EP3232459B1 - Electric line protection apparatus - Google Patents

Electric line protection apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3232459B1
EP3232459B1 EP17305409.9A EP17305409A EP3232459B1 EP 3232459 B1 EP3232459 B1 EP 3232459B1 EP 17305409 A EP17305409 A EP 17305409A EP 3232459 B1 EP3232459 B1 EP 3232459B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
differential
contact
trigger
contacts
switch according
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EP17305409.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3232459A1 (en
Inventor
Vincent BOITEUX
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Hager Electro SAS
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Hager Electro SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/02—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by earth fault currents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/1072—Release mechanisms which are reset by opening movement of contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a differential switch (RCCB).
  • RRCB differential switch
  • the differential relay There is a precise and sensitive mechanism housed inside the differential relay. It is generally a magnetic circuit composed of a movable pallet driven remotely or against the pole surfaces of a fixed armature. These pole surfaces are ground in order to obtain high precision in the operation of the relay. In the case of a differential relay, when the pallet is positioned on the armature, it is said to be closed or armed, and when the pallet is at a distance from the armature, it is said to be open or tripped.
  • Polar surfaces are very stressed in the electrical device. They are in particular requested each time the relay is reset, which takes place after a differential tripping, and which also takes place during each manipulation of the handle to open the contacts. In the latter case, since it is a manual manipulation without a differential tripping has not taken place previously, the relay is already armed, and the lock “forces” the re-arming of the relay causing vibrations and friction of the movable pallet on the pole surfaces, and causing premature wear of the pole surfaces.
  • This wear changes the air gap between the movable vane and a first of the pole surfaces on one side, and between the movable vane and a second of the pole surfaces on the other side.
  • the power of the relay will drift downwards because the paddle is further from the polar surface than it should be. This downward drift means that the relay then needs less power to trip, and the relay will even end up tripping on its own without there being a differential fault. The device is then non-functional, and it will no longer be possible to reset the lock.
  • the currently implemented solution consists of declaring a limited number of cycles for the device. The user will know that beyond this number of cycles, the device may be faulty. This solution does not solve the technical problem mentioned above, and is not satisfactory.
  • circuit breaker for the detection of overloads comprising a plurality of movable contacts capable of being separated from fixed contacts, in order to open an electrical circuit to be protected.
  • This circuit breaker comprises thermoelectric means for detecting overloads.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks, by proposing a differential switch comprising a differential tripping device which allows effective protection against differential faults, and which does not constitute a point of weakness for the general life of the device. 'apparatus.
  • This device is characterized mainly in that it comprises a first kinematics for the opening of the contacts following a manual action on the lever and a second kinematics for the opening of the contacts following a differential tripping, said two kinematics being decorrelated from one another so as to reset the differential tripping device only when the second kinematics are implemented.
  • kinematics should be understood or should be understood as being a mechanical system producing a kinematic or movement chain or as being a kinematic system or a kinematic mechanism.
  • the idea at the basis of the invention consists in reducing the stresses on the differential tripping device by the lock, rather than asking the users to count the number of cycles.
  • a reset is carried out after, and only after, a differential trip. In no other case is the differential tripping device requested.
  • this new operation of the device uses the conventional parts of a lock, but with some adaptations and modifications of parts making it possible to obtain two different kinematics of the lock depending on the type of release.
  • the first kinematics is implemented for manual triggering of the device following a manual action performed directly on the lever, while the second kinematics is implemented for automatic differential tripping following the appearance of a differential fault. on a line.
  • the same parts are used in both cutscenes, but have different movements depending on the trigger type. And in particular, only the second kinematics makes it possible to reset the differential tripping device.
  • the first kinematics does not act on the differential tripping device.
  • the second kinematics includes a mechanism for resetting the differential tripping device.
  • This reset mechanism is adapted to be activated by a transfer of energy from the contact carrier, said energy being created when the contacts close and restored when the contacts are opened.
  • the springs associated with the contact carrier compress and store energy.
  • the second kinematics starts, and causes the movement of the contact carrier so as to move the mobile contact away from the fixed contact. During this movement, the springs of the contact carrier relax and return this energy to the reset mechanism to implement the reset of the differential tripping device.
  • said differential tripping device comprises a tripping pusher movable between a retracted position when the differential tripping device is armed, and an extended position when the differential tripping device has just tripped, said reset mechanism being activated. when the pusher takes the extended position and allowing the pusher to move from the extended position to the retracted position.
  • the reset mechanism engages via the exit of the pusher, and generates a succession of driving movements which ultimately cause the retraction of the pusher.
  • the contact holder 8 which consists of an assembly carrying movable contacts 8a.
  • These movable contacts 8a are moved at a distance or against fixed contacts 8b, also four in number, against contact springs 8c having a tendency to move the movable contacts 8a away from the fixed contacts 8b.
  • the contact carrier 8 moves against at least one contact carrier spring 8d which then compresses.
  • the contact carrier 8 is connected to a handle 9 for controlling the contacts via a first connecting rod 7 and a second connecting rod 6.
  • the handle 9 is movable in rotation between an ON position where the contacts are closed, and an OFF position where the contacts are open.
  • These connecting rods 6, 7 make it possible to transmit the rotational movement of the handle 9 to the contact holder 8 so that it opens or closes the contacts.
  • the first link 7 is in a pivot connection at its first end 7a with the contact carrier 8, and in a pivot connection at its second end 7b with a first end 6a of the second link 6, the latter being in a pivot connection at its second end 6b with the handle 9.
  • the handle 9 has a protuberance 9b inside which there is a housing accommodating the second pivoting end 6b of the second connecting rod 6. This housing is offset with respect to the axis 9a of rotation (better visible in figure 2 ) of joystick 9.
  • a differential tripping device 1 corresponding to a differential relay 1.
  • This relay 1 conventionally consists of a magnetic circuit, with a fixed armature generally U-shaped, and a movable paddle attracted magnetically by the armature and able to come into contact with the ends of the two branches of the U. These ends are commonly called polar surfaces.
  • the pallet can either be mobile in rotation or mobile in translation. It is associated with a push-button which translates between a retracted position, in this case the paddle is in contact with the pole surfaces and relay 1 is armed, and an extended position, in this case the paddle is at a distance from the pole surfaces and the relay 1 is triggered.
  • This spring element 11 consists in this example of a helical spring 11, but could quite correspond to a flexible leaf or to any other form of spring 11. It comprises a first free end 11a able to be driven by the second arm 4c of the spring. trigger 4, and a second free end 11b able to come to bear on the second face 2b of the rocker 2 in order to make it pivot to retract the pusher. It is the action of the trigger 4 on the first free end 11a of the spring 11 which makes it possible to pivot the spring 11 and in particular to cause the second free end 11b of the spring 11 to pivot in order to reset the relay 1 by retracting the pusher.
  • the rocker 2, the pawl 3, the trigger 4, and the spring 11 form the reset mechanism of relay 1.
  • the device handle 9 is in the ON position, that is to say directed to the left in the figure, and the contacts are closed.
  • Relay 1 is armed, and the push-button is in the retracted position.
  • the rocker 2 is pressed against the pusher of the relay 1 and held in place with a certain play by the tab 3b of the pawl 3.
  • the projection 3c of the pawl 3 blocks the first arm 4b of the trigger 4 in the raised position.
  • the second arm 4c of the trigger 4 is at a distance from the first free end 11a of the spring 11 and therefore exerts no action on the spring 11.
  • the push button of relay 1, rocker 2, pawl 3, trip unit 4, and spring 11 hardly move during manual opening and closing of the contacts.
  • the trigger 4 is never in contact with the spring 11.
  • the first connecting rod 7 drives the contact carrier 8 in clockwise rotation, causing the moving contacts 8a to move away from the fixed contacts 8b: the contacts are then open.
  • the operator actuates the lever 9 to reset the device by moving it to the left, the protuberance 9b accommodating the second end 6b of the second connecting rod 6 rotates counterclockwise around the axis of rotation 9a lever 9, driving the second connecting rod 6 downwards, as shown in figure 5 .
  • the second link 6 in turn drives down the second end 7b of the first link 7 and the first end 5a of the third link 5.
  • the angle between the first 7 and third connecting rod 5 become more and more obtuse, until the lever 9 reaches the end of its travel on its left, as illustrated in figure 6 , which corresponds to the ON position.
  • the figure 6 and the figure 2 are the same.
  • the first connecting rod 7 drives the contact holder 8 in anti-clockwise rotation, causing the movable contacts 8a to move closer to the fixed contacts 8b, until they close.
  • the device is in the same configuration as figures 2 and 6 , that is to say with handle 9 in the ON position, and the contacts closed.
  • the pusher pushes on the first face 2a of the rocker 2 so as to rotate it clockwise, as illustrated in figure 8 .
  • the free end of the tab 3b of the pawl 3 slides on a second face 2b of the lever 2, opposite to the first face 2a.
  • the second face 2b of the rocker 2 and the free end of the pawl 3 have corresponding shapes, allowing them to slide one over the other, the clockwise pivoting of the rocker 2 causing the counterclockwise pivoting of the pawl 3, like two cogwheels.
  • the projection 3c of the pawl 3 also has a counterclockwise rotation movement, and thus frees the first arm 4b of the trigger 4 which then drops downwards by rotating counterclockwise on a first angular sector until opening of contacts.
  • the rotation of the trigger 4 allows its protuberance 4f to pivot and therefore to move the third connecting rod 5 which pulls the contact carrier 8 to open the contacts.
  • the second arm 4c of the trigger 4 bears on the first free end 11a of the reset spring 11, and exerts sufficient force to rotate the spring 11 in the direction counterclockwise, as shown in figure 9 .
  • the second free end 11b of the spring 11 bears against the second face 2b of the rocker 2, and exerts a force sufficient to make the rocker 2 turn counterclockwise against the pusher and the spring 11 of the movable pallet, until the latter is again in contact with the polar surfaces.
  • the push-button is therefore again in the retracted position, and relay 1 is reset.
  • the force exerted by the trigger 4 on the resetting spring 11 comes from the energy stored by the contact carrier during the closing of the contacts, by the compression of the contact springs 8c and of the contact carrier spring 8d. Before the opening of the contacts, this energy is contained thanks to the lever 9 which is in abutment in its ON position, and thanks to the trip unit 4 which is in abutment against the pawl 3. When the contacts are opened, the contact springs 8c and the contact carrier spring 8d relax and restore this energy to the trigger via the first link 7 and the third link 5.
  • the third connecting rod 5 first pulls the contact holder to open the contacts then transfers the energy to the trigger 4 so that it continues its rotation in anticlockwise. This energy is sufficient to reset relay 1 as explained previously.
  • the resetting spring 11 is calibrated in order to be able to carry out a suitable resetting of the relay 1.
  • the first connecting rod 7 then starts to rotate counterclockwise under the effect of a lever spring (not shown) so as to pull the first end 5a of the third connecting rod 5 towards the high.
  • the angle between the first connecting rod 7 and the third connecting rod 5 decreases, to become an acute angle.
  • the first end 6a of the second connecting rod 6 is necessarily pulled upwards, causing the pivoting of the lever 9 via the second end 6b of the second connecting rod 6 to compensate for this variation in height.
  • the lever 9 is thus progressively directed to the right until it comes to a stop (OFF position) as shown in figure 11 .
  • the trigger 4 pivots clockwise under the effect of the lever 9 returning to the OFF position via its lever spring, until it returns to the initial position, that is to say to the position in which it was located before the triggering of the relay 1.
  • the pawl 3 also returns to the initial position, and its projection 3c is repositioned in abutment on the first arm 4b of the trigger 4 in order to retain it until the next differential triggering.
  • the tab 3b of the pawl 3 is repositioned in front of the second face 2b of the lever 2.
  • the relay 1 reset mechanism is again in place and operational for the next differential trip.
  • the control handle 9 is in the OFF position and the contacts are open, pending a manual reset of the device (see figures 4 to 6 ).

