EP3231725B1 - Sicherungsvorrichtung zum sichern eines behälters - Google Patents

Sicherungsvorrichtung zum sichern eines behälters Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3231725B1
EP3231725B1 EP17166665.4A EP17166665A EP3231725B1 EP 3231725 B1 EP3231725 B1 EP 3231725B1 EP 17166665 A EP17166665 A EP 17166665A EP 3231725 B1 EP3231725 B1 EP 3231725B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stopper
parts
component
safeguarding device
neck
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17166665.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3231725A1 (de
Inventor
Florian PORTE
Norbert Daniele
Jean-François Mainguet
Pierre-Henri Thevenon
Roland Pelisson
Nicolas BOUQUET
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Publication of EP3231725A1 publication Critical patent/EP3231725A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3231725B1 publication Critical patent/EP3231725B1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D55/00—Accessories for container closures not otherwise provided for
    • B65D55/02—Locking devices; Means for discouraging or indicating unauthorised opening or removal of closure
    • B65D55/028—Locking devices; Means for discouraging or indicating unauthorised opening or removal of closure initial opening or unauthorised access being indicated by the presence or absence of an audible or electrical signal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D39/00—Closures arranged within necks or pouring openings or in discharge apertures, e.g. stoppers
    • B65D39/0052—Closures arranged within necks or pouring openings or in discharge apertures, e.g. stoppers made in more than one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B65D1/0223—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by shape
    • B65D1/023—Neck construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D39/00—Closures arranged within necks or pouring openings or in discharge apertures, e.g. stoppers
    • B65D39/0005—Closures arranged within necks or pouring openings or in discharge apertures, e.g. stoppers made in one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D55/00—Accessories for container closures not otherwise provided for
    • B65D55/02—Locking devices; Means for discouraging or indicating unauthorised opening or removal of closure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2203/00—Decoration means, markings, information elements, contents indicators
    • B65D2203/10—Transponders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for closing a container having a neck and a container with a neck closed by such a device.
  • re-filling consists of recovering bottles of real fine wines or high-end spirits, re-filling these bottles with a lower quality wine or spirits and then resealing them with corks. , possibly the original caps.
  • One objective is in particular to detect the first opening of a bottle in order to guarantee the consumer that the stopper has not already been opened.
  • the RFID tag includes an electronic chip storing information about the product (that is to say the bottle and its contents) or a simple identifier allowing this information to be retrieved by connection to a remote server, as well as data making it possible to verify the authenticity of this product information, and an antenna, the whole being arranged on a thin support. Thanks to this label, one can easily verify the authenticity of the product and ensure that the bottle has not been previously opened. It suffices to be equipped with an NFC reader (standing for “Near Field Communication”), integrated for example in a smartphone or in any other NFC equipment, and to scan the chip integrated in the label. If the label is intact, the chip confirms that the product has not been tampered with and that the cap has not been removed.
  • NFC reader standing for “Near Field Communication”
  • the two parts are integral with one another while allowing a limited relative movement, over a maximum distance d, of one of the parts with respect to the other when a tensile force intended to extract the device from obturation is applied to it.
  • the RFID tag is attached to the cap part.
  • a rod integral, at one of its ends, with the cabochon part and provided, at its other end, with a perforation punch is provided to mechanically damage the label when the container is first opened. When an individual tries to unblock the container, he exerts a tensile force on the cap. This force first of all has the effect of moving the cap part away from the stopper part, until the cap comes into abutment against a bearing zone of the stopper part.
  • the two parts move together under the tensile force so as to unblock the container.
  • the first relative movement of the cabochon part compared to the stopper part causes the punch to move and perforate the RFID tag thus causing the chip and / or the antenna to break, which has the effect of mechanically deactivating the tag.
  • the present invention provides a device for closing a container having a neck suitable for detecting a first opening of the container in a non-destructive manner.
  • the invention relates to a securing device intended to secure a container, in particular a bottle containing a wine or a spirit, having a neck closed by a stopper partially inserted into said neck, said securing device comprising a first and a second part, the first part being adapted to be secured to the stopper and the two parts being integral in translation while allowing a limited relative movement of one of the parts with respect to the other when a tensile force is applied to the device.
  • securing for extracting said stopper from the neck characterized in that it comprises an electrical component arranged so that at least one electrical characteristic of said component is modified during the relative movement of the two parts.
  • the electrical component is a piezoelectric component or an LC circuit.
  • the piezoelectric component is integral with one of the two parts, intended to be mechanically deformed by the other part, in particular by an excitation element integral with the other part, during the relative movement of the parts. two parts, so as to generate a signal electric.
  • the piezoelectric component being integrated into the securing device, the integrity of the sealing plug is preserved and its quality does not run the risk of being degraded.
  • the second part is mounted on an axis integral with the first part and movable in translation over a limited distance along said axis.
  • the second part is free to rotate about said axis. This forces the user who seeks to extract the stopper provided with the device for securing the neck of the container to perform a pulling gesture in an axial direction.
  • the excitation element comprises a washer, integral with the axis of the first part, and in that the piezoelectric component is carried by the second part, the washer and the piezoelectric component being arranged to cooperate so that the piezoelectric component is mechanically deformed by the washer as it passes in front of said washer, during the relative movement of the two parts.
  • the second part is adapted to come into abutment against the washer at the end of the relative movement of the two parts.
  • the piezoelectric component has the shape of a strip which extends in a plane orthogonal to the axis of the first part and said strip is integral with the second part.
