EP3221394A1 - Composition à base d'un mélange de polyesters et d'amidon thermoplastique à filmabilité améliorée - Google Patents
Composition à base d'un mélange de polyesters et d'amidon thermoplastique à filmabilité amélioréeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3221394A1 EP3221394A1 EP15804894.2A EP15804894A EP3221394A1 EP 3221394 A1 EP3221394 A1 EP 3221394A1 EP 15804894 A EP15804894 A EP 15804894A EP 3221394 A1 EP3221394 A1 EP 3221394A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- starch
- polylactic acid
- mass
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/18—Plasticising macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
- C08J3/203—Solid polymers with solid and/or liquid additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0016—Plasticisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
- C08K5/053—Polyhydroxylic alcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
- C08K5/092—Polycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08K5/103—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids with polyalcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08L3/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2300/16—Biodegradable polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2303/00—Characterised by the use of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08J2303/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2403/00—Characterised by the use of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08J2403/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2467/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2467/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2467/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2467/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/06—Biodegradable
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/06—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features having improved processability or containing aids for moulding methods
Definitions
- composition based on a mixture of polyesters and thermoplastic starch with improved filmability
- the invention relates to a thermoplastic composition
- a thermoplastic composition comprising thermoplastic starch, a semi-crystalline polylactic acid and at least one aliphatic polyester other than said polylactic acid.
- the subject of the invention is also a process for the manufacture of this composition as well as a process for the manufacture of film by sheath blowing using this composition.
- plastics have become essential for the mass production of objects. Indeed, because of their thermoplastic nature, one can manufacture at high rates all kinds of objects from these polymers. To manufacture these objects, small pieces of these thermoplastic polymers are used, generally in the form of granules, which are melted by the supply of heat and mechanical stresses in shaping machines. For example, one can manufacture film by introducing these granules in a extrusion blow molding machine or a flat extruder (in English "cast extrusion") or still make bottles by introducing them into an extruder snowblower.
- thermoplastics such as polyolefins or polyamides.
- these plastics are still little recycled today. Thus, this poses environmental problems because they are generally incinerated and that this incineration can cause the release of toxic gases.
- one of the important concerns today in the field of polymers is to provide biodegradable or at least compostable polymers.
- aliphatic polyesters such as polybutylene succinate (PBS), polybutylene succinate-coadipate (PBSA), poly- ⁇ -caprolactone (pCAPA), polylactic acid (PLA) as well as polyhydroxyalkanoates of the polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) or poly (hydroxy butyrate-co-valerate) type (PHVB).
- PBS polybutylene succinate
- PBSA polybutylene succinate-coadipate
- pCAPA poly- ⁇ -caprolactone
- PLA polylactic acid
- PHB polyhydroxyalkanoates of the polyhydroxybutyrate
- PVB poly (hydroxy butyrate-co-valerate) type
- the aliphatic polyesters generally have melting temperatures close to those of the polyolefins, which allows, inter alia, their application in the fields of films and packaging, the biodegradability of which is an obvious advantage for single-shot applications.
- thermoplastic starch-based compositions which consist of starch and plasticizer of this starch such as glycerol.
- starch is one of the biobased polymers which is naturally the most widespread in the environment.
- thermoplastic starches have insufficient properties, especially in terms of water resistance.
- transformation of starch into thermoplastic starch is not easy because it requires the use of stresses and / or high temperatures during thermomechanical mixing, which tends to degrade the thermoplastic starch thus formed.
- compositions based on aliphatic polyesters and plasticized starch have been developed.
- the thermoplastic starch phase is generally dispersed in the polyester phase.
- These compositions have numerous advantages, such as being able to be compostable and / or biodegradable and to have a very improved resistance to water compared with thermoplastic starch.
- These compositions are generally manufactured by extrusion. An intimate mixing rod of the two polymers is then obtained, this rod then being passed through a granulator to form granules.
- compositions based on thermoplastic starch and aliphatic polyester such as PBS or PBSA are that these compositions can be transformed into a film by blowing the sheath at rates very reduced compared, for example, to polyethylenes.
- This phenomenon is particularly important when the mass quantity of organic plasticizer in thermoplastic starch is high, that is to say when the organic plasticizer / starch mass ratio, expressed by dry weight, is equal to or greater than 10/90. In the context of industrial processes, this leads to unsatisfactory productivity and therefore to excessive production costs.
- Compositions 7A, 8A and 9A of US Pat. No. 7820276 disclose compositions comprising an aliphatic-aromatic polyester, a semi-crystalline polylactic acid and thermoplastic starch. The properties of the films obtained, and in particular its elongation at break, are not satisfactory.