Landscapes

  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Mechanisms For Operating Contacts (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
  • Rotary Switch, Piano Key Switch, And Lever Switch (AREA)

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention concerne un interrupteur différentiel (RCCB). Ce type d'appareil est conçu notamment pour couper de faibles niveaux de courant de court-circuit, et pour déclencher en cas de défaut différentiel.The invention relates to a differential switch (RCCB). This type of device is designed in particular to cut low levels of short-circuit current, and to trip in the event of a differential fault.

L'interrupteur différentiel selon l'invention, comporte de façon classique :

  • un porte-contact rotatif, au moins un contact fixe, au moins un contact mobile fixé au porte-contact rotatif, une manette de commande du au moins un contact mobile ;
  • une serrure mécanique apte à basculer en entraînant l'ouverture/fermeture des contacts suite à une action manuelle sur la manette ;
  • un dispositif de coupure commandé par la manette de commande entraînant ledit contact mobile à distance ou vers un contact fixe, ladite manette étant reliée au porte-contact par l'intermédiaire de la serrure mécanique ;
  • un dispositif de déclenchement différentiel, du type relais différentiel, apte à faire basculer la serrure mécanique pour ouvrir les contacts en cas d'apparition d'un défaut différentiel sur la ligne, et apte à être réarmé après le déclenchement par la serrure.
The differential switch according to the invention conventionally comprises:
  • a rotary contact holder, at least one fixed contact, at least one movable contact fixed to the rotary contact holder, a handle for controlling the at least one movable contact;
  • a mechanical lock capable of tilting by causing the opening / closing of the contacts following manual action on the handle;
  • a cut-off device controlled by the control handle driving said movable contact remotely or towards a fixed contact, said handle being connected to the contact carrier via the mechanical lock;
  • a differential tripping device, of the differential relay type, able to tilt the mechanical lock to open the contacts in the event of a differential fault on the line, and able to be reset after tripping by the lock.

Il existe un mécanisme précis et sensible logé à l'intérieur du relais différentiel. Il s'agit généralement d'un circuit magnétique composé d'une palette mobile entraînée à distance ou contre des surfaces polaires d'une armature fixe. Ces surfaces polaires sont rectifiées afin d'obtenir une haute précision dans le fonctionnement du relais. Dans le cas d'un relais différentiel, lorsque la palette est positionnée sur l'armature, il est dit fermé ou armé, et lorsque la palette est à distance de l'armature, il est dit ouvert ou déclenché.There is a precise and sensitive mechanism housed inside the differential relay. It is generally a magnetic circuit composed of a movable pallet driven remotely or against the pole surfaces of a fixed armature. These pole surfaces are ground in order to obtain high precision in the operation of the relay. In the case of a differential relay, when the pallet is positioned on the armature, it is said to be closed or armed, and when the pallet is at a distance from the armature, it is said to be open or tripped.

Les surfaces polaires sont très sollicitées dans l'appareil électrique. Elles sont notamment sollicitées à chaque réarmement du relais, qui a lieu après un déclenchement différentiel, et qui a également lieu lors de chaque manipulation de la manette pour ouvrir les contacts. Dans ce dernier cas, puisqu'il s'agit d'une manipulation manuelle sans qu'un déclenchement différentiel n'ait eu lieu précédemment, le relais est déjà armé, et la serrure vient « forcer » le réarmement du relais provoquant des vibrations et des frottements de la palette mobile sur les surfaces polaires, et engendrant une usure prématurée des surfaces polaires.Polar surfaces are very stressed in the electrical device. They are in particular requested each time the relay is reset, which takes place after a differential tripping, and which also takes place during each manipulation of the handle to open the contacts. In the latter case, since it is a manual manipulation without a differential tripping has not taken place previously, the relay is already armed, and the lock “forces” the re-arming of the relay causing vibrations and friction of the movable pallet on the pole surfaces, and causing premature wear of the pole surfaces.

Cette usure modifie l'entrefer entre la palette mobile et une première des surfaces polaires d'un côté, et entre la palette mobile et une deuxième des surfaces polaires d'un autre côté.This wear changes the air gap between the movable vane and a first of the pole surfaces on one side, and between the movable vane and a second of the pole surfaces on the other side.

Si l'entrefer augmente, on constatera une dérive de la puissance du relais vers le bas car la palette est plus éloignée de la surface polaire qu'elle ne devrait l'être. Cette dérive vers le bas signifie que le relais a alors besoin de moins de puissance pour déclencher, et le relais va même finir par déclencher tout seul sans qu'il existe un défaut différentiel. L'appareil est alors non fonctionnel, et il ne sera plus possible de réarmer la serrure.If the air gap increases, the power of the relay will drift downwards because the paddle is further from the polar surface than it should be. This downward drift means that the relay then needs less power to trip, and the relay will even end up tripping on its own without there being a differential fault. The device is then non-functional, and it will no longer be possible to reset the lock.

