EP3226276A1 - Disconnect switch suitable for medium and high voltages and disconnection method using said disconnect switch - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention describes a disconnector and a method of disconnecting electrical equipment by means of said disconnector, the latter comprising: a first contact (1); - a second contact (2), said second contact (2) comprising a contact body (21) and a contact head (22) movable relative to the contact body (21); a contact support (23) configured to support said contact body (21); a first displacement device capable of moving the contact body (21) from a closed position (F) to an open position (O), and vice versa; a second displacement device, triggerable by means of said contact support (23), capable, during a displacement of said contact body (21) from the closed position (F) to the open position (O), of temporarily maintaining during a period Dt the contact head (22) in contact with said first contact (1) and store, during this period Dt, energy, then suddenly release said stored energy to move suddenly and transiently said head contact (22) so as to break the electrical contact between the contact head (22) and said first contact (1).

Description

The present invention relates to a disconnector adapted to medium and high voltages (typically between 1kV and 550kV, or even higher than 550kV), and a disconnection method according to independent claims 1 and 15.

A function of the disconnector installations, in particular at high voltage, is to be able to connect, but above all to disconnect electrical connection elements which are generally enclosed in an enclosure filled with an insulating medium, such as sulfur hexafluoride, intended to limit the creation of arcing during the connection / disconnection of said electrical connection elements. Such installations are, for example, metal insulated switchgear (GIS) type metal-wrapped substations. Typically, a disconnector comprises a connector or movable main contact to be inserted into or removed from a fixed main connector or contact.

For some high voltage disconnector architectures, it must be required to guarantee a disconnection performance related to the power failure. As such, there is a current standard IEC 62271-102 with such performance. Currently, GIS type posts provide that under disconnectors 550 kVolts are not subjected to transfer voltage between bus systems (called BTV "B us T ransfer V oltage") of more than 20 Volts, as well as a transfer current between bus systems (called BTC " B us T ransfer C urrent") of more than 1600 amperes.

However, it is to be expected that future larger GIS-type substation installations will have to be able to be subjected to higher BTV, BTC and higher voltage values and transfer currents, and even beyond a factor of 2. It turns out that most current architectures of high voltage disconnectors reach their physical limit to ensure a performance of cutoff or more generally effective disconnection (or connection).

In order to improve the ability to break an arc contact, various solutions have been proposed.

One of these solutions is to couple said movable main contact to a movable arcing contact, the latter being intended to be inserted into or removed from a fixed arcing contact integral with said fixed contact. The fixed main contact and the fixed arcing contact are connected to a first electrical apparatus, and the movable contact and moving arcing contact are connected to a second electrical apparatus. The contacting of the main contacts and the arcing contacts closes the electrical circuit connecting the first and second electrical equipment. In contrast, the separation of said contacts opens said circuit and disconnects the first electrical equipment of the second electrical equipment.

According to this solution, the arcing contacts are used to delay the moment of appearance of an electric arc with respect to the moment of disconnection of the main contacts and to limit the duration of such an arc, in particular in order to reduce wear. fixed and mobile contacts, and a pollution of the insulating medium in which said contacts are located. Traditionally, said moving arc contact is coupled to the movable main contact by a displacement device, typically a spring device, allowing on the one hand a disconnection of the arcing contacts taking place after disconnection of the main contacts, and secondly, a sudden acceleration of the moving arcing contact to instantly increase the spacing between the fixed arcing contact and the movable arcing contact when the main contacts (fixed and mobile) are already disconnected and progressively relative distance at constant speed during a disconnection phase, ie opening of the electrical circuit connecting the first electrical apparatus to said second electrical equipment. After being suddenly accelerated, the movable arcing contact is positioned in a chamber within said movable main contact, the latter being at a final disconnection position. Such techniques are well known to those skilled in the art.

Another solution is to use a special material, such as carbon or copper-tungsten, for the movable main contact which in this case also has the arc contact function. Unlike the previous solution, a single moving contact is therefore present in the disconnector.

Other solutions are based on the use of a mechanism for increasing the relative removal speed of the contacts of said disconnector so as to minimize the duration of an electric arc between said contacts.

A problem of the disconnectors as described above is related to their use for higher voltages and currents that require higher opening speeds, difficult to achieve, for example due to the inertia of moving parts. Indeed, the higher the tension and the nominal current are high, the higher the transfer voltage (BTV) and the transfer current (BTC), and the faster the separation rate of the contacts.

An object of the present invention is to provide a disconnector adapted to high voltages and a disconnection method that increases the relative speed of removal of the main contacts so as to interrupt as quickly as possible the electric arc formed between said main contacts during the disconnection of the first and second electrical equipment, ie opening of the electrical circuit connecting said first electrical equipment to said second electrical equipment, while maintaining high dielectric performance for said main contacts, said disconnector to be more simple and effective . Another object is to provide a disconnector requiring a small number of mechanical parts for optimizing the masses of moving elements, size and disconnect speeds for said disconnector.

For this purpose, a disconnector and a disconnection method by means of a disconnector are provided according to the independent claims. Subclaims present other advantages of the invention.