  • the piezoelectric component is connected to a microcontroller intended to count the number of openings and / or closings of the container from the electrical signal generated by the piezoelectric component at each mechanical deformation.
  • the microcontroller is supplied electrically by the piezoelectric component.
  • one of the two parts comprises a first capacitor armature and the other part comprises a second capacitor armature and a coil, said coil and the two capacitor plates forming an LC circuit, the two plates. capacitor being arranged so that the distance between them is changed during the relative movement of the two parts.
  • the first capacitor armature belongs to the first part
  • the second capacitor armature and the coil belong to the second part.
  • the device comprises a non-return system to prevent a return of the two parts to the initial closed position.
  • the device comprises a support ring for winding the coil.
  • the internal wall of said support ring carries at least one non-return rim.
  • the support ring comprising two openings, one of the openings may have an internal bearing rim acting as a stop for the first capacitor armature and the other opening may be closed by the second capacitor armature.
  • the first capacitor frame may be assembled to a cylindrical portion, the assembly forming a cap intended to cap one end of the cap.
  • the invention also relates to a secure closure device for a container having a neck, comprising a stopper intended to close said neck and a safety device as defined above, assembled to the stopper.
  • the invention also relates to a container comprising a neck and a secure closure device as defined above, sealing said neck.
  • the container is in the form of a bottle. It can contain a wine or a spirit
  • the securing device of the invention is intended to secure a container having a neck, for example a bottle containing a liquid such as wine or spirits. It is designed to be assembled to a stopper 1, or closure device, intended to close, preferably in a leaktight manner, the neck of the container.
  • the assembly comprising the stopper and the securing device forms a secure closure device for the container.
  • the stopper 1 here has a cylindrical shape. It can be cork or synthetic material.
  • the securing device has two parts, called “first” part and “second” part. These two parts are integral in translation while allowing a limited relative movement of one of the parts with respect to the other when a tensile force is applied to the securing device to extract the stopper from the neck.
  • the securing device comprises an electrical component arranged so that an electrical characteristic of this component is modified during the relative movement of the two parts, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • the purpose of the device is to detect a first opening.
  • the device can be adapted to count the number of openings, and possibly the number of closings.
  • the securing device 2 comprises a first part 20 and a second part 21.
  • the electrical component is a piezoelectric component 212, intended to be mechanically deformed during the relative movement of the two parts 20, 21 of the securing device 2 and to generate a electrical signal under the action of this mechanical deformation.
  • the piezoelectric component 212 is arranged so that an electrical characteristic of this component, in this case the electrical signal generated by this component, is modified during the relative movement of the two parts 20, 21 of the securing device 2.
  • the piezoelectric component 212 is integral with one of the two parts of the securing device 2, here the second part 21, and intended to be deformed by an excitation element, or part, integral with the other part of the securing device 2, here of part one 20.
  • the first part 20 of the securing device 2 comprises a cylindrical portion 200 and a fixing pin 201.
  • the cylindrical portion 200 comprises a cylindrical side wall 202 and a bottom 203, forming a cap intended to cover the stopper 1.
  • the wall 202 and the bottom 203 delimit an interior space constituting a housing intended to receive one of the ends of the stopper 1, namely that intended to be oriented towards the outside of the container.
  • the fixing pin 201 is integral with the bottom 203 of the cylindrical portion 200 and extends on the side opposite the housing for receiving the stopper.
  • the cylindrical portion 200 and the fixing axis 201 are coaxial.
  • One of the ends of the fixing pin 201 passes through the bottom 203 of the cap and protrudes slightly inside the latter.
  • This lower end of the axis 201 is intended to be introduced into a cavity of complementary shape formed in the end face of the stopper 1, intended to be oriented towards the outside of the container.
  • the axis 201 and the cylindrical portion 200 form a single piece. In this case, the axis 201 does not protrude inside the cylindrical portion 200.
  • the other end of the fixing pin 201 carries an excitation washer, or a circlip, 205.
  • This washer forms a central opening for receiving the fixing pin 201. It is fixed. to the axis 201 by any suitable fixing means, for example by clamping nuts 206 such as those shown in figure 4 .
  • the excitation washer 205 has two functions: a) to serve as a stop for the translational movement, b) to excite the piezoelectric component 212. For function b), the washer 205 is intended to mechanically deform the piezoelectric component 212 during the relative movement. of the two parts 20 and 21, as will be explained later. It must be able to be fixed after assembly of parts 20 and 21.
  • the second part 21 is mounted on the fixing axis 201. It is movable in translation over a limited distance d along this fixing axis 201. Advantageously, it is also free to rotate around the fixing axis 201.
  • the two parts 211 and 215 are replaced by a single part providing an insertion slot for the piezoelectric component 212.
  • the cap 210 has an internal cylindrical portion 219, intended to cap or fit onto the cylindrical portion 200 of the first part 20 and surrounded by an external wall 220, for example frustoconical and flaring upwards (this is that is to say in the direction opposite to the nesting direction of the second part 21 on the first part 20).
  • This outer wall 220 could however be cylindrical or of another shape.
  • the internal cylindrical portion 219 comprises a cylindrical side wall and an upper bottom forming a central opening for receiving the fixing axis 201.
  • the frustoconical wall external 220 and the internal cylindrical portion 219 form a groove between them.
  • the frustoconical shape flaring upwardly of the outer wall 220 facilitates the gripping of the secure closure device by a user in order to open the bottle.
  • the external frustoconical wall 220 has a height greater than that of the internal cylindrical portion 219.
  • the cylindrical portion 219 is surmounted by the locking sleeve 216.