Si l'entrefer diminue, on constatera une dérive de la puissance du relais vers le haut car la palette est plus proche de la surface polaire qu'elle ne devrait l'être. Cette dérive vers le haut signifie que le relais a alors besoin de plus de puissance pour déclencher, et le relais va même finir par ne plus se déclencher car la puissance nécessaire est trop importante. L'appareil est alors dangereux car il ne peut plus protéger les gens contre les défauts différentiels.If the air gap decreases, there will be an upward shift in the power of the relay because the paddle is closer to the polar surface than it should be. This upward drift means that the relay then needs more power to trigger, and the relay will even end up no longer triggering because the power required is too great. The device is then dangerous because it can no longer protect people against differential faults.

De plus, les frottements de la palette mobile sur les surfaces polaires créent de la pollution qui vient couvrir les surfaces polaires, et le relais aura alors tendance à déclencher intempestivement.In addition, the friction of the movable pallet on the polar surfaces creates pollution which covers the polar surfaces, and the relay will then tend to trip inadvertently.

Lorsqu'un appareil est mis en vente, il a déjà subi quelques cycles d'endurance avec des ouvertures et des fermetures des contacts via des actions manuelles sur la manette. L'appareil considéré comme neuf comporte alors un relais déjà usé par ces cycles d'endurance. A long terme, la fin de vie de l'appareil est dictée par la fin de vie du relais qui constitue le composant le plus fragile, alors que l'appareil en lui-même, hors relais, pourrait encore fonctionner des années.When a device goes on sale, it has already undergone a few endurance cycles with opening and closing of the contacts via manual actions on the controller. The device considered as new then includes a relay already worn by these endurance cycles. In the long term, the end of life of the device is dictated by the end of life of the relay which constitutes the most fragile component, while the device itself, excluding relays, could still operate for years.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

La solution mise en œuvre actuellement consiste à déclarer un nombre de cycle limité pour l'appareil. L'utilisateur saura qu'au-delà de ce nombre de cycles, l'appareil pourra être défaillant. Cette solution ne résout pas le problème technique mentionné ci-dessus, et n'est pas satisfaisant.The currently implemented solution consists of declaring a limited number of cycles for the device. The user will know that beyond this number of cycles, the device may be faulty. This solution does not solve the technical problem mentioned above, and is not satisfactory.

Le document US 3,350,525 décrit un disjoncteur pour la détection de surcharges comprenant une pluralité de contacts mobiles capables d'être écartés de contacts fixes, afin d'ouvrir un circuit électrique à protéger. Ce disjoncteur comprend des moyens thermoélectriques pour détecter les surcharges.The document US 3,350,525 describes a circuit breaker for the detection of overloads comprising a plurality of movable contacts capable of being separated from fixed contacts, in order to open an electrical circuit to be protected. This circuit breaker comprises thermoelectric means for detecting overloads.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

La présente invention a pour objectif de remédier aux inconvénients précités, en proposant un interrupteur différentiel comprenant un dispositif de déclenchement différentiel qui permette une protection efficace contre les défauts différentiels, et qui ne constitue pas un point de faiblesse pour la durée de vie générale de l'appareil.The object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks, by proposing a differential switch comprising a differential tripping device which allows effective protection against differential faults, and which does not constitute a point of weakness for the general life of the device. 'apparatus.

L'invention concerne ainsi un interrupteur différentiel, comprenant :

  • un porte-contact rotatif, au moins un contact fixe, au moins un contact mobile fixé au porte-contact rotatif, une manette de commande du au moins un contact mobile ;
  • une serrure mécanique apte à basculer en entraînant l'ouverture/fermeture des contacts suite à une action manuelle sur la manette ;
  • un dispositif de coupure commandé par la manette de commande entraînant ledit contact mobile à distance ou vers un contact fixe, ladite manette étant reliée au porte-contact par l'intermédiaire de la serrure mécanique ;
  • un dispositif de déclenchement différentiel, du type relais différentiel, apte à faire basculer la serrure mécanique pour ouvrir les contacts en cas d'apparition d'un défaut différentiel sur la ligne, et apte à être réarmé après le déclenchement par la serrure ;
The invention thus relates to a differential switch, comprising:
  • a rotary contact holder, at least one fixed contact, at least one movable contact fixed to the rotary contact holder, a handle for controlling the at least one movable contact;
  • a mechanical lock capable of tilting by causing the opening / closing of the contacts following manual action on the handle;
  • a cut-off device controlled by the control handle driving said movable contact remotely or towards a fixed contact, said handle being connected to the contact carrier via the mechanical lock;
  • a differential tripping device, of the differential relay type, capable of tilting the mechanical lock to open the contacts in the event of a differential fault on the line, and capable of being reset after tripping by the lock;

Cet appareil se caractérise à titre principal en ce qu'il comporte une première cinématique pour l'ouverture des contacts suite à une action manuelle sur la manette et une deuxième cinématique pour l'ouverture des contacts suite à un déclenchement différentiel, lesdites deux cinématiques étant décorrélées l'une de l'autre de manière à réarmer le dispositif de déclenchement différentiel uniquement lors de la mise en œuvre de la deuxième cinématique.This device is characterized mainly in that it comprises a first kinematics for the opening of the contacts following a manual action on the lever and a second kinematics for the opening of the contacts following a differential tripping, said two kinematics being decorrelated from one another so as to reset the differential tripping device only when the second kinematics are implemented.

Au sens de la présente invention, le terme cinématique doit être compris ou doit s'entendre comme étant un système mécanique réalisant une chaîne cinématique ou de mouvement ou comme étant un système cinématique ou un mécanisme cinématique.For the purposes of the present invention, the term kinematics should be understood or should be understood as being a mechanical system producing a kinematic or movement chain or as being a kinematic system or a kinematic mechanism.

L'idée à la base de l'invention consiste à réduire les sollicitations du dispositif de déclenchement différentiel par la serrure, plutôt que de demander aux utilisateurs de décompter le nombre de cycles.The idea at the basis of the invention consists in reducing the stresses on the differential tripping device by the lock, rather than asking the users to count the number of cycles.

Il s'agit donc d'une approche totalement différente par rapport à ce qui se pratique actuellement dans les interrupteurs différentiels.This is therefore a completely different approach compared to what is currently practiced in differential switches.

En effet, lorsque la manette passe de sa position ON (contacts fermés) à sa position OFF (contacts ouverts) suite à une action manuelle, aucun réarmement ne doit être opéré sur le dispositif de déclenchement différentiel, puisqu'il est par définition déjà armé.Indeed, when the handle goes from its ON position (contacts closed) to its OFF position (contacts open) following a manual action, no reset must be carried out on the differential trip device, since it is by definition already armed. .

Dans la présente invention, un réarmement est opéré après, et seulement après, un déclenchement différentiel. Dans aucun autre cas le dispositif de déclenchement différentiel n'est sollicité.In the present invention, a reset is carried out after, and only after, a differential trip. In no other case is the differential tripping device requested.

Ce nouveau fonctionnement de l'appareil permet de réduire drastiquement les occurrences de sollicitations du dispositif de déclenchement différentiel. D'ailleurs, les défauts différentiels étant plutôt rares dans la durée de vie d'un appareil, le dispositif de déclenchement différentiel ne s'use alors que très peu, et ne constitue donc plus un maillon faible de l'appareil. Dès lors il ne contribue plus à l'obsolescence de l'appareil, la durée de vie de ce dernier étant nettement rallongée.This new operation of the device makes it possible to drastically reduce the occurrences of stresses on the differential tripping device. Moreover, differential faults being rather rare in the lifetime of a device, the differential tripping device then wears very little, and therefore no longer constitutes a weak link in the device. Therefore it no longer contributes to the obsolescence of the device, the lifespan of the latter being significantly extended.

Avantageusement, ce nouveau fonctionnement de l'appareil utilise les pièces classiques d'une serrure, mais avec quelques adaptations et modifications de pièces permettant d'obtenir deux cinématiques différentes de la serrure en fonction du type de déclenchement. La première cinématique est mise en œuvre pour un déclenchement manuel de l'appareil suite à une action manuelle effectuée directement sur la manette, tandis que la deuxième cinématique est mise en œuvre pour un déclenchement différentiel automatique suite à l'apparition d'un défaut différentiel sur une ligne. Les mêmes pièces sont utilisées dans les deux cinématiques, mais ont des mouvements différents selon le type de déclenchement. Et en particulier, seule la deuxième cinématique permet de réarmer le dispositif de déclenchement différentiel. La première cinématique n'agit pas sur le dispositif de déclenchement différentiel.Advantageously, this new operation of the device uses the conventional parts of a lock, but with some adaptations and modifications of parts making it possible to obtain two different kinematics of the lock depending on the type of release. The first kinematics is implemented for manual triggering of the device following a manual action performed directly on the lever, while the second kinematics is implemented for automatic differential tripping following the appearance of a differential fault. on a line. The same parts are used in both cutscenes, but have different movements depending on the trigger type. And in particular, only the second kinematics makes it possible to reset the differential tripping device. The first kinematics does not act on the differential tripping device.