• un premier contact connectable à un premier appareillage électrique ;
• un second contact connectable à un second appareillage électrique, ledit second contact comprenant un corps de contact et une tête de contact mobile par rapport au corps de contact entre une position A et une position B définies par rapport audit corps de contact, ledit corps de contact étant mobile le long d'un axe A entre une position fermée, dans laquelle ledit corps de contact et la tête de contact sont en contact avec ledit premier contact afin de connecter électriquement le premier appareillage électrique avec le second appareillage électrique et la tête de contact est en position B, et une position ouverte, dans laquelle ledit corps de contact et la tête de contact sont déconnectés dudit premier contact afin de déconnecter électriquement ledit premier appareillage électrique dudit second appareillage électrique et la tête de contact est en position B, ledit corps de contact se terminant, aussi bien en position ouverte qu'en position fermée, par ladite tête de contact montée mobile à l'extrémité du corps de contact destinée à entrer en contact avec le premier contact à ladite position fermée, ladite tête de contact étant notamment mobile axialement selon ledit axe A, l'autre extrémité dudit corps de contact étant fixée à un support de contact. Préférentiellement, la position A est une position éloignée dudit corps de contact et la position B est une position rapprochée dudit corps de contact, notamment à laquelle la tête de contact est plaquée contre le corps de contact de façon à rompre le contact électrique entre la tête de contact et ledit premier contact. En particulier, la tête de contact est montée coulissante par rapport au corps de contact entre la position A éloignée dudit corps de contact et la position B rapprochée dudit corps de contact, et vice versa. Selon la présente invention, l'ouverture dudit sectionneur destinée à déconnecter électriquement ledit premier appareillage dudit second appareillage est effectuée par déplacement du corps de contact de la position fermée à la position ouverte, la fermeture étant réalisée par déplacement du corps de contact de la position ouverte à la position fermée;

• ledit support de contact, destiné à supporter ledit corps de contact, mobile avec ce dernier le long dudit axe A, comprenant une première extrémité et une seconde extrémité selon ledit axe A, ladite première extrémité étant solidaire de ladite autre extrémité dudit corps de contact et ladite seconde extrémité étant éloignée axialement dudit corps de contact selon ledit axe A. En particulier, ladite seconde extrémité est configurée pour actionner un second dispositif de déplacement de la tête de contact lors d'un déplacement du corps de contact de la position fermée à la position ouverte;
• un premier dispositif de déplacement capable de déplacer le corps de contact de la position fermée à la position ouverte, et vice versa, ledit premier dispositif de déplacement étant notamment capable de déplacer le corps de contact à une vitesse V(t) en fonction du temps t qui est faible, typiquement de l'ordre du mm/s, voire constante ;
• ledit second dispositif de déplacement, déclenchable au moyen dudit support de contact, capable, lors d'un déplacement dudit corps de contact de la position fermée à la position ouverte, de déplacer la tête de contact de la position B à la position A tout en emmagasinant de l'énergie et de façon à ce que seule la tête de contact soit maintenue en contact avec ledit premier contact, puis de relâcher subitement ladite énergie emmagasinée afin de déplacer brusquement et transitoirement, en particulier transitoirement à une vitesse V'(t) supérieure à la vitesse V(t), ladite tête de contact de la position A à la position B de façon à rompre le contact entre la tête de contact et ledit premier contact. En particulier, le déplacement transitoire de ladite tête de contact à ladite vitesse V'(t) > V(t) entre ladite position A et ladite position B a lieu durant un intervalle de temps [t'1, t'2] compris dans l'intervalle de temps [t1, t2] nécessaire au déplacement dudit corps de contact entre ladite position fermée et ladite position ouverte. En particulier, lors de l'ouverture dudit sectionneur, ledit second dispositif de déplacement est ainsi capable, dans un premier temps, de maintenir la tête de contact en contact avec le premier contact lorsque le corps de contact s'éloigne dudit premier contact, provoquant autrement dit un éloignement de la tête de contact relativement au corps de contact lorsque ce dernier s'éloigne du premier contact et jusqu'à ce que la tête de contact soit à ladite position A éloignée dudit corps de contact, puis, dans un second temps, une fois cette position A atteinte, de brusquement ramener la tête de contact à sa position B rapprochée dudit corps de contact, permettant ainsi une déconnexion électrique très rapide dudit premier circuit et dudit second circuit.

The present invention thus relates in particular to a disconnector adapted to high voltages and comprising:

• a first contact connectable to a first electrical equipment;
• a second contact connectable to a second electrical apparatus, said second contact comprising a body of contact and a movable contact head relative to the contact body between a position A and a position B defined with respect to said contact body, said contact body being movable along an axis A between a closed position, wherein said contact body and the contact head are in contact with said first contact for electrically connecting the first electrical equipment with the second electrical equipment and the contact head is in position B, and an open position, wherein said contact body and the contact head are disconnected from said first contact in order to electrically disconnect said first electrical equipment from said second electrical equipment and the contact head is in position B, said contact body terminating, both in the open position and in the closed position, by said contact head movably mounted at the end of the contact body intended to come into contact with the first contact act at said closed position, said contact head being in particular axially movable along said axis A, the other end of said contact body being fixed to a contact support. Preferably, the position A is a position remote from said contact body and the position B is a position close to said contact body, in particular to which the contact head is pressed against the contact body so as to break the electrical contact between the head. contact and said first contact. In particular, the contact head is slidably mounted relative to the contact body between the position A remote from said contact body and the position B close to said contact body, and vice versa. According to the present invention, the opening of said disconnector for electrically disconnecting said first apparatus from said second apparatus is effected by displacement of the contact body from the closed position to the open position, the closure being effected by moving the contact body from the open position to the closed position;

