EP3142134A1 - System to assist with the detection of a failure of a disconnector suitable for medium and high voltages - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a system for assisting in the detection of a failure of a disconnector, said disconnector comprising a first displacement device (4) configured to move an element (41) of the disconnector from a first upstream position to a first downstream position, at least one fixed contact (2) and at least one movable contact (3) between a second upstream position in which said movable contact (3) is in contact with said fixed contact (2) and a second position swallowed in wherein said movable contact (3) is disconnected from said fixed contact (2), a second displacement device (5) coupled to said first displacement device (4) so as to store energy as soon as said element (41) is set in motion (41). ) from upstream to downstream to suddenly release said stored energy in order to move said movable contact (3) from the second upstream position towards said second downstream position, said detection aid system n including: - A first stop (71) intended to be fixed to a base of said.sector so as to be stationary during movement of the movable contact (3) and / or said element (41); a second stop (72) intended to be fixed to said moving contact (3); a body (8) which can be coupled to said first displacement device (4) via an attachment point (83) so that said body (8) and said element (41) are simultaneously drivable in movement by said first device (4); displacement (4), said body including a first end (81) configured to interact with said first stop (71) and a second end (82) configured to interact with said second stop (72) so that, in the case of failure of said second displacement device (5), said first end (81) and said second end (82) abut respectively against the first stop (71) and the second stop (72) at the opening of said disconnector, so as to locking said member (41) at an intermediate position between the first upstream position and the first downstream position, thereby allowing a position indicator (6) of said member (41) to signal a failure.

Description

The present invention relates to a system for assisting in the detection of a failure of a disconnector adapted to high voltages A (HTA - typically between 1kV and 52kV) and high voltages B (HTB - typically greater than 52kV) and a method detection device for detecting a failure of a system for moving an arc contact or a main contact of a disconnector according to the preamble of claims 1 and 5.

A function of circuit breaker or disconnector installations, in particular at high voltage, is to be able to connect, but above all to disconnect electrical connection elements which are generally enclosed in an enclosure filled with an insulating medium, such as sulfur hexafluoride, intended to limit the creation of arcing during the connection / disconnection of said electrical connection elements. Such installations are, for example, metal insulated switchgear (GIS) type metal-wrapped substations. Typically, a disconnector comprises a connector or movable main contact to be inserted into or removed from a fixed main connector or contact, said movable main contact being generally coupled to a movable arcing contact, the latter being intended to be inserted into or removed from a fixed arc contact with said fixed contact. In some cases, the movable main contact may also have the arcing contact function, and in this case, a single moving contact is present in the disconnector. The fixed main contact and the fixed arcing contact are connected to a first electrical apparatus, and the movable contact and moving arcing contact are connected to a second electrical apparatus. The contacting of the main contacts and the arcing contacts closes the electrical circuit connecting the first and second electrical equipment. In contrast, the separation of said contacts opens said circuit and disconnects the first electrical equipment of the second electrical equipment. One of said electrical equipment may for example be an earthing system in the case of a earthing switch.

Arc contacts are conventionally used to delay the moment of appearance of an electric arc with respect to the moment of disconnection of the main contacts and to limit the duration of such an arc, in particular in order to reduce wear of the fixed contacts. and mobile, and a pollution of the insulating medium in which said contacts are located. Traditionally, said movable arcing contact is coupled to the movable main contact by a displacement device, typically a spring device, allowing on the one hand a disconnection of the arcing contacts taking place after disconnection of the main contacts, and on the other hand on the other hand, a sudden acceleration of the moving arcing contact making it possible to instantly increase the spacing between the fixed arcing contact and the movable arcing contact when the main contacts (fixed and mobile) are already disconnected and gradually moving away from each other at a constant speed during a disconnection phase, ie opening of the electrical circuit connecting the first electrical equipment to said second electrical equipment. After being suddenly accelerated, the movable arcing contact is positioned in a chamber within said movable main contact, the latter being at a final disconnection position. Such techniques are well known to those skilled in the art.

A problem of the disconnectors comprising fixed and movable contacts as previously described is related to the failure of the device for moving the movable arcing contact, for example a failure of the spring equipping said device thus preventing the sudden acceleration of the contact. moving arc during the phase of removal of the main contacts after their disconnection and its displacement of the position in contact with the fixed arcing contact at a position inside said moving main contact. For example, a break in said spring disturbs the displacement of the movable arcing contact which may be partially in said chamber within said movable main contact causing a dangerous malfunction of the disconnector. Indeed, a portion of said moving arcing contact can then protrude out of said chamber, thereby decreasing the separation distance between the fixed and moving contacts and allowing the creation of an electric arc between said movable arcing contact and a contact (Mobile or arc) fixed while a position indicator of said disconnector indicate that the circuit between the first electrical equipment and the second electrical equipment is open, since said position indicators only detect the positioning of the moving main contact. In the event of spring failure, the movable main contact has reached a correct position once the disconnector is open, the position indicator then indicates a correct opening of the disconnector, but the movable arcing contact is positioned incorrectly and can endanger, for example, a maintenance staff.

In order to solve this problem, it has been proposed to increase the distance separating the final position of disconnection of the moving contacts from the position of the fixed contacts. once the disconnection phase is over, so that even if the spring device is faulty, a minimum distance between the movable arcing contact and the fixed contacts is respected. However, such a solution implies a greater travel distance for the moving contacts, and therefore larger and more expensive disconnectors, and in addition, the dielectric fields are more difficult to manage due to the many possible positions of the arcing contact. movable between a position inside the chamber and a position in which it is partially inside the chamber. Another solution is to suppress the movable arcing contact and increase the moving speed of the movable main contact to reduce the duration of the electric arc. However, such a solution requires a device for moving the movable main contact capable of supplying a large amount of kinematic energy to the latter, which complicates the disconnector and increases the wear of moving mechanical parts.

An object of the present invention is to provide a system for assisting in the detection of a failure of the positioning of the arcing contact or of the main contact of a disconnector after disconnection of the first and second electrical equipment, ie opening of the circuit electrical connection connecting said first electrical equipment to said second electrical equipment, said system to be simple and effective. Another aim is to propose a system for assisting in the detection of a failure of a disconnector requiring a small number of mechanical parts making it possible to optimize the masses of moving elements, the size and the disconnection speeds for said switch.