Ainsi, seule la deuxième cinématique comporte un mécanisme de réarmement du dispositif de déclenchement différentiel.Thus, only the second kinematics includes a mechanism for resetting the differential tripping device.

Ce mécanisme de réarmement est adapté pour être activé par un transfert d'énergie en provenance du porte-contact, ladite énergie étant créée lors de la fermeture des contacts et restituée lors de l'ouverture des contacts. En effet, lors de la fermeture des contacts, des ressorts associés au porte-contact se compriment et emmagasinent de l'énergie. Lors d'un déclenchement différentiel, la deuxième cinématique se met en route, et entraîne le déplacement du porte-contact de manière à éloigner le contact mobile du contact fixe. Lors de ce déplacement, les ressorts du porte-contact se détendent et restituent cette énergie au mécanisme de réarmement pour mettre en œuvre le réarmement du dispositif de déclenchement différentiel.This reset mechanism is adapted to be activated by a transfer of energy from the contact carrier, said energy being created when the contacts close and restored when the contacts are opened. In fact, when the contacts are closed, the springs associated with the contact carrier compress and store energy. During a differential tripping, the second kinematics starts, and causes the movement of the contact carrier so as to move the mobile contact away from the fixed contact. During this movement, the springs of the contact carrier relax and return this energy to the reset mechanism to implement the reset of the differential tripping device.

De façon plus précise, ledit dispositif de déclenchement différentiel comporte un poussoir de déclenchement mobile entre une position rentrée lorsque le dispositif de déclenchement différentiel est armé, et une position sortie lorsque le dispositif de déclenchement différentiel vient de se déclencher, ledit mécanisme de réarmement étant sollicité lorsque le poussoir prend la position sortie et permettant au poussoir de passer de la position sortie à la position rentrée.More precisely, said differential tripping device comprises a tripping pusher movable between a retracted position when the differential tripping device is armed, and an extended position when the differential tripping device has just tripped, said reset mechanism being activated. when the pusher takes the extended position and allowing the pusher to move from the extended position to the retracted position.

Ainsi, le mécanisme de réarmement s'enclenche par la sortie du poussoir, et engendre une succession de mouvements d'entrainement qui provoquent au final la rentrée du poussoir.Thus, the reset mechanism engages via the exit of the pusher, and generates a succession of driving movements which ultimately cause the retraction of the pusher.

Selon différents aspects de l'invention, qui pourront être pris ensemble ou séparément :

  • ledit mécanisme de réarmement comporte :
    • o une bascule apte à tourner dans un premier sens de rotation suite à la sortie du poussoir ;
    • o un moyen mécanique d'inversion du sens de rotation de la bascule de manière à ce qu'elle fasse rentrer le poussoir.
  • ledit moyen mécanique d'inversion du sens de rotation de la bascule comporte :
    • o un cliquet rotatif entraîné par la bascule lors de son pivotement dans le premier sens de rotation ;
    • o un déclencheur rotatif entraîné par le cliquet ;
    • o au moins une bielle ;
    • o un élément ressort entraîné par le déclencheur et venant en appui sur la bascule.
  • suite à un déclenchement différentiel, le déclencheur pivote et exerce une force sur l'élément ressort de manière à faire pivoter la bascule dans un second sens de rotation pour faire rentrer le poussoir.
  • ladite force exercée sur l'élément ressort provient de l'énergie du porte-contact transmise au déclencheur via la au moins une bielle.
  • ledit pivotement du déclencheur entraîne l'ouverture des contacts via ladite bielle et le porte-contact.
  • ledit déclencheur comporte un premier bras apte à coopérer avec le cliquet et un second bras apte à coopérer avec l'élément ressort.
  • l'élément ressort comporte une première extrémité libre apte à être entraînée par le second bras du déclencheur et une seconde extrémité libre apte à venir en appui sur la bascule pour faire rentrer le poussoir.
  • le cliquet comporte une patte apte à coopérer avec la bascule et une saillie apte à retenir le premier bras du déclencheur en fonctionnement normal de l'appareil et apte à libérer le premier bras du déclencheur lors d'un déclenchement différentiel entraînant la libération de l'énergie en provenance du porte-contact pour faire pivoter le déclencheur.
  • dans sa rotation lors d'un déclenchement différentiel, ledit déclencheur, sur un premier secteur angulaire, entraîne en mouvement le porte-contact via au moins une bielle pour ouvrir les contacts, et, sur un second secteur angulaire consécutif au premier secteur angulaire, est entraîné par l'énergie du porte-contact via la bielle pour exercer une force sur l'élément ressort pour réarmer le dispositif de déclenchement différentiel.
  • le déclencheur a un mouvement de rotation sur le premier secteur angulaire lorsque le poussoir passe de sa position rentrée à sa position sortie.
  • le déclencheur a un mouvement de rotation sur le second secteur angulaire lorsque le poussoir passe de sa position sortie à sa position rentrée.
  • l'appareil comporte un jeu de bielles entre la manette, le porte-contact, et le mécanisme de réarmement.
  • la manette change de position lors d'un déclenchement différentiel sous l'action d'un ressort de manette activé suite au déplacement du porte-contact.
According to different aspects of the invention, which can be taken together or separately:
  • said rearming mechanism comprises:
    • o a latch capable of rotating in a first direction of rotation following the exit of the pusher;
    • o a mechanical means of reversing the direction of rotation of the rocker so that it makes the pusher retract.
  • said mechanical means for reversing the direction of rotation of the rocker comprises:
    • a rotary pawl driven by the rocker during its pivoting in the first direction of rotation;
    • o a rotary trigger driven by the pawl;
    • o at least one connecting rod;
    • a spring element driven by the trigger and resting on the rocker.
  • following a differential triggering, the trigger pivots and exerts a force on the spring element so as to cause the lever to pivot in a second direction of rotation to retract the pusher.
  • said force exerted on the spring element comes from the energy of the contact carrier transmitted to the trigger via the at least one connecting rod.
  • said pivoting of the trigger causes the contacts to open via said connecting rod and the contact carrier.
  • said trigger comprises a first arm capable of cooperating with the pawl and a second arm capable of cooperating with the spring element.
  • the spring element has a first free end suitable for being driven by the second arm of the trigger and a second free end suitable for resting on the rocker in order to retract the pusher.
  • the pawl comprises a tab capable of cooperating with the lever and a projection capable of retaining the first arm of the trigger in normal operation of the device and capable of releasing the first arm of the trigger during a differential tripping causing the release of the energy from the contact carrier to rotate the trigger.
  • in its rotation during a differential triggering, said trigger, on a first angular sector, drives the contact carrier in motion via at least one connecting rod to open the contacts, and, over a second angular sector consecutive to the first angular sector, is driven by the energy of the contact carrier via the connecting rod to exert a force on the spring element to reset the differential trip device.
  • the trigger has a rotational movement on the first angular sector when the pusher passes from its retracted position to its extended position.
  • the trigger has a rotational movement on the second angular sector when the pusher passes from its extended position to its retracted position.
  • the device comprises a set of connecting rods between the handle, the contact carrier, and the reset mechanism.
  • the handle changes position during a differential trip under the action of a handle spring activated following the movement of the contact carrier.

Présentation des figuresPresentation of figures

L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description explicative détaillée qui va suivre, d'au moins un mode de réalisation de l'invention donné à titre d'exemple purement illustratif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés.The invention will be better understood, and other aims, details, characteristics and advantages thereof will emerge more clearly in the course of the detailed explanatory description which follows, of at least one embodiment of the invention given to by way of purely illustrative and non-limiting example, with reference to the appended schematic drawings.