• said contact support, intended to support said movable contact body with the latter along said axis A, comprising a first end and a second end along said axis A, said first end being integral with said other end of said contact body and said second end being axially remote from said contact body along said axis A. In particular, said second end is configured to actuate a second device for moving the contact head during a displacement of the contact body from the closed position to the open position;
• a first displacement device capable of moving the contact body from the closed position to the open position, and vice versa, said first displacement device being able in particular to move the contact body at a speed V (t) as a function of time t which is weak, typically of the order of mm / s, or even constant;
• said second moving device, triggerable by means of said contact support, capable, during a displacement of said contact body from the closed position to the open position, of moving the contact head from position B to position A while storing energy and so that only the contact head is kept in contact with said first contact, then suddenly releasing said stored energy to move suddenly and transiently, particularly transiently at a speed V '(t) greater than the speed V (t), said contact head from the position A to the position B so as to break the contact between the contact head and said first contact. In particular, the transient displacement of said contact head at said speed V '(t)> V (t) between said position A and said position B takes place during a time interval [t'1, t'2] included in the time interval [t1, t2] necessary for the displacement of said contact body between said closed position and said open position. In particular, when opening said disconnector, said second displacement device is thus capable, in a first step, of keeping the contact head in contact with the first contact when the contact body moves away from said first contact, causing in other words a distance of the contact head relative to the contact body when the latter moves away from the first contact and until the contact head is at said position A away from said contact body, then, in a second step once this position has been reached, abruptly bringing back the contact head to its position B close to said contact body, thus allowing a very rapid electrical disconnection of said first circuit and said second circuit.

Figure 1-6 :

représentation schématique et chronologique d'une ouverture d'un sectionneur selon l'invention.

In order to better understand the present invention and to illustrate it, an embodiment of a disconnector according to the invention is provided by means of the Figures 1-6 which present chronologically the opening of said disconnector according to the invention:

Figure 1-6:

schematic and chronological representation of an opening of a disconnector according to the invention.

The figure 1 shows an embodiment of a disconnector according to the invention. The latter is shown in the closed position. The Figures 2 to 6 show the same disconnector at different times when it opens. The same references apply to the same elements of the disconnector throughout its opening illustrated by the Figures 2 to 6 .

The disconnector according to the invention makes it possible to connect a first electrical equipment to a second electrical equipment when it is in the closed position as presented in FIG. figure 1 and disconnecting said first electrical equipment from said second electrical equipment when in the open position as presented in FIG. figure 6 .

The disconnector, said first electrical equipment and said second electrical equipment are typically encapsulated in an interrupting chamber comprising an insulating medium such as sulfur hexafluoride, said first electrical equipment being for example located at an upstream end of said disconnector and said second electrical equipment being located for example at a downstream end of said disconnector.

The disconnector according to the invention comprises in particular a first contact 1 connectable to the first electrical equipment and a second contact 2 connectable to said second electrical equipment. The first contact 1 comprises at least one fixed part 1 ', ie immobile with respect to the interrupting chamber, and may optionally also comprise a mobile part 11 with respect to said fixed part 1'. The second contact 2 comprises a mobile part and a fixed part 2 '. The fixed part 2 'of the second contact 2 is sufficiently far away from the first contact 1 to prevent any electric arc between the first contact and the second contact. The moving part of the second contact 2 comprises a contact body 21 and a contact head 22 mounted movably between a position A and a position B defined with respect to the contact body 21. An electrical contact 29 between the contact head 22 and the contact body 21, for example a sliding electrical contact, allows in particular the passage of current between the contact head and the contact body. The position A is in particular a remote position, for example the farthest, of said contact body 21, and the position B is a close position, for example the closest, of said contact body 21. The contact body 21 is it -even movably mounted along an axis A between a closed position F and an open position O. In the closed position F, said contact body 21 and the contact head 22 are in contact with said first contact 1 in order to connect electrically the fixed part 1 'of the first contact 1 with the fixed part 2' of the second contact 2, or in other words the first electrical equipment with the second electrical equipment, the contact head 22 being in position B when the contact body 21 is in closed position. In the open position 0, said contact body 21 and the contact head 22 are disconnected from said first contact 1 in order to electrically disconnect from each other the fixed part 1 'of the first contact 1 and the fixed part 2' of the second contact 2, or in other words, said first electrical equipment of said second electrical equipment, the contact head 22 being in position B when the contact body 21 is in the open position.