  • the latter is intended to come into abutment against the washer 205, here via the intermediary. of one of the nuts 206 for tightening said washer 205 (the one located under the washer), at the end of the relative movement of the two parts 20 and 21 when a user exerts a tensile force on the secure closure device 100 in order to extract it from the neck of the container.
  • the total height of the cylindrical portion 219 and of the sleeve 216 is here equal or substantially equal to the height of the external frustoconical wall 218.
  • the part 21 does not include a sleeve 216 around the axis.
  • the lower part 21 can come into abutment directly against the upper part 20.
  • the sleeve 216 just makes it possible to adjust the clearance between the two moving parts 20, 21 of the securing device 2.
  • the function of the support barrel 211 is to carry the piezoelectric component 212. It is integral with the second part 21 of the securing device 2 and arranged to pass the piezoelectric component 212 in front of the washer 205 during the relative movement of the two parts 20, 21. of the securing device 3, as will be explained below.
  • the support barrel 211 comprises a circular bottom and a frustoconical side wall having, at its free end, an annular edge 217 for supporting the piezoelectric component 212.
  • the annular edge 217 has a receiving notch 218. of a portion of the piezoelectric component 212.
  • the bottom of the barrel 211 forms a central opening for receiving the locking sleeve 216.
  • the frustoconical side wall of the barrel 211 flares out from the circular bottom towards the annular free end edge.
  • the support barrel 211 is assembled to the cap 210 by inserting the sleeve 216 through the central opening in the bottom of the barrel 211 then by fixing, by for example by gluing, from the bottom of the barrel 211 to the bottom of the cylindrical portion 219 (the lower face of the bottom of the barrel 211 being glued to the upper face of the bottom of the cylindrical portion 219).
  • the bonding between the bottom of the barrel 211 and the bottom of the cylindrical wall 219 must be strong and resistant enough to prevent unsticking when a tensile force is applied to the securing device 2 to extract the stopper 1 from the neck of the receptacle.
  • the support elements of the piezoelectric component could be structurally and / or geometrically different.
  • the parts 210 (cap), 211 (barrel) and 215 (clamping ring) could form a single one-piece part providing an insertion slot for the piezolelectric component.
  • the piezoelectric component 212 is here a disc-shaped strip. It is clamped, or sandwiched, between the upper annular edge 217 of the barrel 211 and the clamping ring 215, of width equal to or substantially equal to that of the annular edge of the barrel 211.
  • the ring 215 is fixed to the annular edge 217 of the barrel 211, for example by gluing. The whole is arranged so that the piezolelectric part 212 is effectively deformed when the washer 205 passes in front.
  • the piezoelectric component 212 is connected to a microcontroller (not shown) via a circuit (not shown) for recovering and converting energy intended to recover electrical energy. generated by the piezoelectric component in the event of mechanical deformation thereof and to shape or convert this energy so as to supply the microcontroller. This is arranged to count the number of openings and closings of the container.
  • the securing device 2 comprises a wireless communication component, here an NFC component (standing for “ Near Field Communication ”), or NFC tag.
  • This NFC component can be integrated into the microcontroller. It comprises an electronic chip and an antenna, arranged on a thin support.
  • the electronic chip can store information about the product contained in the container and data enabling the authenticity of this information to be verified.
  • the chip can memorize the number of openings and / or closings of the bottle, detected by the microcontroller.
  • a non-volatile memory register can store the number of openings and / or closings of the bottle.
  • This register can be a register of the microcontroller (flash memory, eeprom, etc.), or of the memory in the NFC tag.
  • the NFC tag is suitable for supplying power to the microcontroller and for reading the memory register in the microcontroller.
  • the microcontroller In the second case (memory register in the NFC tag), the microcontroller has access to the NFC tag, which assumes that it is also powered.
  • the piezoelectric component 212 could be connected to a transistor, or other component of the same type (for example a simple fuse), so as to burn this transistor with the electrical energy generated by the piezoelectric component when it is mechanically deformed.
  • a printed circuit or PCB printed Circuit Board
  • This printed circuit could have an annular shape. It could also integrate the energy recovery circuit, the microcontroller, the NFC component and the antenna.
  • a first step E1 one of the ends of the stopper 1 (the one intended to be oriented towards the outside of the container) is introduced into the housing, or the cavity, for receiving the cylindrical portion 200 of the first part 20 of the securing device 2.
  • the diameter of the cylindrical portion 200 is slightly smaller than that of the stopper 1, so that the end part of the stopper 1 inserted into the cylindrical portion 200 is compressed. slightly which ensures the maintenance of the stopper 1. Alternatively or in addition, the maintenance of the stopper can be ensured by gluing.
  • the assembly comprising the cap 1 and the first part 20 of the securing device 2 is capped with the cap 210 of the second part 21 of the securing device 2.
  • the end of the stopper 1 carrying the cylindrical portion 200 in the cylindrical portion 217 of the cap 210 by passing the axis, or the rod, 201 through the opening made in the bottom of the cylindrical portion 217 and the sleeve 216, up to 'so that the bottom of the cylindrical portion 200 abuts against the bottom of the cylindrical portion 217 of the cap 210.
  • the cylindrical portion 200 of the first part 20 of the securing device 2 is thus fitted into the cylindrical portion 217 of the second part of the securing device 2, while introducing the pin 201 into the sleeve 216.