Sur ces dessins :

  • la figure 1 est une vue éclatée en perspective des pièces participant aux deux cinématiques de la serrure de l'appareil selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 2 à 12 montrent en perspective un appareil selon l'invention avec la serrure dans différentes positions. L'appareil est illustré sans son boîtier de protection afin de laisser apparaître les différentes pièces participant aux deux cinématiques de la serrure. Les figures 2 à 4 montrent les étapes d'un désarmement manuel de l'appareil, les figures 4 à 6 montrent les étapes d'un armement manuel de l'appareil, et les figures 7 à 12 montrent les étapes d'un déclenchement différentiel de l'appareil avec un réarmement de son dispositif de déclenchement différentiel.
On these drawings:
  • the figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of the parts participating in the two kinematics of the lock of the device according to the invention;
  • the figures 2 to 12 show in perspective an apparatus according to the invention with the lock in different positions. The device is illustrated without its protective case in order to reveal the different parts participating in the two kinematics of the lock. The figures 2 to 4 show the steps for manually disarming the device, figures 4 to 6 show the steps for manually arming the device, and figures 7 to 12 show the stages of a differential tripping of the device with a reset of its differential tripping device.

Description détailléedetailed description

En référence à la figure 1, sont représentées les différentes pièces qui participent aux deux cinématiques de la serrure de l'appareil selon l'invention.With reference to the figure 1 , are shown the different parts which participate in the two kinematics of the lock of the device according to the invention.

Au premier plan est visible le porte-contact 8 qui consiste en un ensemble portant des contacts mobiles 8a. Dans cet exemple, il y a quatre contacts mobiles 8a, l'appareil électrique étant tétrapolaire. Ces contacts mobiles 8a sont emmenés à distance ou contre des contacts fixes 8b, également au nombre de quatre, à l'encontre de ressorts de contact 8c ayant tendance à éloigner les contacts mobiles 8a des contacts fixes 8b. Lors de la fermeture des contacts, le porte-contact 8 se déplace à l'encontre d'au moins un ressort de porte-contact 8d qui se comprime alors. Lors de l'ouverture des contacts, ce ressort de porte-contact 8d ainsi que les ressorts de contact se détendent.In the foreground is visible the contact holder 8 which consists of an assembly carrying movable contacts 8a. In this example, there are four movable contacts 8a, the electrical apparatus being four-pole. These movable contacts 8a are moved at a distance or against fixed contacts 8b, also four in number, against contact springs 8c having a tendency to move the movable contacts 8a away from the fixed contacts 8b. When closing the contacts, the contact carrier 8 moves against at least one contact carrier spring 8d which then compresses. When opening the contacts, this contact carrier spring 8d as well as the contact springs relax.

Le porte-contact 8 est relié à une manette 9 de commande des contacts via une première bielle 7 et une seconde bielle 6. La manette 9 est mobile en rotation entre une position ON où les contacts sont fermés, et une position OFF où les contacts sont ouverts. Ces bielles 6,7 permettent de transmettre le mouvement de rotation de la manette 9 vers le porte-contact 8 afin qu'il ouvre ou ferme les contacts. La première bielle 7 est en liaison pivot au niveau de sa première extrémité 7a avec le porte-contact 8, et en liaison pivot au niveau de sa seconde extrémité 7b avec une première extrémité 6a de la seconde bielle 6, cette dernière étant en liaison pivot au niveau de sa seconde extrémité 6b avec la manette 9. Plus précisément, la manette 9 présente une excroissance 9b à l'intérieur de laquelle se trouve un logement accueillant la seconde extrémité 6b pivotante de la seconde bielle 6. Ce logement est désaxé par rapport à l'axe 9a de rotation (mieux visible en figure 2) de la manette 9.The contact carrier 8 is connected to a handle 9 for controlling the contacts via a first connecting rod 7 and a second connecting rod 6. The handle 9 is movable in rotation between an ON position where the contacts are closed, and an OFF position where the contacts are open. These connecting rods 6, 7 make it possible to transmit the rotational movement of the handle 9 to the contact holder 8 so that it opens or closes the contacts. The first link 7 is in a pivot connection at its first end 7a with the contact carrier 8, and in a pivot connection at its second end 7b with a first end 6a of the second link 6, the latter being in a pivot connection at its second end 6b with the handle 9. More precisely, the handle 9 has a protuberance 9b inside which there is a housing accommodating the second pivoting end 6b of the second connecting rod 6. This housing is offset with respect to the axis 9a of rotation (better visible in figure 2 ) of joystick 9.

En arrière-plan est visible un dispositif de déclenchement différentiel 1 correspondant à un relais 1 différentiel. Ce relais 1 consiste classiquement en un circuit magnétique, avec une armature fixe généralement en forme de U, et une palette mobile attirée magnétiquement par l'armature et apte à venir au contact des extrémités des deux branches du U. Ces extrémités sont couramment appelées des surfaces polaires. La palette peut être soit mobile en rotation, soit mobile en translation. Elle est associée à un poussoir qui translate entre une position rentrée, dans ce cas la palette est au contact des surfaces polaires et le relais 1 est armé, et une position sortie, dans ce cas la palette est à distance des surfaces polaires et le relais 1 est déclenché.In the background is visible a differential tripping device 1 corresponding to a differential relay 1. This relay 1 conventionally consists of a magnetic circuit, with a fixed armature generally U-shaped, and a movable paddle attracted magnetically by the armature and able to come into contact with the ends of the two branches of the U. These ends are commonly called polar surfaces. The pallet can either be mobile in rotation or mobile in translation. It is associated with a push-button which translates between a retracted position, in this case the paddle is in contact with the pole surfaces and relay 1 is armed, and an extended position, in this case the paddle is at a distance from the pole surfaces and the relay 1 is triggered.

Ce relais 1 est lié au porte-contact 8 via la chaîne cinématique suivante :

  • une bascule 2 pivotante montée au voisinage du relais 1, et contre laquelle vient s'appuyer le poussoir (non visible) du relais 1 lorsqu'il sort, c'est-à-dire lorsqu'il passe de sa position rentrée à sa position sortie ;
  • un cliquet 3 mobile en rotation autour d'un arbre 3d saillant d'une paroi 10 fixe de l'appareil, et comportant :
    • ∘ un noyau 3a central creux dans lequel est introduit ledit arbre 3d
    • ∘ une patte 3b s'étendant depuis le noyau 3a central, présentant une forme en L et dont l'extrémité libre vient se positionner en vis-à-vis de la bascule 2 ; le poussoir du relais 1 agissant sur une première face 2a de la bascule 2, et la patte 3b du cliquet 3 agissant sur une seconde face 2b de la bascule 2, opposée à la première face 2a
    • ∘ une saillie 3c s'étendant depuis le noyau 3a central, et remplissant la fonction de butée pour retenir la pièce suivante de la chaîne cinématique, c'est-à-dire le déclencheur 4 ;
  • un déclencheur 4 mobile en rotation autour d'un arbre 4d saillant de ladite paroi 10 fixe de l'appareil, et comportant :
    • ∘ un noyau 4a central creux dans lequel est introduit ledit arbre 4d
    • ∘ un premier bras 4b s'étendant depuis le noyau 4a central et coopérant avec ladite saillie 3c du cliquet 3
    • ∘ un second bras 4c s'étendant depuis le noyau 4a central et coopérant avec un élément ressort 11
    • ∘ une protubérance 4f (mieux visible en figure 10) s'étendant depuis le noyau 4a central et présentant un trou traversant dans lequel est logé un axe 4e de pivotement
  • une troisième bielle 5 en liaison pivot au niveau de sa première extrémité 5a avec la seconde extrémité 7b de la première bielle 7 reliée au porte-contact 8, et en liaison pivot au niveau de sa seconde extrémité 5b avec l'axe 4e du déclencheur 4.
This relay 1 is linked to contact carrier 8 via the following kinematic chain:
  • a pivoting rocker 2 mounted in the vicinity of relay 1, and against which the push-button (not visible) of relay 1 rests when it exits, that is to say when it goes from its retracted position to its position exit ;
  • a pawl 3 movable in rotation around a shaft 3d projecting from a fixed wall 10 of the device, and comprising:
    • ∘ a hollow central core 3a into which said shaft 3d is introduced
    • ∘ a tab 3b extending from the central core 3a, having an L-shape and the free end of which is positioned vis-à-vis the lever 2; the push button of the relay 1 acting on a first face 2a of the latch 2, and the tab 3b of the pawl 3 acting on a second face 2b of the latch 2, opposite the first face 2a
    • ∘ a projection 3c extending from the central core 3a, and fulfilling the function of stopper to retain the next part of the kinematic chain, that is to say the trigger 4;
  • a trigger 4 movable in rotation around a shaft 4d projecting from said fixed wall 10 of the device, and comprising:
    • ∘ a hollow central core 4a into which said shaft 4d is introduced
    • ∘ a first arm 4b extending from the central core 4a and cooperating with said projection 3c of the pawl 3
    • ∘ a second arm 4c extending from the central core 4a and cooperating with a spring element 11
    • ∘ a 4f protuberance (better visible in figure 10 ) extending from the central core 4a and having a through-hole in which is housed a pivot axis 4e
  • a third connecting rod 5 in pivot connection at its first end 5a with the second end 7b of the first connecting rod 7 connected to the contact holder 8, and in pivot connection at its second end 5b with the 4th axis of the trigger 4 .