According to the present invention, the contact body 21 terminates, both in the open position 0 and in the closed position F, by said contact head 22 mounted to move at one end of said contact body 21, the other end of said body contact 21 being fixed to a contact support 23. In particular, the contact head 22 is slidably mounted with respect to the contact body 21 so as to be able to slide between the position A remote from said contact body 21 and the close position B said contact body 21, and vice versa. Preferably, of the contact body 21 and the contact head 22, only the contact head 22 faces said first contact 1, so that a front view of the contact body 21 equipped with the contact head mounted on the latter only makes the contact head 22 appear. In fact, according to the present invention, said contact body 21 comprises a front part against which the contact head 22 is pressed in the close-up position B, said front part being in particular completely covered by said contact head 22 when the latter is in position B so as to prevent frontal contact between the first contact 1 and the contact body 21, in particular between the contact body 21 and the mobile part 11 of the first contact 1 , the contact body 21 being configured to contact only laterally via its lateral part said first contact 1, for example its fixed contacts 1 ', for example by means of of lateral electrical contacts 12 integral with the fixed contacts 1 'of the first contact 1.

The contact support 23 according to the invention is intended to support said contact body 21. Preferably, said contact body 21 and the contact support 23 are arranged in the extension of one another along said axis A and can have a substantially elongate shape extending along said axis A. The contact support 23 comprises a first end and a second end, said first end being integral with said other end of said contact body 21 and said second end being axially remote from said contact body 21 along said axis A. 6. In particular, said second end of the contact support 23 is configured to interact with a second displacement device in order to trigger a displacement of the contact head 22 such that will be described later.

The disconnector according to the invention comprises a first displacement device capable of displacing, preferably simultaneously, the moving part of the second contact 2 and / or the moving part of the first contact 1. In particular, the first displacement device is capable of displacing the contact body 21 from the closed position F to the open position 0, and vice versa, at a speed V (t) as a function of time t. Such a first moving device is known to those skilled in the art is does not require further explanation.

• un élément 24 fixé à la tête de contact 22 et s'étendant selon ledit axe A au moins jusqu'à ladite seconde extrémité dudit support de contact 23, ledit élément 24 étant notamment solidaire de ladite tête de contact 22 de façon à pouvoir mouvoir cette dernière, par exemple en la coulissant de la position A à la position B et vice versa, ledit élément 24 s'étendant, préférentiellement selon ledit axe A, depuis la tête de contact 22 en direction de ladite seconde extrémité du support de contact 23 et coopérant, notamment au voisinage de ladite seconde extrémité du support de contact 23, avec un système de blocage 25;
• ledit système de blocage 25 comprenant deux états, respectivement un premier état configuré pour bloquer temporairement un déplacement dudit élément 24 dans une direction axiale selon ledit axe A, ladite direction axiale s'éloignant dudit premier contact 1, lors du déplacement du corps de contact 21 de la position fermée F à la position ouverte 0, et un second état configuré pour autoriser un déplacement dudit élément 24 dans ladite direction axiale lors du déplacement du corps de contact 21 de la position fermée F à la position ouverte 0, le second état succédant chronologiquement au premier état lors dudit déplacement du corps de contact 21 de la position fermée F à la position ouverte 0;
• un système mécanique 26 accouplé audit élément 24 et audit support de contact 23 de façon à emmagasiner ladite énergie, par exemple de l'énergie potentielle préférentiellement mécanique ou élastique, pendant le blocage temporaire dudit élément 24 par le système de blocage 25 lors du déplacement du corps de contact 21 de la position fermée F à la position ouverte 0, ledit système mécanique étant configuré pour libérer ladite énergie dès que le système de blocage est dans le second état, i.e. dès que ce dernier autorise le déplacement dudit élément 24.

On the other hand, the present invention proposes a second device of displacement of a new kind which makes it possible to implement in a simple and fast way a break of the electrical connection between the moving part of the second contact and the first contact, for example between the moving parts of the first and second contacts. This second displacement device is in particular triggerable by said contact support 23, and comprises one or more of the following devices:

• an element 24 fixed to the contact head 22 and extending along said axis A at least to said second end of said contact support 23, said element 24 being in particular integral with said contact head 22 so as to be able to move this last, for example by sliding from position A to position B and vice versa, said element 24 extending, preferably along said axis A, from the contact head 22 towards said second end of the contact support 23 and cooperating, in particular in the vicinity of said second end of the contact support 23, with a locking system 25;
• said locking system 25 comprising two states, respectively a first state configured to temporarily block a displacement of said member 24 in an axial direction along said axis A, said axial direction away from said first contact 1, during the displacement of the contact body 21 from the closed position F to the open position 0, and a second state configured to allow movement of said member 24 in said axial direction as the contact body 21 is moved from the closed position F to the open position 0, the second succeeding state chronologically at the first state during said displacement of the contact body 21 from the closed position F to the open position 0;
• a mechanical system 26 coupled to said element 24 and said contact support 23 so as to store said energy, for example preferably mechanical or elastic potential energy, during the temporary blocking of said element 24 by the locking system 25 during the movement of the contact body 21 from the closed position F to the open position 0, said mechanical system being configured to release said energy as soon as the blocking system is in the second state, ie as soon as the latter authorizes the displacement of said element 24.