  • the two parts 20 and 21 are thus assembled in a pull-out. It is advantageously possible to lightly glue the respective bottoms of the cylindrical portions 200 and 217, using a weak layer of glue adapted to allow easy subsequent detachment when a tensile force is applied to the cap 210 to extract the stopper. 1 from the neck of the container. This allows the two parts 20 and 21 to remain assembled in the “initial” position, in which the respective bottoms of the cylindrical portions 200 and 217 are contiguous, and to avoid any unwanted relative movement of the two parts 20 and 21.
  • step E3 the support barrel 211 is fixed to the cap 210, here by gluing.
  • the sleeve 216 is introduced through the central opening in the bottom of the barrel 211 until the bottom of the barrel 211 comes to rest against the bottom of the cylindrical portion 217 of the cap 210.
  • the respective bottoms of the barrel 211 and the cylindrical portion 217 are joined together, here by gluing using a sufficiently strong adhesive layer to keep the two bottoms glued to each other when the container is opened and closed.
  • step E3 is not implemented.
  • the piezoelectric component 212 is fixed to the barrel 211 by clamping it between the annular edge of the barrel 211 and the clamping ring 215 which is secured to the annular edge here by gluing.
  • the excitation washer 205 is fixed on the axis 201.
  • the washer 205 can be sandwiched between the two nuts 206 screwed into the free end part of the shaft.
  • the axis 201 can also be constituted by a circlip adapted to be housed in a groove located on the free end of the axis 201.
  • the washer 205 extends in a plane orthogonal to axis 201.
  • the end of the axis 201 carrying the excitation washer 205 protrudes out of the barrel 211, above the latter in the z direction as shown in FIG. figure 2 .
  • the piezoelectric component 212 extends in a plane orthogonal to the axis 201 interposed between the washer 205 and the bottom of the barrel 211. It is thus located below the washer 205 in the z direction.
  • the stopper 1 provided with the securing device 2 is partially inserted into the neck of the receptacle, so as to close the neck in a leaktight manner.
  • the securing device 2 and the part of the stopper which carries it protrude outside the neck.
  • the securing device 2 is in the initial closed position as shown in the figure. figure 6A : the respective bottoms of the cylindrical portions 200 and 217 bear against each other, contiguous. In this position, the piezoelectric component 212 extends into a plane which is located between the washer 205 and the bottom of the barrel 211, below the washer 205 with reference to the figure 6A . Before the first opening of the bottle, the respective bottoms of the cylindrical portions 200 and 217 are lightly glued to each other.
  • a user When a user wishes to open the container, in this case the bottle of wine or spirits, he exerts a tensile force on the secure closure device 2, during a step E11.
  • the force is directed in the z direction so as to extract the stopper 1 from the neck, upwards on the figures 6A to 6D .
  • the user positions for example several fingers on the outer face of the cap 210 and pulls upwards to extract the stopper from the neck.
  • the frustoconical shape of the cap 210 improves the grip during the tensile force.
  • the second part 21 being free to rotate around the axis 201 of the first part 20, the user must necessarily perform a pulling gesture in the z direction to open the container.
  • the second part 21 of the securing device 2 moves in the direction z, in the direction of the tensile force (c 'that is to say up on the figure 6B ), relative to the first part 20, the latter remaining held in position in the neck of the bottle, over a maximum distance d.
  • a tensile force is applied to the securing device 2 to extract the secure stopper 1 from the neck, this causes a limited relative movement of the part 21 with respect to the part 20 of the securing device 2.
  • the relative movement of the two parts 20 and 21 causes the piezoelectric component to move relative to the washer 205 and to pass in front of the latter by striking it, which has the effect of mechanically deforming the piezoelectric component 212, during a step E14.
  • the figures 6B and 6C represent intermediate positions during the relative movement of the two parts 20 and 21, in which the piezoelectric component 212 and the washer 205 bear against each other. On the figure 6B , the piezoelectric component 212 has just come into contact with the washer 205. Then, it continues to move in the direction of the tensile force (upwards) and is mechanically deformed by pressing a peripheral edge of the component. piezoelectric 212 against a peripheral edge of the washer 205, as shown in figure 6C .
  • the deformation of the piezoelectric component 212 generates an electrical signal, here an electrical voltage, during a step E15.
  • This electrical signal is used here to supply the microcontroller electrically, via the energy recovery and conversion circuit.
  • the microcontroller detects an opening of the container, in this case, of the bottle, and records the information in memory by counting the number of openings, for example by incrementing a corresponding value.
  • the microcontroller is suitable for starting when its supply voltage exceeds a certain threshold. When the electrical voltage generated by the deformation of the piezoelectric component exceeds this threshold, the microcontroller initiates a cold start (or “hard reset”) procedure in which the incrementation of a memory register is programmed. Thus, each time the microcontroller starts up caused by the deformation of the piezoelectric component, the memory register is incremented by one.
  • the sleeve 216 abuts against the washer 205, via the lower nut 206, as shown in FIG. figure 6D , during a step E16.
  • the bottom of the cylindrical portion 217 of the cap 210 is spaced by the distance d from the bottom 200 of the part 20.
  • the piezoelectric component 212 is positioned beyond the washer d '. excitation 205 (above this on the figure 6D ).
  • the plug 1 moves in the direction of the tensile force (upwards on the figure 6D ) and is extracted from the neck until it opens, during a step E17.
  • the tensile force necessary to trigger the securing device (that is to say to set the two parts 20 and 21 in motion with respect to each other) must be greater than the weight of the bottle, so to avoid false detection of opening if the bottle is simply held by the upper part 21, and less than the unblocking force which is preferably greater than 45N.