Ainsi, lorsque le poussoir du relais 1 passe de sa position rentrée à sa position sortie, interviennent successivement la bascule 2, le cliquet 3, le déclencheur 4 et la troisième bielle 5 pour transmettre l'information du déclenchement différentiel au porte-contact 8 et ainsi ouvrir les contacts.Thus, when the push-button of relay 1 passes from its retracted position to its extended position, the latch 2, the pawl 3, the trigger 4 and the third connecting rod 5 successively intervene to transmit the differential tripping information to the contact carrier 8 and thus open contacts.

Pour le réarmement du relais 1, une pièce supplémentaire est nécessaire. Il s'agit de l'élément ressort 11 mentionné précédemment. Cet élément ressort 11 consiste dans cet exemple en un ressort 11 hélicoïdal, mais pourrait tout à fait correspondre à une lame flexible ou à toute autre forme de ressort 11. Il comporte une première extrémité libre 11a apte à être entraînée par le second bras 4c du déclencheur 4, et une seconde extrémité libre 11b apte à venir en appui sur la seconde face 2b de la bascule 2 afin de la faire pivoter pour rentrer le poussoir. C'est l'action du déclencheur 4 sur la première extrémité libre 11a du ressort 11 qui permet de faire pivoter le ressort 11 et en particulier de faire pivoter la seconde extrémité libre 11b du ressort 11 pour réarmer le relais 1 en rentrant le poussoir.To reset relay 1, an additional part is required. This is the spring element 11 mentioned above. This spring element 11 consists in this example of a helical spring 11, but could quite correspond to a flexible leaf or to any other form of spring 11. It comprises a first free end 11a able to be driven by the second arm 4c of the spring. trigger 4, and a second free end 11b able to come to bear on the second face 2b of the rocker 2 in order to make it pivot to retract the pusher. It is the action of the trigger 4 on the first free end 11a of the spring 11 which makes it possible to pivot the spring 11 and in particular to cause the second free end 11b of the spring 11 to pivot in order to reset the relay 1 by retracting the pusher.

La bascule 2, le cliquet 3, le déclencheur 4, et le ressort 11 forment le mécanisme de réarmement du relais 1.The rocker 2, the pawl 3, the trigger 4, and the spring 11 form the reset mechanism of relay 1.

Sur les figures 2 à 6, sera présentée la mise en œuvre d'une première cinématique de la serrure de l'appareil, lors d'une manœuvre classique de la manette 9 de commande, entre sa position ON et sa position OFF, puis à nouveau sa position ON. Cette cinématique correspond donc à un désarmement manuel de l'appareil avec une ouverture des contacts puis à un armement manuel de l'appareil avec une fermeture des contacts pour établir le passage du courant. Dans cette cinématique, le relais 1 et son mécanisme de réarmement ne sont pas sollicités, puisqu'il s'agit uniquement d'actions manuelles effectuées sur l'appareil.On the figures 2 to 6 , will be presented the implementation of a first kinematics of the lock of the device, during a conventional maneuver of the control lever 9, between its ON position and its OFF position, then again its ON position. This kinematics therefore corresponds to a manual disarming of the device with an opening of the contacts then to a manual arming of the device with a closing of the contacts for establish the flow of current. In this kinematics, relay 1 and its reset mechanism are not requested, since these are only manual actions performed on the device.

En figure 2, la manette 9 de l'appareil est en position ON, c'est-à-dire dirigée vers la gauche sur la figure, et les contacts sont fermés.In figure 2 , the device handle 9 is in the ON position, that is to say directed to the left in the figure, and the contacts are closed.

Le relais 1 est armé, et le poussoir est en position rentrée. La bascule 2 est plaquée contre le poussoir du relais 1 et maintenue en place avec un certain jeu par la patte 3b du cliquet 3.Relay 1 is armed, and the push-button is in the retracted position. The rocker 2 is pressed against the pusher of the relay 1 and held in place with a certain play by the tab 3b of the pawl 3.

La saillie 3c du cliquet 3 bloque le premier bras 4b du déclencheur 4 en position relevée. Le second bras 4c du déclencheur 4 est à distance de la première extrémité libre 11a du ressort 11 et n'exerce donc aucune action sur le ressort 11.The projection 3c of the pawl 3 blocks the first arm 4b of the trigger 4 in the raised position. The second arm 4c of the trigger 4 is at a distance from the first free end 11a of the spring 11 and therefore exerts no action on the spring 11.

Le poussoir du relais 1, la bascule 2, le cliquet 3, le déclencheur 4, et le ressort 11 ne bougent quasiment pas pendant l'ouverture et la fermeture manuelle des contacts. Le déclencheur 4 n'est jamais en contact avec le ressort 11.The push button of relay 1, rocker 2, pawl 3, trip unit 4, and spring 11 hardly move during manual opening and closing of the contacts. The trigger 4 is never in contact with the spring 11.

Lorsqu'un opérateur actionne la manette 9 pour désarmer l'appareil, c'est-à-dire la déplace vers la droite, l'excroissance 9b accueillant la seconde extrémité 6b de la seconde bielle 6 pivote en sens horaire autour de l'axe de rotation 9a de la manette 9, entraînant la seconde bielle 6 vers le haut, comme illustré en figure 3. La seconde bielle 6 entraîne à son tour vers le haut la seconde extrémité 7b de la première bielle 7 et la première extrémité 5a de la troisième bielle 5. L'angle entre la première 7 et la troisième bielle 5 devient de plus en plus aigu, jusqu'à ce que la manette 9 arrive en bout de course sur sa droite, comme illustré en figure 4, ce qui correspond à la position OFF.When an operator actuates the lever 9 to disarm the device, that is to say moves it to the right, the protuberance 9b accommodating the second end 6b of the second connecting rod 6 rotates clockwise around the axis of rotation 9a of the lever 9, driving the second connecting rod 6 upwards, as illustrated in figure 3 . The second link 6 in turn drives the second end 7b of the first link 7 and the first end 5a of the third link 5 upwards. The angle between the first 7 and the third link 5 becomes more and more acute, until stalk 9 comes to the end of its travel on its right, as shown in figure 4 , which corresponds to the OFF position.

Lors de ce mouvement, la première bielle 7 entraîne le porte-contact 8 en rotation dans le sens horaire, provoquant un éloignement des contacts mobiles 8a par rapport aux contacts fixes 8b : les contacts sont alors ouverts.During this movement, the first connecting rod 7 drives the contact carrier 8 in clockwise rotation, causing the moving contacts 8a to move away from the fixed contacts 8b: the contacts are then open.

De la même manière, l'opérateur actionne la manette 9 pour réarmer l'appareil en la déplaçant vers la gauche, l'excroissance 9b accueillant la seconde extrémité 6b de la seconde bielle 6 pivote en sens antihoraire autour de l'axe de rotation 9a de la manette 9, entraînant la seconde bielle 6 vers le bas, comme illustré en figure 5. La seconde bielle 6 entraîne à son tour vers le bas la seconde extrémité 7b de la première bielle 7 et la première extrémité 5a de la troisième bielle 5. L'angle entre la première 7 et la troisième bielle 5 devient de plus en plus obtus, jusqu'à ce que la manette 9 arrive en bout de course sur sa gauche, comme illustré en figure 6, ce qui correspond à la position ON. La figure 6 et la figure 2 sont identiques.Likewise, the operator actuates the lever 9 to reset the device by moving it to the left, the protuberance 9b accommodating the second end 6b of the second connecting rod 6 rotates counterclockwise around the axis of rotation 9a lever 9, driving the second connecting rod 6 downwards, as shown in figure 5 . The second link 6 in turn drives down the second end 7b of the first link 7 and the first end 5a of the third link 5. The angle between the first 7 and third connecting rod 5 become more and more obtuse, until the lever 9 reaches the end of its travel on its left, as illustrated in figure 6 , which corresponds to the ON position. The figure 6 and the figure 2 are the same.

Lors de ce mouvement, la première bielle 7 entraîne le porte-contact 8 en rotation dans le sens antihoraire, provoquant un rapprochement des contacts mobiles 8a par rapport aux contacts fixes 8b, jusqu'à ce qu'ils se ferment.During this movement, the first connecting rod 7 drives the contact holder 8 in anti-clockwise rotation, causing the movable contacts 8a to move closer to the fixed contacts 8b, until they close.