For this purpose, a system for assisting in the detection of a failure, a disconnector comprising said system and a method for detecting a failure of a disconnector, all adapted for high voltages, are proposed according to claims 1, 3, 5. Subclaims present other advantages of the invention.

• une chambre de coupure comprenant un milieu isolant tel que de l'hexafluorure de soufre, ladite chambre renfermant au moins un premier appareillage électrique situé à une extrémité amont dudit sectionneur et un second appareillage électrique situé à une extrémité aval dudit sectionneur;
• un premier dispositif de déplacement d'un élément mobile du sectionneur, ledit élément étant mobile entre une première position amont à une première position avale;
• au moins un contact fixe et au moins un contact mobile entre une seconde position amont dans laquelle ledit contact mobile est en contact avec ledit contact fixe et une seconde position avale dans laquelle ledit contact mobile est déconnecté dudit contact fixe, ayant en particulier son extrémité amont située à une distance de sécurité prédéfinie dudit contact fixe. Selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation, ledit sectionneur comprend un contact principal fixe, un contact d'arc fixe, un contact principal mobile et un contact d'arc mobile. En particulier, selon ledit mode préférentiel de réalisation, ledit élément est le contact principal mobile. Ledit premier dispositif de déplacement est en particulier capable de déplacer ledit élément, par exemple ledit contact principal mobile, à une vitesse V(t) en fonction du temps t, entre ladite première position amont et ladite première position avale, et vice versa, ladite vitesse V(t) étant une vitesse faible, typiquement de l'ordre du mm/s et peut en particulier être une vitesse constante. Par exemple, ledit premier appareillage électrique peut comprendre le contact principal fixe, agencé à ladite extrémité amont dudit sectionneur, ledit contact principal fixe comprenant le contact d'arc fixe, par exemple disposé radialement vers l'intérieur par rapport au contact principal fixe, ce dernier ayant par exemple une forme substantielle de cylindre creux. En particulier, ledit second appareillage électrique peut comprendre ledit contact principal mobile, agencé à ladite extrémité aval dudit sectionneur, mobile entre une première position amont dans laquelle ledit contact principal mobile est apte à établir une liaison électrique avec ledit contact principal fixe, ledit sectionneur étant alors dans un état fermé, i.e. le courant pouvant passer dudit premier appareillage électrique audit second appareillage électrique, et une première position avale dans laquelle ledit contact principal mobile est déconnecté dudit contact principal fixe, ledit sectionneur étant alors dans un état ouvert, i.e. le courant ne pouvant plus circuler entre ledit premier appareillage électrique et ledit second appareillage électrique. Ledit second appareillage électrique comprend en particulier également un contact d'arc mobile configuré pour être mobile par rapport au contact principal mobile, entre la seconde position amont dans laquelle il est en contact avec ledit contact d'arc fixe et ladite seconde position avale dans laquelle il est déconnecté dudit contact d'arc fixe, ledit contact d'arc mobile étant préférentiellement monté coulissant par rapport au contact principal mobile, par exemple de façon à être situé radialement vers l'intérieur par rapport au contact principal mobile;
• un indicateur de position dudit élément configuré pour indiquer que le sectionneur est correctement ouvert si ledit élément a atteint ladite première position avale lors d'une ouverture dudit sectionneur et que ledit sectionneur est correctement fermé si ledit élément a atteint ladite première position amont à la fermeture dudit sectionneur, ledit indicateur de position permettant ainsi de détecter une défaillance dudit sectionneur pour toute position intermédiaire dudit élément entre ladite première position amont et ladite première position avale ;
• un second dispositif de déplacement couplé audit premier dispositif de déplacement de façon à emmagasiner de l'énergie dès la mise en mouvement dudit élément de l'amont vers l'aval pour relâcher subitement ladite énergie emmagasinée afin de déplacer, en particulier transitoirement à une vitesse V'(t) supérieure à la vitesse V(t), ledit contact mobile de la seconde position amont vers ladite seconde position avale. Selon ledit mode préférentiel de réalisation, ledit élément est le contact principal mobile et le contact mobile est le contact d'arc mobile, le second dispositif de déplacement étant alors configuré pour déplacer le contact d'arc mobile transitoirement à ladite vitesse V'(t) > V(t) entre ladite seconde position amont et ladite seconde position avale durant un intervalle de temps [t'1, t'2] compris dans l'intervalle de temps [t1, t2] nécessaire au déplacement dudit contact principal mobile entre ladite première position amont et ladite première position avale, ledit second dispositif de déplacement étant couplé audit premier dispositif de déplacement de façon à débuter ledit déplacement transitoire dudit contact d'arc mobile au temps t'1 temporellement situé après la déconnexion au temps t1 du contact principale mobile et du contact principal fixe (i.e. t'1 > t1) et achever ledit déplacement transitoire au temps t'2 situé temporellement avant ou au même instant que le temps t2 au moment duquel ladite première position avale est atteinte par le contact principal mobile (i.e. t'2 ≤ t2), cela afin de limiter la formation et la durée d'un arc électrique entre le contact d'arc mobile et le contact d'arc fixe, ledit second dispositif de déplacement comprenant en particulier des moyens élastiques de rappel couplés audit premier dispositif de déplacement de façon à emmagasiner de l'énergie lors d'un déplacement du contact principal mobile de la première position amont en direction de la première position avale, et à relâcher subitement l'énergie emmagasinée au cours dudit déplacement afin de générer ledit déplacement transitoire dudit contact d'arc mobile, de manière à ce que ledit contact d'arc mobile se déplace ainsi subitement de ladite seconde position amont en direction de ladite seconde position avale à la vitesse V'(t) supérieure à la vitesse V(t) de déplacement dudit contact principal mobile pour un même instant t appartenant à l'intervalle de temps [t'1, t'2] compris dans l'intervalle de temps [t1, t2].