- the application WO 2013/073402 which was the subject of a European application republished under the number EP 2781546 A1, describes a composition comprising a starch (a1), a biodegradable resin (a2) other than a polylactic acid and an acid amorphous polylactic (b), wherein the mass ratio (b) / (a2) ranges from 20/80 to 50/50 and the mass ratio (constituents other than (b)) / (b) is between 95/5 and 50/50.
- This composition is transformed by blowing sheath. It has improved tensile, elongation at break, impact resistance, heat seal resistance and tear resistance.
- compositions do not allow high speed production of films by extrusion blowing sheath.
- Comparative compositions have also been manufactured in which the amounts of plasticizer are very low (3 parts of plasticizer per 40 parts of starch) of the semi-crystalline polylactic acid is used in place of the amorphous polylactic acid.
- the properties of the films obtained, and in particular stress and elongation at break, are unsatisfactory, thus encouraging the use of semi-crystalline polylactic acid in thermoplastic compositions in order to produce films.
- thermoplastic composition comprising at least one mixture of polyesters (A) comprising at least one polylactic acid (A1) and at least one aliphatic polyester (A2) other than the polymer (A1), at least one starch (B), at least one organic plasticizer of the starch (C) characterized in that:
- the mass percentage of (A1) with respect to the weight of (A1) and (A2), expressed in dry mass, ranges from 2 to 70%; At least 50% of the mass of polylactic acid (A1) consists of semi-crystalline polylactic acid;
- the weight ratio of starch (B) / organic plasticizer (C), expressed in dry mass ranges from 90/10 to 40/60, for example from 85/15 to 40/60.
- the invention relates to a thermoplastic composition based on a mixture of polyesters (A) comprising at least one polylactic acid (A1) and at least one aliphatic polyester (A2) other than (A1), starch (B) and plasticizer (C).
- thermoplastic composition is a composition that reversibly softens under the action of heat and hardens on cooling to room temperature. It has at least one glass transition temperature (Tg) below which the amorphous fraction of the composition is in the brittle glassy state, and above which the composition can undergo reversible plastic deformations.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the glass transition temperature or at least one of the glass transition temperatures of the starch-based thermoplastic composition of the present invention is preferably in the range of - ⁇ to 40 ° C.
- This starch-based composition can, of course, be shaped by the processes traditionally used in plastics, such as extrusion, injection, molding, blowing and calendering.
- the composition according to the invention is based on a polyester mixture which comprises polylactic acid (A1), said polylactic acid being at least 50% of semi-crystalline polylactic acid.
- Polylactic acid is generally obtained by polymerization of lactide, by ring opening. Lactide can be in the form of D-lactide, L-lactide or in the form of meso-lactide.
- the crystallinity of the polylactic acid is mainly controlled by the amounts of D-lactide and L-lactide and to a lesser extent by the type of catalyst used.
- the polymerization of a racemic mixture of L-lactide and D-lactide generally leads to the synthesis of an amorphous polylactic acid, whereas the polymerization of pure D-lactide or pure L-lactide leads to the synthesis of a semi-crystalline polylactic acid.
- a synthetic method using a racemic mixture can also lead to a heterotactic PLA having crystallinity using stereospecific catalysts.
- the polylactic acid has a crystallinity (or degree of crystallinity) ranging from 30 to 75%, most preferably from 40 to 60%.
- the degree of crystallinity of the PLA can be determined by differential scanning calorimetry analysis on the basis of the calculation of the ratio of the jump values of Cp to Tg of the semicrystalline product which is to be characterized and of the same product rendered totally amorphous.
- a sample of about 10 mg of the material that is to be characterized is subjected to a heating ramp from -20 ° C. to 200 ° C. at a speed of 1 O / min.
- a heating ramp from -20 ° C. to 200 ° C. at a speed of 1 O / min.
- ACp éC hantiiion the value of the jump from Cp to Tg of this sample.
- the sample is completely melted. It is then subjected to rapid cooling at a rate of 50 ° C / min to -20 ° C.
- the purpose of this second step is to make the sample totally amorphous. It is possible to ensure the non-recrystallization of the sample during cooling by following the signal measured by the device.
- the polylactic acid (A1) comprises an amorphous polylactic acid, that is to say that (A1) is a mixture of amorphous polylactic acid and semi-crystalline polylactic acid.
- the amount of amorphous polylactic acid, relative to the totality of the polylactic acid does not exceed 50%, advantageously does not exceed 20%, preferably does not exceed 10%.
