are those which are smaller in size.
- the fraction of particles is selected in step b) according to, in particular, the degree of tannin enrichment of the final composition that is desired.
- the fraction of particles of smaller size which represents at most 40% of the total weight of the ground material obtained in step at).
- the particles of the ground material obtained in step a) which are the most enriched in dihydroquercetin are those which are moreover big size.
- the fraction of particles is selected in step b) according to, inter alia, the degree of dihydroquercetin enrichment of the final composition that is desired.
- the fraction of particles of larger size which represents at most 50% of the total weight of the ground material obtained in step a ).
- step b) the fraction of particles of larger size which represents at most 40%, 30% or 20% of the total weight of the grind of particles obtained in step a).
- a fraction of particles representing at most 40% by weight, relative to the total weight of the ground material obtained in step a comprises a fraction of particles representing at most 39%), 38% ), 37%, 36%, 35%, 34% o, 33%, 32%, 31%, 30%, 29%, 28%, 27%, 26%, 25%, 24%, 23%, 22% , 21%, 20%, 19%, 18%), 17%), 16%) and 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the ground material obtained in step a).
- a fraction of particles representing at most 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the ground material obtained in step a) comprises a fraction of particles representing at most 49% o, 48%, 47%, 46%, 45%, 44%, 43%, 42%), 41%, 40%, 39%, 38%, 37%, 36%, 35%, 34%, 33%, 32%, 31% %, 30%, 29%, 28%, 27%, 26%, 25%, 24%, 23%, 22%, 21%, and 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the particulate grind obtained from step a).
- step a) of grinding can be carried out using a knife milling device, for example using a knife milling device equipped with a 6mm outlet grille.
- step b) sieving is selected either:
- a fraction of tannin-enriched bark particles consisting of bark particles having a size less than 0.30 mm, preferably less than 0.16 mm; is
- the fraction of particles having a size of less than 0.16 mm represents approximately 16% by weight, relative to the total weight of the ground material obtained in step a) .
- the fraction of particles having a particle size greater than 1 mm represents approximately 26% by weight, relative to the total weight of the ground material obtained in step a) .
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to obtain compositions enriched in polyphenols, in particular in tannins or in dihydroquercetin, by means of physical enrichment steps, carried out at room temperature without the use of a solvent, thus avoiding degradation of the polyphenols of interest, specifically taxifolin.
- the polyphenol enrichment steps, specifically in tannins or taxifolin, of the above process because they do not require heating or solvent, are less expensive than the known solvent extraction steps, which are performed at high temperature.
- said method comprises the following steps:
- step bl separating, according to their size, the bark particles contained in the ground material obtained in step a) into a plurality of fractions comprising particles of a distinct size
- step b) itself comprises the steps b1) and b2) specified.
- Bark chips means bark fragments regardless of size or shape.
- the bark chips have, in their greatest length, a size that can vary from a few centimeters to several tens of centimeters, for example from 5 cm to 30 cm.
- the thickness of the chips generally varies from a few millimeters to a few centimeters, for example from 1 mm to 5 cm, and often from 1 mm to 3 cm.
- tannins condensed tannins, such as flavonoid polymers, and hydrolyzable tannins, such as esters of gallic acid or ellagic acid.
- tannins refers to flavonoid polymers.
- composition enriched in tannins is meant according to the invention a composition obtained from a starting material and having a tannin content substantially greater than the tannin content of said starting material, in particular having a tannin content. which is at least double the tannin content of the starting material.
- a tannin-enriched composition includes those compositions resulting from the process having a tannin content of at least 20% greater than the tannin content of the starting material, namely dried conifer bark chips. It is pointed out that, for purposes of the present description, two tannin content values are compared after taking into account the moisture content of the respective compared materials.
- dihydroquercetin is meant the compound (2R, 3R) -2- (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-3-dihydrochromen-4-one, which is also commonly referred to as “taxifolin” , and whose CAS reference is CAS 480-18-2.
- composition enriched with dihydroquercetin means a composition obtained from a starting material and having a dihydroquercetin content substantially greater than the dihydroquercetin content of said starting material, in particular having a dihydroquercetin content. which is at least double the dihydroquercetin content of the starting material.