The second displacement device according to the invention is thus capable, during a displacement of said contact body 21 from the closed position F to the open position 0, of temporarily holding, for example during a period of time Dt, the head of contact 22 in contact with said first contact 1 in particular by moving the latter from position B to position A relative to the contact body 21 (ie with respect to a frame linked to the contact body 21), while storing during this movement from position B to position A, ie during said period of time Dt, energy, then suddenly release, at the end of said displacement of the position B to the position A, or at the end of the period of time Dt, said energy stored in order to abruptly and transiently move said contact head 22 from position A to position B so as to break the electrical contact between the contact head 22 and said first contact 1, for example between the contact head and the moving part of said first contact . Preferably, during the energy storing phase, only the contact head 22 is kept in contact with said first contact 1.

Preferably, said second displacement device makes it possible to move said contact head 22 at a speed V '(t)> V (t) during the transient movement of said position A to said position B, said displacement taking place during a time interval [t'1, t'2] included in the time interval [t1, t2] necessary for the displacement of said contact body 21 between said closed position F and said open position 0. According to the present invention, the triggering of the displacement of the contact head from the position A to the position B is implemented by interaction of the contact support 23 with said second displacement device. In particular, a displacement, by said first displacement device, of the contact support 23 along said axis A in the opposite direction of said first contact 1 is able to cause an interaction of said contact support 23 with the locking system 25 causing a change in state of said blocking system 25 from first to second state, and a displacement, by said first displacement device, of the contact support 23 in a direction along said axis A approaching said first contact 1 being able to pass the blocking system 25 of the second to the first state.

Preferably, said interaction is an interaction between a surface of said contact support 23 and said blocking system 25, for example between said surface and hooks 251 of said blocking system 25. In fact, according to a preferred embodiment, the locking system 25 locking comprises a hook 251 movable from a locking position to an unlocking position and vice versa, which, when the locking system 25 is in said first state, is positioned in the locking position adapted to block a displacement of said element 24 in a direction along said axis A away from said first contact 1, and, when the locking system 25 is in said second state, is positioned in the unlocking position adapted to allow movement of said member 24 in the direction according to said axis A away from said first contact. According to the present invention, the displacement of said hook 251 between its locking position and its unlocking position is caused by said interaction of said surface of said contact support 23 and a portion of said hook 251.

For example, said hook 251 is provided with a wheel 252 configured to interact with an interaction surface S of said contact support 23, the interaction of said interaction surface S with said wheel 252 being able to cause a movement of said hook 251, in particular a pivoting around a ball joint 3 secured to a support base 4 of said disconnector, from said locking position to said position of unlocking, when said interaction surface S is in translation along said axis A by displacement of the contact support 23 in the direction along said axis A away from the first contact 1. Preferably, said contact support 23 comprises a first surface S1 of external support for said wheel 252, for example a cylindrical surface, and optionally a second surface S2 of external support for said wheel 252, for example a cylindrical surface, the first surface S1, and optionally the second surface S2, being formed of a set of line segments parallel to said axis A, said interaction surface S joining for example said first surface S1 by describing a bias with respect thereto. Optionally, the interaction surface S joins the first surface S1 to said second surface S2 by describing said bias with respect to said first and second surfaces, and therefore in particular with respect to said axis A. According to this preferred embodiment, the displacement of said wheel 252 on said bias of the interaction surface S causes a displacement of said hook 251 from the locking position to the unlocking position or vice versa in the direction of movement of said contact support 23 by said first moving device. Thus, according to the present invention, a displacement of a part of the locking system, for example the wheel of said hook, on the interaction surface of the contact support 23 causes a radial distance relative to said axis A which triggers the release of the blocking system, ie the transition from the first state to the second state.

Preferably, the locking system 25 comprises biasing means, for example elastic or spring loaded, configured to exert a force or moment of force on said hook 251 so as to oppose a movement, by example by pivoting, said hook 251 from the locking position to said unlocking position. Optionally, said element 24 extends from one of its ends secured to the contact head 22 through the contact body 21 and the contact support 23 to the other end thereof axially distant from said contact head. 22 and configured to cooperate with the locking system. In particular, said element 24 comprises at least one rod, preferably several rods, extending along said axis A beyond said second end of the contact support 23 and passing therethrough from one side to the other. In particular, said rod ends, at the end closest to said second end of said contact body 23, by a locking washer 28 adapted to interact with said locking means 25, for example with said hook 251.

We will now describe in more detail the operation of said disconnector according to the invention, in particular the opening of said disconnector for disconnection of the first electrical equipment of the second electrical equipment.

The figure 1 shows the disconnector according to the invention in the closed position. The current can pass from the fixed contact 2 'to the fixed contact 1'via mainly the contact body 21 and secondarily the contact head 22 in contact with the movable portion 11 of said second contact. In this closed position, the mechanical system 26 is expanded, for example, a spring 261 of said mechanical system is expanded. The locking system 25 is in particular already in the blocking position, ready to interact with the contact support 23 when the latter will move away in a direction opposite to said first contact 1.