- polylactic acid may advantageously consist of a mixture of 55 to 90% of semicrystalline polylactic acid and 10 to 45% of amorphous polylactic acid, the amounts being expressed as dry mass of polylactic acid.
- composition according to the invention also comprises an aliphatic polyester other than polylactic acid (A1).
- An aliphatic polyester is a polyester which comprises nonaromatic monomers exclusively.
- understanding monomers is meant that the polyester is capable of being obtained by polycondensation of these monomers.
- the polyester comprises succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol, it means that the polyester is capable of being obtained by polycondensation of monomers comprising succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol.
- the polyester comprises x% of a monomer (X)
- An aliphatic polyester is a polyester that can be obtained using non-aromatic monomers, said monomers being chosen from polyols, polyacids and monomers bearing at least one carboxylic acid function and at least one alcohol function. These non-aromatic monomers may be linear, cycloaliphatic or branched. It is also possible to obtain these polyesters by enzymatic or fermentation routes, as in the case of polyhydroxyalkanoates.
- These polyols are generally aliphatic diols, preferably saturated linear aliphatic diols.
- linear aliphatic diol there may be mentioned ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, or a mixture of aliphatic diol units comprising at least one of these units, preferably ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol or a mixture of these diols, most preferably 1,4-butanediol.
- the polyacids are generally aliphatic diacids, preferably saturated aliphatic diacids.
- these diacids may be succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid or a mixture of these. diacids.
- the aliphatic diacid is selected from succinic acid and adipic acid or a mixture of these acids.
- Polyesters can also be obtained from the esters, anhydrides or chlorides of these polyacids.
- Monomers bearing at least one carboxylic acid function and at least one alcohol function are generally hydroxy acids.
- the hydroxy acids may be glycolic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, hydroxycaproic acid, hydroxyvaleric acid, 7-hydroxyheptanoic acid, 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid, 9-hydroxyoctanoic acid, hydroxynonanoic acid or a mixture of these hydroxy acids.
- the polyesters can also be obtained from dilactone such as glycolide or lactone such as caprolactone.
- the polyester (A2) is an aliphatic polyester chosen from polymers (A2) for condensing ethylene glycol and / or butanediol-1,4 and succinic acid and / or adipic acid.
- the total mass of the polyester With respect to the total mass of the polyester, the total mass of ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and adipic acid advantageously exceeds 90%.
- the aliphatic polyester (A2) comprises 1,4-butanediol and succinic acid and / or adipic acid.
- the polyester (A2) is most preferably selected from PBS and PBSA.
- the invention is particularly advantageous when the aliphatic polyester (A2) is amorphous.
- the mass percentage of (A1) with respect to the mass of (A1) and (A2), expressed in dry mass ranges from 2 to 70%. Preferably, this mass percentage ranges from 10 to 50%, most preferably from 18 to 30%.
- the compositions can be converted into a film by extrusion inflation at a faster speed, these films also having mechanical properties quite suitable for use in bags.
- the mass percentage of (A1) with respect to the mass of (A1) and (A2) is small, that is to say that this mass percentage, expressed in dry mass, is 2 at 20%, advantageously in this mode of 3 to 15%, for example from 4 to 10%.
- the mass proportions in each constituent are expressed in dry mass. So, when we give the proportions of a constituent by relative to the total mass of the composition means the dry mass of this component relative to the dry mass of the composition.
- the polyesters (A) have a melt index ranging from 0.1 to 50 g / 10 min, advantageously from 0.5 to 15 g / 10 min (IS01 133, 190 ⁇ €, 2.16 kg).
- composition according to the invention further comprises starch (B) and an organic plasticizer of starch (C), both forming thermoplastic starch.
- starch (B) it can be of any type. If it is desired to obtain a composition of lower cost, the starch preferentially used for the manufacture of the composition is a granular starch, preferably a native starch.
- granular starch is used herein to mean a starch which is native or physically modified, chemically or enzymatically, and which has retained, within the starch granules, a semicrystalline structure similar to that evidenced in starch grains. naturally occurring in reserve organs and tissues of higher plants, particularly in cereal grains, legume seeds, potato or cassava tubers, roots, bulbs, stems and fruits. In the native state, the starch grains generally have a degree of crystallinity which varies from 15 to 45%, and which essentially depends on the botanical origin of the starch and the possible treatment it has undergone.
- Granular starch placed under polarized light, has a characteristic black cross, so-called Maltese cross, typical of the granular state.
- the granular starch can come from all botanical origins, including a granular starch rich in amylose or conversely, rich in amylopectin (in English "waxy”). It may be starch native to cereals such as wheat, maize, barley, triticale, sorghum or rice, tubers such as potato or cassava, or legumes such as peas and soybeans, and mixtures of such starches.