- a composition enriched in dihydroquercetin includes the compositions resulting from the process whose dihydroquercetin content is at least 20% higher than the dihydroquercetin content of the starting material, namely the dried chips of conifer bark. It is pointed out that, for purposes of this disclosure, two dihydroquercetin content values are compared after taking into account the moisture content of the respective compared materials.
- the particle size is preferably determined by a sieving method, for which a succession of mesh sieves of increasingly reduced mesh size is used.
- a sieving method for which a succession of mesh sieves of increasingly reduced mesh size is used.
- step a dried chips of conifer bark are milled to obtain a set of small bark particles, able to undergo a second grinding step.
- the ground material obtained at the end of step a) comprises a set of particles having grain size characteristics such that these particles have a particle size greater than 1 ⁇ .
- the ground material obtained at the end of step a) comprises particles having a size equal to or less than 10 mm, and very preferably a size equal to or less than 6 mm.
- the particle size profile of the particles contained in the ground material may be of the unimodal or multi-modal type, with a particle size of up to 6 mm.
- Bark particles from grinding step a) are collected for further processing.
- step a) is carried out with dried chips.
- the inventors have shown that the use of very wet chips, that is to say of chips whose moisture content is greater than 50%, in step a) caused clogging of the grinding device.
- the clogging of the grinder device is illustrated in particular by a clogging of the selection grid, which prevents the particles from leaving the mill and being collected for the rest of the process.
- the particles remain in the tank of the milling device in an undesired manner, which results, at the end of step a), in a mill which is difficult to collect and is therefore unfit for the continuation of the process.
- the chips prior to step a), are subjected to a drying step at a temperature ranging from 30 ° C to 40 ° C for a period ranging from 6 hours to 36 hours, better from 10 hours to 30 hours, advantageously about 24 hours.
- a drying step at a temperature ranging from 30 ° C to 40 ° C for a period ranging from 6 hours to 36 hours, better from 10 hours to 30 hours, advantageously about 24 hours.
- the person skilled in the art knows how to adapt the temperature and the duration of the process according to the degree of humidity of the starting chips.
- a drying temperature below 30 ° C is ineffective.
- a drying temperature above 40 ° C should be avoided in order not to damage the polyphenols contained in the bark, and in particular not to deteriorate the taxifolin or the tannins contained in the bark.
- the dried chips used in step a) have a residual moisture equal to or less than 40%, preferably a residual moisture equal to or less than 15%.
- the residual moisture content is determined by the gravimetric method as follows: residual moisture is removed from the test product by heating.
- the residual moisture content of the tested product is calculated based on the weight loss of the product during the drying cycle.
- the residual moisture content is calculated according to the conventional technique of (i) performing a first weighing of a set of bark chips, (ii) drying said set of bark chips, for example by passing through an oven at 120 ° C, for example for 24 hours, for example at reduced pressure, (iii) performing a second weighing of said set of bark chips after drying, and (iv) calculating the initial water content (residual moisture) said set of bark chips) from the calculation of the amount of water evaporated.
- step a) can be carried out using any type of grinding device making it possible to obtain, from bark chips, obtaining bark particles having the size of particle specified in this specification.
- a grinding device chosen from (1) grinding in a knife milling device, (2) grinding in a ball mill device, and (3) grinding in an air jet mill device and, where appropriate, a combination of several of these devices, i.e., at least two such devices.
- the grinding step a) can be carried out according to a method chosen from (1) a grinding in a knife milling device, (2) a grinding in a ball mill device, and (3) a grinding in a device air mill, or a combination of at least two of these methods.
- step a) is performed using a knife milling device of a known type.
- a knife milling device of a known type.
- Those skilled in the art can for example use a Retsch SM100 type knife mill marketed by Retsch.
- the grinding step a) is carried out at a rotor speed of about 1500 revolutions per minute. It is specified that, when a knife milling is used in step a), grinding is preferably carried out continuously. Thus, the grind of particles is generated continuously in step a) before separation of the constitutive particles of the grind, in step b). With this type of grinder, the duration of the grinding step is not critical , since the maximum size of the particles contained in the ground material is determined by the mesh size of the selection gate at the outlet of the mill. By way of illustration, the mill is equipped with an outlet grid of 6 mm if the maximum desired size of the particles constituting the ground material obtained at the end of step a) is 6 mm.
- step a) is performed using a ball mill device, also known as a ball mill, of a known type.