The present invention thus relates to a system for assisting in the detection of a failure of a disconnector, said disconnector preferably comprising the following elements:

• an interrupting chamber comprising an insulating medium such as sulfur hexafluoride, said chamber containing at least a first electrical equipment located at an upstream end of said disconnector and a second electrical equipment located at a downstream end of said disconnector;
• a first device for moving a movable element of the disconnector, said element being movable between a first upstream position and a first downstream position;
• at least one fixed contact and at least one movable contact between a second upstream position in which said movable contact is in contact with said fixed contact and a second downstream position in which said movable contact is disconnected from said fixed contact, having in particular its upstream end located at a predefined safety distance from said fixed contact. According to a preferred embodiment, said disconnector comprises a fixed main contact, a fixed arcing contact, a movable main contact and a movable arcing contact. In particular, according to said preferred embodiment, said element is the mobile main contact. Said first displacement device is in particular able to move said element, for example said moving main contact, at a speed V (t) as a function of time t, between said first upstream position and said first downstream position, and vice versa, said speed V (t) being a low speed, typically of the order of mm / s and can in particular be a constant speed. For example, said first electrical equipment may comprise the fixed main contact, arranged at said upstream end of said disconnector, said fixed main contact comprising the fixed arcing contact, for example arranged radially inwardly with respect to the fixed main contact, this last having for example a substantial form of hollow cylinder. In particular, said second electrical equipment may comprise said moving main contact, arranged at said downstream end of said disconnector, movable between a first upstream position in which said movable main contact is able to establish an electrical connection with said fixed main contact, said disconnector being then in a closed state, ie the current that can pass from said first electrical equipment to said second electrical equipment, and a first downstream position in which said moving main contact is disconnected from said fixed main contact, said disconnector then being in an open state, ie the current not being able to circulate between said first electrical equipment and said second electrical equipment. Said second electrical equipment also comprises in particular also a movable arcing contact configured to be movable with respect to the movable main contact, between the second upstream position in which it is in contact with said fixed arcing contact and said second downstream position in which he is disconnected from said fixed arcing contact, said movable arcing contact being preferably slidably mounted relative to the movable main contact, for example so as to be located radially inwardly relative to the movable main contact;
• a position indicator of said element configured to indicate that the disconnector is properly open if said element has reached said first downstream position upon opening of said disconnector and that said disconnector is properly closed if said element has reached said first upstream position upon closing said disconnector, said position indicator thus making it possible to detect a failure of said disconnector for any intermediate position of said element between said first upstream position and said first downstream position;
• a second displacement device coupled to said first displacement device so as to store energy as soon as said element is moved from upstream to downstream to suddenly release said stored energy in order to move, in particular transiently at a speed V '(t) greater than the speed V (t), said movable contact from the second upstream position to said second position swallows. According to said preferred embodiment, said element is the movable main contact and the movable contact is the movable arcing contact, the second displacement device then being configured to move the moving arcing contact transiently at said speed V '(t )> V (t) between said second upstream position and said second downstream position during a time interval [t'1, t'2] included in the time interval [t1, t2] necessary for the displacement said movable main contact between said first upstream position and said first downstream position, said second displacement device being coupled to said first moving device so as to start said transient displacement of said movable arcing contact at time t1 temporally located after the disconnection at the time t1 of the main movable contact and the fixed main contact (ie t'1> t1) and complete said transient displacement at the time t2 located temporally before or at the same time as the time t2 at which said first downstream position is reached by the movable main contact (ie t'2 ≤ t2), in order to limit the formation and the duration of an electric arc between the moving arcing contact and the fixed arcing contact, said second moving device comprising in particularly elastic return means coupled to said first displacement device so as to store energy during displacement of the contact p movable primary from the first upstream position towards the first downstream position, and to suddenly release the stored energy during said displacement to generate said transient displacement of said moving arcing contact, so that said arcing contact mobile thus suddenly moves from said second upstream position towards said second downstream position at the speed V '(t) greater than the speed V (t) of displacement of said moving main contact for the same time t belonging to the interval of time [t'1, t'2] included in the time interval [t1, t2].

• le système d'aide à la détection selon l'invention comprend une première butée destinée à être montée sur ou fixée à une embase dudit sectionneur, par exemple une embase ou un support dudit second appareillage électrique, de manière à être fixe en mouvement, i.e. immobile, lors d'un déplacement dudit contact mobile et/ou dudit élément, une seconde butée destinée à être fixée ou couplée audit contact mobile afin de se déplacer simultanément avec ce dernier et en particulier à la même vitesse, un corps ayant un point d'attache accouplable au premier dispositif de déplacement de façon à ce que ledit corps et ledit élément soient entrainables simultanément en mouvement par ledit premier dispositif de déplacement, ledit corps comprenant une première extrémité et une seconde extrémité, chacune en particulier mobile par rapport audit point d'attache, ladite première extrémité étant configurée pour interagir, notamment mécaniquement, par exemple par contact, avec ladite première butée et ladite seconde extrémité étant configurée pour interagir, notamment mécaniquement, par exemple par contact, avec ladite seconde butée de façon à ce que, en cas de défaillance dudit second dispositif de déplacement, notamment empêchant ledit contact mobile d'atteindre ladite position avale, par exemple empêchant ledit contact d'arc d'atteindre ladite position avale, ladite première extrémité et ladite seconde extrémité viennent buter contre respectivement la première butée et la seconde butée de façon à bloquer ledit élément à une position intermédiaire entre la première position amont et la première position avale, le blocage étant notamment causé par le couplage dudit corps et dudit élément au premier dispositif de déplacement, ledit blocage à ladite position intermédiaire permettant une détection de ladite défaillance par ledit indicateur de position.