- Starch can also be modified, chemically or physically.
- the organic plasticizer of the starch (C) has the function of rendering the starch thermoplastic.
- It may be an organic plasticizer selected from diols and polyols such as glycerol, polyglycerols, sorbitans, sorbitol, mannitol, and hydrogenated glucose syrups, urea, polyethers with a molar mass of less than 800 g / mol and any mixtures of these products, preferably glycerol, sorbitol or a mixture of glycerol and sorbitol.
- diols and polyols such as glycerol, polyglycerols, sorbitans, sorbitol, mannitol, and hydrogenated glucose syrups, urea, polyethers with a molar mass of less than 800 g / mol and any mixtures of these products, preferably glycerol, sorbitol or a mixture of glycerol and sorbitol.
- the composition comprises relatively large amounts of plasticizer, that is to say that the mass ratio starch (B) / organic plasticizer (C), expressed in dry mass, is less than or equal to 90/10 .
- the weight ratio of starch (B) / organic plasticizer (C), expressed in dry mass ranges from 90/10 to 40/60, advantageously from 85/15 to 50/50, for example from 80/20 to 60 / 40.
- the range from 90/10 to 40/60 can be broken down into two sub-ranges: a sub-range of 90/10 to 85/15 (85/15 terminal excluded) and a sub-range of 85/15 to 40/60. 60.
- the weight ratio of starch (B) / organic plasticizer (C), expressed in dry mass ranges from 90/10 to 80/20, or even from 90/10 to 85/15 (bound 85 / 15 excluded).
- the mass percentage of (A1) with respect to the mass of (A1) and (A2) be low.
- the compositions of this preferred mode make it possible to be transformed later, for example in the form of a film, without the occurrence of smoke emission during the transformation.
- the films obtained have excellent mechanical properties, especially when the amount of (A1) is low.
- the composition according to the invention can be converted into films by extrusion blowing sheath, this even using high production rates.
- the composition may comprise relatively large amounts of thermoplastic starch.
- the composition according to the invention can thus comprise a total mass quantity of polyester (A) in the range from 35 to 75 parts. It may comprise a total mass quantity of polyester (A) for example in the range from 40 to 70 parts, advantageously ranging from 45 to 60 parts, preferably ranging from 48 to 58 parts, these mass quantities being expressed relative to 100 parts of the total dry mass of constituents (A1), (A2), (B) and (C).
- the composition according to the invention is characterized by a morphology which is in the form of co-continuous domains of thermoplastic starch and polyester. The morphology of the composition can be observed by scanning electron microscopy.
- compositions according to the invention can be shaped into granules, without these forming rosaries.
- the morphology of the The composition has co-continuous domains of polyester and thermoplastic starch. These compositions exhibit improved biodegradability compared to compositions in which the thermoplastic starch is dispersed in a continuous polyester phase.
- the composition comprises a total mass quantity of polyester (A) in the range from 60 to 75 parts, preferably from 62 to 72 parts, these mass quantities being expressed relative to 100 parts of the dry mass. total of constituents (A1), (A2), (B) and (C).
- this composition is characterized by a morphology in the form of thermoplastic starch domains dispersed in a polyester matrix. According to this mode, the films obtained from these compositions exhibit superior properties of tear resistance.
- composition according to the invention may also comprise additives or additional polymers, called additional constituents, or a mixture thereof.
- composition according to the invention may thus also comprise a binding agent carrying a plurality of functions capable of reacting with the polyester and / or the starch and / or the organic plasticizer of the starch, this function possibly being chosen from the functions carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid ester, isocyanate or epoxy.
- This binding agent in particular citric acid, may be present in a mass quantity ranging from 0.01 to 0.45 parts, these mass quantities being expressed relative to 100 parts of the dry mass of the various constituents of (A1), (A2), (B) and (C).
- the composition comprises from 0.05 to 0.3 parts of citric acid, preferably from 0.06 to 0.20 parts, most preferably from 0.07 to 0.15 parts, relative to 100 parts of the dry mass. different constituents of (A1), (A2), (B) and (C).
- the presence of citric acid in the composition makes it possible to improve the homogeneity thereof and thus to improve the properties of the composition.
- the composition is easy to granulate, in comparison with polyester and thermoplastic starch compositions comprising larger amounts of citric acid.
- composition according to the present invention may also comprise, as other additive or additional component, fillers or fibers of organic or inorganic nature, nanoscale or not, functionalized or not. It can be silicas, zeolites, fibers or glass beads, clays, mica, titanates, silicates, graphite, calcium carbonate, talc, carbon nanotubes, fibers of wood, carbon fiber, polymers, proteins, cellulosic fibers, lignocellulosic fibers and non-destructured granular starch. These fillers or fibers can improve the hardness, rigidity or permeability to water or gases.