- a ball mill also known as a ball mill
- the skilled person may for example use a ball mill marketed by the company Faure (France).
- Faure France
- a ball mill may be used in which balls of different diameters, or balls of diameters of 1, 2 cm, 1, 6 cm and 2.6 cm, have been introduced.
- the balls of 1, 2 cm, 1, 6 cm and 2.6 cm in the proportions of 1/3, 1/3 and 1/3 can be introduced into the crusher bowl.
- step a) comprises two grinding steps, respectively the following steps:
- the grinding step a) is preferably carried out at 70% of the critical speed.
- the critical speed is defined as the speed from which the balls are located on the walls of the tank due to the centrifugal force. It is understood that the critical speed depends in particular on the size and density of the balls used as well as the diameter of the tank of the grinding device.
- step a) when step a) is carried out with a ball mill, step a) can be carried out for a duration that may vary from 10 minutes to 120 hours, for example by applying a rotational speed of the reaction vessel. about 120 rpm.
- step a) is performed using an air jet mill device of a known type.
- an air jet mill marketed by Hosokawa-Alpine.
- an air jet mill can be used at a pressure of 4.5 bars and a rotation speed of the selection turbine of about 2,000 rpm.
- step a) comprises two grinding steps, respectively the following steps:
- a2) a second step comprising grinding the chip mill obtained in step a1) using an air jet milling device to obtain a crushed chip of coniferous bark particles.
- step a) comprises two grinding steps, respectively the following steps:
- a3) a third step comprising grinding the second chip mill obtained in step a2) using an air jet milling device to obtain a crushed chip of coniferous bark particles.
- Step b) selection or steps bl) and bl) separation and selection comprises separating the bark particles obtained in step a) to obtain a plurality of fractions comprising particles of different sizes.
- the operating conditions of step b), or b1) are adapted to obtain a plurality of bark particle fractions, respectively at least:
- the operating conditions of step b), or b1) are adapted to obtain a plurality of bark particle fractions, respectively at least:
- a particle size greater than 0.60 mm includes a particle size greater than 0.65 mm, 0.70 mm, 0.75 mm, 0.80 mm 0.90 mm, 0, 95 mm, 1.00 mm, 1.05 mm and 1.10 mm, 1.15 mm, 1.20 mm, 1.25 mm and 1.30 mm,
- a particle size of less than 1.00 mm includes a particle size of less than 0.90 mm, 0.80 mm, 0.70 mm, and 0.65 mm.
- a particle size of 0.30 mm or less includes a particle size of less than 0.25 mm, 0.20 mm and 0.16 mm.
- step b) of separation in certain variants of the process, other fractions of bark particles, additional to fractions (i) and (ii) are obtained. above, for example fractions whose particle size is intermediate between fractions (i) and (ii) above, as illustrated in the examples.
- step b), or bl), of separating the bark particles is carried out by sieving.
- the bark particles obtained in step a) are separated in step b) successively using:
- a first sieve whose mesh size may vary from 0.60 mm to 1.30 mm, for example a sieve with a mesh size of 1.00 mm, for the purpose of obtaining the fraction (i) of particles bark above which is retained by the sieve, and
- a second sieve whose mesh size may vary from 0.10 mm to 0.30 mm, for example a sieve whose mesh size is 0.16 mm, for the purpose of obtaining the fraction (ii) of particles bark above, which is not retained by the sieve.
- step b) additional sieves are used whose mesh size is intermediate between the respective mesh sizes of the first and second sieves described above, as illustrated in the examples. .
- step b) Continuation of step b) or completion of selection step b2)
- step b) in certain process variants, the fraction or fractions of coniferous bark particles which are enriched in tannins or in dihydroquercetin, that is to say of which the tannin or dihydroquercetin content is substantially greater than the tannin or dihydroquercetin content of the conifer bark chips used as the starting material.
- the fraction comprising bark particles having a particle size equal to or greater than a particle size ranging from 0.6 mm to 1.00 is selected. mm, and preferably bark particles having a size greater than 1.00 mm. As shown in the examples, it is a fraction of coniferous particles that has a high dihydroquercetin content. This fraction of bark particles contains, on average, at least 50% by weight of all of the dihydroquercetin contained in the starting bark material.