The reader will notice that two disconnectors operating according to the same principle have thus been described. These two disconnectors are illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 , respectively representing a first embodiment and a second mode of realization of a disconnector. In the case of the first embodiment, the first displacement device moves said element during the opening or closing of the disconnector, and said second displacement device couples the movable contact to said element in order to implement a displacement. near instantaneous contact of said movable contact between the second upstream position and the second downstream position, in order to reduce the lifetime of an electric arc occurring between the movable contact and the fixed contact. In the second embodiment, said element driven in motion by said first displacement device is the movable main contact and said second displacement device couples the moving arc contact to said moving main contact so as to allow a very rapid transient movement of the moving arc contact between the second upstream position and the second downstream position when opening said disconnector. The fault detection aid system according to the invention makes it possible to improve the detection of a failure of a disconnector, in particular that it is a disconnector according to the first or the second embodiment, and can be adapted to other types of disconnectors using the following principles:

• the detection aid system according to the invention comprises a first stop intended to be mounted on or fixed to a base of said disconnector, for example a base or a support of said second electrical equipment, so as to be fixed in motion, ie immobile, during a displacement of said movable contact and / or said element, a second stop intended to be fixed or coupled to said moving contact in order to move simultaneously with the latter and in particular at the same speed, a body having a point d coupler coupled to the first displacement device so that said body and said element are drivable simultaneously in movement by said first displacement device, said body comprising a first end and a second end, each in particular movable with respect to said point of attachment, said first end being configured to interact, in particular mechanically, for example by contact, with said first stop and said second end being configured to interact, in particular mechanically, for example by contact, with said second stop so that, in the event of failure of said second displacement device, in particular preventing said contact movable to reach said downstream position, for example preventing said arcing contact from reaching said downstream position, said first end and said second end abut respectively against the first abutment and the second abutment so as to lock said element at a position intermediate between a first upstream position and the first downstream position, the blocking being caused in particular by the coupling of said body and said element to the first displacement device, said locking to said intermediate position for detection of said failure by said position indicator.

The present invention also relates to a disconnector, for example according to said first or second embodiment, equipped with said system for assisting the detection of a failure.

• un déplacement simultané dudit point d'attache et dudit élément en direction de l'aval, le contact mobile restant immobile et en contact avec ledit contact fixe, le mouvement dudit point d'attache par rapport à ladite seconde butée entraînant en mouvement chacune des extrémités dudit corps, ladite seconde extrémité dudit corps étant alors toujours en butée contre ladite seconde butée;
• une déconnexion du contact fixe et du contact mobile, ladite seconde extrémité dudit corps étant à cet instant toujours en butée contre ladite seconde butée et ledit élément toujours en déplacement en direction de ladite première position avale ;
• un déplacement dudit contact mobile de ladite seconde position amont en direction de ladite seconde position avale à une vitesse V'(t) supérieure à la vitesse V(t) de déplacement dudit élément durant une période transitoire de temps [t'1, t'2] comprise dans la période de temps [t1, t2] nécessaire pour que ledit élément se déplace de la première position amont à la première position avale, ledit déplacement dudit contact mobile entrainant un mouvement de ladite seconde butée en direction de l'aval;
• un positionnement de ladite seconde extrémité en butée contre ladite seconde butée et un positionnement de ladite première extrémité en butée contre ladite première butée de manière à bloquer ledit élément à la position intermédiaire entre la première position amont et la première position avale en cas de défaillance dudit second dispositif de déplacement, ladite défaillance empêchant ledit contact mobile d'atteindre ladite seconde position avale. En particulier, selon la présente invention, ladite seconde butée est située plus en aval que ladite première butée si le sectionneur, en particulier le second dispositif de déplacement, fonctionne correctement, i.e. est non défaillant, et respectivement ladite seconde butée est située plus en amont que ladite première butée si le sectionneur, en particulier le second dispositif de déplacement, est défaillant. Cette position relative des deux butées en fonction du fonctionnement du second dispositif de déplacement permet de bloquer ou non ledit élément (ou ledit contact principal mobile suivant le mode de réalisation choisi) à une position intermédiaire entre la première position avale et la première position amont, permettant ainsi la détection de la défaillance.

Finally, the present invention also proposes a method for detecting a failure of a disconnector as previously described, the method comprising a locking of said element at an intermediate position between said first upstream position and said first downstream position by interaction of said ends of said body with said stops and detecting said intermediate position to signal a failure of the disconnector. In particular, the method comprises chronologically the following steps when opening said disconnect:

• a simultaneous displacement of said attachment point and said element towards the downstream, the movable contact remaining stationary and in contact with said fixed contact, the movement of said attachment point with respect to said second stop causing in movement each of the ends said body, said second end of said body then always abuts against said second stop;
• a disconnection of the fixed contact and the movable contact, said second end of said body being at this moment always in abutment against said second stop and said element always moving in the direction of said first downstream position;
• a displacement of said movable contact from said second upstream position towards said second downstream position at a speed V '(t) greater than the speed V (t) of displacement of said element during a transitory period of time [t'1, t' 2] included in the period of time [t1, t2] required for said element to move from the first upstream position to the first downstream position, said displacement of said movable contact causing a movement of said second stop towards the downstream;
• a positioning of said second end in abutment with said second stop and a positioning of said first end in abutment with said first stop so as to lock said member at the intermediate position between the first upstream position and the first downstream position in the event of a failure of said first stop second displacement device, said failure preventing said moving contact from reaching said second position swallows. In particular, according to the present invention, said second stop is located further downstream than said first stop if the disconnector, in particular the second displacement device, is functioning correctly, ie is non-faulty, and respectively said second stop is situated further upstream said first stop if the disconnector, in particular the second displacement device, is faulty. This relative position of the two stops as a function of the operation of the second displacement device makes it possible to block or not said element (or said movable main contact according to the chosen embodiment) at an intermediate position between the first downstream position and the first upstream position, thus allowing the detection of the failure.

Figure 1 :

système d'aide à la détection d'une défaillance équipant un sectionneur selon un premier mode de réalisation.

Figure 2 :

système d'aide à la détection d'une défaillance équipant un sectionneur selon un second mode de réalisation.

Figures 3-8 :

illustrations des étapes de l'ouverture d'un sectionneur comprenant le système d'aide à la détection d'une défaillance selon l'invention.

Figure 9 :

illustration d'un sectionneur défaillant équipé du système d'aide à la détection d'une défaillance selon l'invention.

In order to better understand the present invention and to illustrate it, exemplary embodiments are provided by means of the following figures:

Figure 1 :

system for assisting the detection of a failure equipping a disconnector according to a first embodiment.