Lors de cette ouverture et fermeture des contacts manuellement, la seconde extrémité 5b de la troisième bielle 5 est restée immobile par rapport à l'arbre de rotation 4d du déclencheur 4, et a simplement constitué un point de pivot. Ainsi le déclencheur 4 est également resté immobile. Aucun réarmement forcé du relais 1 n'a eu lieu lors de la mise en œuvre de cette première cinématique.During this opening and closing of the contacts manually, the second end 5b of the third connecting rod 5 remained stationary relative to the rotation shaft 4d of the trigger 4, and simply constituted a pivot point. Thus, the trigger 4 also remained stationary. No forced reset of relay 1 took place during the implementation of this first kinematics.

Sur les figures 7 à 12, sera présentée la mise en œuvre d'une deuxième cinématique de la serrure de l'appareil, lors d'un déclenchement différentiel opéré par le relais 1, amenant à l'ouverture des contacts, suivi d'un réarmement du relais 1, les contacts restant ouverts.On the figures 7 to 12 , will be presented the implementation of a second kinematics of the lock of the device, during a differential tripping operated by the relay 1, leading to the opening of the contacts, followed by a reset of the relay 1, the contacts remaining open.

En figure 7, l'appareil se trouve dans la même configuration qu'aux figures 2 et 6, c'est-à-dire avec la manette 9 en position ON, et les contacts fermés.In figure 7 , the device is in the same configuration as figures 2 and 6 , that is to say with handle 9 in the ON position, and the contacts closed.

Lors de l'apparition d'un défaut différentiel sur une ligne, le circuit magnétique du relais 1 est modifié et l'armature fixe n'exerce plus suffisamment d'attraction magnétique pour garder la palette mobile au contact des surfaces polaires. Sous l'action d'un ressort par exemple, la palette mobile s'écarte de l'armature fixe et le poussoir passe ainsi de sa position rentrée à sa position sortie. Le relais 1 a opéré un déclenchement différentiel.When a differential fault appears on a line, the magnetic circuit of relay 1 is modified and the fixed armature no longer exerts sufficient magnetic attraction to keep the mobile paddle in contact with the pole surfaces. Under the action of a spring for example, the movable pallet moves away from the fixed frame and the pusher thus passes from its retracted position to its extended position. Relay 1 has operated a differential trip.

En sortant, le poussoir pousse sur la première face 2a de la bascule 2 de manière à la faire pivoter en sens horaire, comme illustré en figure 8. Lors de ce pivotement, l'extrémité libre de la patte 3b du cliquet 3 glisse sur une seconde face 2b de la bascule 2, opposée à la première face 2a. La seconde face 2b de la bascule 2 et l'extrémité libre du cliquet 3 ont des formes correspondantes, leur permettant de glisser l'une sur l'autre, le pivotement en sens horaire de la bascule 2 provoquant le pivotement en sens antihoraire du cliquet 3, à la manière de deux roues dentées.When exiting, the pusher pushes on the first face 2a of the rocker 2 so as to rotate it clockwise, as illustrated in figure 8 . During this pivoting, the free end of the tab 3b of the pawl 3 slides on a second face 2b of the lever 2, opposite to the first face 2a. The second face 2b of the rocker 2 and the free end of the pawl 3 have corresponding shapes, allowing them to slide one over the other, the clockwise pivoting of the rocker 2 causing the counterclockwise pivoting of the pawl 3, like two cogwheels.

En pivotant, la saillie 3c du cliquet 3 a également un mouvement de rotation en sens antihoraire, et libère ainsi le premier bras 4b du déclencheur 4 qui se laisse alors tomber vers le bas en tournant en sens antihoraire sur un premier secteur angulaire jusqu'à l'ouverture des contacts. En effet, la rotation du déclencheur 4 permet à sa protubérance 4f de pivoter et donc de déplacer la troisième bielle 5 qui vient tracter le porte-contact 8 pour ouvrir les contacts.By pivoting, the projection 3c of the pawl 3 also has a counterclockwise rotation movement, and thus frees the first arm 4b of the trigger 4 which then drops downwards by rotating counterclockwise on a first angular sector until opening of contacts. In fact, the rotation of the trigger 4 allows its protuberance 4f to pivot and therefore to move the third connecting rod 5 which pulls the contact carrier 8 to open the contacts.

En tournant ensuite sur un second secteur angulaire consécutif au premier secteur angulaire, le second bras 4c du déclencheur 4 vient en appui sur la première extrémité libre 11a du ressort 11 de réarmement, et vient exercer une force suffisante pour faire tourner le ressort 11 en sens antihoraire, comme illustré en figure 9. Lors de cette rotation, la seconde extrémité libre 11b du ressort 11 vient en appui sur la seconde face 2b de la bascule 2, et exerce une force suffisante pour faire tourner la bascule 2 en sens antihoraire à l'encontre du poussoir et du ressort 11 de la palette mobile, jusqu'à ce que cette dernière soit à nouveau au contact des surfaces polaires. Le poussoir se retrouve donc à nouveau en position rentrée, et le relais 1 est réarmé.By then turning on a second angular sector consecutive to the first angular sector, the second arm 4c of the trigger 4 bears on the first free end 11a of the reset spring 11, and exerts sufficient force to rotate the spring 11 in the direction counterclockwise, as shown in figure 9 . During this rotation, the second free end 11b of the spring 11 bears against the second face 2b of the rocker 2, and exerts a force sufficient to make the rocker 2 turn counterclockwise against the pusher and the spring 11 of the movable pallet, until the latter is again in contact with the polar surfaces. The push-button is therefore again in the retracted position, and relay 1 is reset.

On observe ainsi une inversion du sens de rotation de la bascule 2 grâce au mécanisme de réarmement.There is thus a reversal of the direction of rotation of the rocker 2 thanks to the reset mechanism.

La force exercée par le déclencheur 4 sur le ressort 11 de réarmement provient de l'énergie emmagasinée par le porte-contact lors de la fermeture des contacts, par la compression des ressorts de contact 8c et du ressort de porte-contact 8d. Avant l'ouverture des contacts, cette énergie est contenue grâce à la manette 9 qui se trouve en butée dans sa position ON, et grâce au déclencheur 4 qui se trouve en butée contre le cliquet 3. Au moment de l'ouverture des contacts, les ressorts de contact 8c et le ressort de porte-contact 8d se détendent et restituent cette énergie au déclencheur via la première bielle 7 et la troisième bielle 5.The force exerted by the trigger 4 on the resetting spring 11 comes from the energy stored by the contact carrier during the closing of the contacts, by the compression of the contact springs 8c and of the contact carrier spring 8d. Before the opening of the contacts, this energy is contained thanks to the lever 9 which is in abutment in its ON position, and thanks to the trip unit 4 which is in abutment against the pawl 3. When the contacts are opened, the contact springs 8c and the contact carrier spring 8d relax and restore this energy to the trigger via the first link 7 and the third link 5.

Ainsi, lors de la libération du premier bras 4b du déclencheur 4 par le cliquet 3, la troisième bielle 5 tracte d'abord le porte-contact pour ouvrir les contacts puis transfert l'énergie au déclencheur 4 afin qu'il poursuive sa rotation en sens antihoraire. Cette énergie est suffisante pour réarmer le relais 1 comme expliqué précédemment. En parallèle, le ressort 11 de réarmement est taré pour pouvoir opérer un réarmement convenable du relais 1.Thus, when the first arm 4b of the trigger 4 is released by the pawl 3, the third connecting rod 5 first pulls the contact holder to open the contacts then transfers the energy to the trigger 4 so that it continues its rotation in anticlockwise. This energy is sufficient to reset relay 1 as explained previously. In parallel, the resetting spring 11 is calibrated in order to be able to carry out a suitable resetting of the relay 1.