- the inventors have also shown that the fraction (ii) of coniferous bark particles having a particle size equal to or less than a particle size of 0.10 mm at 0.30 mm, for example a particle size equal to or smaller than 0.16 mm, was enriched with other polyphenols, and specifically with tannins.
- step b) or b2) the fraction or fractions of coniferous bark particles which are enriched in tannins are selected, that is to say that is, the tannin content is substantially higher than the tannin content of the conifer bark chips used as the starting material.
- the fraction of tannin-enriched bark particles obtained in step b) or b2) of the process can then be used to obtain purified tannin compositions.
- a purified composition of tannins is obtained by using known methods of extraction and purification using as starting material the tannin-enriched fraction from step b) or b2) of the process described above.
- the method described above comprises an additional step c) of obtaining a purified composition of tannins by extraction of the tannins contained in the particles of the tannin-enriched fraction obtained in step b) or b2).
- the extraction step may be followed by a distillation step to remove the acetone and then a step of removing the pigments and lipids by solvent, for example using the hexane solvent.
- fraction of dihydroquercetin enriched bark particles obtained in step b) of the process, or in step b2) in certain process variants can then be used to obtain purified compositions of dihydroquercetin .
- a purified composition of dihydroquercetin is obtained by using known methods of extraction and purification using as starting material the enriched dihydroquercetin fraction from step b), or b2), of the process described herein. -above.
- the method described above comprises an additional step c) of obtaining a purified composition of dihydroquercetin by extraction of the dihydroquercetin contained in the particles of the dihydroquercetin-enriched action obtained at the same time. step b), or b2).
- step c) a method for obtaining dihydroquercetin such as the method described in European Patent Application No. EP 2 639 232 or the method described by Wang et al. (2011, Food Chemistry, Vol 126: 1178-1185).
- step c) comprises the following steps:
- step d2) purifying dihydroquercetin from the polyphenol extract obtained in step d1).
- Step c1) can be carried out according to any known method.
- step c1) may comprise an extraction of the polyphenols with the aid of a hydro-alcoholic solvent, for example with a solvent having an ethanol / water weight ratio of 25/75, for example a temperature of 40 ° C, as described for example in the European Patent Application No. EP 2,639,232.
- a hydro-alcoholic solvent for example with a solvent having an ethanol / water weight ratio of 25/75, for example a temperature of 40 ° C, as described for example in the European Patent Application No. EP 2,639,232.
- step c1) comprises an extraction of the polyphenols with the aid of an aqueous solvent comprising an enzyme or a plurality enzymes such as cellulase, pectinase and / or beta-glucosidase, as described in the article by Wang et al. (2002, cited above).
- step c1) comprises extracting the polyphenols with water at elevated temperature, as described in US Patent 3,189,596.
- the latter method is not preferred because a high temperature is likely to deteriorate part of the dihydroquercetin contained in coniferous bark particles.
- step c1) the person skilled in the art can of course use any other known method, such as the method described in PCT ⁇ Application No. WO 2013/172693 or the method described by Ma et al. (2012, Int J Sci Mol, Vol 13 (7): 8789-8804).
- Step c2) can be performed by any method known to those skilled in the art.
- Step d2) is advantageously a purification step by chromatography; as described for example in European Patent Application No. EP 2 639 232 or in the article by Wang et al. (2002, cited above).
- chromatographic support any type of suitable chromatographic support may be used, such as reverse phase chromatography supports (eg HIQ sil type supports marketed by Chromatek, diol phase chromatographic supports marketed for example by YMC Europe or the type Cl 8 supports marketed by Kinetex).
- Cl 8 type supports are preferred, especially the supports of this type marketed by Kinetex
- the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the bark tissues can vary considerably. It appears that the conifers have a bark of specific structure and constitution, which has allowed the development of the enrichment process of polyphenols, particularly tannins and dihydroquercetin, which is defined in the present description.
- the constituent tissues of Douglas pine bark have a structure and a constitution such that:
- the tannins are concentrated in a particular fabric, ground into very fine particles, this fraction being designated 'F4' in the examples; and - Dihydroquercetin is found in high content in a particular tissue located in the heart of the bark, tissue which has been designated "T2" in the examples.
- the process according to the invention is carried out using bark chips of a conifer selected from cedar, cypress, pine, fir, juniper, agathis, larch, maritime pine (pinus pinaster), Douglas fir and redwood.