Figure 2:

system for assisting the detection of a fault equipping a disconnector according to a second embodiment.

Figures 3-8:

illustrations of the steps of opening a disconnector including the system for assisting in the detection of a failure according to the invention.

Figure 9:

illustration of a faulty disconnector equipped with the system for assisting in the detection of a failure according to the invention.

The figure 1 presents a system for assisting in the detection of a failure equipping a disconnector according to a first embodiment. The figure 2 presents a system for assisting the detection of a failure according to the invention equipping a disconnector according to a second embodiment. The disconnectors according to the first or second embodiment comprise in particular a breaking chamber 1 configured to be hermetically closed in order to enclose an insulating medium, at least one fixed contact 2, said fixed contact may comprise a fixed main contact 21 and a fixed arc contact 22, at least one movable contact 3, said movable contact 3 illustrated in FIG. figure 1 also acting as an arc contact, whereas according to the second embodiment presented in figure 2 the disconnector comprises two movable contacts, respectively a movable main contact 31 and a movable arcing contact 32, said disconnectors further comprising a first displacement device 4 and a second displacement device 5, said first displacement device 4 being intended to moving an element 41 from a first upstream position close to the fixed contact 2 to a first downstream position remote from said fixed contact 2, said element being said moving main contact 31 in the case of the second embodiment of said disconnector, said second switching device being displacement 5 comprising, for example, elastic return means, in particular a spring, so as to store elastic potential energy during at least part of the displacement of said element 41 or moving main contact 31 from the first upstream position to the first position swallows, and suddenly release the potential energy accumulated in the form of kinetic energy to drive in motion at least a portion of the movable contact 3, in particular the entire movable contact 3 in the case of the first embodiment of the disconnector and the movable arcing contact 32 in the case of the second embodiment of said disconnector, so that the movable contact 3 or its movable arc contact 31, is suddenly accelerated towards said second downstream position, away from said fixed contact. In this way, the life of the electric arc occurring between the fixed contact 2 and the movable contact 3 is reduced. Each of said disconnectors represented in figure 1 and in figure 2 further comprises a position indicator 6 for detecting the position of said element 41, ie said movable main contact 31 in the case of the second embodiment, in order to determine whether said element 41 (or movable main contact 31 in the case of the figure 2 ) is at said first upstream position when the disconnector is closed, or at said first downstream position when the disconnector is open. Said position indicator is in particular configured to indicate a failure of said isolator if said disconnector is open, while said element 41 (or movable main contact 31 in the case of the figure 2 ) is not in the first downstream position, or if said isolator is closed, while said element 41 (or movable main contact 31 in the case of the figure 2 ) is not in the first upstream position. Such cases may occur especially if the second displacement device 5 is faulty, as illustrated in FIG. figure 9 .

Each of said disconnectors previously described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 comprise the system for assisting the detection of a failure according to the invention.

This detection aid system comprises a first stop 71 configured to be installed at a moving fixed part of said disconnector, for example at a base of said disconnector or at a housing of said disconnector, a second stop 72 intended to be fixed to said part of the movable contact 3 driven in motion by said second displacement device 5, in particular, said second stop 72 is configured to be fixed to the body of the movable contact 3 in the case of the first embodiment of the disconnector and to the contact body of the contact mobile arc 32 in the case of the second embodiment of said disconnector, said fault detection aid system comprising a body 8 configured to be coupled to the first displacement device 4 so that said body 8 is moved simultaneously and at the same speed as said element 41 (or moving main contact 31 in the case of the figure 2 ), for example the body 8 comprises an attachment point 83 and a coupling means 84 intended to couple said attachment point 83 to said element 41, in particular, according to the second embodiment of the disconnector, said body 8 is intended to to be fixed to said movable main contact 31 by said coupling means 84, said body 8 including a first end 81 and a second end 82, each movable relative to said attachment point 83, said attachment point 83 comprising for example a pivot allowing said ends to pivot about said point of attachment 83, the first end 81 being movable between a point A and a point A 'defined in a reference frame (x, y) originating at said point of attachment 83, ie defined relative to said point of attachment 83, and the second end 82 being movable between a point B and a point B 'defined in said reference frame (x, y), ie also defined with respect to said point of attachment 83, said reference ntiel being trained in motion in the same way as said point 83, and said body 8 being configured so that when its first end 81 is in position A, then its second end 82 is in position B, and when the first end 81 is in position A ', then said second end 82 is in position B ', said first end 81 being configured to interact with said first stop 71 and said second end 82 being configured to interact with said second stop 72 so that, in case of failure of said second stop 5, said first end 81 and said second end 82 abut against respectively the first stop 71 and the second stop 72 so as to block said element 41 (or moving main contact 31 in the case of the figure 2 ) at an intermediate position between the first upstream position and the first downstream position, thus preventing said element 41 (or moving main contact 31 in the case of the figure 2 ) to reach said first downstream position when opening said disconnector and thereby allowing the position indicator 6 to indicate a disconnector failure, since the disconnector will be in an open state while said element 41 ( or mobile main contact 31 in the case of the figure 2 ) will not be in the first down position.

The Figures 3-8 illustrate the opening of the disconnector according to the second embodiment when said opening is not faulty, and the figure 9 presents the result of a failure of the second displacement device 5 when opening said disconnector. The Figures 3-9 thus represent the disconnector according to the second embodiment as described in figure 2 during different stages of its opening and when the latter is equipped with the fault detection aid system according to the invention.

In figure 3 , the disconnector according to the invention is in the closed state. This state is characterized in that the movable main contact 31 is in contact, ie electrically connected, with the fixed main contact 21 and the movable arcing contact 32 is also in contact with the fixed arc contact 22. The system detection aid comprises said body 81 whose attachment point 83 is coupled to said first displacement device 4 by being fixed to said movable main contact 31 itself coupled to said first displacement device 4. Said body 81 and said contact mobile main 31 are thus drivable simultaneously and in particular at the same speed in motion, for example in a translational movement, by said first moving device 4 as soon as the latter is activated to open said disconnector. When the disconnector is in the closed state, said body 8 at its second end 82 abuts against said second stop 72 and its first end 81 in position A with respect to said attachment point 83.