- the composition comprises from 0.1 to 200 parts of fillers and / or fibers, for example from 0.5 to 50 parts, this amount being expressed relative to 100 parts of the total dry matter of the constituents (A1), (A2) (B) and (C).
- the composition may also be of composite type, that is to say include large amounts of these fillers and / or fibers.
- the additive useful for the composition according to the invention may also be chosen from opacifying agents, dyes and pigments. They can be selected from cobalt acetate and the following compounds: HS-325 Sandoplast® RED BB (which is a compound carrying an azo function also known as Solvent Red 195), HS-510 Sandoplast® Blue 2B which is an anthraquinone, Polysynthren® Blue R, and Clariant® RSB Violet.
- the composition may also include as an additive a process agent, or processing aid, to reduce the pressure in the processing tool.
- These agents may also act as release agents to reduce adhesion to the formatting materials of the composition, such as molds or calender rolls.
- These agents can be selected from esters and fatty acid amides, metal salts, soaps, paraffins or hydrocarbon waxes. Specific examples of these agents are zinc stearate, calcium stearate, aluminum stearate, stearamides, erucamide, behenamide, beeswax or candelilla waxes.
- the composition further comprises a fatty acid and glycerol monoester, for example glycerol monostearate.
- this composition makes it possible to produce films which are less tacky than compositions which are free of this constituent.
- the amount by weight of the process agent, and in particular fatty acid monoester and glycerol ranges from 0.05 to 1.7 parts, for example from 0.3 to 1.65 parts, advantageously from 0, 5 to 1.5 parts, preferably from 0.65 to 1.3 parts, these quantities being expressed relative to 100 parts of the dry mass of the various constituents (A1), (A2), (B) and (C).
- composition according to the invention may also comprise other additives such as stabilizing agents, for example light stabilizing agents, UV stabilizing agents and heat stabilizing agents, fluidifying agents, flame retardants and antistatic agents. It may also include primary and / or secondary antioxidants.
- the primary antioxidant may be a sterically hindered phenol selected from the compounds Hostanox® O 3, Hostanox® O 10, Hostanox® O 16, Ultranox® 210, Ultranox®276, Dovernox® 10, Dovernox® 76, Dovernox® 3114, Irganox® 1010, Irganox® 1076.
- the Secondary oxidant may be selected from trivalent phosphorus compounds such as Ultranox® 626, Doverphos® S-9228, Hostanox® P-EPQ, or Irgafos® 168.
- the composition may further comprise an additional polymer, different from the polyester according to the invention.
- This polymer may be chosen from polyamides, polystyrene, styrene copolymers, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene-acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers, polymethyl methacrylates, acrylic copolymers, poly (ether-imides) and polyoxides.
- phenylene such as poly (2,6-dimethylphenylene) polyoxide, phenylene polysulfate, polyestercarbonates, polycarbonates, polysulfones, polysulfone ethers, polyetherketone and mixtures of these polymers.
- composition may also comprise, as additional polymer, a polymer making it possible to improve the impact properties of the polymer, in particular functional polyolefins such as functionalized ethylene or propylene polymers and copolymers, core-shell copolymers or block copolymers.
- a polymer making it possible to improve the impact properties of the polymer, in particular functional polyolefins such as functionalized ethylene or propylene polymers and copolymers, core-shell copolymers or block copolymers.
- compositions according to the invention may also comprise polymers of natural origin, such as cellulose, chitosans, alginates, carrageenans, agar-agar, proteins such as gluten, pea proteins, casein , collagen, gelatin, lignin, these polymers of natural origin may or may not be physically or chemically modified.
- polymers of natural origin such as cellulose, chitosans, alginates, carrageenans, agar-agar, proteins such as gluten, pea proteins, casein , collagen, gelatin, lignin, these polymers of natural origin may or may not be physically or chemically modified.
- the composition comprises in dry mass:
- the mass percentage of (A1) with respect to the weight of (A1) and (A2), expressed in dry mass, ranges from 2 to 70%; At least 50% of the mass of polylactic acid (A1) consists of semi-crystalline polylactic acid;
- composition may also comprise from 0.01 to 200 parts of additional constituent (s) chosen from additives and polymers other than (A1), (A2), (B), (C).