- a conifer selected from cedar, cypress, pine, fir, juniper, agathis, larch, maritime pine (pinus pinaster), Douglas fir and redwood.
- Douglas fir chips are preferably used for the process for obtaining a composition enriched with dihydroquercetin, and chips for maritime pine (pinus pinaster) for the process for obtaining a composition enriched in tannins.
- the present invention also relates to a fraction of tannin-enriched bark particles that can be obtained by the process defined in the present description.
- the invention also relates to a composition enriched in tannins that can be obtained by the process defined in the present description.
- the present invention also relates to a fraction of bark particles enriched in dihydroquercetin obtainable by the process defined in the present description.
- the invention also relates to a composition enriched in dihydroquercetin obtainable by the process defined in the present description.
- compositions enriched in tannins or in dihydroquercetin may be used in particular for the preparation of cosmetic compositions or pharmaceutical compositions.
- dihydroquercetin has protective properties against free radicals (antioxidant effect), antibacterial and anti-fungal properties, anti-inflammatory properties, properties of inhibition of the deleterious effects caused. by an excess of certain cytokines such as interferon-gamma, effects of increase of the amount of lipids in the skin, or even cicatrizing effects.
- dihydroquercetin in particular has protective and strengthening properties of the capillary vascular network.
- Dihydroquercetin is particularly useful in the treatment of vitamin deficiency, cardiac ischemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, diseases of the liver, prostate, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, cardiovascular diseases or some cancers.
- composition enriched with dihydroquercetin may be used for the preparation of cosmetic compositions.
- the tannins are mainly used to tan hides and skins, and also to color some fabrics. Regarding their use in health and cosmetics, it is known that the tannins have anti-oxidant properties that make them the compounds of choice for the protection against the oxidative action of free radicals.
- step b), or b1) of the process for obtaining a composition based on coniferous bark enriched with dihydroquercetin makes it possible to simultaneously obtain at least a fraction of coniferous bark particles enriched in dihydroquercetin and at least a fraction of coniferous bark particles enriched in tannins.
- step b), or b2) comprises selecting a fraction of tannin-enriched bark particles, said fraction being bark particles having a smaller size. at 0.30 mm, and preferably bark particles having a size less than 0.16 mm.
- said process further comprises a step d) of obtaining a purified composition of tannins by extracting the tannins contained in the particles of the tannin-enriched fraction obtained in step b), or b2).
- the invention also relates to a process for obtaining a dihydroquercetin enriched conifer bark composition and a tannin enriched coniferous bark composition comprising the steps of:
- step bl separating, according to their size, the bark particles contained in the ground material obtained in step a) into a plurality of fractions comprising particles of a distinct size
- a fraction of bark particles enriched in dihydroquercetin said fraction being constituted by bark particles having a size greater than 0.6 mm, and preferably bark particles having a size greater than 1 mm, and
- a fraction of bark particles enriched in tannins said fraction consisting of bark particles having a size less than 0.30 mm, and preferably bark particles having a size smaller than 0.16 mm.
- Purified dihydroquercetin compositions can be obtained from the dihydroquercetin enriched particle fraction obtained in step 3) according to known methods which are referred to elsewhere in this specification.
- said method further comprises a step 4) of obtaining a purified tannin composition by extracting the tannins contained in the particles of the tannin-enriched fraction obtained from the step 3).
- purified tannin compositions from the fraction of tannin-enriched particles obtained in step 3), according to methods known to those skilled in the art, and in particular according to the same type of methods which comprise at least a step of extraction of the polyphenols by solvent and a purification step, preferably by chromatography.
- a method for solvent extraction of the tannins using an aqueous-alcoholic solution or else using a water / acetone mixture.
- the extraction step may be followed by a distillation step to remove the acetone and then a step removal of pigments and lipids by solvent, for example using hexane solvent.
- the dry fractionation method which is defined in the present description has many advantages, especially for its implementation in industry.
- the process for obtaining compositions enriched in dihydroquercetin or tannins can be effectively inserted into industrial biomass biorefinery processes and in particular forest, agricultural and industrial waste, and be compatible with an industrial economy aiming at sustainable development.
- the process according to the invention comprises enrichment steps in polyphenols of interest, respectively dihydroquercetin and tannins, which is carried out by the dry route, and which therefore does not require water consumption nor, therefore, , of necessity the drying of effluents.