• Une déconnexion du contact principal mobile 31 et du contact principal fixe 21 au temps t1 illustré par le passage de la figure 4 à la figure 5, le contact d'arc mobile 32 et le contact d'arc fixe 22 restant immobiles et en contact audit temps t1, ledit point d'attache 83 et le contact principal mobile 31 étant simultanément entrainés en mouvement en direction de l'aval, le mouvement dudit point d'attache 83 par rapport à ladite seconde butée 72 restée immobile (car solidaire dudit contact d'arc mobile 32) entraînant en mouvement chacune des extrémités 81, 82 dudit corps mobile, notamment par pivotement autour dudit point d'attache 83, lesdites extrémités 81, 82 quittant leurs positions respectives A et B pour se déplacer, par exemple par rotation autour d'un pivot dudit point d'attache 83, en direction des positions A' et B' respectivement ;
• Une déconnexion du contact d'arc fixe et du contact d'arc mobile au temps t'1 tel qu'illustré en figure 6, ladite seconde extrémité 82 dudit corps 8 étant audit t'1 toujours en butée contre ladite seconde butée 72, mais à ladite position B' par rapport audit point d'attache 83, ladite première extrémité 81 dudit corps étant alors à la position A', et le contact principal mobile 31 toujours en déplacement en direction de ladite première position avale ;
• Un déplacement dudit contact d'arc mobile 32 de ladite seconde position amont en direction de ladite seconde position avale à une vitesse V'(t) supérieure à V(t) pour des temps t appartenant à l'intervalle de temps [t'1, t'2] illustré par le passage de la figure 6 à la figure 7, ledit déplacement entrainant un mouvement de ladite seconde butée 72 en direction de l'aval, ladite seconde butée s'éloignant alors de ladite seconde extrémité 82 qui reste à ladite position B' par rapport au point d'attache 83, le contact principale mobile 31 continuant sa course en direction de ladite première position avale durant l'intervalle de temps [t'1, t'2]. En particulier, ladite seconde position amont est la position du contact mobile ou du contact d'arc mobile lorsque ces derniers sont en contact avec le contact fixe ou respectivement avec le contact d'arc fixe, et ladite seconde position avale est la position du contact mobile ou du contact d'arc mobile lorsque le contact mobile est situé à ladite distance prédéfinie de sécurité dudit contact fixe ou respectivement lorsque le contact d'arc mobile est intégralement logé dans ledit contact principal mobile et que ce dernier a atteint ladite première position avale ;
• Au temps t2', en cas de fonctionnement correct du sectionneur tel qu'illustré en figure 8, ledit contact d'arc mobile 32 a eu un mouvement vers ladite seconde position avale suffisant pour être par exemple intégralement logé dans ledit contact principal mobile, il est par exemple logé complètement à l'intérieur d'une chambre dudit contact principal mobile 31, et en cas de disfonctionnement ou défaillance du sectionneur tel qu'illustré en figure 9, ledit contact d'arc mobile 32 est situé à une position intermédiaire entre ladite seconde position avale et ladite seconde position amont avec son corps sortant par exemple partiellement de ladite chambre dudit contact principal mobile 31;
• Au temps t2, ledit temps t2 pouvant être égale ou supérieur au temps t'2, en cas de fonctionnement correct du sectionneur illustré par la figure 8, la première extrémité 81 dudit corps 8 est à ladite position A en butée contre ladite première butée 71, et ledit contact d'arc mobile 32 et ledit contact principal mobile 31 sont chacun à leurs positions avales respectives, le contact principale mobile 31 ayant atteint la première position avale, dans laquelle par exemple l'extrémité amont dudit contact principal mobile est à la distance prédéfinie de sécurité dudit contact principal fixe, ladite seconde extrémité 82 étant à ladite position B, en butée contre ladite seconde butée 72, le déplacement du contact principal mobile 31 jusqu'à ladite position avale ayant entrainé le déplacement dudit point d'attache 83 par rapport à ladite première butée 71 de façon à ce que ladite première extrémité 81 soit venue buter contre ladite première butée 71, la poursuite du déplacement du contact principal mobile 31 vers la première position avale alors que ladite première extrémité 81 était en butée avec la première butée 71 ayant entrainé un déplacement de ladite seconde extrémité 82 de ladite position B' à ladite position B ;
• En cas de défaillance ou disfonctionnement du sectionneur tel qu'illustré en figure 9, ladite seconde extrémité 82 est en butée contre ladite seconde butée 72 à une position intermédiaire B" différente de la position B et comprise entre la position B et la position B', i.e. B''∈ ]B, B'], ce qui implique que la première extrémité 81 est à une position A''∈ ]A, A'] intermédiaire entre la position A et la position A', et arrive en butée contre ladite première butée 71 lors du déplacement du contact principal mobile 31 en direction de la première position avale, le système d'aide à la détection selon l'invention étant en particulier configuré pour que la seconde butée 72 soit située plus en amont que la première butée 71 en cas de défaillance du sectionneur, notamment du second dispositif de déplacement. Comme chacune des extrémités 81, 82 est en butée respectivement contre la première et la seconde butée, tout mouvement dudit point d'attache 83 en direction de la première position avale du contact principal mobile est alors empêché, et ledit couplage dudit point d'attache 83 avec le premier dispositif de déplacement 4, par exemple avec l'élément 41 dans un cas général, ou avec le contact principal mobile 31 dans le cas illustré aux figures 3-9, bloque ledit premier dispositif de déplacement 4, empêchant ainsi l'élément 41 ou le contact principal mobile 31 d'atteindre la première position avale, ledit élément 41 ou ledit contact principal mobile 31 étant ainsi bloqué à une position intermédiaire entre la première position amont et la première position avale. En particulier, dans le second mode de réalisation du sectionneur, le contact principal mobile 31 est bloqué à ladite position intermédiaire dès que ledit contact d'arc mobile 32 est bloqué à une position intermédiaire entre la seconde position amont et la seconde position avale par défaillance dudit second dispositif de déplacement 5. Ladite position intermédiaire dudit contact principal mobile, ou dans le cas général dudit élément 41, est alors détectée par l'indicateur de position 6 et signalée par ce dernier comme une défaillance dudit sectionneur. Ainsi, selon la présente invention, une défaillance dudit second dispositif de déplacement empêchant notamment ledit contact mobile d'atteindre ladite position avale, par exemple empêchant ledit contact d'arc d'atteindre ladite position avale, devient détectable et peut être signalée par l'indicateur de position, la présente invention selon le premier ou second mode de réalisations préférentiels du sectionneur permettant en particulier et avantageusement d'indiquer au moyen de l'indicateur de position que le sectionneur est correctement ouvert lors d'une défaillance dudit second dispositif de déplacement qui permettrait tout de même audit contact mobile ou contact d'arc mobile d'atteindre ladite position avale, i.e. lors d'une défaillance n'entravant pas le déplacement dudit contact mobile ou contact d'arc mobile jusqu'à ladite position avale.