- a step of introducing a) in a constituent mixer system comprising a mixture of polyesters (A) comprising at least a polylactic acid (A1) and at least one polyester (A2) other than the aliphatic polymer (A1), at least a starch (B), at least one organic softener of the starch (C) and optionally water;
- thermomechanical manner wherein the components are mixed thermomechanical manner to obtain the thermoplastic composition
- thermoplastic composition ⁇ ⁇ a recovery step c) of the thermoplastic composition.
- the amounts of the various constituents can be varied so as to obtain the compositions described above.
- the person skilled in the art can easily, in order to carry out the process, determine the mass quantities of the various constituents in wet mass to be introduced into the mixing system, by measuring in advance the moisture in each component, for example by performing an assay using the Karl-Fisher method, in order to obtain the compositions in the proportions described above.
- the description of compositions expressed in dry mass, with the amounts of each of the constituents used in the process, which are in turn expressed in wet mass are described.
- the mixing system it may be internal bladed or rotor mixers, external mixers, co-rotating or counter-rotating twin-screw extruders. However, it is preferred to carry out this mixture by extrusion, in particular by using an extruder co-rotating twin screw.
- the various constituents of the composition can be introduced by means of introducing hoppers located along the extruder.
- the mixing system may comprise a drying system, for example a volatile extraction system such as a vacuum pump.
- a drying system for example a volatile extraction system such as a vacuum pump.
- the humidity of the composition is adjusted to be between 2.5 and 9% relative to the total mass (thus wet) of the constituents introduced in step a).
- the process comprises at least one drying step, so that the humidity of the composition is between 0.2 and 1.4%.
- the mixture of step b) is carried out simultaneously with the drying step, for example by connecting a vacuum pump to the reactor.
- the method may also include a separate drying step, later taking up the recovery step c).
- the mixing temperature in step b) is preferably from 90 to 210 ° C, preferably 1 10-190 ⁇ €.
- the mixture of the constituents of the composition can be carried out under an inert atmosphere.
- the mixing system it may be internal bladed or rotor mixers, external mixers, co-rotating or counter-rotating twin-screw extruders.
- the mixing step b) is carried out in an extruder, in particular by using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder.
- the introduction step a) of the various constituents of the composition can be done using feed hoppers located along the extruder.
- the composition recovered in step c) is in the form of a polymer rod.
- the manufacturing method further comprises a granulation step d) of the composition recovered in step c). At the end of this granulation step d) granules of composition are obtained.
- This granulation step can be done by any type of granulator, for example under a water ring, under water or rushes.
- the recovered composition can be granulated very easily, without forming rosaries.
- the invention also relates to granules of the composition according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to an article comprising the composition according to the invention.
- This article can be of any type and be obtained using conventional transformation techniques.
- This may be, for example, fibers or yarns useful for the textile industry or other industries. These fibers or yarns can be woven to form fabrics or nonwovens.
- the article according to the invention can also be a film, a sheet. These films or sheets can be manufactured by calendering techniques, flat film extrusion, extrusion blow molding.
- the invention relates to a sheath blow film manufacturing method comprising:
- the composition according to the invention may have, when it is in the form of a film with a thickness of 50 ⁇ , a Young's modulus of greater than 100 MPa, advantageously ranging from 200 to 1000 MPa, preferably from 300 to 550 MPa. It may also have an elongation at break greater than 150%, for example greater than 200%. In these ranges, and particularly in the preferred ranges, these films can be advantageously used in bags.
- the film thus obtained may have a thickness ranging from 5 to 200 ⁇ , preferably from 10 to 100 ⁇ .
- the drawing speed is greater than 5 m / s, preferably greater than 10 m / s.
- the compositions according to the invention, in particular in the preferred variants make it possible to maintain excellent production rates and to obtain high draft speeds.
- the article according to the invention may also be a container for transporting gases, liquids and / or solids. It may be bottles, for example bottles of sparkling water or not, bottles of juice, bottles of soda, bottles, bottles of alcoholic beverages, bottles, for example bottles of medicine, bottles cosmetics, dishes, for example for ready meals, microwave dishes or lids. These containers can be of any size. They can be manufactured by extrusion blow molding, thermoforming or injection blow molding.
- the articles may also be multilayer articles, at least one layer of which comprises the composition according to the invention. These articles can be manufactured by a process comprising a coextrusion step in the case where the materials of the different layers are brought into contact in the molten state.
- a coextrusion step in the case where the materials of the different layers are brought into contact in the molten state.
- They may also be manufactured by a process comprising a step of applying a layer of melt composition to a layer based on an organic polymer, paper, metal or a solid state adhesive composition. This step may be carried out by pressing, overmolding, lamination or lamination, extrusion-rolling, coating, extrusion-coating or coating.