- Example 1 Process for obtaining a composition enriched in dihydroquercetin and a composition enriched in tannins
- a first visual examination distinguishes three different tissues, respectively a light brown Tl tissue, a light beige T2 tissue and a beige T3 tissue darker than the T2 tissue .
- Douglas Fir bark chips from a Douglas Fir harvest were used in April 2013.
- the bark chips were oven dried for 24 hours at a temperature of 30 ° C to 40 ° C (this drying step is necessary to prevent clogging at the time of grinding) and then crushed and separated by sieving.
- the grinding was carried out in a Retsch SM 100 knife mill on a 6 mm grid.
- the mechanical stresses generated within a knife mill are mainly cutting and shearing.
- the sample is conveyed by a hopper to the grinding chamber in which a rotor (intermediate rotation speed: 1500 rpm) equipped with knives ensures the movement of the sample and its grinding between his own knives and counter-knives located in the chamber casing.
- a rotor intermediate rotation speed: 1500 rpm
- the particles When the particles reach a size less than or equal to that of the mesh of the selection grid, they leave the grinding chamber and are discharged to the collecting container.
- the fraction collected was called F0.
- the residence time in the grinding chamber is relatively short, of the order of a few seconds.
- the sieving operation consists in dividing or separating the ground particles by passing them through a succession of sieves whose meshes of the grids are becoming finer. On each sieve the particles whose size is greater than the mesh are retained. Each fraction recovered corresponds to the diameter of the sieve which retained it.
- Sieving was carried out on a ROTEX station for 20 minutes. The sieving was carried out in a sieving column provided with several cylindrical trays of mesh 1 mm, 0.56 mm and 0.16 mm respectively and a cover preventing the loss of particles. The column is agitated by a vibration device whose speed can be controlled. Four fractions were obtained after this sieving, designated fractions F1 to F4.
- C Quantification method for taxifolin present in the different fractions by UPLC-MS
- Solution B The depolymerization solution is prepared by adding 400 ⁇ L of thioglycolic acid in 4.96 mL of methanol containing 0.2 mol / L hydrochloric acid.
- test tubes In test tubes, 2 mL of suspension A and 2 mL of solution B are mixed. The tube is sealed and the reaction mixture is heated at 90 ° C for 6 min.
- the liquid chromatography system is an UPLC Acquity (Waters, Milford, MA) equipped with a diode array detector.
- the column (HSS 100x2 T3, 1 mm, 1.8 mm) is a Nucleosil 120-3 endcapped C18 (Macherey-Nagel, Sweden).
- the flow rate is 0.55 mL.min -1, and the gradient conditions are as follows: solvent A (H 2 O / HCOOH, 99/1, v / v); solvent B (CH 3 CN / H 2 O / HCOOH, 80/19/1, v / v / v); initial conditions 0.1% of B; 0-5 min, 40% linear B; 5-7min, 99% linear B; 7-8min, 99% B and 8-9min, 0.1% linear B.
- solvent A H 2 O / HCOOH, 99/1, v / v
- solvent B CH 3 CN / H 2 O / HCOOH, 80/19/1, v / v / v
- initial conditions 0.1% of B; 0-5 min, 40% linear B; 5-7min, 99% linear B; 7-8min, 99% B and 8-9min, 0.1% linear B.
- the MS analyzes were performed on an AmaZon X ESI Trap mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany). In the source, the nebulizer pressure was 44 psi, the dry gas temperature was set at 200 ° C with a flow rate of 12 L.min-1 and the capillary voltage was set at 4.5kV. Mass spectra were acquired over a mass range of 70-2000 Da in the positive ionization mode. The acquisition speed of the mass spectrum was set at 8.1 m / z.min-1.
- Tannin quantification method present in the different fractions
- the analysis and quantification of the tannins are carried out after a depolymerization step.
- the depolymerization reaction of tannins is a routine analytical method.
- the principle of this method is based on the acid-catalyzed rupture of inter-monomer bonds.
- the breakdown of these bonds is heterolytic so that the extension units are released as carbocations, trapped extemporaneously by the nucleophile (in this work the methyl ester of thioglycolic acid) present in large excess in the medium. Therefore, the distinction between extension units (which are detected as thioethers derivatives) and terminal units (which are released as such, without modification) allows to estimate the average degree of polymerization of the polymers present in the fraction.