  • steps E13 to E17 are concomitant with step E12 consisting in applying a tensile force to the securing device.
  • the container can be closed using the stopper 1 fitted with the securing device 2.
  • Closing the neck of the container using the cap 1 fitted with the securing device 2 also causes mechanical deformation of the piezoelectric component. 212 and, therefore, the generation of an electrical signal. This allows the microcontroller to also count closures.
  • the closing operation takes place as described below.
  • the closure device 2 is in a configuration, or arrangement, similar to that shown in the figure. figure 6D : the piezoelectric component 212 is positioned above the excitation washer 205, possibly in contact with the latter but without deformation.
  • the user first slightly pushes the stopper 1 into the neck to be closed and then applies a pushing force to the securing device 2 of the stopper 1 so as to push the stopper 1 into the neck.
  • the second part 21 of the securing device 2 moves in the direction z, in the direction of the pushing force (that is to say towards the bottom), relative to the first part 20.
  • the relative movement of the part 21 with respect to the part 20 of the closure device 2 causes the piezoelectric component 212 to move relative to the washer 205 and to pass in front of the latter. by striking it, which has the effect of mechanically deforming the piezoelectric component 212.
  • the piezoelectric component 212 By moving in the direction of the thrust force (here downwards), the piezoelectric component 212 is mechanically deformed by peripheral bearing against the washer 205 During this phase of bearing of the component 212 against the washer 205 and of relative displacement of the component 212 with respect to the washer 205, the component 212 gradually twists while bending upwards. Then, the contact between the washer 205 and the piezoelectric component 212 breaks and the piezoelectric component 212 abruptly resumes its initial planar shape.
  • This mechanical deformation of the piezoelectric component 212 generates an electrical signal, here an electrical voltage.
  • This electrical signal is used here to supply the microcontroller electrically, via the energy recovery and conversion circuit.
  • the microcontroller detects a closing of the bottle and records the information in memory, so as to count the number of closings, for example by incrementing a corresponding value.
  • the direction of the electric current generated by deformation of the piezoelectric component depends on the direction of twist of the latter, so that it makes it possible to determine whether the current generated corresponds to an opening or a closing of the bottle.
  • the microcontroller does not know whether this signal corresponds to an opening or a closing. In this case, it can globally count the number of openings and closings. This total number of openings and closings can possibly be divided by two to deduce therefrom the effective number of openings and / or the effective number of closings.
  • the bottom of the cylindrical portion 217 of the cap 210 bears against the bottom of the cylindrical portion 200 of the part 20 of the closure device 2
  • the two parts 20 and 21 are integral in translation in the direction of the thrust force (that is to say towards the bottom).
  • the securing device 2 comprises a piezoelectric component 212.
  • it could comprise several piezoelectric components, for example distributed along the annular rim of the barrel 211.
  • FIG. 7 A second embodiment of the securing device of the invention - bearing the reference 3 - is shown in the figures. figures 7 and 8 .
  • the electrical component is the LC circuit, as explained below.
  • the securing device 3 comprises a first part 30 and a second part 31.
  • the first part 30 comprises a first capacitor armature 301.
  • the other part, called the second part 31, comprises a coil 310 and a second capacitor armature 311.
  • the capacitor plates 301, 311 are disc-shaped and arranged opposite one another. Each of the frames 301 and 311 is formed by a metallized surface carried by a support disc of circular shape.
  • the coil 310 and the two capacitor plates 301, 311 form an LC circuit.
  • the first part 30 comprises a cylindrical portion 300, in the form of a ring, assembled to the capacitor frame 301.
  • One of the annular edges of the ring 300 is fixed, for example by gluing, to the rear face of the frame. 301 opposite to its front face disposed opposite the other frame 311.
  • the assembly of the ring 300 and the capacitor frame 301 forms a cap intended to cover one end of the plug 1 and delimits a space interior constituting a housing intended to receive one of the ends of the stopper 1, namely that intended to be oriented towards the outside of the container.
  • the securing device 3 also comprises a ring 312 winding support of the coil 310.
  • This support ring 312 has two openings, respectively upper and lower in the direction z with reference to the figure 8 .
  • One of the openings in the ring 312 (the lower opening on the figure 8 ) has an annular internal bearing flange 314 acting as a stopper for the first capacitor armature 301.
  • the other opening of the ring 312 (the upper opening on the figure 8 ) is closed by the second capacitor frame 311.
  • the latter is fixed, for example by gluing, to the upper annular edge of the ring 312, the diameter of the frame 311 being identical to the outside diameter of the ring 312.
  • the diameter of the frame 301 is substantially equal to, or slightly less than, the internal diameter of the support ring 312 and greater than the diameter of the lower opening formed by the support rim 314.
  • the outer diameter of the ring 300 for receiving the plug 1 is substantially equal to or slightly less than the diameter of the lower opening delimited by the bearing flange 314, and less than the outer diameter of the winding support ring 312 and of the 'capacitor armature 311.
  • the securing device 3 also comprises a non-return system to prevent the two parts 30, 31 from returning to the initial relative closed position (before first opening), at the end of relative movement.
  • the non-return system comprises one or more non-return edges, for example four non-return flanges, carried by the internal wall of said support ring 312.
  • Each flange has the shape of a ring portion and has an upper face inclined with respect to the z axis towards the bearing flange (that is, ie down on the figure 8 ), adapted to allow the passage of the capacitor armature 301 in one direction (from top to bottom on the figure 8 ), and a non-return lower face orthogonal to the z axis to prevent, prevent a return of the capacitor armature 301 in the opposite direction (from the bottom to the top on the figure 8 ).