• Une première phase, illustrée en figure 2, montre un déplacement simultané vers l'amont de la partie mobile 11 dudit premier contact 1 et de la partie mobile du second contact 2 par rapport aux parties fixes 1', 2' du premier contact 1 et du second contact 2. Ce déplacement provoque notamment une déconnexion du corps de contact 23 d'un contact électrique latéral 12 configuré pour contacter latéralement une partie latérale du corps de contact 21 avec la partie fixe 1' du premier contact 1 lorsque ce dernier est en position fermée, alors que la tête de contact 22 reste constamment en contact avec la partie mobile 11 du premier contact 1 tout au long dudit déplacement de la première phase. Ledit contact latéral est en particulier un contact solidaire de la partie fixe 1' du premier contact 1, par exemple un contact ressort. Ledit déplacement de la première phase est notamment mis en oeuvre par le premier dispositif de déplacement comme expliqué précédemment.
• Une seconde phase, illustrée par la figure 3, comprend la poursuite du déplacement vers l'amont dudit corps de contact 21 au moyen dudit premier dispositif de déplacement, durant laquelle la tête de contact 22 est maintenue en contact avec le premier contact 1, en particulier avec la partie mobile 11 dudit premier contact 1, par le second dispositif de déplacement configuré pour emmagasiner de l'énergie durant le maintien du contact entre la tête de contact 22 et le premier contact 1. Durant cette seconde phase, la tête de contact 22 passe de la position B rapprochée dudit corps de contact 21 à la position A éloignée dudit corps de contact 21. En particulier, ladite partie mobile 11 et la tête de contact 22 sont maintenues immobiles et en contact l'une avec l'autre, par exemple par le système de blocage 25 dudit second dispositif de déplacement tel que décrit précédemment, alors que le corps de contact 21 poursuit son déplacement vers l'amont l'éloignant toujours un peu plus dudit premier contact 1. Ladite énergie est par exemple une énergie potentielle élastique résultant de la compression du ressort 261 du système mécanique 26 par le support de contact 23, ledit ressort 261 étant notamment accouplé audit support de contact 23 et audit élément 24 fixé à ladite tête de contact 22. Durant cette seconde phase, et en particulier, les roulettes 252 sont en contact avec et se déplacent sur la première surface S1.
• Une troisième phase, illustrée par les figures 4 et 5, comprend la rupture dû contact électrique entre la tête de contact 22 et le premier contact 1, notamment entre la tête de contact 22 et la partie mobile 11 dudit premier contact 1, par déclenchement dudit second dispositif de déplacement au moyen du support de contact 23 fixé audit corps de contact 21, ladite tête de contact 22 passant alors de la position A (cf. Fig. 4) à la position B (cf. Fig. 5), pendant que le corps de contact poursuit son déplacement vers l'amont, i.e. dans une direction s'éloignant dudit premier contact 1. Comme expliqué précédemment, le déclenchement dudit second dispositif est préférentiellement provoqué par interaction du second dispositif de déplacement avec le support de contact 23 lors du déplacement de ce dernier vers l'amont, ladite interaction provoquant un relâchement subit de ladite énergie et ladite rupture de contact. Ainsi qu'illustré par les figures 4 et 5, durant cette troisième phase et en particulier, les roulettes 252 se déplacent de la première surface S1 à la seconde surface S2 en passant par ladite surface d'interaction S. Ce déplacement sur la surface d'interaction ou autrement dit le passage de la première surface S1 à la seconde surface S2 provoque un éloignement radial des roulettes 252 par rapport à l'axe A, cet éloignement radial provoquant lui-même un mouvement, par exemple pivotement, des crochets 251 autour de la rotule 3, i.e. provoquent le changement d'état dudit système de blocage, ce dernier passant du premier état au second état. Le crochets 251 qui, jusqu'alors, maintenait l'élément 24 et la tête de contact immobiles par rapport à la partie fixe 2' du second contact, libère ledit élément 24, autorisant par la même occasion la libération de l'énergie emmagasinée par le système mécanique, par exemple la détente dudit ressort 261, qui provoque un déplacement dudit élément 24 de l'aval vers l'amont tel que représenté par la flèche f en figure 4, et conséquemment, un déplacement de la tête de contact 22 de la position A à la position B.
• Une quatrième phase, illustrée par la figure 6, comprend un déplacement vers l'amont de la tête de contact en position B et du corps de contact 23 jusqu'à déconnexion du corps de contact 21 d'un autre contact électrique latéral 27 configuré pour contacter latéralement la partie latérale du corps de contact 21 avec la partie fixe 2' du second contact (2) lorsque ce dernier est en position fermée. Le déplacement vers l'amont de la quatrième phase s'achève lorsque le corps de contact 21 est déconnecté électriquement dudit autre contact latéral 27 et se trouve, avec la tête de contact 22, en retrait à l'intérieur du contact fixe 2' dudit second contact.