The fault detection aid system according to the invention is configured so that when opening said disconnector as shown in FIGS. Figures 4 to 9 , the following steps are performed:

• A disconnection of the movable main contact 31 and the fixed main contact 21 at the time t1 illustrated by the passage of the figure 4 to the figure 5 the movable arcing contact 32 and the fixed arcing contact 22 remaining stationary and in contact with said time t1, said attachment point 83 and the movable main contact 31 being simultaneously driven in a downstream direction, the movement of said attachment point 83 relative to said second stop 72 remained motionless (because of solidarity said moving arcing contact 32) moving each of the ends 81, 82 of said movable body, in particular by pivoting about said attachment point 83, said ends 81, 82 leaving their respective positions A and B to move, for example by rotating about a pivot of said attachment point 83, towards the positions A 'and B'respectively;
• A disconnection of the fixed arc contact and the moving arc contact at time t'1 as illustrated in FIG. figure 6 said second end 82 of said body 8 being said 1'1 always abut against said second stop 72, but at said position B 'with respect to said attachment point 83, said first end 81 of said body then being at the position A' , and the movable main contact 31 still moving towards said first downstream position;
• A displacement of said movable arcing contact 32 from said second upstream position towards said second downstream position at a speed V '(t) greater than V (t) for times t belonging to the time interval [t'1 , t'2] illustrated by the passage of the figure 6 to the figure 7 said displacement causing a movement of said second stop 72 towards the downstream, said second stop then moving away from said second end 82 which remains at said position B 'with respect to the point of attachment 83, the moving main contact 31 continuing its course towards said first downstream position during the time interval [t'1, t'2]. In particular, said second upstream position is the position of the moving contact or the movable arcing contact when they are in contact with the fixed contact or respectively with the fixed arcing contact, and said second downstream position is the contact position. mobile or mobile arc contact when the movable contact is located at said predefined safety distance of said fixed contact or respectively when the movable arcing contact is fully housed in said moving main contact and the latter has reached said first downstream position;
• At time t2 ', in the event of correct operation of the disconnector as illustrated in figure 8 said movable arcing contact 32 has had a movement towards said second downstream position which is sufficient, for example, to be fully accommodated in said movable main contact, it is for example housed completely inside a chamber of said movable main contact 31, and in case of malfunction or failure of the disconnector as shown in figure 9 said movable arcing contact 32 is located at an intermediate position between said second downstream position and said second upstream position with its body exiting for example partially from said chamber of said movable main contact 31;
• At time t2, said time t2 may be equal to or greater than time t2, in case of correct operation of the disconnector illustrated by the figure 8 the first end 81 of said body 8 is at said position A abutting against said first stop 71, and said moving arc contact 32 and said movable main contact 31 are each at their respective downstream positions, the moving main contact 31 having reached the first downstream position, in which for example the upstream end of said moving main contact is at the predetermined safety distance of said fixed main contact, said second end 82 being at said position B, abutting against said second stop 72, the displacement of the movable main contact 31 to said downstream position having caused the displacement of said attachment point 83 with respect to said first stop 71 so that said first end 81 abuts against said first stop 71, the further movement of the movable main contact 31 to the first downstream position while said first end 81 abuts with the first stop 71 having caused a displacement of said second end 82 of said position B 'to said position B;
• In case of malfunction or malfunction of the disconnector as shown in figure 9 said second end 82 abuts said second stop 72 at an intermediate position B "different from the position B and between the position B and the position B ', ie B''∈] B, B'], which implies that the first end 81 is at a position A''∈] A, A '] intermediate between the position A and the position A', and abuts against said first stop 71 during the displacement of the movable main contact 31 in the direction of the first downstream position, the detection assistance system according to the invention being in particular configured so that the second stop 72 is located further upstream than the first stop 71 in the event of failure of the disconnector, in particular the second device of FIG. As each of the ends 81, 82 abuts respectively against the first and the second stop, any movement of said point of attachment 83 towards the first downstream position of the movable main contact is then prevented. t said coupling of said attachment point 83 with the first displacement device 4, for example with the element 41 in a general case, or with the movable main contact 31 in the case illustrated in FIGS. Figures 3-9 , blocking said first displacement device 4, thus preventing the element 41 or the movable main contact 31 from reaching the first downstream position, said element 41 or said movable main contact 31 being thus locked to a intermediate position between the first upstream position and the first downstream position. In particular, in the second embodiment of the disconnector, the movable main contact 31 is blocked at said intermediate position as soon as said movable arcing contact 32 is blocked at an intermediate position between the second upstream position and the second downstream position by failure. said second displacement device 5. Said intermediate position of said movable main contact, or in the general case of said element 41, is then detected by the position indicator 6 and indicated by the latter as a failure of said disconnector. Thus, according to the present invention, a failure of said second displacement device preventing in particular said movable contact from reaching said downstream position, for example preventing said arcing contact from reaching said downstream position, becomes detectable and can be signaled by the position indicator, the present invention according to the first or second preferred embodiment of the disconnector allowing in particular and advantageously to indicate by means of the position indicator that the disconnector is properly open during a failure of said second displacement device which would still allow said moving contact or moving arc contact to reach said downstream position, ie during a failure that does not interfere with the displacement of said movable contact or moving arc contact to said downstream position.