  • the non-return edges are made of a slightly flexible material.
  • non-return systems can be considered.
  • the central cone can be replaced by fins positioned on the periphery of the reinforcements.
  • the capacitor frame 301 is disposed in the space or interior housing 315 delimited by the support ring 312, the bearing flange 314 and the other capacitor armature 311.
  • the securing device 3 which makes it possible to detect a first opening of the neck of a container, for example a bottle of wine or spirits, closed by a stopper 1 provided with this securing device 3.
  • the stopper 1 is assembled to the securing device 3, by introducing one of its ends into the ring 300, as shown in figure 7 . Then the stopper 1 is partially introduced into the neck of the bottle (or of the container) so as to close it tightly. The stopper 1 is pushed into the neck until the stopper head 32 abuts against the outer edge of the neck.
  • the second part 31 of the securing device 3 moves relative to the first part 30 of the securing device 3, during a step E22.
  • the stopper 1 capped with the first part 30 remains held in the closed position in the neck.
  • the two capacitor plates 301, 311 move away from one another. This leads the capacitor armature 301 to pass in front of the non-return system 313, during a step E23.
  • the capacitor frame 301 presses at the periphery on the inclined faces of the non-return rims 313.
  • the non-return rims 313 bend slightly and move apart so as to let the armature 301 pass and then return to the initial position. Then, at the end of the relative movement of the two parts 30, 31, the capacitor armature 301 abuts against the bearing flange 314, during a step E24.
  • the two parts 30 and 31 are integral in translation in the direction of the tensile force (in other words according to the direction z upwards on the figure 8 ).
  • the user continues to apply a tensile force on the securing device 3.
  • the two parts 30 and 31 having become integral in translation, the cap 1 provided with the securing device 3 is pulled and moves in the direction of this tensile force until it is extracted from the neck, during a step E25.
  • the user can close the bottle (or the container) with the stopper 1 provided with the securing device 3.
  • the stopper 1 For this purpose, he pushes the stopper 1 into the neck of the bottle, by applying a pushing force on the head. stopper 32, until it abuts against the rim of the neck.
  • the second part 31 moves slightly relative to the first part 30 of the securing device, until the frame 301 comes into abutment against the non-return faces of the edges. 313. In this position, the distance between the two reinforcements 301, 311 is equal to d 2 with d 2 ⁇ d 1 .
  • the LC circuit of the securing device 3 constitutes an electrical component arranged so that an electrical characteristic of this component, in this case its resonant frequency, is modified during the relative movement of the two parts 30, 31 of the securing device. 3.
  • the LC circuit has a resonant frequency ⁇ 2 , when the stopper 1 fitted with the securing device 3 is in the closed position of the container after a first opening thereof, which is lower than its resonant frequency ⁇ 1 when the stopper 1 provided with the securing device 3 is in the closed position of the container before the latter is opened for the first time.
  • a user can for example equip himself with a spectrum analyzer associated with a loop antenna with mutual zero inductance.
  • the frequency at which the output is maximum in amplitude corresponds to the resonant frequency.
  • each of the two parts 20 and 21 of the device comprises several elements assembled together.
  • each of the parts 20 and 21 may consist of a single integral part, the only elements mounted after assembly of the two parts 20 and 21 movable with respect to one another being the piezoelectric component 212 and the washer 205 .
  • the two parts 20 and 21 of the device may be structurally different from that described with reference to figures 1-5 .
  • the patch 42 comprises a peripheral edge integral with the upper part 41 of the device 4 and portions closer to the center of the patch which are integral with the lower part 40 of the device 4 by means of junction pads 421.
  • the patch 42 carries a piezoelectric element 420 in the form of a disc, with a diameter smaller than that of the pellet, arranged in the center thereof. When a user pulls on the upper portion 41, this raises the peripheral edge of the pad 42 and collapses the center of the pad 42, this deformation of the pad 42 causing a deformation of the piezoelectric element 420.
  • the pellet 42 can be of the bistable type. It then has two stable states. The application of a force on the pellet allows it to pass quickly from one stable state to another. This rapid deformation of the pellet to switch from one stable state to another is used to generate electrical energy by means of a piezoelectric element.
  • the center of the pellet 42 is disposed above a reference plane passing through the contact zones between the pellet 42 and the pads 421, the periphery of the pellet 42 being below of this plan.
  • the pellet 42 is then in a first stable state. When a user pulls up on the upper part 41 of the device 4, the peripheral edge of the pad 42 passes above the reference plane because its peripheral edge is integral with the upper part 41.
  • the patch 42 advantageously acts as a stopper to limit the relative movement of the two upper 41 and lower 42 parts of the device.
  • the patch 52 is fixed to the lower part 50 here by junction pads 501, as shown in figure 12B , which position the pellet 52 slightly spaced from the part 50, above the latter.
  • the pellet 52 carries a piezoelectric element 520. The latter is advantageously positioned near the periphery of the pellet 52.
  • the upper part 51 comprises, on its inner wall, a rack 510 intended to cooperate with a finger 521 of the pellet 52, formed by a protruding portion at the periphery of the pellet 52.
  • Such a rack 510 is defined on all or part of the inner wall of the upper part 51. More precisely, with reference to figures 12A to 12C , this rack 510 can be defined on a localized part of this inner wall by being arranged opposite the finger 521 of the pad 52 so that the latter cooperates with this rack 510 when the upper part 51 is driven in translation by relative to the lower part 50. In an alternative, the rack 510 can be defined over the entire inner wall of the upper part 51. Thus in this alternative, the finger 521 is still able to cooperate with the rack 510 even when the upper part 51 performs a rotational movement relative to the lower part 50 about a central axis common to these two parts 50, 51.