When opening the disconnector according to the invention, the first displacement device will move the movable portion of said second contact from a downstream position, called "closed position", to which it is in contact with said first contact 1, to an upstream position, called "open position", to which the movable portion 11 of the first contact 1 and the movable portion of the second contact 2 are disconnected from one another. Note that during the connection, the reverse movement is performed by means of said second displacement device. The opening of the disconnector according to the invention, and therefore the disconnection of the first electrical equipment from the second electrical equipment, comprises chronologically the following phases illustrated by the Figures 2 to 6 :

• A first phase, illustrated in figure 2 , shows a simultaneous upstream movement of the movable portion 11 of said first contact 1 and the movable portion of the second contact 2 relative to the fixed parts 1 ', 2' of the first contact 1 and the second contact 2. This displacement causes including a disconnection of the contact body 23 from a lateral electrical contact 12 configured to laterally contact a lateral portion of the contact body 21 with the fixed portion 1 'of the first contact 1 when the latter is in the closed position, while the head of contact 22 remains in constant contact with the movable portion 11 of the first contact 1 throughout said movement of the first phase. Said lateral contact is in particular a solid contact of the fixed part 1 'of the first contact 1, for example a spring contact. Said displacement of the first phase is in particular implemented by the first displacement device as explained above.
• A second phase, illustrated by figure 3 , comprises the further upstream displacement of said contact body 21 by means of said first displacement device, during which the contact head 22 is kept in contact with the first contact 1, in particular with the mobile part 11 said first contact 1, by the second displacement device configured to store energy during the maintenance of contact between the contact head 22 and the first contact 1. During this second phase, the contact head 22 passes from position B brought closer to said contact body 21 at the position A away from said contact body 21. In particular, said movable portion 11 and the contact head 22 are held stationary and in contact with each other, for example by the control system. blocking said second displacement device as described above, while the contact body 21 continues its upstream movement away still a little more than said first contact 1. Said energy is for example a potential elastic energy resulting from the compression of the spring 261 of the mechanical system 26 by the contact support 23, said spring 261 being in particular coupled to said contact support 23 and to said element 24 fixed said contact head 22. During this second phase, and in particular, the rollers 252 are in contact with and move on the first surface S1.
• A third phase, illustrated by Figures 4 and 5 , comprises the breaking of electrical contact between the contact head 22 and the first contact 1, in particular between the contact head 22 and the mobile part 11 of said first contact 1, by triggering of said second displacement device by means of the contact support 23 attached to said contact body 21, said contact head 22 then passing from the position A (cf. Fig. 4 ) at position B (cf. Fig. 5 ), while the contact body continues to move upstream, ie in a direction away from said first contact 1. As explained above, the triggering of said second device is preferentially caused by interaction of the second displacement device with the support contact 23 during the displacement of the latter upstream, said interaction causing a sudden relaxation of said energy and said contact break. As illustrated by the Figures 4 and 5 , during this third phase and in particular, the casters 252 move from the first surface S1 to the second surface S2 through said interaction surface S. This displacement on the interaction surface or in other words the passage from the first surface S1 to the second surface S2 causes a radial distance casters 252 with respect to the axis A, this radial distance causing itself a movement, for example pivoting hooks 251 around the ball 3, ie cause the change of state of said locking system, the latter passing from first state to second state. The hooks 251, which hitherto kept the element 24 and the contact head stationary relative to the fixed part 2 'of the second contact, releases said element 24, thereby permitting the release of the energy stored by the mechanical system, for example the expansion of said spring 261, which causes a displacement of said element 24 from downstream to upstream as represented by the arrow f in figure 4 , and consequently, a displacement of the contact head 22 from position A to position B.
• A fourth phase, illustrated by figure 6 , comprises an upstream displacement of the contact head in position B and the contact body 23 until disconnection of the contact body 21 from another lateral electrical contact 27 configured to contact laterally the lateral part of the contact body 21 with the fixed part 2 'of the second contact (2) when the latter is in the closed position. The upstream displacement of the fourth phase is completed when the contact body 21 is electrically disconnected from said other lateral contact 27 and is, with the contact head 22, recessed inside the fixed contact 2 'of said second contact.

A connection of said disconnector takes place simply in the reverse order, ie from the fourth phase to the first phase, until connection of said contact body 23 with the fixed part 1 'of the first contact.

According to the present invention, the contact head 22 has a mushroom shape, ie has a substantially cylindrical trunk configured to slide in the contact body 21 and be attached to said element 24, said trunk being surmounted by a half-shaped cap. sphere or part of sphere whose center is directed towards the trunk, in particular towards the central longitudinal axis of said trunk. The contact body 21 is preferably cylindrical, hollow around said axis A, to allow movement in translation of said element 24 and said trunk during movement along said axis A upstream downstream. Said cap covers in particular completely the end of said contact body 21 which is closest to said first contact 1. In this case, the movable portion 11 of said second contact has a shape complementary to said cap, for example has a concave shape. Alternatively, the cap of said contact head has a concave shape and said movable portion 11 of said first contact 1 has a spherical shape. According to a preferred embodiment, the moving part of said first contact also comprises a movable contact head with respect to a contact body, the second displacement device being designed to move in the opposite direction and simultaneously the contact head 22 of the second contact. and the contact head of said first contact during an opening of said disconnector.

Thus, the present invention proposes a new design of a disconnector, for which only a portion of the moving contact is set in rapid motion, which has the advantage of greatly reducing the inertia, and allows to achieve speeds of opening much larger compared to existing techniques, all with little accumulation energy.