According to the present invention, said movable arcing contact is for example in the form of a rod having one end intended to come into contact with the fixed arcing contact, and the other end coupled to said second displacement device, said second abutment being preferentially fixed to the said rod, near said other end. In particular, said movable main contact is of hollow cylindrical shape and radially surrounds said moving arc contact, the latter being able to be completely housed in a chamber, ie the hollow interior part of said movable main contact. One end of said movable main contact is intended to come into contact with said fixed contact, the other end being coupled to said first moving device and cooperating with the second moving device to allow movement of said movable arcing contact of a position in said chamber at a position outside said chamber and vice versa. The first displacement device is in particular configured to move respectively said element (first embodiment) or said movable main contact (second embodiment) in a rectilinear motion, in particular a uniform rectilinear movement, and the second displacement device is in particular configured to respectively move the moving contact or said movable arcing contact (according to the chosen embodiment) in a rectilinear motion, in particular a varied rectilinear motion, so that the speed V '(t) of said movable contact, or respectively said movable arc contact, is transiently greater than the speed V (t) of said element, respectively said movable main contact. Finally, said body 8 is in particular in the form of a rod, said attachment point 83 being preferably arranged in the middle of said rod along its length so that said ends 81, 82 can rotate around said attachment point 83 when the latter stumble against their respective stops.

Claims (6)

System for assisting in the detection of a disconnector failure, said disconnector comprising a first displacement device (4) configured to move an element (41) of the disconnector from a first upstream position to a first downstream position, least one fixed contact (2) and at least one movable contact (3) between a second upstream position in which said movable contact (3) is in contact with said fixed contact (2) and a second downstream position in which said movable contact ( 3) is disconnected from said fixed contact (2), a second displacement device (5) coupled to said first displacement device (4) so as to store energy as soon as said element (41) moves upstream downstream to suddenly release said stored energy to move said movable contact (3) from the second upstream position toward said second downstream position, said detection assisting system comprising: a first stop (71) intended to be fixed to a base of said disconnector so as to be stationary; a second stop (72) intended to be fixed to said moving contact (3); - a body (8) which can be coupled to the first displacement device (4) via an attachment point (83) so that said body (8) and said element (41) are simultaneously drivable in movement by said first device displacement (4), said body including a first end (81) configured to interact with said first stop (71) and a second end (82) configured to interact with said second stop (72) so that, in the case of failure of said second displacement device (5), said first end (81) and said second end (82) abut respectively against the first stop (71) and the second stop (72) at the opening of said disconnector, so as to block said element (41) at an intermediate position between the first upstream position and the first downstream position, thereby allowing a position indicator (6) of said member (41) to signal a failure. A sensor aid according to claim 1, wherein said isolator comprises a movable main contact (31), a movable arcing contact (32), said element (41) being said movable main contact (31), said system detection device being then configured so that said second stop (72) is coupled to said movable arcing contact (32), and said body (8) is coupled to said movable main contact (31) via said attachment point (83). A high-voltage disconnector comprising a first displacement device (4) configured to move an element (41) of the disconnector from a first upstream position to a first downstream position, at least one fixed contact (2) and at least one movable contact (3) between a second upstream position in which said movable contact (3) is in contact with said fixed contact (2) and a second downstream position in which said movable contact (3) is disconnected from said fixed contact (2), a second displacement device (5) coupled to said first displacement device (4) for storing energy as soon as said element (41) moves from upstream to downstream to suddenly release said energy stored in order to move said movable contact (3) from the second upstream position towards said second downstream position, a position indicator (6) able to detect and signal an intermediate position of said element (41) between said first downstream position and said first upstream position, and said detection assisting system according to claim 1. Disconnector according to claim 3, comprising a movable main contact (31), a movable arcing contact (32), said element (41) being said movable main contact (31), said second abutment (72) being coupled to said contact of said moving arc (32), and said body (8) being coupled to said movable main contact (31) via said attachment point (83). Method of detecting a failure of a disconnector comprising a first displacement device (4) configured to move an element (41) of the disconnector from a first upstream position to a first downstream position, at least one fixed contact (2) and at least one movable contact (3) between a second upstream position in which said movable contact (3) is in contact with said fixed contact (2) and a second downstream position in which said movable contact (3) is disconnected from said fixed contact (2), a second displacement device (5) coupled to said first displacement device (4) for storing energy as soon as said element (41) moves from upstream to downstream to suddenly release said stored energy for moving said movable contact (3) from the second upstream position towards said second downstream position, a position indicator (6) capable of detecting and signaling an intermediate position of said element (41) between said first downstream position and said first upstream position, a detection assisting system comprising a first stop (71), a second stop (72), a body (8) comprising a point a first end (81) and a second end (82), the method comprising a locking of said element (41) at an intermediate position between said first upstream position and said first downstream position by interaction of said ends ( 81, 82) of said body with said stops (71, 72) and a detection of said intermediate position to signal a failure of the disconnector. A method according to claim 5 comprising chronologically the following steps upon opening of said isolator: a simultaneous displacement of said attachment point (83) and said element (41) towards the downstream, the movable contact (3) remaining stationary and in contact with said fixed contact (2), the movement of said point of fastener (83) with respect to said second stop (72) driving each of the ends (81, 82) of said body (8) in motion because said second end (82) of said body (8) abuts against said second stop (72); - A disconnection of the fixed contact (2) and the movable contact (3), said second end (82) of said body (8) being at this moment always in abutment against said second stop (72) and said element (41) still in position. moving towards said first downstream position; a displacement of said movable contact (3) from said second upstream position towards said second downstream position at a speed V '(t) greater than the speed V (t) of displacement of said element (41) during a transitory period of time [t'1, t'2], said displacement of said movable contact (3) causing a movement of said second stop (72) towards the downstream, said second stop (72) thus moving away from said second end ( 82), the contact between the second stop (82) and the second end (82) is therefore broken; a positioning of said second end (82) abutting against said second stop (72) and a positioning of said first end (81) abutting against said first stop (71) so as to block said element (41) at the position intermediate between the first upstream position and the first downstream position in case of failure of said second displacement device, said failure preventing the movable contact (3) to reach said second downstream position.

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