  • the finger 521 moves along the rack 510 by generating vibrations of the pellet 52. These vibrations cause deformations of part of the pellet 52 and / or the finger of the piezoelectric element 520, which generates an electrical signal.
  • the end of the finger 521 is positioned in a hollow of a top portion of the rack or above the top of the rack.
  • the end of the finger 521 successively meets the recesses and the projections of the rack 510.
  • This energy can be used for example by a piezoelectric element placed on a zone - of the finger 521 or of a part of the pad 52 proximal to the finger 521 - which is deformed, or by an electromechanical microsystem of the piezoelectric beam type, to generate energy. electric power.
  • the vibratory mechanical energy is transformed into electrical energy.
  • the end of the finger is in a hollow of a lower portion of the rack, or below the bottom of the rack.
  • the device 5 comprises a stop element intended to prevent separation of the two parts 51 and 50.
  • the invention also relates to a secure closure device for a container having a neck, comprising a stopper 1 intended to close the neck and a securing device, such as one of those 2, 3, 4, 5 described above, assembled to plug 1.
  • the invention also relates to a container comprising a neck and a secure closure device as defined above, sealing the neck.
  • the container can be a bottle.
  • the invention relates to a container as defined above, in particular a bottle, containing a wine or a spirit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)

Claims (22)

  1. Sicherungsvorrichtung (2; 3; 4; 5) zum Sichern eines Behälters, insbesondere einer Flasche, die einen Wein oder eine Spirituose enthält, mit einem Hals, der durch einen teilweise in den Hals eingeführten Stopfen (1) verschlossen ist, wobei die Sicherungsvorrichtung (2; 3; 4; 5) einen ersten und einen zweiten Teil (20, 21; 30, 31; 40, 41; 50, 51) aufweist, wobei der erste Teil (20; 30; 40; 50) dazu geeignet ist, fest mit dem Stopfen (1) verbunden zu sein, und die beiden Teile (20, 21; 30, 31; 40, 41; 50, 51) in Translation fest miteinander verbunden sind, so dass eine begrenzte Relativbewegung eines der Teile in Bezug auf den anderen möglich ist, wenn eine Zugkraft auf die Sicherungsvorrichtung (2; 3; 4; 5) ausgeübt wird, um den Stopfen (1) aus dem Hals herauszuziehen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein elektrisches Bauteil (212; 301, 310, 311; 420; 520) umfasst, das so angeordnet ist, dass bei einer Relativbewegung der beiden Teile (20, 21; 30, 31; 40, 41; 50, 51) zumindest ein elektrisches Merkmal verformt wird, wobei das elektrische Bauteil (212; 301, 310, 311; 420; 520) ein piezoelektrisches Bauteil oder ein Schwingkreis ist.
  2. Sicherungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das piezoelektrische Bauteil fest mit einem der beiden Teile (21; 40; 50) verbunden und dazu bestimmt ist, bei einer Relativbewegung der beiden Teile (20, 21; 40; 41; 50, 51) durch den anderen Teil (20; 41; 51), insbesondere durch ein fest mit dem anderen Teil verbundenes Erregerelement (205), mechanisch verformt zu werden, um ein elektrisches Signal zu erzeugen.
  3. Sicherungsvorrichtung nach dem vorangehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Teil (21) auf einer fest mit dem ersten Teil (20) verbundenen Achse (201) montiert und über eine begrenzte Strecke (d) entlang der Achse (201) translatorisch bewegbar ist.
  4. Sicherungsvorrichtung nach dem vorangehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Teil (21) frei um die Achse (201) drehbar ist.
  5. Sicherungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Erregerelement (205) eine fest mit der Achse (201) des ersten Teils (20) verbundene Scheibe umfasst und dass das piezoelektrische Bauteil (212) durch den zweiten Teil (21) getragen wird, wobei die Scheibe (205) und das piezoelektrische Bauteil (212) so angeordnet sind, dass sie so zusammenwirken, dass das piezoelektrische Bauteil (212) durch die Scheibe (205) mechanisch verformt wird, wenn es bei einer Relativbewegung der beiden Teile (20, 21) an der Scheibe (205) vorbeiläuft.
  6. Sicherungsvorrichtung nach dem vorangehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Teil (21) geeignet ist, am Ende der Relativbewegung der beiden Teile (20, 21) an der Scheibe (205) anzuliegen.
  7. Sicherungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das piezoelektrische Bauteil (212) eine Lamellenform aufweist, die sich in einer zur Achse (201) des ersten Teils (20) orthogonalen Ebene erstreckt, und dass die Lamelle (212) fest mit dem zweiten Teil (21) verbunden ist.
  8. Sicherungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das piezoelektrische Bauteil (212) mit einem Mikrocontroller verbunden ist, der dazu bestimmt ist, anhand des durch das piezoelektrische Bauteil (212) bei jeder mechanischen Verformung erzeugten elektrischen Signals die Anzahl der Öffnungs- und/oder Schließvorgänge zu zählen.
  9. Sicherungsvorrichtung nach dem vorangehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mikrocontroller durch das piezoelektrische Bauteil (212) elektrisch versorgt wird.
  10. Sicherungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das piezoelektrische Bauteil mit einem Transistor verbunden ist, so dass der Transistor mit der vom piezoelektrischen Bauteil bei seiner mechanischen Verformung erzeugten elektrischen Energie durchbrennt.