Claims (15)

Disconnector adapted to high voltages, said isolator comprising: a first contact (1); - a second contact (2) comprising a movable part and a fixed part (2 '), said movable part comprising a contact body (21) and a contact head (22) movable relative to the contact body (21); a contact support (23) configured to support said contact body (21); a first displacement device capable of moving the contact body (21) along an axis A from a closed position (F) to an open position (0), and vice versa; a second displacement device, triggerable by means of said contact support (23), capable, during a displacement of said contact body (21) from the closed position (F) to the open position (0), of temporarily maintaining the contact head (22) in contact with said first contact (1) while storing energy, then suddenly releasing said stored energy to transiently move said contact head (22) to a position A away from said body contacting a position B close to said contact body so as to break the electrical contact between the contact head (22) and said first contact (1). Disconnector according to claim 1, wherein said contact body (21) terminates, both in the open position (0) and in the closed position (F), by said contact head (22) mounted movably at one end of said body contact (21), the other end of said body of contact (21) being fixed to said contact support (23), the latter comprising a first end and a second end, said first end being integral with said other end of said contact body (21) and said second end being axially distant from said body contact (21). Disconnector according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said second displacement device comprises an element (24) fixed to the contact head (22) and extending along said axis A at least as far as said second end of said contact support (23). Disconnector according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the contact head (22) is slidably attached to the contact body (21). Disconnector according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said contact head (22) has a speed V '(t)> V (t) during the transient movement of said position A to said position B, said displacement occurring during a time interval [t'1, t'2] included in the time interval [t1, t2] necessary for the displacement of said contact body (21) between said closed position (F) and said open position (0). Disconnector according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said second displacement device comprises: said element (24) integral with said contact head (22) so as to be able to move the latter, said element (24) extending from one end integral with the contact head (22) through the contact body (21) and the contact support (23) to one end axially remote from said contact head (22) and configured to cooperate with a locking system; said locking system (25) comprising two states, respectively a first state configured to temporarily block a displacement of said element (24) in an axial direction (f) along said axis A away from said first contact (1) and a second a state configured to allow movement of said member (24) in said axial direction; a mechanical system (26) coupled to said element (24) and said contact support (23) so as to store said energy during the temporary blocking of said element (24) by the locking system (25). Disconnector according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the contact carrier (21) is configured to trigger the second device for moving the contact head (22). Disconnector according to one of claims 6 to 7, wherein the contact carrier (23) is configured to interact with the locking system (25) by translation along said axis A, a displacement of the contact support (23) in a direction according to said axis A away from the first contact (1) being adapted to pass the locking system (25) from the first to the second state and a displacement of the contact support (23) in a direction along said axis A approaching said first contact (1) being adapted to pass the blocking system (25) from the second to the first state. Disconnector according to one of claims 6 to 8, for which part of the locking system (25) is configured to move on an interaction surface (S) of the contact support (23) so as to cause a radial displacement of said portion relative to said axis A. Disconnector according to one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the locking system (25) comprises a hook (251) movable from a locking position to an unlocking position and vice versa. The disconnector of claim 10, wherein said hook (251) is provided with a wheel (252) configured to interact with an interaction surface (S) of said contact carrier (23). Disconnector according to one of claims 10 or 11, wherein the locking system (25) comprises biasing means configured to exert a force on said hook (251). Disconnector according to one of claims 11 to 12, wherein said contact support (23) comprises a first surface (SI) of external support for said wheel (252), said interaction surface (S) joining said first surface (SI ) by describing a bias with respect to said first surface (SI). Disconnector according to one of claims 1 to 12, for which only the contact head (22) faces said first contact (1) regardless of the position of the contact body (21). Method of disconnecting a first electrical apparatus from a second electrical apparatus by means of a disconnector to which they are connected, said disconnector comprising a first contact (1) connected to the first electrical equipment and comprising a movable part (11) and a fixed part (1 '), a second contact (2) connected to the second electrical equipment and comprising a movable part and a fixed part ( 2 '), a first displacement device capable of moving the movable portion of said second contact from a downstream position, to which it is in contact with said first contact (1) at an upstream position, to which the movable portion (11) of the first contact (1) and the moving part of the second contact (2) are disconnected from each other, and vice versa, said movable portion of the second contact (2) comprising a contact body (21) and a head contact method (22), the method according to the invention comprising chronologically the following steps when disconnecting the first electrical equipment from the second electrical equipment: a simultaneous upstream movement of the mobile part (11) of said first contact (1) and of the moving part of the second contact (2) by means of a first displacement device, the contact head (22) remaining constantly in contact with the moving part (11) of the first contact (1) during said movement; a continuation of the displacement upstream of said contact body (21), during which the contact head (22) is kept in contact with the first contact (1) by a second displacement device configured to store energy during the maintenance of contact between the contact head (22) and the first contact (1); a rupture of the electrical contact between the contact head (22) and the first contact (1) by triggering of said second displacement device by means of a contact support (23) fixed to said contact body (21), triggering said second device being caused by upstream displacement of said contact support (23) configured to cause interaction with the second moving device; a displacement upstream of the contact head in a position pressed against the contact body (21) and a continuation of the displacement upstream of said movable part of said second contact (2) until disconnection of said first apparatus of said second electrical equipment.

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