En référence à la figure 10, suite à l'ouverture des contacts, la première bielle 7 se met alors à tourner en sens antihoraire sous l'effet d'un ressort de manette (non représenté) de manière à tracter la première extrémité 5a de la troisième bielle 5 vers le haut. L'angle entre la première bielle 7 et la troisième bielle 5 diminue, pour devenir un angle aigu. Lors de ce mouvement, la première extrémité 6a de la seconde bielle 6 est forcément tractée vers le haut, provoquant le pivotement de la manette 9 via la seconde extrémité 6b de la seconde bielle 6 pour compenser cette variation de hauteur. La manette 9 est ainsi progressivement dirigée vers la droite jusqu'à arriver en butée (position OFF) comme montré en figure 11.With reference to the figure 10 , following the opening of the contacts, the first connecting rod 7 then starts to rotate counterclockwise under the effect of a lever spring (not shown) so as to pull the first end 5a of the third connecting rod 5 towards the high. The angle between the first connecting rod 7 and the third connecting rod 5 decreases, to become an acute angle. During this movement, the first end 6a of the second connecting rod 6 is necessarily pulled upwards, causing the pivoting of the lever 9 via the second end 6b of the second connecting rod 6 to compensate for this variation in height. The lever 9 is thus progressively directed to the right until it comes to a stop (OFF position) as shown in figure 11 .

En parallèle, le déclencheur 4 pivote en sens horaire sous l'effet du retour de la manette 9 en position OFF via son ressort de manette, jusqu'à revenir en position initiale, c'est-à-dire à la position dans laquelle il se trouvait avant le déclenchement du relais 1. Enfin, le cliquet 3 revient également en position initiale, et sa saillie 3c se repositionne en butée sur le premier bras 4b du déclencheur 4 afin de le retenir jusqu'au prochain déclenchement différentiel. De la même manière, la patte 3b du cliquet 3 se repositionne devant la seconde face 2b de la bascule 2.At the same time, the trigger 4 pivots clockwise under the effect of the lever 9 returning to the OFF position via its lever spring, until it returns to the initial position, that is to say to the position in which it was located before the triggering of the relay 1. Finally, the pawl 3 also returns to the initial position, and its projection 3c is repositioned in abutment on the first arm 4b of the trigger 4 in order to retain it until the next differential triggering. In the same way, the tab 3b of the pawl 3 is repositioned in front of the second face 2b of the lever 2.

Le mécanisme de réarmement du relais 1 est à nouveau en place et opérationnel pour le prochain déclenchement différentiel. La manette 9 de commande est quant à elle en position OFF et les contacts sont ouverts, en attendant un réarmement manuel de l'appareil (voir figures 4 à 6).The relay 1 reset mechanism is again in place and operational for the next differential trip. The control handle 9 is in the OFF position and the contacts are open, pending a manual reset of the device (see figures 4 to 6 ).

Les configurations montrées aux figures citées ne sont que des exemples possibles, nullement limitatifs, de l'invention qui englobe au contraire les variantes de formes et de conceptions à la portée de l'homme de l'art, pour autant qu'elles soient réalisées selon les revendications.The configurations shown in the figures cited are only possible examples, in no way limiting, of the invention which, on the contrary, encompasses the variants of shapes and designs within the reach of those skilled in the art, provided that they are produced. according to the claims.

Claims (15)

  1. Differential switch, comprising:
    - a rotary contact-holder (8), at least one fixed contact (8b), at least one mobile contact (8a) fixed to the rotary contact-holder (8), a control lever (9) for the at least one mobile contact (8a) ;
    - a mechanical latch that can rock by driving the opening/closing of the contacts following a manual action on the lever (9);
    - a breaking device controlled by the control lever (9) driving said mobile contact (8a) away from or towards a fixed contact (8b), said lever (9) being linked to the contact-holder (8) via the mechanical latch;
    - a differential trip device (1), of the differential relay type, capable of toggling the mechanical latch to open the contacts in the case of the appearance of a differential fault on the line, and capable of being rearmed after the tripping by the latch;
    characterized in that the mechanical latch comprises a first kinematic for opening the contacts following a manual action on the lever (9) and a second kinematic for opening the contacts following a differential trip, said two kinematics being decorrelated from one another so as to rearm the differential trip device (1) only upon the implementation of the second kinematic.
  2. Differential switch according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the second kinematic comprises a mechanism for rearming the differential trip device (1).
  3. Differential switch according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said rearming mechanism is suitable for being activated by a transfer of energy from the contact-holder (8), said energy being created upon the closing of the contacts and restored upon the opening of the contacts.
  4. Differential switch according to one of Claims 2 and 3, characterized in that said differential trip device (1) comprises a trip pushbutton that is mobile between a retracted position when the differential trip device (1) is armed and an extended position when the differential trip device (1) has just been tripped, said rearming mechanism being invoked when the pushbutton assumes the extended position and allowing the pushbutton to switch from the extended position to the retracted position.
  5. Differential switch according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said rearming mechanism comprises:
    a rocker (2) capable of turning in a first direction of rotation when the pushbutton assumes the extended position;
    - a mechanical means for reversing the direction of rotation of the rocker (2) in order to switch the pushbutton from the extended position to the retracted position.
  6. Differential switch according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said mechanism means for reversing the direction of rotation of the rocker (2) comprises:
    a rotary ratchet (3) driven by the rocker (2) when it is pivoted in the first direction of rotation;
    - a rotary trigger (4) driven by the ratchet (3);
    - a spring element (11) driven by the trigger (4) and coming to bear on the rocker (2).
  7. Differential switch according to the preceding claim, characterized in that, following a differential trip, the trigger (4) pivots and exerts a force on the spring element (11) so as to pivot the rocker (2) in a second direction of rotation in order to switch the pushbutton to the retracted position.
  8. Differential switch according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises at least one connecting rod (5) and in that said force exerted on the spring element (11) originates from the energy of the contact-holder (8) transmitted to the trigger (4) via the at least one connecting rod (5).
  9. Differential switch according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said pivoting of the trigger (4) drives the opening of the contacts via said connecting rod (5) and the contact-holder (8) .
  10. Differential switch according to one of Claims 6 to 9, characterized in that said trigger (4) comprises a first arm (4b) capable of cooperating with the ratchet (3) and a second arm (4c) capable of cooperating with the spring element (11).
  11. Differential switch according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the spring element (11) comprises a first free end (11a) capable of being driven by the second arm (4c) of the trigger (4) and a second free end (11b) capable of coming to bear on the rocker (2) to switch the pushbutton to its retracted position.
  12. Differential switch according to one of Claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the ratchet (3) comprises a tab (3b) capable of cooperating with the rocker (2) and a protuberance (3c) capable of retaining the first arm (4b) of the trigger (4) in normal operation of the differential switch and capable of releasing the first arm (4b) of the trigger (4) upon a differential trip driving the release of energy originating from the contact-holder (8) to pivot the trigger (4).
  13. Differential switch according to one of Claims 6 to 12, characterized in that it comprises at least one connecting rod (5) and in that, in its rotation upon a differential trip, said trigger (4), over a first angular segment, drives the movement of the contact-holder (8) via the at least one connecting rod (5) to open the contacts, and, over a second angular segment consecutive to the first angular segment, is driven by the energy of the contact-holder (8) via the at least one connecting rod (5) to exert a force on the spring element (11) to rearm the differential trip device (1) .
  14. Differential switch according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the trigger (4) has a rotational movement over the first angular segment when the pushbutton switches from its retracted position to its extended position.
  15. Differential switch according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the trigger (4) has a rotational movement over the second angular segment when the pushbutton switches from its extended position to its retracted position.
EP17305409.9A 2016-04-14 2017-04-06 Electric line protection apparatus Active EP3232459B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1653302A FR3050313B1 (en) 2016-04-14 2016-04-14 LINE PROTECTION ELECTRICAL DEVICE

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EP3232459A1 EP3232459A1 (en) 2017-10-18
EP3232459B1 true EP3232459B1 (en) 2020-08-19

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17305409.9A Active EP3232459B1 (en) 2016-04-14 2017-04-06 Electric line protection apparatus

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EP (1) EP3232459B1 (en)
FR (1) FR3050313B1 (en)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3350525A (en) * 1965-01-25 1967-10-31 Gen Electric Circuit breaker resetting mechanism
JPS59189529A (en) * 1983-04-13 1984-10-27 株式会社日立製作所 Wiring breaker
DE3643511A1 (en) * 1986-12-19 1988-06-30 Felten & Guilleaume Energie MECHANISM FOR A FAULT CIRCUIT BREAKER COMBINED WITH A CIRCUIT BREAKER
FR2628262B1 (en) * 1988-03-04 1995-05-12 Merlin Gerin CONTROL MECHANISM OF A TRIGGERING AUXILIARY BLOCK FOR MODULAR CIRCUIT BREAKER
FR2663153B1 (en) * 1990-06-07 1992-09-11 Legrand Sa DIFFERENTIAL TRIGGERING DEVICE.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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Publication number Publication date
EP3232459A1 (en) 2017-10-18
FR3050313A1 (en) 2017-10-20
FR3050313B1 (en) 2021-02-19

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