- PLA Semi-crystalline polylactic acid
- the extruder is introduced into:
- the degassing is carried out by applying a partial vacuum in Z 9 (33-36 D) and in zone 11 (41 -44 D) (vacuum of 100 mbar) making it possible to eliminate the volatile compounds such as water.
- the granules are obtained by a conventional underwater granulation system.
- compositions (Examples 1-9) were made using the method described above.
- the amounts of the various constituents of the compositions are shown in Table 1.
- the proportions of all the constituents are given with respect to the wet weight of the sum of the constituents (A1), (A2), (B) and (C)
- compositions and films obtained from compositions 1 to 9 Characterization of the compositions and films obtained from compositions 1 to 9:
- Examples 1 to 9 demonstrate the benefits of the composition according to the invention: the different compositions, which differ only in the choice of the amount and type of polylactic acid used, are thus compared. The properties were obtained for a thickness of 50 ⁇ . Table 3. Effect of the amount and type of polylactic acid (A1) on the properties of the compositions
- thermoplastic starch when the amount of plasticizer in the thermoplastic starch is important (as is the case in Example 1), it is not possible to transform this film form by extrusion inflation.
- semi-crystalline PLA Examples 2 to 7 according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a filmable composition, while the amount of plasticizer in the thermoplastic starch is identical to that of Example 1.
- the appearance of the films is much better in these proportions (no micro-holes).
- the Applicant has found by additional tests not reported here that when this content exceeds 30%, the mechanical properties may be slightly lower, particularly with regard to elongation at break which may decrease to values less than 150%, or even less than 100%.
- the films formed for these compositions are then more rigid and more fragile.
- the use of amorphous PLA is not favorable: whatever the rate used, the film breaks, even when the drawing speed is low.
- the addition of this polymer does not make it possible to improve the print speeds in the same proportions as the addition of the semicrystalline PLA that is useful for the invention.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1461080A FR3028518B1 (fr) | 2014-11-17 | 2014-11-17 | Composition de polyester et d'amidon thermoplastique aux proprietes mecaniques ameliorees |
FR1461082A FR3028520B1 (fr) | 2014-11-17 | 2014-11-17 | Composition a base d'un melange de polyesters et d'amidon thermoplastique a filmabilite amelioree. |
FR1461081A FR3028519B1 (fr) | 2014-11-17 | 2014-11-17 | Composition a base d'amidon thermoplastique et de polyester aliphatique ou de polyester semi-aliphatique |
FR1554884 | 2015-05-29 | ||
PCT/FR2015/053103 WO2016079417A1 (fr) | 2014-11-17 | 2015-11-17 | Composition à base d'un mélange de polyesters et d'amidon thermoplastique à filmabilité améliorée |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3221394A1 true EP3221394A1 (fr) | 2017-09-27 |
Family
ID=54782765
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15808728.8A Not-in-force EP3221390B1 (fr) | 2014-11-17 | 2015-11-17 | Composition de polyester et d'amidon thermoplastique aux propriétés mécaniques améliorées |
EP15804894.2A Withdrawn EP3221394A1 (fr) | 2014-11-17 | 2015-11-17 | Composition à base d'un mélange de polyesters et d'amidon thermoplastique à filmabilité améliorée |
EP15804893.4A Withdrawn EP3221389A1 (fr) | 2014-11-17 | 2015-11-17 | Composition à base d'amidon thermoplastique et de polyester aliphatique |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP15808728.8A Not-in-force EP3221390B1 (fr) | 2014-11-17 | 2015-11-17 | Composition de polyester et d'amidon thermoplastique aux propriétés mécaniques améliorées |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP15804893.4A Withdrawn EP3221389A1 (fr) | 2014-11-17 | 2015-11-17 | Composition à base d'amidon thermoplastique et de polyester aliphatique |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (3) | US10822491B2 (fr) |
EP (3) | EP3221390B1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2699310T3 (fr) |
WO (3) | WO2016079416A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
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US10822491B2 (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2020-11-03 | Roquette Freres | Composition of polyester and thermoplastic starch, having improved mechanical properties |
US11149131B2 (en) * | 2020-01-30 | 2021-10-19 | Edward Showalter | Earth plant compostable biodegradable substrate and method of producing the same |
US10882977B1 (en) * | 2020-01-30 | 2021-01-05 | Edward Showalter | Earth plant compostable biodegradable substrate and method of producing the same |