  11. Sicherungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Teil (20) einen zylindrischen Abschnitt (200) aufweist, der dazu bestimmt ist, den Stopfen (1) zu bedecken und fest mit dem Stopfen (1) verbunden zu sein.
  12. Sicherungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass einer der beiden Teile (30) eine erste Kondensatorarmatur (301) aufweist und der andere Teil (31) eine zweite Kondensatorarmatur (311) und eine Spule (310) aufweist, wobei die Spule (310) und die beiden Kondensatorarmaturen (301, 311) einen Schwingkreis ausbilden, wobei die beiden Kondensatorarmaturen (301, 311) so angeordnet sind, dass sich der Abstand zwischen ihnen bei einer Relativbewegung der beiden Teile (30, 31) ändert.
  13. Sicherungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Kondensatorarmatur (301) zum ersten Teil (30) gehört und die zweite Kondensatorarmatur (311) und die Spule (310) zum zweiten Teil (31) gehören.
  14. Sicherungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 12 und 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein Anti-Rückstell-System (313) umfasst, um zu verhindern, dass die beiden Teile (30, 31) in die ursprüngliche Schließposition zurückkehren.
  15. Sicherungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Ring (312) umfasst, der die Wicklung der Spule (310) stützt.
  16. Sicherungsvorrichtung nach dem vorangehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Innenwand des Stützrings (312) zumindest einen Anti-Rückstell-Rand (313) trägt.
  17. Sicherungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 und 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stützring (312) zwei Öffnungen aufweist, wobei eine der Öffnungen einen inneren Auflagerand (314) aufweist, der als Anschlag für die erste Kondensatorarmatur (301) dient, und die andere Öffnung durch die zweite Kondensatorarmatur (311) verschlossen ist.
  18. Sicherungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Kondensatorarmatur (301) an einem zylindrischen Abschnitt (300) montiert ist, wobei die Baugruppe eine Kappe bildet, die dazu bestimmt ist, ein Ende des Stopfens (1) zu bedecken.
  19. Sicherungsverschlussvorrichtung für einen Behälter mit einem Hals, umfassend einen Stopfen (1), der dazu bestimmt ist, den Hals zu verschließen, und eine am Stopfen (1) montierte Sicherungsvorrichtung (3) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18.
  20. Behälter, umfassend einen Hals und eine Sicherungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 19, die den Hals verschließt.
  21. Behälter nach dem vorangehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er die Form einer Flasche aufweist.
  22. Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 20 und 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er einen Wein oder eine Spirituose enthält.
EP17166665.4A 2016-04-15 2017-04-13 Sicherungsvorrichtung zum sichern eines behälters Active EP3231725B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1653343A FR3050189B1 (fr) 2016-04-15 2016-04-15 Dispositif de securisation destine a securiser un recipient

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EP3231725A1 EP3231725A1 (de) 2017-10-18
EP3231725B1 true EP3231725B1 (de) 2021-12-15

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US (1) US11286092B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3231725B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2908902T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3050189B1 (de)
PT (1) PT3231725T (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111492376B (zh) * 2017-10-16 2024-01-23 Gcl国际有限公司 闭合构件
WO2019139605A1 (en) * 2018-01-12 2019-07-18 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Authentication of devices
IT201800005327A1 (it) * 2018-05-14 2019-11-14 Dispositivo di chiusura di contenitori in tecnologia NFC
EP4121898B1 (de) 2020-03-20 2024-09-11 Guala Closures S.p.A. Verschlusselement
US12091227B2 (en) 2020-03-20 2024-09-17 Guala Closures S.P.A. Closure element
EP4027278A1 (de) * 2021-01-06 2022-07-13 Nagravision S.A. Vorrichtung zur sicherung eines flaschenverschlusses, entsprechendes verfahren und computerprogrammprodukt

Family Cites Families (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4736857A (en) * 1986-11-14 1988-04-12 American Home Products Corporation Tamper indicating closure
FR2767515B3 (fr) * 1997-08-21 1999-11-12 Roany James De Capuchon pour flacon ou bouteille de parfum ou prdouit similaire
GB0207290D0 (en) * 2002-03-28 2002-05-08 Ritson Peter A Closure cap with audible warning
US20070096918A1 (en) * 2005-11-01 2007-05-03 Jorge Badillo Package opened indicating device
US8040244B2 (en) * 2008-11-07 2011-10-18 International Business Machines Corporation Closure with passive electronic sensor for tamper detection and related method
US8830076B2 (en) * 2012-11-21 2014-09-09 Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. Container having a use-evident device
FR3014856B1 (fr) 2013-12-18 2016-01-15 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositf d'obturation d'un recipient presentant un col
US11012764B2 (en) * 2014-06-04 2021-05-18 Nectar, Inc. Interrogation signal parameter configuration
FR3027700B1 (fr) * 2014-10-27 2018-01-19 Les Bouchages Delage Procede d'authentification de l'ensemble de fermeture d'un recipient
FR3031826B1 (fr) * 2015-01-21 2017-02-17 Mickael Coronado Authentification d'une bouteille et de son contenu

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Publication number Publication date
ES2908902T3 (es) 2022-05-04
EP3231725A1 (de) 2017-10-18
PT3231725T (pt) 2022-03-18
FR3050189A1 (fr) 2017-10-20
US11286092B2 (en) 2022-03-29
FR3050189B1 (fr) 2020-05-08
US20170297790A1 (en) 2017-10-19

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