- This depolymerization reaction can be done on tannins, previously extracted from the plant or a processed product from the plant as it can be done on the plant material directly, in this case the bark.
- the fraction designated F0 is the fraction recovered after grinding and before sieving.
- Table 1 Tannin and taxifoline content in fractions FO to F4.
- the process according to the invention can also be the means for extracting condensed tannins that can be used, in particular, as precursors for epoxy resins based on a natural material.
- fraction F1 consist of particles of barks of different colors and constitutions suggesting a different histological origin.
- fraction F1 consists in particular of three particle populations:
- Example 2 Reproducibility of the process for obtaining a composition enriched in dihydroquercetin and a composition enriched in tannins.
- Example 1 The method described in Example 1 was reproduced on Douglas pine bark.
- the pine bark was milled on a knife mill and then sieved through the series of sieves previously selected (sieve 1 mm, 0.56 mm, 0.16 mm). The results obtained are shown in Table 3.
- Table 3 Comparison of the yields and tannin and taxifolin content obtained during the tests carried out in Example 1 and in the present example 2.
- Example 3 Implementation of the process with a grinding step carried out with a ball mill device
- Samples were taken after 75 min and 12 h of grinding and were sieved on the 1 mm, 0.56 mm and 0.16 mm grids.
- taxifolin and tannins were determined in the fraction of particles larger than 1 mm and in the fraction of particles smaller than 0.16 mm, showing the highest levels respectively in taxifolin and tannins (Table 4). .
- Table 4 Yield and content of taxifolin obtained during purification by ball milling and sieving.
- Example 4 Process for obtaining a composition enriched in tannins.
- Example 1 The method described in Example 1 was reproduced on commercial maritime pine bark.
- fractions F1 to F4 are characterized by the following particle sizes:
- Table 5 Phenolic composition of fractions generated after grinding and sieving of maritime pine bark.
- Taxifolin fraction mg / g
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1462419A FR3029917B1 (fr) | 2014-12-15 | 2014-12-15 | Procede d'obtention d'une composition enrichie en dihydroquercetine |
| PCT/EP2015/079684 WO2016096781A1 (fr) | 2014-12-15 | 2015-12-15 | Procede d'obtention d'une composition enrichie en dihydroquercetine ou en tanins |
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| EP15808644.7A Withdrawn EP3233076A1 (fr) | 2014-12-15 | 2015-12-15 | Procede d'obtention d'une composition enrichie en dihydroquercetine ou en tanins |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20170326189A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3233076A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3029917B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016096781A1 (fr) |
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| FR3070126B1 (fr) * | 2017-08-18 | 2019-08-30 | Centre De Valorisation Agro Ressources | Extrait de pseudotsuga menziesii, procede d'obtention et utilisations |
| CN108465002A (zh) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-08-31 | 黑龙江中医药大学 | 一种治疗动脉粥样硬化的药物组合物及其应用 |
| KR102820592B1 (ko) * | 2020-10-15 | 2025-06-12 | 후루카와 기카이 긴조쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 무기재료의 제조방법 |
| CN114774490B (zh) * | 2022-04-19 | 2025-01-28 | 沈阳市丽晨生物医药科技有限公司 | 用于抗癌抗氧化抗心脑血管疾病的二氢槲皮素制备方法 |
| CN117986221A (zh) * | 2024-01-18 | 2024-05-07 | 西安全奥生物科技有限公司 | 一种从落叶松中提取二氢槲皮素的方法 |
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| ZA906165B (en) * | 1989-08-08 | 1991-05-29 | Chem Eng Contract Pty Limited | Tannin extraction |
| US20130237712A1 (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2013-09-12 | Flavitpure, Inc. | Method for isolating flavonoid dihydroquercetin (taxifolin) from conifer wood species |
-
2014
- 2014-12-15 FR FR1462419A patent/FR3029917B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2015
- 2015-12-15 US US15/535,602 patent/US20170326189A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-12-15 WO PCT/EP2015/079684 patent/WO2016096781A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2015-12-15 EP EP15808644.7A patent/EP3233076A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| FR3029917A1 (fr) | 2016-06-17 |
| US20170326189A1 (en) | 2017-11-16 |
| WO2016096781A1 (fr) | 2016-06-23 |
| FR3029917B1 (fr) | 2019-05-17 |
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