US11785972B2 (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2023-10-17 | Frito-Lay North America, Inc. | Processing aid for extrudable food composition |
CN113881109B (zh) * | 2020-07-01 | 2022-12-30 | 南京五瑞生物降解新材料研究院有限公司 | 多级改性的热塑性淀粉母粒及其在制备淀粉基生物降解薄膜中的应用 |
WO2023017085A1 (fr) * | 2021-08-10 | 2023-02-16 | Polypea Srl | Compositions de formation d'amidon thermoplastique et leurs utilisations |
CN113773617B (zh) * | 2021-08-12 | 2023-06-09 | 广州市聚赛龙工程塑料股份有限公司 | 一种pbat基材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN114318945A (zh) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-12 | 福建益百利包装材料有限公司 | Pbs淋膜纸的制备工艺 |
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DE19624641A1 (de) * | 1996-06-20 | 1998-01-08 | Biotec Biolog Naturverpack | Biologisch abbaubarer Werkstoff, bestehend im wesentlichen aus oder auf Basis thermoplastischer Stärke |
US20030077444A1 (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2003-04-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Multicomponent fibers comprising starch and polymers |
ITMI20040947A1 (it) * | 2004-05-11 | 2004-08-11 | Novamont Spa | Foglia estrusa semi e4spansa prodotti da essa formati e loro processo di preparazione |
TW200632018A (en) * | 2005-01-11 | 2006-09-16 | Asahi Kasei Life & Living Corp | Matt film or sheet |
DK1883665T3 (da) * | 2005-04-22 | 2017-11-13 | Univ Geneve | Polylactidsammensætninger og anvendelser deraf |
WO2007012142A1 (fr) * | 2005-07-28 | 2007-02-01 | Biograde (Hong Kong) Pty Ltd | Composition biodégradable de polymères |
WO2007050560A2 (fr) * | 2005-10-24 | 2007-05-03 | Mgp Ingredients, Inc. | Composites thermoresistants a base d'amidon et de polyester et leurs procedes de fabrication |
US8592641B2 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2013-11-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Water-sensitive biodegradable film |
FR2927084B1 (fr) * | 2008-02-01 | 2011-02-25 | Roquette Freres | Procede de preparation de compositions thermoplastiques a base d'amidon plastifie et compositions ainsi obtenues. |
FR2934272B1 (fr) | 2008-07-24 | 2013-08-16 | Roquette Freres | Procede de preparation de compositions a base de matiere amylacee et de polymere synthetique. |
CN106046702B (zh) * | 2008-12-26 | 2020-05-26 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 树脂组合物、膜、袋制品和树脂组合物的制造方法 |
US8409677B2 (en) * | 2010-01-20 | 2013-04-02 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Biodegradable starch-containing blend |
WO2012071177A1 (fr) * | 2010-11-23 | 2012-05-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compositions à base d'amidon thermoplastique |
GB2488811B (en) * | 2011-03-09 | 2015-02-25 | Floreon Transforming Packaging Ltd | Biodegradable polymer blend |
CN102321249B (zh) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-16 | 无锡碧杰生物材料科技有限公司 | 一种热塑性淀粉和生物降解聚酯/淀粉复合材料及其制备 |
US9441105B2 (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2016-09-13 | Showa Denko K.K. | Biodegradable resin composition, and biodegradable film |
US10087291B2 (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2018-10-02 | Fpinnovations | Process to incorporate wet natural fiber and starch into thermoplastics |
US10822491B2 (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2020-11-03 | Roquette Freres | Composition of polyester and thermoplastic starch, having improved mechanical properties |
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2015
- 2015-11-17 US US15/527,301 patent/US10822491B2/en active Active
- 2015-11-17 WO PCT/FR2015/053102 patent/WO2016079416A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2015-11-17 US US15/527,308 patent/US20180327589A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-11-17 WO PCT/FR2015/053100 patent/WO2016079414A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2015-11-17 EP EP15808728.8A patent/EP3221390B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2015-11-17 WO PCT/FR2015/053103 patent/WO2016079417A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2015-11-17 EP EP15804894.2A patent/EP3221394A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-11-17 US US15/527,306 patent/US20180327588A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-11-17 ES ES15808728T patent/ES2699310T3/es active Active
- 2015-11-17 EP EP15804893.4A patent/EP3221389A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20180327589A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
EP3221390A1 (fr) | 2017-09-27 |
EP3221390B1 (fr) | 2018-09-05 |
US20180327587A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
US10822491B2 (en) | 2020-11-03 |
EP3221389A1 (fr) | 2017-09-27 |
ES2699310T3 (es) | 2019-02-08 |
WO2016079417A1 (fr) | 2016-05-26 |
WO2016079414A1 (fr) | 2016-05-26 |
WO2016079416A1 (fr) | 2016-05-26 |
US20180327588A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
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